RU2716986C2 - Method for creation of carpet vegetative turf for gardening and rehabilitation of technogenically disturbed lands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: forestry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to technology of accelerated development of carpet grass-turf coating. Method of carpet vegetal turf for gardening and rehabilitation of technogenically disturbed lands consists in the fact that the substrate for its accelerated cultivation is represented by wastes from extraction of biologically active substances from wood greens. On said substrate layer inoculated seeds of cereals in amount of 80–100 g/m^2, is applied another layer of the substrate, watering is performed with water and sealed with plastic wrap. After emergence of shoots film is removed, and then grown grass turf is transported to location of gardening and/or recultivation of disturbed lands.

EFFECT: technical result is reduction of time for formation of high-quality carpet grass-vegetal turf due to provision of optimum conditions for fast and qualitative germination of seeds of cereal plants.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of improving the environment, in particular, to technology for the accelerated formation of vegetation.

There is a method of processing solid organic substrates into gaseous energy carriers and fertilizers [patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2505491], which require special technical devices, there are special requirements for waste. The disadvantage of this method is the significant amount of recyclable waste, the inability to recycle them in small quantities.

A known method of producing lawn turf on waste hydrolysis-yeast production [patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2412583]. The disadvantage of this method is the processing time: from 2-4 months to 2 years.

There is also known a method for producing lawn turf using expanded vermiculite and half-ripened litter sawdust [patent for inventions of the Russian Federation No. 2393665]. The disadvantage of this method is the high cost of vermiculite substrate and the difficulty of using sawdust (quickly drying out and, as a result, further prolonged soaking). This method is closest to the claimed, therefore, we have chosen as a prototype.

The objective of the invention is the reduction of costs and time for the formation of high-quality carpet grass-vegetative sod intended for use in urban landscaping when arranging lawns and reclamation works.

This problem is solved by the fact that in the method of creating carpet grass sod, according to the invention, the waste from the process of extraction of biologically active substances from woody green is used as a substrate for its accelerated growing.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the process of creating a grass sod, the seeds of cereal plants in the amount of 80-100 g / m ² are sown on the indicated layer of the substrate, another layer of the substrate is applied, watering is carried out and closed with a plastic film, after emergence the film is removed , and then the grass turf grown is transported to the site of landscaping and / or reclamation of disturbed lands. This eliminates the additional processing of the applied substrate, which is the technical result.

The following is a specific example of a practical implementation of the method.

Waste is uniformly applied on a plastic film, the surface of the soil or soil with a layer of up to 2 cm. Then, direct sowing of seeds of cereal plants is carried out in this substrate. For this purpose, species such as red fescue, meadow bluegrass, and others, or a grass mixture consisting of several species that have established themselves in specific climatic conditions, can be used. The seeding rate is 80-100 g / m ² . One more layer of substrate 1 cm high is applied on top of the sown seeds. The recommended watering in the amount of 5 l / m ^{2 is} sufficient to ensure optimal conditions for substrate moisture. After watering, the crops are closed with a plastic film, which allows to maintain optimal humidity conditions necessary for high-quality seed germination. Covering the crops with film also helps to maintain temperature, which is especially important during work, for example, in early spring or late autumn - when the air temperature drops below +10 degrees. Crops aired as needed. After the appearance of friendly mass green shoots, the covering film is removed and no longer used.

The invention is as follows.

Waste layer is uniformly applied on a plastic film, soil or soil surface with a layer of about 2 cm. When growing carpet grass sod, its most optimal sizes are strips 50 - 70 cm wide and 100-120 cm long. The weight of such carpets is only 5-7 kg, which greatly facilitates the work with them during their transfer, movement and transportation. To create such a turf, red fescue seeds, meadow bluegrass or other perennial lawn grasses and grass mixtures are used, which have proven themselves in specific climatic conditions. Sowing seeds in an amount of 80-100 g / m ^{2 is} performed on the waste layer, then another layer 1 cm high is applied. After that, the crops are irrigated with water in an amount of 5 l / m ² and closed with a plastic film. If necessary, air the crops. With the advent of friendly mass green shoots, the covering film is removed and no longer used. At air temperatures above + 10 ° C, grass sod is formed in a short time - within 14 days, at lower temperatures, the period of its cultivation increases to 21 or more days. The grass turf grown in this way is easily rolled up and transported to the landscaping and / or reclamation bridge.

The inventive method using waste from the process of extracting biologically active substances from green wood has been repeatedly tested in laboratory, field and urban conditions.

Chemical analysis of waste for the content of heavy metals showed the presence of trace elements: iron (300.4 mg / kg), zinc (40.9 mg / kg), copper (6.56 mg / kg), lead (2.25 mg / kg), cadmium (0.21 mg / kg) in concentrations that are safe for the environment. In the formation of plant cenoses, they will be used by plants for nutrition, therefore, these elements may be excluded from the composition of nutrient mixtures in the future. The investigated substrate also contains low concentrations of mercury (0.0461 ± 0.009 mg / kg), which do not exceed the background indicators for the Russian Federation - 0.058 ± 0.012 mg / kg [1]. Thus, the substrate from waste biochemical production is safe for the environment. The water properties and pH of the studied substrate allow us to create optimal conditions for high-quality and rapid germination of seeds. When using this substrate to create grass carpet sod, not only the rapid germination of seeds was noted, but also the further intensive development of grasses (in comparison with the traditional soil substrate). The method has effectively proven itself in the landscaping of urban areas of the city of Cherepovets while creating high-quality ground and restoration of disturbed lawns.

Claims (1)

The method of creating carpet plant sod for landscaping and rehabilitation of technologically disturbed lands, characterized in that the waste of the process of extracting biologically active substances from green wood is used as a substrate for its accelerated cultivation, while the seeds of cereal plants are sown in the amount of 80- 100 g / m ^2, is applied another layer of the substrate, watering is performed with water and sealed with plastic wrap, postemergence film is removed, and then grown herbal erninu transported to the planting and / or land reclamation.