CN115299279A - Method for quickly repairing soilless wound side slope vegetation - Google Patents
Method for quickly repairing soilless wound side slope vegetation Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
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- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of ecological restoration of vegetation in difficult land, in particular to a method for quickly restoring soilless wound vegetation on a mountain slope. Step 1, building a trapezoidal dike and filling in foreign soil at the slope toe; 2. planting arbor in the dike; 3. wicker baskets on the side slope occupy holes to fix soil and plant vines; 4. spraying and planting grass on the side slope. According to the restoration method provided by the invention, the rapidity of engineering measures and the economy of natural recovery are fully exerted through the space-time combination of the dike dam, the arbor, the vine and the herb after the point, and a complementary treatment mode of organically combining the engineering measures and the biological measures is realized; meanwhile, due to the space configuration of trees descending and grass irrigation, the stair protection effects of slope fixation and soil blocking under the condition of slope fixation and soil conservation in the upper greening mode are achieved, the maximum utilization of water, soil and light resources of the soilless slope is facilitated, and three-dimensional and long-acting protection is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological restoration of vegetation in difficult land, in particular to a method for quickly restoring soilless wound vegetation on a mountain slope.
Background
The construction of infrastructures such as roads and railways in mountainous areas and the development of mineral resources make great contribution to national economy and social development, and meanwhile, the ecological geological environment and surface vegetation in the areas are also seriously damaged, a large number of exposed soilless slope operation surfaces and the like are formed, the habitat is damaged, the landscape effect is influenced, meanwhile, events such as dust, water and soil loss and the like are easily generated, the air and water body environment is polluted, and secondary geological disasters and the like are induced. The soilless wound surface of the mountain slope mainly comprises gravels with different sizes and waste stone residues, and is mainly characterized by wide distribution, unstable slope and easy formation of geological disasters such as landslide, debris flow and the like. In addition, the soil and water environment of the soilless slope is poor, the natural recovery period of vegetation is long, the artificial repair cost is high, the technical process is complex, and the method is difficult and important for the repair and treatment of vegetation in the difficult site.
At present, aiming at the above-mentioned ecological restoration in difficult places, the method is mostly based on the combination of engineering and biological measures, such as water-collecting afforestation technology, blasting land preparation restoration technology, alien soil spray-seeding technology, etc., but these technical solutions have the problem of over-emphasizing the single engineering measure or biological measure, which results in that on one hand, the engineering quantity is huge, such as blasting land preparation restoration technology; on the other hand, a single forest or grass biological measure cannot adapt to a complex slope microenvironment, so that the phenomena of vegetation water shortage death on a slope and vegetation water scouring degradation at a slope angle frequently occur after manual management and protection are stopped; the technical scheme of the invention fully utilizes the reasonable distribution of dike protection, forest, irrigation and grass in space and time, realizes the organic combination of engineering and biological measures, and creates a complementary treatment mode of the synergetic slope microenvironment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly repairing soilless wound vegetation, which is low in cost, wide in application and long in service life.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for quickly repairing soilless wound side slope vegetation comprises the following steps:
furthermore, the protective dike is 1.5 +/-0.5 m high (containing 0.4m of foundation), 0.2-0.4 m wide at the upper part and 0.4-0.8 m wide at the lower part, and 0.20m + 0.20m drainage holes are reserved at the interval of 2.0-4.0 m at the height of 0.6-0.8 m from the ground.
Step 2, planting trees in the dike dam: forming a strip-shaped belt along the width of the slope from the bottom of the dike dam to the slope surface by 50-80cm, and planting resistant high tree seeds in the strip-shaped belt according to local conditions;
step 3, fixing soil on the side slope to plant plants: digging holes on the side slope according to terrain scatter, placing wicker baskets planted with lianas in the holes to fix the slope, and realizing rapid restoration of the vegetation on the side slope without soil wound.
The scattered pits with the diameter of 0.3m-0.40m are dug on the side slope at the interval of every 2.0m (horizontal length) and 3.0m (slope length) according to the terrain; wicker baskets with the diameter of 0.6m and the height of about 0.6m are arranged in the holes at intervals.
And 3, broadcasting herbaceous plants for greening after the slope vine plants are planted for 2-3 years, and further realizing stable greening of the side slope after 3-4 years.
After the slope forest trees and the slope willow basket plants form effective shading (water retention) and covering (forming litter substrate), the slope is sprayed with perennial ryegrass and grass seeds of the meadow bluegrass or tall fescue.
In the step 1, the dike dam is trapezoidal and vertically faces the side slope; the method is to mix, stir and masonry or pour local large rocks or small gravel particles and cement.
In the step 1, one side of the dike dam facing the slope surface is the inner side, and 0.30-0.50m of deep foreign soil is buried in the inner side of the dike dam; wherein the foreign soil is a mixture of crushed corn straw, river mud and fly ash according to the volume ratio of 1.
The resistant high tree species planted according to regions and climates in the step 2 are one or more of pinus sylvestris, platycladus orientalis (road landscape area), robinia pseudoacacia, poplar (ecological fragile area) apples and jujube trees.
3, burying additional soil in the wicker basket, and planting one or more of parthenocissus tricuspidata and euonymus fortunei in the basket according to regions and climates; wherein, the water-retaining agent and the alien soil are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1.
The mountain slope soilless wound area to be repaired is a wound side slope formed by building a highway or a dumping side slope of a rock dumping site; the length of the constructed dike is along the slope surface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention can realize the quick and economic restoration of vegetation on difficult lands, effectively reduces the restoration cost, forms three-dimensional and long-acting protection, and has the following specific advantages:
1) Protecting dikes and planting trees in the dikes: the trees are planted after the dike is maintained, the root system of the arbor is developed, the stress resistance is strong, the erosion resistance is high, the capability of retaining broken stones is strong, and the problems of side slope landslide and water and soil loss are solved at low cost; the water and soil blocked by the dike dam nourish the growth of trees at the toe of the dike dam, and the long-acting green protective barrier is formed by combining the dike dam and the tree with the dike dam; economic fruit trees such as apples and jujube trees are planted on the slopes with relatively good conditions such as partial landforms, climates and soil matrixes, and the economic income can be additionally increased; the shielding and withering layer formed by the arbor canopy creates conditions for the water and soil environment formation required by the growth of the side slope shrubs and grasses;
2) Willow basket scattered point-shaped hole-occupying soil fixation, vine planting and slope protection: wicker baskets are adopted for scattered point occupation hole soil fixation and vine plant planting on the side slope for early slope protection, the wicker baskets are simple in structure, easy to transport, ventilate and permeable, the water and soil conditions for forest fruit growth are solved, and the amount of engineering for digging planting holes on the rock side slope is reduced to the maximum extent; the overground growth and underground root extension of vine plants such as the parthenocissus tricuspidata, the grape forest and the like promote the integral stability of the side slope and the formation and the stability of soil matrix of the slope surface; the side slope covering can be well realized, the surface water and soil environment can be improved in a short time, and conditions are created for the final herbaceous covering;
3) In the method, aiming at the poor water and soil conditions of the soil-free abrupt slope in difficult land, the step-type treatment steps of firstly carrying out dike-building and tree-planting for fixing feet, then carrying out willow basket vine slope protection and finally carrying out whole slope greening are adopted: through the combination of the dike, the trees, the vines and the herbs, after the combination, the rapidity and the economy of natural recovery of engineering measures and the space-time complementarity of the arbor, shrub and grass are fully exerted, and a complementary treatment mode of organically combining engineering measures and biological measures is realized. In addition, the spatial configuration of trees descending and grass irrigation ascending forms the stair protection effect of slope fixing and soil blocking and soil conservation ascending, is favorable for realizing the maximum utilization of water, soil and light resources of soilless slope, and finally forms three-dimensional long-acting protection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a repair structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein 1. A dam; 2. a vent hole; 3. carrying out soil dressing at corners; 4. wicker basket for fixing soil in the cave.
Detailed Description
The following describes a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings; the following examples are presented to further illustrate embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the invention.
The slope surface is greened by plants after the slope is fixed by the tree and vine soil, and the rapidity and the economy of natural recovery of engineering measures are fully exerted after the slope surface is planted; the materials for building the dike are locally used, so that the problems of slope landslide and water and soil loss are solved at low cost; the water and soil blocked by the dike dam nourish the growth of the trees at the toe of the slope, and a long-acting green protective barrier is formed. The preparation of the foreign soil is realized by taking materials nearby, and the cost is low; wicker basket simple structure, easily transportation, and ventilate, permeate water, through its scattered point account for the cave soil fixation, solved the soil and water condition that the forest fruit grows, vine plants such as tiger creeper, grape forest overground growth and the underground root system extends and has promoted the overall stability of side slope and domatic soil matrix's formation and stability, and later stage herbaceous plant spray-seeding can be fine realize the side slope and afforest comprehensively and form three-dimensional, long-term bank protection.
Examples
A method for quickly repairing soilless wound vegetation, as shown in figure 1, wherein a region to be repaired is located in a Beijing octadaling high-speed Yanqing road section, comprises the following steps:
in the step 1, the dike dam is trapezoidal and vertically faces the side slope; the method is characterized in that large rocks or small-particle gravels which are locally used are mixed with cement, stirred, laid or poured; the side of the dike dam facing the slope is the inner side.
The alien soil adopted in the embodiment is prepared by mixing crushed corn stalks, river mud or river beach soil and fly ash in a volume ratio of 1.
Step 2, planting arbor in the dike: forming a strip-shaped belt from the bottom of the dike dam to the slope surface by 60cm along the width of the side slope, and planting resistant high tree seeds in the strip-shaped belt according to local conditions; the tree species pioneer countryside soil tree species are planted with economic fruit trees under the condition of permission; pine cones, aspens, walnuts, apples and the like are planted in the embodiment.
Step 3, fixing soil on the side slope by wicker baskets, and planting vine plants:
digging holes on the side slope according to the terrain, placing wicker baskets for planting lianas in the holes, planting grapes and celastrus orbiculatus in the baskets, and the like to fix the slope, thereby realizing the rapid restoration of the vegetation on the side slope without the soil wound surface.
The side slope is scattered to form pits with the diameter of 0.3m and the depth of 0.65m at the interval of every 2.0m (horizontal length) and 3.0m (slope length); wicker baskets with the diameter of 0.6m and the height of about 0.6m are arranged in the holes at intervals.
Wherein, add foreign soil and water-retaining agent in the wicker basket, the volume ratio of water-retaining agent to foreign soil is 1:120, the water-retaining agent added in this example is NSI-415 type large-particle water-retaining agent developed by Sinkiang Lin academy of sciences, and the water is drenched for 1 time after planting.
Wherein, the hole is dug according to the high and steep side slope without the soil wound surface, so that a landslide and a falling stone are easily formed, and the construction is preferably organized at the moment that the surface layer is frozen and the lower layer is still frozen in the late winter and the early spring. The mode of manually moving stones and shallowly digging tree pits can be selected to realize the soil fixation and hole occupation of the wicker baskets.
Step 4, planting grass on the side slope: and 3, after 2-3 years of implementation, namely after the slope foot forest and the willow basket plant form effective shading (water retention) and covering (forming litter substrate), spraying the tall fescue on the slope, and basically realizing the stable greening of the slope after 3-4 years.
According to the embodiment, the trees are planted after the dike is firstly repaired in the repairing process, the planted trees are developed in root systems, resistant to scouring and strong in capability of blocking and storing broken stones, and the problems of slope landslide and water and soil loss are solved at low cost; the water and soil blocked by the dike dam nourish the growth of trees at the toe of the slope, and a long-acting green protective barrier is formed; and willow is arranged on a rock slope, wicker baskets are used for containing foreign soil, holes are scattered according to micro topography or drilled holes to occupy the holes for fixing soil, and vine plants are planted for early slope protection. The wicker basket has simple structure, is easy to transport, is ventilated and permeable, solves the water and soil conditions for the growth of the forest fruits through scattering and fixing pits, and simultaneously reduces the engineering quantity of digging planting holes on the rock side slope to the maximum extent; the overground growth and underground root extension of vine plants such as the parthenocissus tricuspidata, the grape forest and the like promote the integral stability of the side slope and the formation and the stability of soil matrix of the slope surface; through the combination of the dike, the trees, the vines and the herbs, the trees are firstly planted, then the grasses are planted, and the rear part is planted, so that the rapidity of engineering measures, the economy of natural recovery and the space-time complementarity of the trees, the shrubs and the grasses are fully exerted, and a complementary treatment mode of organic combination of engineering measures and biological measures is realized.
Claims (7)
1. A method for rapidly repairing soilless wound side slope vegetation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, building a trapezoidal dike protector on a slope toe: building a dike dam along the slope toe of the side slope in the area to be repaired by adopting a cement mortar stone block method, wherein the dike dam is 0.6-0.8 m away from the ground and is transversely provided with drainage holes, and any two drainage holes are horizontally spaced by 2.0-4.0 m;
step 2, planting trees in the dike dam: burying 0.30-0.50m deep soil inside the dike dam, wherein the soil is obtained locally or nearby, and a 50-80cm wide-band vegetation growth matrix is formed at the joint of the dike dam and the slope toe of the soilless slope; planting resistant high-landscape tree species or economic forest tree species in the foreign soil area according to local conditions;
step 3, soil fixing and planting plants on the side slope: digging holes on the side slope according to terrain scatter, placing wicker baskets planted with lianas in the holes to fix the slope, and realizing rapid restoration of the vegetation on the side slope without soil wound.
2. The method for rapidly repairing soilless wound slope vegetation according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 3, broadcasting herbaceous plants for greening after the slope liana is planted for 2-3 years, and further realizing stable greening of the slope after 3-4 years.
3. The method for rapidly repairing vegetation on a soilless wound side slope according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: after the slope forest trees and the slope willow basket plants form effective shading (water retention) and covering (forming litter substrates), the slope is sprayed with perennial ryegrass and grass seeds of the meadow bluegrass or tall fescue.
4. The method for rapidly repairing soilless wound slope vegetation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, the dike dam is trapezoidal and vertically faces the side slope; the method is to mix, stir and masonry or pour local large rocks or small gravel particles and cement.
5. The method for rapidly repairing soilless wound slope vegetation according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: in the step 1, one side of the dike dam facing the slope surface is the inner side, and 0.30-0.50m of deep foreign soil is buried in the inner side of the dike dam; wherein the foreign soil is a mixture of crushed corn straw, river mud and fly ash according to the volume ratio of 1.
6. The method for rapidly repairing soilless wound slope vegetation according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the resistant high tree species planted in the step 2 according to regions and climates are one or more of pinus sylvestris, platycladus orientalis (highway landscape area), robinia pseudoacacia, poplar (ecological fragile area) apples and jujube trees.
7. The method for rapidly repairing soilless wound side slope vegetation according to claim 1, characterized in that: 3, burying additional soil in the wicker basket, and planting one or more of parthenocissus tricuspidata and euonymus fortunei in the basket according to regions and climates; wherein, the water-retaining agent and the alien soil are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1.
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