CN112400587A

CN112400587A - Large-area bare rock steep slope less-engineering multi-plant ecological restoration method

Info

Publication number: CN112400587A
Application number: CN202011293302.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 范鹤鸣
Original assignee: Hubei Sanhua Ecological Agricultural Technology Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Hubei Sanhua Ecological Agricultural Technology Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-11-18
Filing date: 2020-11-18
Publication date: 2021-02-26

Abstract

The invention relates to a large-area bare rock steep slope less-engineering multi-plant ecological restoration method, belonging to the field of ecological restoration methods. The ecological restoration method mainly comprises the steps of building a rubble retaining wall at the toe of a bare rock steep slope, filling organic fertilizer and foreign soil into the retaining wall, planting arbors and shrubs in the retaining wall, planting vines at the position close to the toe, and planting ecological restoration plants mainly comprising the vines. The ecological restoration method has the advantages of less construction amount, effective reduction of construction cost and good effect by utilizing the natural growth of plants to reform the environment.

Description

Large-area bare rock steep slope less-engineering multi-plant ecological restoration method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of ecological restoration methods, and particularly relates to a large-area bare rock steep slope less-engineering multi-plant ecological restoration method.

Background

Due to the rapid development of productivity and the desertification of environmental protection, in open mines, quarries, road construction and other places, due to the large construction disturbance area, mountain rock is exposed, large-area bare rock steep slopes are formed, geological disasters such as water and soil loss, slope collapse, debris flow and the like are easily induced, the safe production and the economic benefit are influenced, and the natural landscape is damaged.

The original abrupt slope protection method is mainly characterized in that the abrupt slope is fixed by hard engineering measures such as a grouted rubble retaining wall, concrete, supports, a platform arch, an anchor rod, a net, daub, color spraying or guniting covering slope protection and the like, and the ecological problem of the abrupt slope is not solved fundamentally while the engineering quantity is large. Meanwhile, because the protection measures are lack of protection, the natural environment is exposed for a long time, and the weathering and the falling are easy to cause potential safety hazards.

A novel steep slope ecological restoration method for planting herbaceous plants by covering soil on a steep slope surface after the steep slope surface is fixed by cement and a protective net is provided. The method has high requirement on the proportion of cement and planting soil, the slope surface can be adversely affected by too much or too little cement, and the construction method has high difficulty. Meanwhile, the thickness of the planting soil layer is limited, so that only herbaceous plants can be planted, and the environment improvement capability is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects of the existing large-area bare rock abrupt slope ecological restoration method, the large-area bare rock abrupt slope less-engineering multi-plant ecological restoration method is provided.

The method scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problem of the method is as follows:

a large-area bare rock abrupt slope less-engineering multi-plant ecological restoration method includes the steps of building a retaining wall with a certain height at a slope toe of a bare rock abrupt slope, filling planting bases in the retaining wall, planting trees at a certain plant spacing at the slope toe inside the retaining wall, planting shrubs below the trees, planting vines at the position close to the slope toe, and planting soil-fixing plants on the slope surface.

The height of the retaining wall is 1-3 meters.

And water seepage holes are reserved at the bottom of the stone retaining wall.

The planting base is a mixture of organic fertilizer and foreign soil.

The plant spacing of the arbor is 4-8 m.

The spacing between the lianas is 0.3-1 m.

The vine is barren-resistant, drought-resistant, fast-growing and strong climbing and climbing capacity vine such as nodose-rooted kudzu, wisteria, parthenocissus tricuspidata, mucuna sempervirens, ivy and the like.

The soil-fixing plants are plants with good adaptability and strong stress resistance, such as cogongrass, setaria viridis, wilting grass, pine trees, cypress trees, robinia pseudoacacia, amorpha fruticosa and the like.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: a stable vegetation structure protection system with ecological effect is established, and the arbor and shrub planting belt planted at the front lower part of the slope can play a role in slowing down and reducing the striking and scouring of wind power to the slope surface; the liana nodes take root and go up a crisscross protection network on the slope. In the ecological restoration method, the survival rate of trees and shrubs planted on the steep slope reaches 98%, the survival rate of vines and herbaceous plants is 100%, when the ecological restoration is carried out on the hard rock steep slope with the slope height of 25-45 m, the plant coverage rate can reach 40% in the current year of construction, and the steep slope can be completely covered in the second year. The vine is taken as the main part, a plurality of plants are reasonably combined to form the slope protection vegetation, the plants have rich colors along with the change of the season, the ecological benefit and the landscape effect are obvious, and beautiful and harmonious landscape is formed; the investment is less, the operation is simple and easy, and the effect is quick; the vegetation survival rate is high, the coverage area is large, the later-period management cost is low, and the vegetation system can be integrated with the surrounding environment, so that the vegetation system is lasting and stable; the method has the advantages that the slope body is effectively supported and reinforced, the vine plants are developed in root systems and large in coverage area, the slope surface can be completely covered in the shortest time, a protective network with developed roots and dense roots is formed on the slope surface, surface runoff is changed and slowed down, opposite-face impact and washing of rainwater are reduced, and the effects of preventing water and soil loss and greening and beautifying are achieved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-area bare rock steep slope less-engineering multi-plant ecological restoration method;

FIG. 2 is a top state diagram of a bare rock steep slope;

FIG. 3 is a bottom state diagram of a bare rock steep slope;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of the state of the bare rock steep slope center two years after the implementation of the ecological restoration method;

FIG. 5 is a bottom state diagram of a bare rock steep slope two years after the implementation of the ecological restoration method;

in the figure: 1-a sheet rock retaining wall; 2-planting base; 3-shrub; 4-arbor; 5-a vine plant; 6-soil-fixing plants.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.

Examples

As shown in fig. 2-3, the bare rock steep slope has large area, steep slope and loose texture, is easy to induce geological disasters such as water and soil loss, slope collapse, debris flow and the like, influences safe production and economic benefits and damages natural landscapes.

As shown in fig. 1, the large-area bare rock steep slope less-engineering multi-plant ecological restoration method is characterized in that a rubble retaining wall 1 with the height of about 2 meters is built at the slope toe of the bare rock steep slope according to the height and the width of an actual slope; the water seepage holes are reserved at the bottom of the stone retaining wall, so that redundant water in the soil wall can be seeped out, the influence on plant growth caused by excessive water content in soil can be prevented, and meanwhile, the water seepage speed can be reduced by the water seepage holes arranged at the bottom, and the soil nutrient loss caused by excessive water seepage can be prevented; a planting base 2 prepared by mixing organic fertilizer and foreign soil is filled in the retaining wall 1 to provide sufficient nutrients for plant growth; arbor 4 is planted on the inner side of the retaining wall 1 according to the plant spacing of 6 meters, and the arbor 4 is tall and big, so as to provide shielding for bottom plants, effectively ensure the normal growth of the plants at the toe of the slope, and simultaneously can be used as a street tree for decorating road greening; shorter shrubs, flowers and plants are planted below the arbor, so that erosion of rain and wind to slope toe soil is further reduced, and slope toe soil is fastened; planting vine 5 with fast growth speed and strong climbing capacity, such as kudzu, wisteria, parthenocissus tricuspidata, mucuna sempervirens, ivy and the like at a plant spacing of 0.5 m from the slope toe on the inner side of the retaining wall 1; soil-fixing plants 6 with good adaptability and strong stress resistance, such as cogongrass, setaria viridis, wilting grass, pine trees, cypress trees, robinia pseudoacacia, amorpha fruticosa and the like, are planted on the slope.

Specifically, the soil-fixing plant 6 in this embodiment can grow normally and stabilize the steep slope soil layer on the steep slope, meanwhile, the vine 5 at the toe of the slope grows along the nodus faciale and grows fast to the periphery, the growth rate can reach about 10 m per year on the slope, and the slope is planted with the soil-fixing plant 6 which is barren-resistant, drought-resistant, good in adaptability and strong in stress resistance, such as cogon grass, setaria viridis, wilted grass, pine, cypress, acacia, amorpha fruticosa, broussonetia papyrifera and the like. Arbor 4 of toe of slope department has played good guard action to liana 5, effectively promotes liana 5's survival rate, and liana 5's blade covers the soil layer, has slowed down rainwash and wind erosion, stabilizes the abrupt slope soil layer.

As shown in fig. 4-5, after implementing the large-area bare rock steep slope less-engineering multi-plant ecological restoration method for two years, the surface of the bare rock steep slope is completely covered by green plants, the survival rate of trees and shrubs reaches 98% in the implementation process of the method, the survival rate of vines and herbaceous plants is 100%, when ecological restoration is performed on a hard rock steep slope with the slope height of 25-45 meters, the plant coverage rate can reach 40% in the current year of construction, and the steep slope surface can be completely covered in the second year.

Therefore, the large-area bare rock steep slope few-engineering multi-plant ecological restoration method disclosed by the invention is low in construction difficulty, small in engineering quantity, remarkable in greening speed and greening effect, and obvious in advantages compared with the existing method. The method repairs the steep slope terrain by means of natural growth of plants, is environment-friendly, low in maintenance cost and large in greening area, and is very suitable for popularization in the steep slope zones of mountainous regions.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The large-area bare rock steep slope less-engineering multi-plant ecological restoration method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the soil retaining wall is built at the slope toe of the bare rock abrupt slope, a planting base is filled in the soil retaining wall, trees are planted at the slope toe inside the soil retaining wall according to a certain plant spacing, shrubs are planted below the trees, vines are planted at the slope toe according to a certain plant spacing, and soil-fixing plants are planted on the slope surface.

2. The large-area bare rock steep slope less-engineering multi-plant ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the height of the retaining wall is 1-3 meters.

3. The large-area bare rock steep slope less-engineering multi-plant ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the retaining wall is a rubble retaining wall, and water seepage holes are reserved in the bottom of the retaining wall.

4. The large-area bare rock steep slope less-engineering multi-plant ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the planting base is a mixture of organic fertilizer and foreign soil.

5. The large-area bare rock steep slope less-engineering multi-plant ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plant spacing of the arbor is 4-8 m.

6. The large-area bare rock steep slope less-engineering multi-plant ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the spacing between the lianas is 0.3-1 m.

7. The large-area bare rock steep slope less-engineering multi-plant ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vine includes kudzu, wisteria, Japanese creeper, Mucuna birdwoodiana and Hedera helix.

8. The large-area bare rock steep slope less-engineering multi-plant ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the soil-fixing plant is selected from Bombarus barbus, Setaria viridis, Verticillium wilfordii, pine tree, cypress, Robinia pseudoacacia, amorpha fruticosa and Broussonetia papyrifera.