CN114402850B - Construction method suitable for vegetation restoration of bare rock slope - Google Patents
Construction method suitable for vegetation restoration of bare rock slope Download PDFInfo
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- CN114402850B CN114402850B CN202210239281.0A CN202210239281A CN114402850B CN 114402850 B CN114402850 B CN 114402850B CN 202210239281 A CN202210239281 A CN 202210239281A CN 114402850 B CN114402850 B CN 114402850B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
- A01G25/167—Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
- E02D29/0275—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features cast in situ
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B11/00—Arrangements or adaptations of tanks for water supply
- E03B11/10—Arrangements or adaptations of tanks for water supply for public or like main water supply
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B7/00—Water main or service pipe systems
- E03B7/07—Arrangement of devices, e.g. filters, flow controls, measuring devices, siphons or valves, in the pipe systems
- E03B7/078—Combined units with different devices; Arrangement of different devices with respect to each other
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B7/00—Water main or service pipe systems
- E03B7/09—Component parts or accessories
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a construction method suitable for vegetation restoration of a bare rock slope, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps: s1: finishing a treatment area; before formal construction, trimming an area to be treated in a mode of combining machinery and manpower; s2: arranging a plant vine climbing net; s3: anchor rod construction: the method is implemented on a rock mass extra-steep slope surface of more than 75 degrees; drilling holes on the slope surface from top to bottom, determining the depth of the drilled holes according to lithology, fixing the self-spinning resin anchor rod in the drilled holes on the slope surface by cement slurry, and reserving a small part of the self-spinning resin anchor rod for hanging the galvanized gabion multi-dimensional netpen; s4: building a plant growth chamber and a gabion retaining wall to construct a system device, S5: filling matrix, S6: and (3) vegetation allocation, wherein drought resistance, barren resistance, high growth speed, strong germination capacity and strong covering capacity are required when dominant plant species are screened. The invention integrates slope protection, intelligent water collection, water storage and drip irrigation devices, matrix improvement and vegetation configuration; the repairing effect is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a comprehensive treatment technology for mine ecological environment, in particular to a construction method suitable for revegetation of bare rock slopes.
Background
China is a mountainous country, the area of mountainous regions accounts for about 70% of the whole territorial area, and the expansion of urban geographic space is objectively restricted. In recent years, along with the rapid urbanization process of China, the paradox of man and earth is intensified, and a series of ecological environment problems are associated. The urban expansion in mountain areas inevitably involves the excavation of mountain bodies, so that exposed rock slopes are formed, the hidden danger of geological disasters such as collapse and landslide is caused, and the urban attractiveness is influenced. Ecological restoration of high and steep rocky slopes becomes a great problem of ecological protection. Along with the damage of the vegetation of the mountain landscape, the mountain side slope is leaner, and the natural landscape self-restoration is greatly influenced, so that the near-natural plant landscape restoration must be performed on the side slope manually in order to beautify the environment, protect the diversity of plants and maintain the stability of an ecological system.
The current slope landscape greening measures in China mainly comprise two measures, namely engineering protection measures and vegetation slope protection measures. The traditional engineering protection measures are as follows: the slope surface is reinforced, the surface protection wall is plastered, grouted, concrete is sprayed, net hanging and spray seeding are carried out, and the like, so that the slope surface has the advantages that water and soil loss can be rapidly prevented, and the instability and erosion effects in the initial stage of slope surface construction are better reduced; the side slope has the defects that strength efficacy is excessively pursued, the beautiful scenery degree of the side slope can be reduced, the ecological system is not favorably restored, and the concrete is weathered due to wind, sunlight and rain along with the time, so that the later maintenance is more troublesome. And the effect of the engineering protection measures on greening landscape vegetation of the mountain and improving soil is not good, the effect brought by adopting the vegetation slope protection measures is opposite to the effect, the effect is weak at the beginning, but along with the growth of plants, the effect of reducing the instability and the erosion of the slope surface is more and more obvious. The vegetation slope protection measures are liquid spray seeding, ditching and grass planting, three-dimensional net greening and the like, and the vegetation slope protection measures have the advantages that the diversity of plants can be restored, and the ecological environment is protected; the disadvantage is that the plant root system only grows on the surface of the side slope and can not grow in deep soil, so the effect of protecting the side slope soil is not good; the used plants have more herbaceous plants and poor landscape persistence; in addition, for the side slope with almost vertical destruction surface, if no engineering measures are taken, the plant growth substrate is difficult to be attached to the slope surface, and the plant can not grow.
The current patents and research achievements are complex and diverse, only aim at partial problems of mine side slope ecological restoration, are too single in purpose, incomplete in restoration effect, poor in ecological performance, low in restoration rate, short in effect and the like, and cannot systematically solve the mine side slope ecological problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method which integrates slope protection, intelligent water collection, water storage and drip irrigation devices, matrix improvement and vegetation configuration and is suitable for vegetation restoration of bare rock slopes.
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a construction method suitable for vegetation restoration of a bare rock slope, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: finishing a treatment area; before formal construction, trimming an area to be treated in a mode of combining machinery and manpower;
s2: arranging a plant vine climbing net;
s3: anchor rod construction: the method is implemented on a rock quality ultra-steep slope surface which is larger than 75 degrees; drilling holes on the slope surface from top to bottom, determining the depth of the drilled holes according to lithology, fixing the self-spinning resin anchor rod in the drilled holes on the slope surface by cement slurry, and reserving a small part of the self-spinning resin anchor rod for hanging the galvanized gabion multi-dimensional netpen;
s4: building a plant growth chamber and a gabion retaining wall, and constructing a system device;
s5: filling a matrix: according to the difference of vegetation types and the required land conditions for growth, a renewable organic ecological culture medium is prepared in a planting groove of a plant growing room on the top of a slope;
s6: vegetation allocation and vegetation type screening are one of the most important links in vegetation restoration work. Therefore, when screening dominant plant species, drought resistance, barren resistance, high growth speed, strong germination capacity and covering capacity are required. 21 plants are preliminarily screened out through field investigation on the location of the project. Wherein shrubs or small trees can be planted in the slope top plant growth room, the shrubs can be selected from Elaeagnus pungens, tamarix chinensis, sabina vulgare, pistacia chinensis and Rosa multiflora, and the small trees can be selected from one or more of Mallotus japonicus, cyclobalanopsis glauca and Ephedra sinica; vine plants or shrubs can be planted in the multi-dimensional gabion galvanized slope net cage, the vine plants can be selected from herba Viticis negundo, herba Euphorbiae Humifusae, radix Seu caulis Parthenocissi Tricuspidatae, and herba Medicaginis, and the shrubs can be selected from one or more of Lespedeza virgata, caragana microphylla, amorpha fruticosa, and fructus Hippophae; the retaining wall of gabion on of slope foot can be selected from plants such as Hibiscus syriacus, albizzia julibrissin, quercus suber, mallotus japonicus, sapium sebiferum, etc.
Further, in the step S1, impurities and pumice on the slope surface are cleaned firstly, and meanwhile, the slope surface is smoothly finished under the condition that the original vegetation principle is kept as much as possible; after the trimmed slope surface is ensured to be flat and free of loose earthwork and stones, soil is evenly covered on the surface of the slope surface through a soil dressing method, and organic fertilizer is applied.
Further, S2: the plant climbing net covered on the surface of the slope body adopts a phi 3.5 plastic coated metal net, the distance between rivets is 2m, the climbing net is 30-50mm away from the wall surface, so that the plant in the galvanized gabion multidimensional net cage can grow towards the contact, and the plant can climb and grow towards the direction of the rocky side slope body through the climbing net along the self-rotating resin anchor rod.
Further, S3: wherein, the slope surface is drilled with holes with the diameter of 14mm upwards and downwards, the depth is determined according to lithology, and the resin anchor rod is rotated by cement slurry; fixed in the hole of the slope, leave one end and is used for hanging the galvanized gabion multidimensional cylinder mould; before hanging the cage, stirred nutrition Huang Nidian is arranged at the bottom of the cage position to be hung with the cage; the galvanized gabion multi-dimensional net cages are continuously and closely arranged one by one along the rock surface from bottom to top, and the galvanized gabion multi-dimensional net cages are firmly fixed by gaskets and matched nuts which are longer than meshes of the galvanized gabion multi-dimensional net cages when one galvanized gabion multi-dimensional net cage is hung; in the process of hanging the cages, various shrubs, vines and herbaceous plants suitable for local natural conditions are planted by fully utilizing gaps between the mountain micro-landform and the net cages.
Further, S4: one side of the multifunctional plant growth chamber built on the top of the slope is built with a slope cut-off ditch, and the cut-off ditch is built in a form of grouted block stone precast blocks and is used for intercepting surface water flowing to a slope body and a slope toe above the top of the slope and protecting an excavation slope and a filling slope toe from being washed by water flow; building a gabion retaining wall at a slope angle, and planting cuttage nursery stocks in the gabion retaining wall built at the slope angle; a photovoltaic power supply system and a wireless network terminal system are respectively erected on two sides of the outer wall of the slope top plant growing chamber, and a water collecting pool, a planting groove, an intelligent water tank, a main water pipeline, an activated carbon filter tank, a first water tank control unit, a second water tank control unit and a controllable water outlet are arranged in the multifunctional plant growing chamber; the intelligent water storage tank is positioned below the activated carbon filter tank; the main water pipeline is erected in each galvanized gabion multidimensional net cage and gabion retaining wall on the slope along the lower edge of the slope, and each graded temperature and humidity detector is distributed in each galvanized gabion multidimensional net cage and gabion retaining wall and used for detecting the external and internal conditions of vegetation growth in the net cage and carrying out automatic fixed-point water replenishing and atomizing spraying operation according to set parameters; the photovoltaic power supply system consists of a solar cell module and a storage battery; the solar cell module is a core part in the power supply system of the device, provides energy power for the whole device and stores redundant electric quantity in the storage battery; the wireless network terminal system is in wireless communication with the cloud server through the wireless communication module, and the cloud server is in communication connection with the remote monitoring terminal.
Furthermore, the water collecting tank is positioned above the planting groove, and a plurality of water collecting grooves communicated with the groove openings of the planting groove are formed on the top surface of the body of the water collecting tank; meanwhile, the side walls of the two sides of the planting groove are made of novel permeable composite materials; wherein the activated carbon filter tank is positioned at the upper part of the planting tank and is arranged at the terminal point position of the lower edges of the side walls at the two sides of the water collecting tank; wherein, a first humidity sensor and a second humidity sensor are arranged at two sides of the planting groove body, and the intelligent water storage tank comprises a first water tank control unit and a second water tank control unit; a first temperature and humidity detector, a second temperature and humidity detector, a first control valve, a second control valve and a controllable water outlet are arranged in the intelligent water storage tank, and the controllable water outlet is externally connected with a main water pipeline;
when a temperature and humidity detector positioned at the lower part in the plant growth chamber senses that the humidity of the substrate is lower than a normal value, a small hole channel on the side wall of the planting groove is opened, and rainwater filtered by the filter groove enters the planting groove to relieve the drought condition of the substrate of the planting groove; the activated carbon filter tanks are positioned on two sides of the upper part of the planting tank, the height of the activated carbon filter tanks is lower than the side wall of the planting tank, so that rainwater in the water collecting tank cannot enter the plant growing chamber through flood irrigation, activated carbon filter materials are filled in the activated carbon filter tanks and are used for filtering free matters, microorganisms and partial heavy metal ions in the rainwater, removing macromolecular organic matters, iron oxides and residual chlorine, and effectively reducing the chromaticity of the rainwater;
when a first temperature and humidity detector in the first water tank control unit detects that the humidity of a soil matrix set by a slope body and slope base vegetation is lower than a standard set value, the first water tank control unit starts a first control valve to supplement water in time, a second water tank control unit is positioned on the right side of the planting groove and is used for temporarily collecting and storing water in rainy seasons, and when a second temperature and humidity detector in the second water tank control unit detects that the second water tank control unit lacks water, the second control valve is opened to supplement water; when the temperature and humidity detector detects that the environmental temperature of the plant growth in the slope top planting groove is lower than a normal set temperature value, the automatic spraying unit extending out of the pipe wall of the secondary water pipe is started, and the vegetation in the seedling raising area is sprayed irregularly through atomization spraying measures.
Further, the main water pipeline is made of a ppr polyurethane insulation pipe material; so that when the autumn and winter season is adopted, the main water pipeline can realize fixed-point water supplement according to requirements.
Furthermore, the plant growth substrate per cubic meter in the mixed substrate in the planting groove is prepared by carrying out thin film planting on organic waste at a ratio of 0.25-0.3m, carrying out thin film planting on vermiculite at a ratio of 0.05-0.1m, carrying out thin film planting on peat soil at a ratio of 0.25-0.4m, carrying out thin film planting on perlite at a ratio of 0.1-0.2m, and carrying out thin film planting on the substrate after fermentation, and adding 0.25-0.3kg of a water-retaining agent into the substrate to form the renewable organic ecological cultivation substrate.
Furthermore, the plurality of water collecting grooves are radially arranged at intervals by taking the notch of the planting groove as a center, the top surface of the water collecting tank body is formed into a conical surface gradually reducing towards the axial diameter of the bottom surface of the water collecting tank body, the planting notch of the plant growing chamber is formed at the top point of the conical surface, the plurality of water collecting grooves extend along the direction of a generatrix of the conical surface, and the included angle between the generatrix of the conical surface and the top surface of the water collecting tank body is 30-60 degrees.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the operation is scientific, the intelligent integration is realized, the production management is convenient, and the stable state of the mine side slope is improved systematically.
2. The integrated operations of fixed-point, timed water replenishing, atomized spraying and the like on the vegetation on the mine slope are realized, the growth and development conditions of the plants are adjusted, and the small environment for the growth of the plants is optimized.
3. The greening effect of the slope top, the slope body and the slope toe to a certain extent can be realized, the restoration is comprehensive, the restoration effect and the ecology are high, the restoration rate is high, and the ecological problem of the mine side slope is solved to a certain extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vegetation restoration system for bare rock slopes;
wherein: 1. evergreen arbor and shrub vegetation; 2. a plant growing chamber; 217. a main water pipeline; 4. a self-spinning resin anchor rod; 5. vines, climbing vegetation; 6, galvanizing gabion multidimensional net cages; cutting vegetation; 8. gabion retaining wall
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a plant growth chamber;
wherein: 201. a solar panel; 202. a column; 203, a storage battery; 204. a wireless network terminal system; 205. a water collecting tank; 206, planting a groove; 207. Mixing the matrix; 208. an activated carbon filter tank 209, a first temperature and humidity detector; 210. a first humidity sensor; a first tank control unit; 212. a second temperature and humidity detector; 213. a second humidity sensor; 214. a second tank control unit; 215. a first control valve; a second control valve; 217. a main water pipeline.
FIG. 3 is a schematic elevation view of a plant growth chamber;
FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of a sump;
wherein: 205. a water collecting tank; 20501. a groove; 20502. a water collection tank;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a cut-off basin;
wherein: 9. m7.5 mortar; 10. MU10 brick.
Figure 6 is a schematic cross-section of a plant climbing net.
Wherein: 11. phi 3.5, coating a plastic metal net; 12. rivet drawing.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, which will be understood as being illustrative only and not limiting in scope. It should be noted that as used in the following description, the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "upper" and "lower" refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
As shown in fig. 1-4, in the construction method for recovering vegetation on bare rock slopes of this embodiment, a hole is drilled on a rock steep slope surface with a slope greater than 75 ° (the hole cannot be drilled on easily loosened rocks), and a spin resin anchor rod 4 is embedded; the self-spinning resin anchor rod 4 is hung with a galvanized gabion multi-dimensional mesh cage 6, the galvanized gabion multi-dimensional mesh cage 6 is filled with prefabricated growth promoting blocks, the growth promoting blocks are formed by bonding and pressing plant fibers, an adhesive, a water-retaining agent, an organic fertilizer, planting soil and the like, and plant seeds or planted plants are sown in the growth promoting blocks; and building a multifunctional plant growth chamber 2 on the top of the slope, planting evergreen shrub plants 1 in the multifunctional planting groove, wherein the plant growth chamber 2 has the functions of water collection, water storage and irrigation.
The method comprises the steps of drilling holes in an earth bearing area of an extra-steep bare rock slope with the gradient larger than 75 degrees, embedding a self-spinning resin anchor rod (a resin anchoring agent is placed at the front end of the self-spinning resin anchor rod, resin is pressurized and stirred and extruded in the installation process of the self-spinning resin anchor rod to enable the resin anchoring agent to be filled with spinning threads, the resin anchoring agent and the spinning threads play an anchoring role together), and enabling the self-spinning resin anchor rod to extend out of the slope body by a distance of 0.8-1m and form an inner angle of 45 degrees with the slope body. After the self-spinning resin anchor rod is driven into a rock mass, a galvanized gabion multi-dimensional net cage is hooked at the outer end part of the self-spinning resin anchor rod, wherein the galvanized gabion multi-dimensional net cage is mainly in an irregular hexagon or a convex polygon; the dimension specification is as follows: the length of the long diameter (side) is 0.8-1.2m, and the length of the short diameter (side) is 0.5-0.8m. Irregular growth promoting blocks are filled in the galvanized gabion multidimensional net cage, the growth promoting blocks are formed by mixing and pressing turf, brassin, a water-retaining agent, ecological cement, ground soil of plant root systems and an adhesive, and the plant root systems can be induced to grow in a non-directional mode (due to the fact that plants have the characteristic of contact growth, the plants can grow from the lower portion of the galvanized gabion multidimensional net cage and climb and grow towards the direction of a slope along a self-spinning resin anchor rod). The zinc-plated gabion multidimensional net cage can be used for planting liana or shrub, the liana can be selected from herba Viticis negundo, herba Euphorbiae Humifusae, radix Seu caulis Parthenocissi Tricuspidatae, herba Medicaginis, and the shrub can be selected from one or more of Lespedeza virgata, caragana microphylla, amorpha fruticosa, fructus Hippophae, etc.
The surface of the slope body can be covered with a plant vine climbing net, the vine climbing net is a metal net coated with plastic with the diameter of 3.5 mm, the rivet is fixed on the slope surface at the rivet interval of 2m, and the climbing net is 30-50mm away from the wall surface, so that the plant in the galvanized gabion multidimensional net cage can grow towards the touch, and the plant can climb and grow towards the direction of the rocky slope body along the self-rotating resin anchor rod.
One side of the slope top plant growth chamber 2 is built with a slope top intercepting ditch, and the intercepting ditch is built in a form of grouted block stone precast blocks and is used for intercepting surface water flowing to a slope body and a slope toe above the slope top and protecting an excavation slope and a filling slope toe from being washed by water flow; building the gabion retaining wall 8 at the slope angle, wherein the gabion retaining wall 8 plays a role in drainage, finely-broken humus soil can be spread in gaps of the retaining wall, the humus soil is filled in the holes of the exposed wall body of the gabion, and nursery stocks can be planted in the holes. Finally, when all levels of temperature and humidity detectors arranged on the plant growth chamber 2 at the top of the slope, the galvanized gabion multidimensional netpen 6 at the top of the slope and the gabion retaining wall 8 detect that the temperature and the humidity required by the growth of corresponding plants are lower than normal set values, all levels of drippers and spraying units can be started to carry out corresponding water replenishing and spraying operation, and the vegetation re-greening effect of the top of the rocky slope, the top of the slope and the bottom of the slope to a certain extent is achieved by relatively simple maintenance management means.
As shown in figure 3, the intercepting ditch is positioned at the top of the slope and is built in a form of precast blocks of grouted blockstones 9 and used for intercepting surface water flowing to a slope body and a slope toe above the top of the slope and protecting an excavation slope and a filling slope toe from being washed by water flow.
As shown in fig. 2, the plant growth chamber system: the plant growth chamber 2 is positioned at the top of a slope (the inner side of a cut-off ditch), is built by concrete and comprises five parts, namely a water collecting tank 2-5, a planting groove 2-6, a main water pipeline 2-17, a solar power supply unit 2-1 and a wireless network terminal 2-4; the water collecting tank 2-5 is positioned above the planting tank 2-6, a plurality of water collecting tanks communicated with the notches of the planting tanks are formed on the top surface of the water collecting tank body, the water collecting tanks are radially arranged at intervals by taking the planting notches of the plant growth chamber 2 as the center, the top surface of the water collecting tank body is formed into a conical surface gradually reducing towards the axial diameter of the bottom surface of the water collecting tank body, the planting notches of the plant growth chamber are formed at the top point of the conical surface, the water collecting tanks extend along the bus direction of the conical surface, and the included angle between the bus of the conical surface and the top surface of the water collecting tank body is 30-60 degrees;
the planting groove 2-6 is positioned under the water collecting tank 2-5 and comprises a planting groove 2-6, an active carbon filter tank 2-8, an intelligent water storage tank and a controllable water outlet.
Carrying out thin film planting on each cubic meter of plant growth matrix in the planting grooves 2-6 according to the proportion that organic waste is 0.25-0.3m, carrying out thin film planting on vermiculite 0.05-0.1m, carrying out thin film planting on peat soil 0.25-0.4m, carrying out thin film planting on perlite 0.1-0.2m, fermenting the matrix, adding 0.25-0.3kg of a water-retaining agent, forming a renewable organic ecological planting matrix, simultaneously, the side walls on the two sides of the planting grooves 2-6 are made of a novel permeable composite material, when the humidity detector at the lower part in a plant growth chamber senses that the humidity of the matrix is lower than a normal value, opening pore channels of the side walls of the planting grooves, and allowing rainwater filtered by the filter grooves to enter the planting grooves to relieve the drought condition of the matrix of the planting grooves; the activated carbon filter tanks are positioned on two sides of the upper part of the planting tank, the height of the activated carbon filter tanks is lower than the side wall of the planting tank, so that rainwater in the water collecting tank cannot enter the plant growing chamber through flood irrigation, activated carbon filter materials are filled in the activated carbon filter tanks and are used for filtering free matters, microorganisms and partial heavy metal ions in the rainwater, removing macromolecular organic matters, iron oxides and residual chlorine, and effectively reducing the chromaticity of the rainwater; the intelligent water storage tank is located below the activated carbon filter tank and comprises two water tank control units, the first water tank control unit is located on the left side of the planting tank, when a first temperature and humidity detector in the first water tank control unit detects a slope body and the humidity of a soil matrix set by slope base vegetation is lower than a standard set value, the first water tank control unit starts a first valve to replenish water in time, the second water tank control unit is located on the right side of the planting tank and used for temporary water collection and storage in rainy seasons, when a second detector in the second water tank control unit detects that the first water tank control unit is short of water, a second control valve can be opened to replenish water. Meanwhile, when the temperature and humidity detector detects that the environmental temperature of the plant growth in the slope top planting groove is lower than a normal set temperature value, the automatic spraying unit extending out of the secondary water pipe wall is started, irregular spraying protection is carried out on vegetation in a seedling growing area through an atomizing spraying measure, atomized water drops form a water mist layer and a micro water drop layer on the plant, so that the air humidity is increased, the ultraviolet intensity reaching the surface of the plant is weakened through the refraction and reflection effects of a large number of water drops, and the protection effect is achieved; the controllable water outlet is connected with the main water pipeline, and a first control valve is arranged at the connecting port and is connected with a first temperature and humidity detector in the first water tank control unit;
the main water pipeline is made of a ppr polyurethane heat-insulating pipe material, so that water can be supplemented to the main water pipeline at fixed points as required during autumn and winter; the solar power supply unit consists of a solar cell module and a storage battery. The solar cell module is a core part in the power supply system of the device, provides energy power for the whole device, and stores redundant electric quantity in the storage battery; the storage battery can store redundant electric energy of the solar cell module after the solar cell module meets basic operation of the device during illumination, and release the electric energy to continuously provide energy power when needed; the wireless network terminal is in wireless communication with the cloud server through the wireless communication module, and the cloud server is in communication connection with the remote monitoring terminal.
Meanwhile, a main water pipe (phi 50) of a slope top plant growth chamber extends downwards along the slope body and is erected through a galvanized gabion multidimensional net cage, corresponding secondary water pipes (phi 25) extend out of the main water pipe of the galvanized gabion multidimensional net cage respectively, dripping holes are formed in the pipe wall of each secondary water pipe, when growth promoting block culture substrates are lower than a humidity set value for normal growth of plants, all levels of temperature and humidity detectors attached to the growth promoting block culture substrates send water replenishing signals to an intelligent water storage tank of the slope top planting groove, a first temperature and humidity detector in the intelligent water storage tank starts a first valve to open a gate and drain water, and the corresponding secondary water pipe dripping holes can replenish water timely. Simultaneously, when the humiture detection instrument detects that the plant growth ambient temperature in the zinc-plated gabion multidimension cylinder mould is less than normal settlement temperature value, the automatic spraying unit that extends out on the secondary water pipe wall will start, spray the measure through the atomizing and carry out the aperiodic spraying protection to the district vegetation of growing seedlings, the atomizing water droplet is formed into water mist layer, little water droplet layer on the plant to this increases air humidity, and borrow refraction, the reflex action by a large amount of water droplets, weaken the ultraviolet intensity who reachs the plant surface, play the guard action.
The stone cage retaining wall is built at the slope toe to play a role in drainage, finely-divided humus soil is spread in gaps of the retaining wall, the humus soil is filled in holes of the exposed wall body of the stone cage, seedlings can be planted in the holes, and the seedlings can be selected from plants such as hibiscus hamabo, albizia julibrissin, cork oak, mallotus japonicus, chinese tallow and the like.
The application effect of the exposed rock slope vegetation recovery system of the embodiment is as follows:
the system is applied to the EPC general contract project of Fenhe source mine geological environment treatment (first period) in Ningwu county, accepted by Meihua ecological environment science and technology Limited, various single technologies and technology combinations are adopted according to local conditions, the growth characteristics of mine plants are highlighted, vegetation recovery is carried out on vegetation damaged areas caused by mine exploitation, the average vegetation coverage rate of the treated areas is enabled to reach more than 60% through comprehensive vegetation recovery, and near-natural ecological treatment is realized.
Before treatment
Before treatment, the bare wall of the bare rock of the side slope is formed, a rock surface is provided with a large number of cracks due to blasting operation, surface layer depressions are rich and roughness is high, meanwhile, the surface layer of part of the rock is seriously weathered, part of the surface layer is provided with pumice, and part of the slope surface is unstable due to the local slope toe of a mining plane formed by mining operation; the vegetation coverage of the slope is lower than 10%, so that the slope rock stratum is greatly influenced by the weathering effect. Slope stability analysis is carried out by a red plano projection method and a limit balance method, stability coefficients are all between 0.75 and 1.06, and the whole slope body is in an unstable or under-stable state.
After treatment
After treatment, the slope top dangerous rock mass, the trailing edge tension fracture and the broken slope rock mass are all removed, the slope inclination angle is slowed down, and the whole slope body is in a basically stable state. The vegetation coverage of the slope can reach more than 60 percent, and the species can reach more than 5; the exposed area of the slope is greatly reduced, and the weathering rate is reduced.
Technical parameter comparison table before and after implementation
Through the implementation of falling to the ground of this technique, the dangerous rock mass of former slope body is clear away, and the holistic stability of slope body promotes by a wide margin, and the vegetation coverage of the slope body is promoted more than 60% from original less than 10%, and the holistic ecological effect of slope body and community structure all promote and improve by a wide margin, have formed the ecosystem of relative stability, have played certain improvement effect to the promotion of peripheral microclimate environment. The specific parameter change conditions before and after treatment are shown in the following table:
| parameter name | Technical parameters before treatment | Can realize technical parameters after treatment |
| Dangerous rock mass of slope | More than or equal to 1 group, has great potential safety hazard | 0 group, no potential safety hazard |
| Slope of slope | Not less than 75 degrees and severe weathering of adverse slope part | Not more than 75 degrees, without reverse slope |
| Coefficient of stability of slope | Between 0.75 and 1.05,the whole slope body is under-stable A steady or unstable state. | Not less than 1.15, in a stable state |
| State and rate of slope weathering | Moderate and strong weathering conditions, exposure to sunlight, rainfall and wind erosion and the like, and the weathering rate is high. | Moderate and weak states of efflorescence, due to vegetation coverage and shade And the weathering rate of the rock mass is slow. |
| Vegetation coverage of slope | Less than 5%, even no vegetation cover. | ≥60% |
| Number of species on the slope | Less than or equal to 3 kinds, mainly comprising herbs. | Not less than 5 species, and is a shrub and herb composite ecological community structure. |
The technical means disclosed in the scheme of the invention are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include the technical means formed by any combination of the above technical features.
Claims (6)
1. A construction method suitable for vegetation restoration of a bare rock slope is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: finishing a treatment area; before formal construction, trimming an area to be treated in a mode of combining machinery and manpower;
s2: arranging a plant vine climbing net;
s3: anchor rod construction: the method is implemented on a rock quality ultra-steep slope surface which is larger than 75 degrees; drilling a hole on the slope surface from top to bottom, determining the depth of the drilled hole according to lithology, fixing a self-spinning resin anchor rod in the drilled hole on the slope surface by cement slurry, and reserving a small part of multi-dimensional netpen for hanging galvanized gabions;
in the step S3, a hole with the diameter of 18mm is drilled on the slope surface from top to bottom, the depth is determined according to lithology, the self-spinning resin anchor rod is fixed in the hole of the slope surface by cement slurry, and one end of the self-spinning resin anchor rod is reserved for hanging the galvanized gabion multi-dimensional net cage; before hanging the cage, stirred nutrition Huang Nidian is arranged at the bottom of the cage position to be hung with the cage; the galvanized gabion multi-dimensional net cages are continuously and closely arranged one by one along the rock surface from bottom to top, and the galvanized gabion multi-dimensional net cages are firmly fixed by gaskets and matched nuts which are longer than meshes of the galvanized gabion multi-dimensional net cages when one galvanized gabion multi-dimensional net cage is hung; in the process of hanging the cages, various shrubs, vines and herbaceous plants suitable for local natural conditions are planted by fully utilizing gaps between the mountain micro-landform and the net cages;
s4: building a plant growth chamber and a gabion retaining wall;
in the S4: a plant growth chamber (2) is built on the top of the slope, a slope top intercepting ditch is built on one side of the plant growth chamber (2) on the top of the slope, and the intercepting ditch is built in a mortar masonry block stone precast block mode and is used for intercepting surface water flowing to a slope body and a slope foot above the top of the slope and protecting an excavation slope and a filling slope foot from being washed by water flow; building a gabion retaining wall (8) at a slope angle, and planting cuttage vegetation (7) in the slope angle building gabion retaining wall (8); a photovoltaic system and a wireless network terminal system (204) are respectively erected in a groove (20501) of a slope top plant growing chamber (2), and a water collecting tank (205), a planting tank (206), an intelligent water tank, a main water pipeline (217), an activated carbon filter tank (208), a first water tank control unit, a second water tank control unit (211, 214) and a controllable water outlet are arranged in the plant growing chamber (2); the intelligent water storage tank is positioned below the activated carbon filter tank (208); the main water pipeline (217) is erected in each galvanized gabion multi-dimensional netpen and gabion retaining wall on the slope along the lower edge of the slope, and each graded temperature and humidity detector is distributed in each galvanized gabion multi-dimensional netpen (6) and gabion retaining wall (8) and used for detecting the external and internal conditions of the vegetation in the netpen (6) and carrying out automatic fixed-point water replenishing and atomized spraying operation according to set parameters; the photovoltaic system consists of a solar panel (201) and a storage battery (203); the solar panel (201) is a core part in a power supply system, provides energy power and stores redundant electric quantity in the storage battery (203); the wireless network terminal system (204) is in wireless communication with the cloud server through the wireless communication module, and the cloud server is in communication connection with the remote monitoring terminal; wherein the water collecting tank (205) is positioned above the planting groove (206), and a plurality of water collecting grooves communicated with the groove opening of the planting groove (206) are formed on the top surface of the body of the water collecting tank (205); meanwhile, the side walls of the two sides of the planting groove (206) are made of novel permeable composite materials; wherein the activated carbon filter tank (208) is positioned at the upper part of the planting tank (206) and is arranged at the terminal position of the lower edge of the side wall at both sides of the water collecting tank (205); wherein, a first humidity sensor (210) and a second humidity sensor (213) are arranged at two sides of the planting groove (206), and the intelligent water storage tank comprises a first water tank control unit and a second water tank control unit (211, 214); a first temperature and humidity detector (209), a second temperature and humidity detector (212), a first control valve (215), a second control valve (216) and a controllable water outlet are arranged in the intelligent water storage tank, and the controllable water outlet is externally connected with a main water pipeline (217); the first water tank control unit (211) is located on the left side of the planting groove (206), when a first temperature and humidity detector (209) in the first water tank control unit (211) detects that the humidity of soil matrix set by slope body and slope foot vegetation is lower than a standard set value, the first water tank control unit (211) starts a first control valve (215) to replenish water in time, a second water tank control unit (214) is located on the right side of the planting groove (206) and used for temporary water collection and storage in rainy seasons, and when a second temperature and humidity detector (212) in the second water tank control unit (214) detects that the first water tank control unit (211) is lack of water, the second control valve (216) is opened to replenish water; when the temperature and humidity detector detects that the environmental humidity of the plant growth in the slope top planting groove is lower than a normal set humidity value, the automatic spraying unit extending out of the pipe wall of the secondary water pipe is started, and the vegetation in the seedling growing area is sprayed irregularly through an atomizing spraying measure;
s5: filling a matrix: preparing a renewable organic ecological culture medium in a planting groove of a plant growing chamber on the top of a slope according to the type of vegetation and different conditions of a field required by growth;
s6: and (3) vegetation allocation, wherein drought resistance, barren resistance, high growth speed, strong germination and covering power are required when dominant plant species are screened.
2. The construction method suitable for the vegetation restoration of the bare rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, firstly, impurities and pumice on the slope surface are cleaned, and meanwhile, the slope surface is smoothly finished under the principle that the original vegetation is kept as much as possible; after the trimmed slope surface is ensured to be flat and free of loose earthwork and stones, soil is evenly covered on the surface of the slope surface through a soil dressing method, and organic fertilizer is applied.
3. The construction method suitable for the vegetation restoration of the bare rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: the main water pipeline (217) is made of a ppr polyurethane insulation pipe material.
4. The construction method suitable for the vegetation restoration of the bare rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S5, the plant growth substrates per cubic meter are prepared from 0.25-0.3m of organic wastes, 0.05-0.1m of vermiculite, 0.25-0.4m of peat soil and 0.1-0.2m of perlite, and the water-retaining agents are added into the substrates after fermentation for carrying out thin film cultivation, so that the renewable organic ecological cultivation substrate is formed.
5. The construction method suitable for revegetation of bare rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water collecting grooves (20502) are radially arranged at intervals by taking the notch of the planting groove (206) as the center, the top surface of the body of the water collecting tank (205) is formed into a conical surface gradually reducing towards the axial diameter of the bottom surface of the body, the planting notch of the plant growing chamber is formed at the vertex of the conical surface, the water collecting grooves (20502) extend along the direction of a generatrix of the conical surface, and the included angle between the generatrix of the conical surface and the top surface of the water collecting tank body is 30-60 degrees.
6. The construction method suitable for the vegetation restoration of the bare rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the S6, vegetation species screening is one of the most important links in vegetation recovery work; therefore, when screening dominant plant species, drought resistance, barren resistance, high growth speed, strong germination capacity and covering capacity are required.
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| CN102518132A (en) * | 2012-01-09 | 2012-06-27 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Tensioned self-locking umbrella type anchor and soil slope reinforcement method |
| CN206635782U (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-11-14 | 三峡大学 | Slope vegetation restoration structure |
| CN206728802U (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-12-12 | 三峡大学 | Multipurpose slope vegetation restoration structure |
| AU2019101438A4 (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2020-01-23 | China Institute Of Water Resources And Hydropower Research | Stress and deformation adjustable inner anchor head of unbonded prestressed anchor cable |
| CN212255317U (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-12-29 | 深圳市中装市政园林工程有限公司 | Rock slope ecological remediation artificial vegetation succession system |
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