CN102498911B - Refuse dump protection vegetation method - Google Patents
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- CN102498911B CN102498911B CN 201110371291 CN201110371291A CN102498911B CN 102498911 B CN102498911 B CN 102498911B CN 201110371291 CN201110371291 CN 201110371291 CN 201110371291 A CN201110371291 A CN 201110371291A CN 102498911 B CN102498911 B CN 102498911B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a refuse dump protection vegetation method, which comprises the following steps that: 1) side slope grass planting: culture nutritive soil is paved on a platform of a refuse dump, grass seedlings are cultured in the culture nutritive soil, the sprouted seedling and the culture nutritive soil are collectively moved to side slopes to be watered to grow; and 2) platform tree planting: a high vegetation protection zone, a middle vegetation protection zone and a low vegetation protection zone are sequentially planted on the platform after the culture nutritive culture soil is moved from inside to outside at intervals. The grass seedling is cultured on the platform, and then the grass seedling is moved to the side slope together with the culture nutritive soil, so the technical problem that the grass planting on the side slope is difficult can be solved; and at the same time, the high, the middle and the low vegetation protection zones are planted on the platform, so the wind resistance can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the refuse dump means of defence, particularly relate to a kind of refuse dump means of defence by the plantation vegetation.
Background technology
Refuse dump, urban fringe colliery can be described as a huge malignant tumor of can't get rid of of urban environment, it is the negative effect that is difficult to avoid that the colliery exploitation brings, in a single day number can not get effectively controlling in hundred million sides' refuse dump, will make urban environment be subject to devastating impact.The contradiction that grows with each passing day in order to solve this has been taked a lot of measures, and its effective measures are planting trees and grass, yet special shape and the characteristics in refuse dump make planting trees and grass be difficult to realize.
Most refuse dump is the shape of step, and terrace part is more easily realized 25 meters left and right planting trees and grass; Side slope part is 70-80 degree angle 15 meters left and right, if especially water moisture evaporation on the low side in the arid area fast, if pouring is laid particular stress on and easily formed free flow and finally be the gully shape, be difficult to realize planting trees and grass.Some schemes are to dig pit on platform, bury the basket cultivation and plant trees, and then the company's of tree basket together are transplanted on side slope, and its shortcoming is to dig pit on the side slope of originally just loosening, and more destroys domatic.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to solve the deficiency of above-mentioned technology, a kind of refuse dump protection vegetation method is provided.The invention provides by cultivate careless seedling on platform, then together move on side slope together with cultivating Nutrition Soil, to solve the technology prejudice of side slope grass planting difficulty, the height of planting on platform simultaneously, middle height and low three layers of vegetative protection band can effectively strengthen wind resistance.
In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme provided by the present invention is: a kind of refuse dump protection vegetation method, it comprises the following steps: 1) side slope grass planting: lay on the platform of refuse dump and cultivate Nutrition Soil, cultivate careless seedling in cultivating Nutrition Soil, the seedling that grows is moved on side slope together with cultivating Nutrition Soil, and watering to cultivate grows up to; 2) platform is planted trees: on the platform of removing after cultivating Nutrition Soil from the inside to the outer of the platform high vegetative protection band of interval plantation successively, high vegetative protection band and low vegetative protection band.
Further, in the method for cultivating the careless seedling of cultivation on Nutrition Soil be: the first cultivation on Nutrition Soil broadcasted sowing grass seeds, then covers one deck fine earth, lays nonwoven on the fine earth layer, carries out periodicity and waters, and cultivates namely to grow up in 30-40 days.
Further, between described high vegetative protection band and middle high vegetative protection band and in interval 5-8m respectively between high vegetative protection band and low vegetative protection band.
Further, the platform gap grass planting after tree planting.
Further, the laying depth of described cultivation Nutrition Soil is 15-30mm.
Further, the fine earth thickness of described covering is 3-5mm.
Further, described cultivation Nutrition Soil is mainly mixed by the agricultural crop straw of pulverizing, ground surface soil, humus and the fertilizer of refuse dump, expands and the bonding one that is after executing water.
Further, described grass is the tippet grass.
Further, described high-rise vegetative protection band is willow, and described middle high vegetative protection band is pinus sylvestris var. mongolica or dragon spruce, and described low layer vegetative protection band is sea-buckthorn or salix monogolica.
Adopt technique scheme, technique effect of the present invention has:
Method provided by the invention; can solve the technology prejudice of refuse dump side slope grass planting difficulty; the not broken also native face of side slope of grass planting process; multiple vegetation is staggered simultaneously; can administer casting city harm, form when protecting city ring green screen; can also form the collection ecological construction, go sightseeing, the urban look of natural harmony, humane bright characteristic, simultaneously still.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the vegetation of the present invention schematic diagram of arranging;
Wherein: 1 side slope, 2 platforms, 3 cultivate Nutrition Soils, 4 high vegetative protection bands, high vegetative protection band in 5,6 low vegetative protection bands.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with being described further as figure:
Vegetation of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1 arranged, pass through to cultivate Nutrition Soil grass planting 3 on side slope 1, set gradually from the inside to surface high vegetative protection band, middle high vegetative protection band and low vegetative protection band on platform 2, and the tree crown part layer of high vegetative protection band 4, middle high vegetative protection band 5 and low vegetative protection band 6 is high, medium and low staggered, mutually make up and form green windproof barrier, namely eminence is that the tree crown of high vegetative protection band, tree crown, the lower that the middle part is middle high vegetative protection band are low vegetative protection band branches and leaves.
Concrete implantation methods embodiment one:
Step 1) is the side slope grass planting: laying depth is that 15-30mm cultivates Nutrition Soil on the platform 2 of refuse dump, broadcast sowing grass seeds on the cultivation Nutrition Soil, then cover the fine earth that a layer thickness is 3-5mm, lay nonwoven on the fine earth layer, be used for moisturizing and uniformly penetrating, carrying out periodically watering cultivation namely grew up to approximately children's grass of 12-18cm in 30-40 days; At this moment, the cultivation Nutrition Soil after suction expands and is bonded as one, and the seedling that grows is moved on side slope 1 together with cultivating Nutrition Soil, waters to cultivate and namely realizes the side slope grass planting.
Step 2) be that platform is planted trees: interval plantation high vegetative protection band, middle high vegetative protection band and low vegetative protection band successively from inside outwards on the platform of removing after cultivating Nutrition Soil; High vegetative protection band wherein is the willow of the 3 above staggered plantations of row, and middle high vegetative protection band is pinus sylvestris var. mongolica or the dragon spruce of the three above staggered plantations of row, and low layer vegetative protection band is sea-buckthorn or salix monogolica or other perennial shrubs; Between high vegetative protection band and middle high vegetative protection band and in interval 5-8m respectively between high vegetative protection band and low vegetative protection band.
Concrete implantation methods embodiment two:
Be with the difference of embodiment one, when cultivating careless seedling in step 1) on platform 2, cultivate Nutrition Soil and be set to two sections, lean on one section inner bottom that moves to side slope, one section outer top that moves to slope is to raise the efficiency; With step 2) in plant grass planting on platform 2 vacant lots after protective belt, further improve green percentage, the minimizing water and soil loss.
In the solution of the present invention, cultivation Nutrition Soil used is mainly mixed by the agricultural crop straw of pulverizing, ground surface soil, humus and the fertilizer of refuse dump, fertilizer can be the common npk fertilizer that is used for vegetation etc., agricultural crop straw or other the vegetable fiber pulverized are spongy, can expand after suction, and can bondingly be one by soil, further improve globality in conjunction with the nonwoven of laying, to realize that the cultivation Nutrition Soil that will give birth to the careless blanket formula of children moves on side slope 1, lay the single-block area of cultivating Nutrition Soil and determined flexibly by construction environment.
The present invention is particularly useful for the refuse dump, colliery of arid area.
in addition, the present invention is the demand for development according to the modern city environmental improvement, on the basis with reference to the management experience of going together both at home and abroad, carried out strategic depth formula thinking on the thinking that develops overall improvement, avoided the simple governance model of only administering for improvement in the past, that is exactly constantly to utilize a large amount of maintenance funds to do comprehensive improvement, not only make refuse dump after improvement become the harm in city and outskirts area, but become another new growth engines of urban development, it should be the collection ecological construction, go sightseeing, natural harmony, the urban look of humane bright characteristic, still protect simultaneously one permanence green screen of urban environment.Take full advantage of geographical and the industrial characteristics that develop simultaneously with the boom town of modernization, the refuse dump project will be paid attention to a little in governance process and the combination of face, the grassland characteristic is again the rare national culture landscape in the unique whole nation, to scientificlly and effectively carry out combination on these three points so administer the refuse dump, thereby make the environmental characteristic after improvement distincter.Reach on the refuse dump after improvement that not only vegetation is abundant, can also have a taste of throughout the world can see the coal sea after only ascending a height, see the grassland, appreciate new city, increase the visual field, the places of cultural interest of pottery disposition, the new thought of Here it is overall situation ecological management of the present invention.
One, significance and the effect of technological break-through to technical progress of industry
1, meaning of the present invention
(1) presentation environmental improvement requirement, due to constructing because mine, a large amount of soil layers is moved, the number with tens even the surflaes of tens over ten billion cubic meters piled up, cause surface configuration that serious variation has occured, subenvironment ecology is destroyed, not only affected people's live and work at ordinary times, more bring potential safety hazard to people and urban development, vegetation is by considerable damage in addition, Xilinhot City for example, its present position is the innerland, center of Nei Mongol Plateau, in case storm wind rises suddenly, the refuse dump will become the most direct sand and dust sources, if do not administer, urban safety will be subject to direct harm.Therefore, fixing refuse dump as early as possible is the important business of the most important thing of administering.
(2) requirement of ecotope, because coal exploitation has caused existing changes of ecological environment, the large tracts of land greenery patches is covered by exposed soil, technology of the present invention, according to the characteristics of soil property and the common requirement of urban afforestation, the high means of the effective scientific and technological content of rapid autotelic utilization are restored rapidly, and increase on this basis the kind of vegetation, improve on density, height, not only recover vegetation on the depth degree, also to obtain large tracts of land, high-quality lifting on original basis, ecotope is further optimized.
(3) requirement of urban development, the development of modern city is polynary.Do not pursue the single effect of administering because of improvement in the process of administering, but by transferring different technological means, the comprehensive regulation is carried out in the refuse dump according to the general layout of urban development and enterprise development, making it to become collection goes sightseeing, ecological construction is integrated the improvement general layout, being the indispensable part of urban development, is also another bright spot of City Economic Growth.
(4) the aesthetic requirement of urban development is along with the raising of urban construction educational level and the continuous increase of city function.To take full advantage of existing land resources with the support that develops in city as the refuse dump after administering, discarded refuse dump be become the Ecological Park that is rich in the humane feature of modernization.
2, necessity of the present invention
The ecological requirement is the common concern of whole mankind institute, the exploitation of the energy is also that national economic development institute is prerequisite, have higher requirement so just for us on administering, because the exploitation of city and outskirts Areas For Coal has not only caused the destruction of local environment, also hinder simultaneously the sound development in city, taken the land resources of a large amount of preciousnesses in addition when exploiting a large amount of discarded objects in colliery and casting.If this problem can not get solving in time, not only affected the development in city, also seriously affected the city people's healthy and productive life.Therefore, the refuse dump, city is called as urban development " malignant tumor ".Many cities of getting up because of coal development because of " coal is abandoned to the greatest extent ", are exactly all the proof of this disastrous effect.Therefore, how to turn waste into wealth, namely saved land resources, the valuable coal resources of having got back have also developed the city simultaneously, and this is the target that several generations are pursuing.Therefore, we will utilize the modern science and technology advantage, make great efforts to make this problem to be resolved and are very urgent, also more are very important.So the present invention pursues thisly just is rich in humanistic spirit, the scientism that promotes the well-being of mankind, more therefore.
Two, domestic and international present situation and technology trends
At present, domestic environmental improvement paces to the large-scale mine refuse dump are obviously accelerated, and ecological environmental protection consciousness constantly strengthens.However, domestic technology in this respect rests on reduced levels mostly, and the mechanization degree of planting trees and grass is low, and requires high to physioclimate, the hydrologic condition of locality.Therefore, also do not have so far a kind of be worthy to be popularized and targetedly resolution used, particularly for the area, Xilin Hot of semiarid, half-desert more without any in the practicable guiding technology of administering the large coal mine refuse dump.
In the governance process in the past of arid area, often use simply the means of sand control, namely be woven into the crossing net trellis with the twigs of the chaste tree and cover and controlled the sand and dust that cause because of storm on the side slope of refuse dump and move.Facts have proved, this mode can not be administered the hidden danger that bring in the casting place, because in case run into rainwater weather, can cause domatic open drain, not only can not control ground movements, also can cause large-area water and soil loss, regulation effect is not obvious, brings hidden danger for improvement from now on.
for these a series of realistic problems, in the Construction Practice that long-term mine environment is administered, efficiently and effectively is developed the present invention and " is relied on refuse dump, arid area side slope grass planting all standing technology " and " refuse dump, arid area inclined blocks the vegetative protection wall technology ", use simultaneously " biological grass planting cavernous body new material (namely cultivating Nutrition Soil) ", come brand new ideas to the comprehensive regulation of the semiarid Semi-desert Area large-stackpile of Xilinhot City etc. brand-new technological means, this has not only filled up the blank of China's improvement large coal mine refuse dump improvement, on engineering, also genus is the first putting into practice., Semi-desert Area large-stackpile semiarid for the comprehensive regulation explored a brand-new road.
Of the present inventionly mainly be contemplated that: put on a suit of armour with refuse dump side slope grass planting all standing that technological means has fundamentally solved rain drop erosion and irrigation operation causes free flow coombe phenomenon, thereby reach the Rapid Establishment of vegetation, realize that slope body runoff disperses.In the process of refuse dump ecological recovery, the concept that the present invention administers is: use the opposition thinking pattern in the process of administering, change over and first improve the situation that soil is replanted vegetation, but the mode of utilizing first grass planting wood and utilizing vegetation to generate removes to improve on one's own initiative soil, avoid causing waste on time and space, both effect each other, bring out the best in each other.That is to say, plant is grown in the growth key element is met the environment that is adapting under the prerequisite of moisture content and nutrient, and when providing moisture content and nutrition to plant, soil is modified, after so waiting until the circulation of vegetation one-period, the ecosystem can really be repaired.This is also administering the large coal mine refuse dump and can access the development trend of thorough reparation and recovery just.
Inclined blocks that the vegetative protection wall is namely straggly on the square position implants shrub and arbor in an orderly manner, can prevent that wind direction from directly blowing domatic, can make again the domatic direct sunlight that prevents, makes to administer district's slope body reach balanced on humidity and temperature.
Again, the comprehensive improvement technology of the present invention's research and development is take the Xilinhot City periphery as example, owing to being the semiarid zone here, and the underground coal proved reserves be 1,500 hundred million tons can for the strip mining transformation, the large scale mining in colliery makes ecological recovery drive urgent working day, Xilinhot City estimated that coal production was 100,000,000 tons in 2011, calculate with surflaes ratio 1:3 in mining, annual will have the surflaes of about 3 billion cubic meters to enter the refuse dump, and Coal Mine all belongs to emerging mine, output will rise year by year, be difficult to form the circulation backfill within short-term.This has just formed the great market space in governance process.When Xilinguole League " 12 " realization of plan, we will open large tracts of land and save the property soil.
Launch on a large scale and when obtaining the regulation effect that adapts the opportunity that also can arise at the historic moment and obtain developing in depth in the market that constantly develops in depth along with administering.The present invention can turn the important tourist attractions that collection is ecological, go sightseeing in the refuse dump after improvement, to be rich in the development of tourism resources of humane characteristic, industrial characteristic, grassland characteristic out thereupon, will form so permanent, large market sustainability.
Three, effect of the present invention
can fundamentally administer existing large coal mine refuse dump, after improvement, the refuse dump is not only fully recovered on vegetation, but also will be by different level, divide different echelonments, formation has the multiple vegetation of humane characteristic and the ecological vegetable garden of depositing, and utilize the botanical garden for relying on, in the ecological atmosphere of transformation, form in good microclimate and change surrounding enviroment, formation is take the city and outskirts environment as mainly viewing and admiring tourist district a little, thereby form new industrial chain and point of economic increase,---the circulatory system that tourism---point of economic increase---is administered again that and then forms optimum improvement.
Four, the main research of project
Take Xilinhot City as example, technical difficult points is as follows:
1, soil is mainly yellow sand and mixes a small amount of brown coal mixture, and alkalescence, fertility are low, and it is zero substantially that vegetation covers.
2, dumping site flat 2 soil are to cover and banket, and because the casting car rolls closelyr, refuse dump side slope soil property is loose, and slope angle is between 60 °～80 °, and because direct sunlight effect water evaporates amount is large, the coombe that after rain, free flow forms gathers.
3, refuse dump side slope grass planting adopts direct-seeding, and the domatic seed sprouting probability of being exposed to the sun is almost nil, can't implement moisturizing because domatic soil property is loose and irrigate, and rate of water make-up causes greatly the free flow coombe, and little being difficult to of rate of water make-up produces a desired effect.
4, refuse dump, south, Xilinhot City colliery belongs to the special isolated huge tower mound landforms that artificial heap pad forms, and ground directly is highly 75 meters to the heap roof pendant, can not form the mountain climate feature.
Five, innovation point
1, according to the particular surroundings of refuse dump, colliery south, develop biological nutrition plant fiber sponge body grass planting technology (namely cultivating Nutrition Soil), can realize that individually balanced refuse dump fertility is low, the unfavorable factors such as organic matter is low, biological nutrition plant fiber sponge body grass planting technology can be carried out rational allocation according to the nature and characteristic of the different soils of administering the zone.
2, technology is put on a suit of armour in all standing of refuse dump side slope grass planting, solve targetedly domatic direct sunlight evaporation discharge large, the plant seed low difficult problem of probability of surviving on the body of slope, realize that the Artificial grass blanket covers comprehensively domatic, thereby reach the purpose that runoff disperses, avoid slope body coombe phenomenon to occur, effectively prevent erosion.
3, to reach the purpose of refuse dump ecological recovery, must set up complete effective energy-conservation irrigating facility, enforcement due to above-mentioned technology, adopt existing high-efficiency water-saving micro-spray technology just might guarantee to carry out effective maintenance to domatic, due to the formation of all standing pattern, little spray is water, the fertile root that is delivered to plant by the plant leaf surface of slope surface.
4, according to the special geomorphology feature of refuse dump, colliery south, surrounding enviroment can not form effectively the refuse dump and block, ecological recovery impact on the refuse dump can not be ignored, must propose the effective technology scheme solves, i.e. " the inclined vegetation is blocked the protecting wall technology " (protective belt of planting on platform) utilizes square position under side slope to implement tallly to fill with, fill with grass, careless Qiao Liti in conjunction with (i.e. height, in high and low vegetative protection band).The different vegetation characteristics such as crown, growth rate, plant height, wind resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance that take full advantage of vegetation are reasonably combined.
5, economic benefit of the present invention
The opencast coal mine dump restoration of the ecosystem of city, arid area and restoration project are to guarantee that people life property safety and material wealth are without prejudice; mine entironment is protected and administers and is purpose, to create social benefit, environmental benefit as main non-productive construction project.
Economic benefit is mainly reflected in increases the city planning earth tied up, improves urban ecological environment, the human settlement guarantees that urban construction develops in a healthy way, and improves city integral image, pulls city tour's career development, thereby produces huge economic benefit.
6, society of the present invention, environmental benefit
The comprehensive regulation is carried out in surrounding city large coal mine refuse dump; not only directly protected existing urban development environment; be the development in city at aspects such as microclimate protection, air cleanings simultaneously; city dweller's productive life provides convenience; on deeper meaning; the harmony that has also promoted social development is with stable, from long-range upper, also has a plastic view for the construction development in city provides.This has fundamentally solved exploitation and this sharp-pointed contradiction of ecological disruption.On the viewpoint of modern industrial society's development, many countries are all the development of replacing at the cost of the environment GDP, and result has caused great social hidden danger.The present invention fully, is reasonably solving this a pair of contradiction, and organically combining between these two, turn harm into good, the process of this contradiction of solution that turmoil is order.Namely provide the social environment with humane feature for social harmony advances healthily, also for people enjoy extensively that modern civilization brings through improved natural environment, realize both complementing each other, advance mutually short mutually, the management goal of the doulbe-sides' victory of building together.
It should be noted that at last, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although with reference to preferred embodiment, the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not breaking away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. vegetation method is protected in a refuse dump, and it is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
1) side slope grass planting: lay on the platform of refuse dump and cultivate Nutrition Soil, described cultivation Nutrition Soil is set to two sections, cultivate careless seedling in cultivating Nutrition Soil, the seedling that grows is moved on side slope together with cultivating Nutrition Soil, by one section inner bottom that moves to side slope, one section outer top that moves to slope, watering to cultivate grows up to; Described cultivation Nutrition Soil is mainly mixed by the agricultural crop straw of pulverizing, ground surface soil, humus and the fertilizer of refuse dump, expands and the bonding one that is after executing water;
2) platform is planted trees: on the platform of removing after cultivating Nutrition Soil from the inside to the outer of the platform high vegetative protection band of interval plantation successively, high vegetative protection band and low vegetative protection band.
2. vegetation method is protected in refuse dump according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the method for cultivating the careless seedling of cultivation on Nutrition Soil be: first cultivating on Nutrition Soil and broadcasting sowing grass seeds, then cover one deck fine earth, lay nonwoven on the fine earth layer, carry out periodicity and water, cultivate and namely grew up in 30-40 days.
3. refuse dump according to claim 1 protection vegetation method is characterized in that: between described high vegetative protection band and middle high vegetative protection band and in interval 5-8m respectively between high vegetative protection band and low vegetative protection band.
4. refuse dump according to claim 1 protection vegetation method is characterized in that: the platform gap grass planting after tree planting.
5. vegetation method is protected in refuse dump according to claim 2, and it is characterized in that: the laying depth of described cultivation Nutrition Soil is 15-30mm.
6. vegetation method is protected in refuse dump according to claim 2, and it is characterized in that: the fine earth thickness of described covering is 3-5mm.
7. vegetation method is protected in refuse dump according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described grass is the tippet grass.
8. vegetation methods are protected according to claim 1 or 3 described refuse dumps, and it is characterized in that: described high vegetative protection band is willow, and described middle high vegetative protection band is pinus sylvestris var. mongolica or dragon spruce, and described low vegetative protection band is sea-buckthorn or salix monogolica.
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| CN 201110371291 CN102498911B (en) | 2011-10-08 | 2011-11-21 | Refuse dump protection vegetation method |
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| CN201110297777.5 | 2011-10-08 | ||
| CN201110297777 | 2011-10-08 | ||
| CN 201110371291 CN102498911B (en) | 2011-10-08 | 2011-11-21 | Refuse dump protection vegetation method |
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| CN106759228A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-31 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | A kind of comprehensive fix the sand system and its method of construction |
| CN109618794B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-10-30 | 内蒙古蒙草矿山科技有限责任公司 | Mine refuse dump side slope repairing method |
| CN111296146B (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2021-09-07 | 自然资源部第三海洋研究所 | Composite ecological windbreak for repairing vegetation on windward slope of island and building method thereof |
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