CN106900195B - One kind taking native field ecological restoring method - Google Patents
One kind taking native field ecological restoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106900195B CN106900195B CN201710094842.1A CN201710094842A CN106900195B CN 106900195 B CN106900195 B CN 106900195B CN 201710094842 A CN201710094842 A CN 201710094842A CN 106900195 B CN106900195 B CN 106900195B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention discloses one kind to take native field ecological restoring method, including prospecting take Tu Chang, establishment take native field arrangement and method for construction, setting SURVEYING CONTROL NETWORK, remove site obstructions, setting pumping equipment, side slope cut slope and fencing, it is of the present invention it is a kind of take native field ecological restoring method be able to solve it is existing take Tu Chang to take soil after existing geological disaster hidden danger, the influence taken Tu to original ecological environment can be also effectively reduced in the destruction of soil erosion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of native field ecological restoring method technical field, specially it is intended to taking caused by Tu Chang takes after soil
Ecological disturbance is repaired, so that taking the necessary function of the rapid restored ecosystem of native field energy and reaching system self―sustaining state
A kind of restorative procedure.
Background technique
Take Tu Chang during taking soil, by it is mechanical, destroy, cover, the destruction of the various ways such as waste, topography and geomorphology
Change, soil texture and soil constituent change, and soil pollution, water pollution, vegetation deterioration, soil erosion etc. is caused to interfere
Consequence, and then local natural landscape and the places of cultural interest are destroyed to a certain extent, or even cause the degeneration of the ecosystem.
Restoration of the ecosystem also has many both at home and abroad at present in recent years increasingly by the extensive concern of international community and attention
Paper has carried out detailed introduction for restoration of the ecosystem, but is mostly at present general Jie for restoration of the ecosystem research in paper
It continues, and lacks the design for restoration of the ecosystem implementation steps.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide one kind to take native field ecological restoring method, be able to solve it is existing take Tu Chang to take soil after exist
Geological disaster hidden danger, the influence taken Tu to original ecological environment can be also effectively reduced in the destruction of soil erosion.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
One kind taking native field ecological restoring method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, prospecting take Tu Chang, establishment to take native field arrangement and method for construction；Prospecting takes Tu Chang, understands the basic condition for taking Tu Chang,
Levelling of the land and the earth excavation arrangement and method for construction for taking Tu Chang are formulated, earth excavation figure and overall construction site plan are drawn；
Step 2, setting SURVEYING CONTROL NETWORK, equipment and personnel prepare；By the requirement of construction main flat face, to taking Tu Chang to control
System measurement, forms the SURVEYING CONTROL NETWORK for taking Tu Chang；To taking native field device, material to deploy, related personnel is organized and is equipped with, it is quasi-
Tu Chang is on the waiting list to repair required hydroelectric facility and build the temporary road taken in native field；
Step 3 removes site obstructions, setting pumping equipment；It removes to the building for taking in native field construction to bring obstacle
Object makes full use of available building；Provisional or permanent drainage ditch is set on construction ground, by excess surface water
It drains into gutter, then is drained with water pump；
Step 4, side slope cut slope；It is biggish for the gradient that native field side slope is taken to carry out cutting slope processing；
Step 5, smooth construction site, planting soil processing；By design or construction requirement, range and absolute altitude smooth location,
The earthwork is abandoned to regulation spoil area；Removing and preservation processing are carried out to the surface soil for having utility value；It works in mechanical finishing soil
After the completion, the work of manual sorting green land is carried out, is mainly leveled land with spade, rake, reaches greening condition；
Step 6, soil improvement and curing；
Step 7, side slope reparation；Plant biological bag method is used when grade of side slope<60, is sprayed when grade of side slope>60 using soil moved in improve the original
Broadcast method；
Step 8, platform reparation, plant maintenance and management；The selection plantation pioneers such as red fescue and annual bluegrass, and increase
Take the seed of one's native land of draft or shrub in the vegetation ecosystem of the periphery Tu Chang, make secondary vegetation within the several years from now on gradually with
The fusion of natural ecology vegetation, while sowing grass seeds by duster shrub seed, carries out the transplanting of primary shrub；Taking the periphery Tu Chang ecological
Environment is poor, is unsatisfactory for the area of transplanting condition, by the sapling of plantation purchase, repairs ecological environment as soon as possible；Most
Construction forests for water and soil conservation carrys out Fang Zhi ﹑ reduction soil erosion afterwards；Maintenance work personnel whole year is arranged to carry out maintenance management, greening is supported
It protects management work and needs continual progress throughout the year；
Step 9, fencing；Close protection to Natural Secondary Forests and artificial forest zone, reinforce pest and disease monitoring, prevention and treatment and
Fireproofing promotes to be formed based on arbor, tall shrub combines, the standing forest group that structurally reasonable stabilization is efficiently mutually coordinated with function
It falls.
It includes: that surveying setting-out, machinery cut slope, manually cut slope and side that side slope, which cuts slope specific steps, in step 4 described above
Slope checks, handles and checks and accepts.
The concrete measure of smooth construction site includes: that comprehensive site preparation, partial soil preparation and afforestation are green in step 5 described above
Change site preparation.
When in step 5 described above to planting soil processing, minimum planting soil layer thickness necessary to plant production should be accorded with
Close following table regulation:
| Vegetation pattern | Lawn cover plant | Undershrub | Big shrub | Shallow root arbor | Deep root arbor |
| Thickness | 25 | 35 | 40 | 60 | 70 |
To lawn flower planting, 25~30cm should be turned over to sowing, hugs the thin area's impurity removing of flatbreaking, uses sufficient base manure, it is smooth
Design requirement should be met with the gradient, soil layer is inadequate when planting big tree, and the place that individual plantations are set greatly is carried out soil removal and replacement.
Include: using the concrete measure of plant biological bag method when grade of side slope < 60 in step 7 described above
(1) it drives piles；Close to ditching on the inside of slag blocking wall, then ditch depth 0.8m disposes staking out, staking out spacing is 0.55m, returns
It bankets and is compacted, staking out is connected and fixed using cross bar；
(2) plant biological bag packs；By the seed handled well and fiber, adhesive, water-retaining agent, compound fertilizer, slow-release fertilizer, microorganism
Bacterial manure etc., stirs and evenly mixs and is fitted into plant biological bag；
(3) plant biological bag is laid with；Plant biological bag is pressed from lower and is laid with along slope upward direction；First row plant biological bag is laid with as longitudinal,
And timber is held out against, second row is pressed upwards to be laterally laid with and is compacted, and the paving location of every two layers of plant biological bag is in delta structure；If any
Gap is filled and led up and is compacted with soil, last row's plant biological bag of top of the slope is laid with as longitudinal.
Include: using the concrete measure of alien earth sparging method when grade of side slope > 60 in step 7 described above
1) surveying setting-out
It is put a little by spacing 2m in length and breadth first using level meter and tape measure, determines Bower Anchor bar drill hole site, then in adjacent master
The secondary anchor pole of interpolation on anchor pole intermediate point；
2) lapping, nail net
Geonet is reinforced using high zinc-plated prismatic wire netting or high strength plastics, mesh specification is 5cm × 5cm, is used at rock
Air drill or electric drill press lm × lm spacing quincuncial arrangement anchor pole and holdfast, the long 90~100cm of anchor pole, the long 15~40cm of holdfast；It hangs
Using unreeling from top to bottom when net construction, adjacent two rolled steel wires net is connected and fixed with tie wire respectively, and two net junctions are at least
It is required that have the overlapping of 10cm, holdfast lm2At least it is arranged 5；Wire netting and work surface keep certain interval, and uniformity；Compared with
It is wrapped on wire netting at regular intervals at steep scar with straw rope, to increase adhesive force, soil moved in improve the original thickness is made to be guaranteed；.
3) alien earth sparging
It waters before alien earth sparging and moistens slope surface, the mixing materials such as peat, fertile soil, grass fiber, slow-release nutrient fertilizer are passed through
It sows grass seeds by duster on wire netting after crossing the stirring of special-purpose machinery, with a thickness of 2~8cm；Since water supply in media forfeiture will cause stromal thickness
Not enough, generally requiring jet thickness is the 125% of design thickness.
4) it sows grass seeds by duster vegetable seeds
Red fescue and annual bluegrass are selected, and increases the native soil of draft or shrub in the vegetation ecosystem of local road periphery
Seed merges secondary vegetation gradually with natural ecology vegetation within the several years from now on, the not aobvious trace manually chiseled and carved；Tall, filling
The wooden seed with 80 DEG C of Soaking in hot water containing seed soaking agent 1 day, soak seed before sowing grass seeds by duster 1~2 hour, and seed is made to absorb water by herbaceous plant seeds
It is wet；
5) it covers
For guarantee before rainy season, vegetable seeds take root from rain drop erosion, cold season, vegetable seeds and seedling from
Frostbite evil and the heat and moisture preserving in normal construction season；It is required that being covered using non-woven fabrics or straw curtain, and make every effort to carefully, in this way
Can anti-early stage non-woven fabrics run by wind, purpose: washed away first is that preventing work surface after molding by rain；Second is that can heat and moisture preserving,
Promote the growth of plant.
The present invention uses the above method, has the following technical effect that
The present invention is able to solve the hidden danger of existing geological disaster existing after taking Tu Chang to take soil, the destruction of soil erosion,
It is clear that the influence taken Tu to original ecological environment step of the present invention can be effectively reduced.
Restorative procedure process of the invention is reasonable, considers comprehensively, can not only be quickly to taking the water and soil stream occurred in native field
The problem of mistake, ecological environment destruction, and Tu Chang can taken to form stable ecologic structure, make that Tu Chang is taken to form certain scape
It sees.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Selecting northern somewhere dyke to build, to take Tu Chang land occupation type be forest land, occupied area 62.4hm2, belong to level land and take
Soil.Take ground after soil that a huge ditch of area, soil bareness, severe water and soil erosion, the fertility decline of soil, soil is presented
Ground structure destroys, and vegetation is impaired serious, and the structure and function of the ecosystem is severely impacted, and ecological environment is seriously broken
It is bad.
The ecological environment of Tu Chang is taken to improve, using step is implemented as follows:
1. prospecting takes Tu Chang
Prospecting takes Tu Chang, understands the basic condition for taking Tu Chang, comprising: take soil site landform, take soil site looks, take soil site
Matter takes the periphery Tu Chang transport routes, takes native field original vegetation, Nearby Structure etc., takes native field restoration of the ecosystem to prepare to formulate.
2. establishment takes native field arrangement and method for construction
Formulate levelling of the land and the earth excavation arrangement and method for construction for taking Tu Chang；Draw earth excavation figure and construction main flat face
Figure determines that excavating route and the earthwork cut out stacks place；Engineering machinery needed for offer takes native field restoration of the ecosystem.
3. SURVEYING CONTROL NETWORK is arranged
The SURVEYING CONTROL NETWORK for taking Tu Chang is formed to taking Tu Chang to carry out control measurement by the requirement of construction main flat face.Control net is wanted
Building, structures, earthmoving machinery operation and transit route are avoided, and has protective emblem.Levelling of the land should set 10m*10m or
20m*20m grid does control stake in each grid, and measures the physical relief absolute altitude of each stake, digs as calculating, earth fill
The foundation of amount and Construction control.Levelling of the land and excavation can be carried out after errorless to measurement result review.
4. equipment and personnel prepare
To taking native field device to deploy, such as cut the earth, haulage vehicle and various ancillary equipments repair inspection, test run
Turn, and equipment is transported to place to use；Construction materials and engineering materials are got out, are stacked by construction plan requirement.Tissue
And it is equipped with each professional technician, administrative staff and skilled worker needed for earthwork construction, and the good operation shift of organization arrangement.
The scene of laying supplies water, powers, for compressed-air line road, and carries out examination water, examination electricity, gas testing.Build the temporary road taken in native field
Road, for vehicle or other mechanical transfers, main interim transport routes preferably combine the arrangement of permanent road to build.
5. removing existing barrier
To taking construction obstacle object in native field to be purged；Neighbouring inhering architecture, electric pole, pylon, trees etc. have been taken
Effect ground protective reinforcing measure, available building should make full use of.
6. pumping equipment is arranged
Provisional or permanent drainage ditch is set on construction ground, ground is drained to or is discharged to low-lying place, then arranged with water pump
It walks.Gutter head fall is typically no less than 2%, makes place not ponding.
7. side slope cuts slope
It is biggish for the gradient that native field side slope is taken to carry out cutting slope processing.The process for cutting slope construction are as follows: surveying setting-out → machinery
Cut slope → manually cut slope → side slope inspection, processing and examination.
(1) surveying setting-out
In such a way that control side slope aperture lines, grade rod and horizontal ruler joint survey are checked, control backhoe cut slope precision,
The flatness of the knack technical ability control side slope of machinery operator.According to operational procedure, designed openings are released in survey crew
After line, site operation personnel piling, bracing wire in aperture lines immediately, then backhoe is excavated in place；It is existing when closing on design side slope
Field construction personnel is using horizontal ruler and homemade grade rod follow-up inspection and checks slope ratio, and surveying party inspects periodically whether side slope accords with
Close design requirement；The flatness of excavation slope then leans on the technical skills of manipulator to control.
(2) machinery cuts slope
Range, depth, the gradient and delamination, the control of side slope aperture lines, by survey crew are excavated according to design drawing
Field lofting, site operation personnel and quality inspection personnel tracking piling, then site operation personnel are controlled according to the hanging wire upright bar of sample list is handed over
Aperture lines processed；It cuts slope and excavates the requirement for having to comply with design drawing, file.Slope process control is cut in backhoe, first has to control its row
Direction is walked, creeper tread is parallel with side slope face, so that operator can control the slope of adjacent regions according to creeper tread walking
Degree is consistent, avoids or reduces frequent examine and checks work.At the position that local slope surface is longer or geological conditions is poor, mainly adopt
It is excavated with the method for backhoe layering relay, order is excavated from top to bottom, according to slope surface length difference with 2~3 backhoes in operation
It cuts the earth, is communicated up soil in shoveling, and be packed into loading machine simultaneously on face.Strict control cutting depth when excavation is reserved
The protective layer of 20cm, the layer can only be protected levee body undisturbed soil not avoided digging by disturbance to control side slope by hand excavation
With deficient digging.The variation of soil layer is paid attention in digging process at any time, excavator keeps certain safe distance away from side slope, determines each digging
Depth is filled, abnormal conditions are avoided the occurrence of, guarantees equipment safety.Prepare 2 7.5kw dredge pumps in digging process to be used to drain.It applies
Ensure to drain unimpeded in work, prevents from causing slope instability due to impeded drainage.
(3) slope is manually cut
After the completion of mechanical excavation, carries out manually cutting slope in time, reserved 20cm protective layer soil manually be cleared up, with platform
For boundary, divide upper layer and lower layer, first carry out subsurface manually cuts slope, and rear progress face layer manually cuts slope.
(4) side slope inspection, processing and examination
Base surface size and soil body quality are checked, rebuild and handled in time after excavation.Inspection divides self-test, supervisor
The initial survey and final inspection three phases of tissue carry out.
Base surface must be smooth solid, must not have protrusion, loosen the defects of block, loosened soil dross.It must after base surface completion
It must carry out necessary protection.
8. smooth construction site
By design or construction requirement, range and absolute altitude smooth location, the earthwork is abandoned to regulation spoil area；To there is utility value
Surface soil carry out removing and preservation processing；It is all in construction area, influence the soft layer of construction quality, mud, fertile soil, big
It cobble, boulder, rubbish, tree root, turf and is unfit to do the rice field wet soil of backfill, frozen soil etc. and should be taken according to different situations entirely
Excavate or set gutter drainage in portion.
Construction site preparation measure has following three parts:
(1) comprehensive site preparation
Comprehensive site preparation refers mainly to the mechanical planarization to ditch because of gesture moulding, to be conducive to the construction of ditch restoration of the ecosystem
Production operation and plant survive.
(2) partial soil preparation
Since ditch topography changes multiplicity, in line with the side of breaking ground less, the principle made use of momentum with slope, according to the different ground of ditch
Gesture situation, turns over to cultivate and becomes band or blocky in the massif that cannot be made into flat.On the one hand this operation mode can guarantee to be convenient for
The pouring of plant early period, while can also reduce land control workload, and can also small range improve the soil of plant growth
Condition.
(3) afforestation site preparation
Total body construction soil moved in improve the original average thickness 0.3m or so planting soil, large-scale nursery stock is based on kind of plant hole soil removal and replacement, to plant seedling
The cave-shaped site preparation in part is taken at the position of wood, and the specification of cave-shaped site preparation is determined according to the specification of nursery stock used and soil ball.
9. planting soil is handled
After the completion of mechanical finishing soil works, the work of manual sorting green land is carried out, mainly with spade, whole soil of raking
Ground reaches greening condition.Minimum planting soil layer thickness necessary to plant production should meet following table regulation:
| Vegetation pattern | Lawn cover plant | Undershrub | Big shrub | Shallow root arbor | Deep root arbor |
| Thickness | 25 | 35 | 40 | 60 | 70 |
To lawn flower planting, 25~30cm should be turned over to sowing, hugs the thin area's impurity removing of flatbreaking, uses sufficient base manure, it is smooth
Design requirement should be met with the gradient, soil layer is inadequate when planting big tree, and the place that individual plantations are set greatly is carried out soil removal and replacement.
10. soil improvement and curing
Due to taking the higher soil layer of organic content on the surface layer Tu Chang to have received the destruction destroyed, the fertility of soil will appear bright
Aobvious decline, therefore, after handling planting soil, to ensure plant biological normal growth, it is necessary to which soil is carried out
Improvement and curing.
(1) green manure and organic fertilizer application
Green manuring mode selects miscegenation green manure.In same piece of land, while the green manure crop that mixed seeding is two or more.
By leguminous green manure and nonleguminous green manure, overgrows and upright green manure miscegenation, make to be adjustable nutrient with each other, sarmentum can be climbed uprightly
Green manure makes field ventilation and penetrating light.So miscegenation yield is higher, Effect of improving soil is preferable.
Green manure is comprehensive in application to use direct returning to farmland, decomposition into field, charing returning to the field and bioreactor.Both it can be reduced
Carbon discharge, and soil can be improved rapidly, and improved effect is good, for protecting local environment.
Organic fertilizer is mainly derived from plant and animal, imposes on soil to provide the carbon containing object that plant nutrient is its major function
Material.Full nutrition can not only be provided for crops, and fertilizer efficiency is long, can increase and update the soil organism, promote microorganism numerous
It grows, improves the physicochemical property and bioactivity of soil, be the Main Nutrients of pollution-free food production.
Organic fertilizer production and the method for harmless treatment use EM compost method.EM is a kind of aerobic and the suspicion effectively micro- life of oxygen
Object group is mainly made of photosynthetic bacteria, actinomyces, saccharomycete and lactic acid bacteria etc., has been widely used in agricultural and environmental protection.It
With deodorization, desinsection, sterilization, environment purification and promote the multiple functions such as plant growth.People, animal excrement, which is handled, with it makees compost,
It can play the role of innoxious.
(2) biological fertility betterment technology
Biological organic fermenting fertilizer is that inoculation soil occupies type earthworm and organic substance in the soil, plays their natural fertilizing
Effect.Earthworm can change the physical structure of soil, and the aeration and water penetration of soil are improved by generating macrovoid.They are also
Promote to colonize on root with the mycorrhizal fungi of Root Symbiont, the latter can help root to absorb moisture, nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrition.
11. side slope reparation
(1) plant biological bag method is used when grade of side slope < 60:
1) plant biological bag method
For take Tu Chang cut slope it is smooth after side slope reparation using plant biological bag method.Specific construction step are as follows: (1) drive piles.?
Then ditching on the inside of close to slag blocking wall, ditch depth 0.8m dispose staking out, staking out spacing is 0.55m, and backfill is simultaneously compacted, and utilize cross
Staking out is connected and is fixed by bar.(2) plant biological bag packs.By the seed handled well and fiber, adhesive, water-retaining agent, compound fertilizer, delay
Fertilizer, microbial-bacterial fertilizer etc. are released, stirs and evenly mixs and is fitted into plant biological bag.(3) plant biological bag is laid with.Plant biological bag is pressed from lower above slope aspect
To laying.First row plant biological bag is laid with as longitudinal, and holds out against timber, and second row is pressed upwards to be laterally laid with and be compacted.Every two layers of plant
The paving location of raw bag is in delta structure.If any gap, is filled and led up and be compacted with soil.Last row's plant biological bag of top of the slope is by longitudinal paving
If.
2) it commonly sows grass seeds by duster
Red fescue and annual bluegrass are selected, and increases and takes the autochthon of draft or shrub in the vegetation ecosystem of the periphery Tu Chang
Son merges secondary vegetation gradually with natural ecology vegetation within the several years from now on, the not aobvious trace manually chiseled and carved.Tall, shrub
Seed with 80 DEG C of hot water (containing seed soaking agent) seed soaking 1 day, soak seed before sowing grass seeds by duster 1~2 hour, keeps seed water suction wet by herbaceous plant seeds
Profit.
3) plant setting
For the stability of rapid restored ecosystem, while sowing grass seeds by duster shrub seed, the load for carrying out shrub is planted.
In Plants types choice, mainly considers from ecological with landscape angle, by the sapling of plantation purchase, obtain ecological environment
It repairs as soon as possible.
Tree Species Selection first should not allow the landscape after restoring to seem lofty, i.e., should be harmonious with the landscape ecological on periphery.
Secondly, taking into account the culture and economic activity of local resident while considering landscape ecological.
(2) alien earth sparging method is used when grade of side slope > 60:
1) surveying setting-out
It is put a little by spacing 2m in length and breadth first using level meter and tape measure, determines Bower Anchor bar drill hole site, then in adjacent master
The secondary anchor pole of interpolation on anchor pole intermediate point.
2) lapping, nail net
Geonet is reinforced using high zinc-plated prismatic wire netting or high strength plastics, mesh specification is to use wind at 5cm × 5cm rock
It bores or electric drill presses lm × lm spacing quincuncial arrangement anchor pole and holdfast.Anchor pole grows 90~100cm, and holdfast is about 15~40cm.It hangs
Using unreeling from top to bottom when net construction, adjacent two rolled steel wires net (geonet) is connected and fixed with tie wire respectively, and two nets are handed over
The place of connecing at least requires the overlapping for having 10cm, holdfast lm2No less than 5.Net and work surface keep certain interval, and uniformity.
It can be wrapped at regular intervals with straw rope at steeper rock surface on the net, to increase adhesive force, soil moved in improve the original thickness be made to be guaranteed.Linked network can
So that soil moved in improve the original matrix forms a lasting overall plate in rock surface.
3) alien earth sparging
It waters before alien earth sparging and moistens slope surface, the mixing materials such as peat, fertile soil, grass fiber, slow-release nutrient fertilizer are passed through
It sows grass seeds by duster on wire netting after crossing the stirring of special-purpose machinery, with a thickness of 2~8cm.Since water supply in media forfeiture will cause stromal thickness
Not enough, generally requiring jet thickness is the 125% of design thickness.
4) it sows grass seeds by duster vegetable seeds
Red fescue and annual bluegrass are selected, and increases the native soil of draft or shrub in the vegetation ecosystem of local road periphery
Seed merges secondary vegetation gradually with natural ecology vegetation within the several years from now on, the not aobvious trace manually chiseled and carved.Tall, filling
The wooden seed with 80 DEG C of hot water (containing seed soaking agent) seed soaking 1 day, soak seed before sowing grass seeds by duster 1~2 hour, and seed is made to absorb water by herbaceous plant seeds
It is wet.
5) it covers
For guarantee before rainy season, vegetable seeds take root from rain drop erosion, cold season, vegetable seeds and seedling from
Frostbite evil and the heat and moisture preserving in normal construction season.It is required that being covered using non-woven fabrics (or straw curtain), and make every effort to carefully, this
Sample can anti-early stage non-woven fabrics run by wind, purpose: washed away first is that preventing work surface after molding by rain；Second is that can keep the temperature
It is wet, promote the growth of plant.
12. job platform reparation
(1) it commonly sows grass seeds by duster
Red fescue and annual bluegrass are selected, and increases and takes the autochthon of draft or shrub in the vegetation ecosystem of the periphery Tu Chang
Son merges secondary vegetation gradually with natural ecology vegetation within the several years from now on, the not aobvious trace manually chiseled and carved.Tall, shrub
Seed with 80 DEG C of hot water (containing seed soaking agent) seed soaking 1 day, soak seed before sowing grass seeds by duster 1~2 hour, keeps seed water suction wet by herbaceous plant seeds
Profit.
(2) woods shrub is arranged in pairs or groups
In order to increase the stability of the ecosystem, the consistency of landscape is formed, while sowing grass seeds by duster shrub seed, is carried out
The transplanting of primary shrub.In Plants types choice, mainly consider from ecological with landscape angle, is taking the both sides Tu Chang ecological
Part protophyte is transplanted under conditions of not destroying its ecological environment in the good area of environment.
It is taking the periphery Tu Chang ecological environment poor, is being unsatisfactory for the area of condition, by the sapling of plantation purchase, making ecological ring
It is repaired as soon as possible in border.
(3) forests for water and soil conservation
Soil erosion is reduced by construction forests for water and soil conservation come Fang Zhi ﹑.Forests for water and soil conservation has important role: adjusting precipitation
And rainwash.﹐ is stayed to change the precipitation shape formula ﹐ dropped on forest land cutting for natural rainfall by Qiao's ﹑ shrub storey in woods
Weaken rainfall intensity and its energy for impacting ground.Rainwater is reduced by way of increasing increased surface covering to invade terrestrial materials
Erosion.Terrestrial materials composition can be improved, improve microbial environment, finally improve miniclimate.
Due to bioclimatic condition and reproducing area edaphic condition all compare Cha ﹐ forests for water and soil conservations of most of erosion areas
Construction and operation on have following features ﹕ selection resistance and adaptable filling wood species ﹐ simultaneously pay attention to using it is appropriate mix
Friendship mode.Planning for example small Ping Tiao ﹑ Yu Lin Keng ﹑ reversed terrace of the face the Po Gong Cheng ﹐ that conserves water and soil etc. that reproducing area is paid attention to when construction.It can
It updates and closes hillsides to facilitate afforestation using various afforestation Fang Fa ﹐ and artificial promotion.The suitable Shao great ﹐ of the initial density in planting of afforestation is strongly fragrant in advance with benefit
It closes.
13. plant maintenance and management
Maintenance work personnel whole year is arranged to carry out maintenance management, greening, maintenance management need of work are uninterrupted throughout the year
Progress.Have in it: watering draining, fertilising, tillage and weeding, shaping and trimming, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, cold-proof etc..
1) watering draining
Newly in nursery stock since transpiration rate is big, in order to retentively go up underground water balance-dividing, promotees it and take root, it is necessary to often watering,
Soil is set to be in moisture state.In weather arid, also need to spray water to tree crown and limb.It is needed in particular according to plant growth
It wants, pours in different times, soil is made to be in moisture state.In weather arid, must also spray water to tree crown and limb.
It is needed in particular according to plant growth, keep-alive water, growth water, jelly water is poured in different time, to guarantee that plant normally grows
It needs.Nursery stock is planted to new, at least monthly 1~2 time watering should be carried out to planting nursery stock in 4,5,6,9, October and November.Such as to plant
Strain fertilising, should water immediately after fertilising, and promoting fertilizer to infiltrate into soil into aqueous solution state is that root system absorbs, while fertilizer is dense
Degree reduces and will not burn root.
Winter pours primary jelly water before freeze-up, and in addition annual July and August part, draining are concentrated mainly on this season, when
When ponding occurs in greenery patches, it should drain in time.
2) it applies fertilizer
It since the growth of flower plants and nursery stock needs, needs constantly to supplement nutrient, seedling can be efficiently solved to nursery stock fertilising
The problem of the wooden nutrient deficiency.Nitrogenous fertilizer should germinate in spring, apply when growth is vigorous；Bud differentiation period should apply phosphate fertilizer more；Autumn
Season should be affixed by phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, stop nitrogen fertilizer application.It to water immediately after fertilising.It is carried out when general fertilising is with rainy or watering.It is below
Base manure scale:
Base manure scale
Lawn base manure is preferably controlled in 10kg/m2。
3) tillage and weeding
Tillage and weeding consumes a large amount of moisture and nutrient, influences plant growth, propagate simultaneously in favor of root growth, weeds
Various pest and disease damages.It often to go out and remove to the weeds in greenery patches.Weeding in line with " except it is early, except it is small, in addition to " principle.Spring and summer will remove
Grass 2~3 times, is sure not that weeds is allowed to set seeds.Weeding often combines intertillage to carry out, it is also possible to which herbicide carries out weed eradication.Tillage and weeding is answered
It is carried out in fine day.
4) shaping and trimming
The pruning of trees can carry out throughout the year, such as bud picking, pinching, remove tiller, beta pruning, but large-scale trimming is in suspend mode
Phase carries out preferably, in order to avoid bleeding is excessive, influencing tree vigo(u)r.Stripping bud pruning trees sprout after, can be sprouted on trunk branch out many buds,
Sprout influences shape of tree-crown, and consumes a large amount of nutrient, it is necessary to which these coppice spouts, sprout are removed in time.
Branch difference of growing thickly point influences growing tall, growing up for tree crown.The trimming of especially flowering shrub is more necessary, to control and repair
Length is cut, is made whole tree-like, in the same size.To beautify plant shape, high balance, increase long shoot, raising planting survival rate.
The tool of pruning trees must be sharp, keeps clip smooth, otherwise clip edge should can make on branch as close as possible to dry section
Leave fast knot.But can not be too deep, it is too deep often to form tree hole in trunk, it with clip section and trunk keeping parallelism and should approach
In the same plane preferably.After big branch saw is gone, paint or preservative are smeared on clip.
5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Green plants during the growth process, are often endangered by various disease pests, are influenced the normal growth of plant and are watched effect
Fruit.Tissue special messenger periodically often watches trees appearance and growing state, finds epidemic situation in time, diagnoses the cause of disease, handles as early as possible.It can use
Bravo, Mancozeb do not have that half a month is primary in the high temperature season triadimefon of June to September monthly to mid-October, zinc sulphur
Phosphorus, Furadan staggeredly use monthly, for killing subterranean pest-insect etc..Disease branch should be wiped out in time for dioryctria splendidella to burn, 6
~August eats into dry worm for thousand Chinese toons etc., trunk epidermis can be applied to phoxim baythion, then tightly wrapped with polybag, play it is stifling, tag and flutter
The effect gone out.
6) cold-proof
Reinforcement cultivation management is taken, the cold tolerance of plant is enhanced.Early spring waters in time, reduces soil temperature, postpones plant
Active stage, makes plant from freeze injury.Trunk is wrapped up with straw or straw rope, whitewashes, takes air partition.
14, fencing
Exclusion measures: carrying out closing protection to Natural Secondary Forests and artificial forest zone, forbid to lumber, cut firewood, mow, herding,
It the human activities such as opens up wasteland, go hunting, reinforcing pest and disease monitoring, prevention and treatment and fireproofing, promotion formed based on arbor, tall fills grass knot
It closes, the standing forest group that structurally reasonable stabilization is efficiently mutually coordinated with function.
1) fence engineering
Grassland vegetation is destroyed to prevent dyke Ecological Restoration Area periphery animal from entering reclamation field, influences vegetation
Recovery effects, chain link fence is set around reclamation field.Fence design protection height 1.20m, designing material are reinforcing bar
Silicon stake adds barbed wire.It for the normal growth for ensuring grassland, prevents livestock from trampling, secondary vegetation recovery effects is improved, to Subsided Reclamation Region
Domain uses fence engineering protection.
2) direction board engineering
Engineering sign board and fixed warning sign are set up in the eye-catching location such as traffic intersection, the exit or entrance of a clitch in closing region, and indicate
Fencing four is to contents such as range, area, the time limit, type, mode, measures.
3) Its Preventive Measures
According to " put prevention first, because evil set up defences, comprehensive treatment " principle, set up disease, worm, mouse, rabbit etc. respectively in closing region
The precautionary measures such as the prediction point of disaster, prevent disaster, and carry out the preventing and controlling after occurring.
4) measure is organized and implemented
Closing region tissue is established and improve, closing region management team is formed, formulates fencing system, closing region is built with neighboring region
Vertical joint defence system, perfects closing region contract and responsibility system.
5) publicity measures
Reinforce the publicity to closing region nearby residents, allows the people to understand the effect and important meaning of fencing, allow vast
The masses understand exclusion measures, increase the dynamics of participation of the masses.
6) closing region archives are established
Closing region archives include the vegetation state of closing region, closing region Long-term planning and last the fencing of use and arrange
It applies, it is planned that fenced region is investigated, including forest variation, understory species are deduced, Litter Layer accumulation, water and soil conservation
Benefit, economic benefit etc. understand the upgrowth situation of thinner seedlings or saplings and the development defence line of young growth, educate correctly to formulate
The measure of woods by setting sample can carry out periodic observation realization.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent or
Modification, is all covered by the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. one kind takes native field ecological restoring method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, prospecting take Tu Chang, establishment to take native field arrangement and method for construction；Prospecting takes Tu Chang, understands the basic condition for taking Tu Chang, formulates
Levelling of the land and the earth excavation arrangement and method for construction of Tu Chang are taken, earth excavation figure and overall construction site plan are drawn；
Step 2, setting SURVEYING CONTROL NETWORK, equipment and personnel prepare；By the requirement of construction main flat face, to taking Tu Chang to carry out control survey
Amount forms the SURVEYING CONTROL NETWORK for taking Tu Chang；To taking native field device, material to deploy, related personnel is organized and be equipped with, prepares to take
Tu Chang repairs required hydroelectric facility and builds the temporary road taken in native field；
Step 3 removes site obstructions, setting pumping equipment；It removes to the building for taking in native field construction to bring obstacle, it is right
Available building is made full use of；Provisional or permanent drainage ditch is set on construction ground, excess surface water is drained into
In gutter, then drained with water pump；
Step 4, side slope cut slope；Big for the gradient takes native field side slope to carry out cutting slope processing；
Step 5, smooth construction site, planting soil processing；It, will be native by design or construction requirement, range and absolute altitude smooth location
Side is abandoned to regulation spoil area；Removing and preservation processing are carried out to the surface soil for having utility value；It works and completes in mechanical finishing soil
Afterwards, the work for carrying out manual sorting green land is leveled land with spade, rake, reaches greening condition；
Step 6, soil improvement and curing；
Step 7, side slope reparation；Plant biological bag method is used when grade of side slope<60 degree, is sprayed when grade of side slope>60 degree using soil moved in improve the original
Broadcast method；
Step 8, platform reparation, plant maintenance and management；Selection plantation red fescue and annual bluegrass pioneer, and increase and take Tu Chang
The seed of one's native land of draft or shrub in the vegetation ecosystem of periphery, make secondary vegetation within the several years from now on gradually with natural life
The fusion of state vegetation, while sowing grass seeds by duster shrub seed, carries out the transplanting of primary shrub；Take the periphery Tu Chang ecological environment compared with
Difference is unsatisfactory for the area of transplanting condition, by the sapling of plantation purchase, repairs ecological environment as soon as possible；Finally build
Forests for water and soil conservation carrys out Fang Zhi ﹑ and reduces soil erosion；Maintenance work personnel whole year is arranged to carry out maintenance management, greening, maintenance management
Need of work continual progress throughout the year；
Step 9, fencing；Close protection to Natural Secondary Forests and artificial forest zone, pest and disease monitoring, prevention and treatment and fireproofing,
Promote to be formed based on arbor, tall shrub combines, the standing forest group that structurally reasonable stabilization is efficiently mutually coordinated with function.
2. one kind according to claim 1 takes native field ecological restoring method, which is characterized in that side slope cuts slope tool in step 4
Body step includes: that surveying setting-out, machinery cut slope, manually cut slope and side slope inspection, processing and examination.
3. one kind according to claim 1 takes native field ecological restoring method, which is characterized in that smooth construction field in step 5
The concrete measure on ground includes: comprehensive site preparation, partial soil preparation and afforestation site preparation.
4. one kind according to claim 1 takes native field ecological restoring method, which is characterized in that planting soil in step 5
When processing, minimum planting soil layer thickness necessary to plant production should meet following table regulation:
To lawn flower planting, 25 ~ 30cm should be turned over to sowing, hugs the thin area's impurity removing of flatbreaking, uses sufficient base manure, the smooth and gradient
Design requirement should be met, soil layer is inadequate when planting big tree, and the place that individual plantations are set greatly is carried out soil removal and replacement.
5. one kind according to claim 1 takes native field ecological restoring method, which is characterized in that work as grade of side slope in step 7
Include: using the concrete measure of plant biological bag method at < 60 degree
(1) it drives piles；Close to ditching on the inside of slag blocking wall, then ditch depth 0.8m disposes staking out, staking out spacing is 0.55m, backfill
And be compacted, staking out is connected and fixed using cross bar；
(2) plant biological bag packs；By the seed handled well and fiber, adhesive, water-retaining agent, compound fertilizer, slow-release fertilizer, microbial bacteria
Fertilizer is stirred and evenly mixed and is fitted into plant biological bag；
(3) plant biological bag is laid with；Plant biological bag is pressed from lower and is laid with along slope upward direction；First row plant biological bag is laid with as longitudinal, and is pushed up
Tight timber, second row is pressed upwards to be laterally laid with and is compacted, and the paving location of every two layers of plant biological bag is in delta structure；As having time
Gap is filled and led up and is compacted with soil, last row's plant biological bag of top of the slope is laid with as longitudinal.
6. one kind according to claim 1 takes native field ecological restoring method, which is characterized in that work as grade of side slope in step 7
Include: using the concrete measure of alien earth sparging method at > 60 degree
1) surveying setting-out
It is put a little by spacing 2m in length and breadth first using level meter and tape measure, determines Bower Anchor bar drill hole site, then in adjacent Bower Anchor bar
The secondary anchor pole of interpolation on intermediate point；
2) lapping, nail net
Geonet is reinforced using high zinc-plated prismatic wire netting or high strength plastics, mesh specification is 5cm × 5cm, uses air drill at rock
Or electric drill presses lm × lm spacing quincuncial arrangement anchor pole and holdfast, the long 90 ~ 100cm of anchor pole, the long 15 ~ 40cm of holdfast；Linked network construction
Shi Caiyong is unreeled from top to bottom, and adjacent two rolled steel wires net is connected and fixed with tie wire respectively, and two net junctions at least require to have
The overlapping of 10cm, holdfast lm2At least it is arranged 5；Wire netting and work surface keep certain interval, and uniformity；At steep scar
It is wrapped on wire netting at regular intervals with straw rope, to increase adhesive force, soil moved in improve the original thickness is made to be guaranteed；
3) alien earth sparging
It waters before alien earth sparging and moistens slope surface, peat, fertile soil, grass fiber, slow-release nutrient fertilizer are stirred by special-purpose machinery
It sows grass seeds by duster on wire netting after mixing, with a thickness of 2 ~ 8cm；Since to will cause stromal thickness inadequate for water supply in media forfeiture, it is desirable that injection is thick
Degree is the 125% of design thickness；
4) it sows grass seeds by duster vegetable seeds
Red fescue and annual bluegrass are selected, and increases the autochthon of draft or shrub in the vegetation ecosystem of local road periphery
Son merges secondary vegetation gradually with natural ecology vegetation within the several years from now on, the not aobvious trace manually chiseled and carved；Tall, shrub
Seed with 80 DEG C of Soaking in hot water containing seed soaking agent 1 day, soak seed before sowing grass seeds by duster 1 ~ 2 hour by herbaceous plant seeds, keeps seed water suction wet
Profit；
5) it covers
To guarantee before rainy season, vegetable seeds take root that cold season, vegetable seeds and seedling are from frostbite from rain drop erosion
Harmful and normal construction season heat and moisture preserving；It is required that covering using non-woven fabrics or straw curtain, and make every effort to carefully, to prevent in this way
Early stage non-woven fabrics is run by wind, purpose: being washed away first is that preventing work surface after molding by rain；Second is that can heat and moisture preserving, promote
The growth of plant.
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| CN109565995A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-05 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of method for recovering vegetation of dry valley engineering body excavation slope |
| CN109819712A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-05-31 | 胡鹏程 | One kind repairing remodeling method for gardens pit |
| CN111657012A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-15 | 长江岩土工程总公司（武汉） | High and steep rock slope greening structure and construction method thereof |
| CN114885731A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-12 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | Vegetation recovery method for typhoon-damaged mangrove forest land |
| CN115486311A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-12-20 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Plant community configuration method for ecological restoration of alpine lozenite and application |
| CN115530000A (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2022-12-30 | 中铁十二局集团第四工程有限公司 | Method for slope greening in high and cold areas by using underground seed bank |
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