CN116114546A - Water and soil conservation and re-greening method for alpine region - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a water and soil conservation and greening method in alpine regions, which relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and comprises the steps of collecting and processing turf and surface soil before site construction, re-paving the processed surface soil in the site after the site construction is finished, and re-paving the turf on the surface soil after maintenance treatment; adopting ecological concrete to integrate the grass layer, the surface soil layer and the basal layer of the field to form a water and soil conservation layer; selecting seedlings of a plurality of specific plant varieties, and planting the seedlings on the water and soil conservation layer. By collecting turf and surface soil on the original field and re-paving the turf and surface soil when the field is repaired after maintenance, the problems of insufficient turf paving quantity and low survival rate are solved, and the risk of species invasion is reduced; the grass layer, the surface soil layer and the basal layer of the field are connected into a whole by adopting ecological concrete to form a water and soil conservation layer, so that the field has strong anti-scouring performance.

Description

Soil and water conservation and regreening method in alpine region

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a method for water and soil conservation and regreening in alpine regions.

Background technique

Engineering water and soil loss refers to the disturbance of the surface and destruction of vegetation by engineering construction, and the soil, gravel and other erosive substances are stripped and transported under the driving of rainfall or upper water catchment, and finally flow out of the project construction area.

Compared with traditional soil and water loss, engineering soil and water loss has the following characteristics; ①, large cross-regional range (especially linear engineering), and various types of soil and water loss, such as surface erosion, ditch erosion, gravity erosion, etc., which are easy to form "surface erosion → Gully erosion→gravity erosion” erosion chain; ②, the erosion modulus is large, and the construction period can even be as high as tens of thousands t/(km ² ·a), far exceeding the extremely strong erosion intensity standard, and there are significant differences in different construction areas; ③, abandoned The amount of soil spoil is large, and geological disasters occur frequently; ④, the impact of human activities is large.

Especially in alpine regions, the ecological environment is already fragile and easily damaged. Due to the needs of economic development, the construction of projects in alpine regions has caused direct damage to soil and vegetation. Once the original fragile ecological environment is damaged, it is difficult to recover .

Contents of the invention

In view of the defects existing in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a soil and water conservation and regreening method in the alpine region to solve the problems of difficult soil and water conservation construction and difficult survival of plants after engineering construction in the alpine region.

For achieving above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:

The application provides a method for soil and water conservation and regreening in alpine regions, comprising the following steps:

Collect and treat the turf and topsoil before the construction of the site, and re-lay the treated topsoil in the above-mentioned site after the construction of the above-mentioned site is completed, and re-plant the above-mentioned turf on the above-mentioned topsoil after the maintenance treatment;

Ecological concrete is used to connect the turf layer, topsoil layer and base layer of the above site as a whole to form a soil and water conservation layer;

Seedlings of a variety of specific plant varieties are selected and arranged to be planted on the above-mentioned soil and water conservation layer.

In some optional embodiments, the turf and topsoil are collected and treated before site construction, including:

Strip off the original turf of the above site;

Set up a plateau turf storage area to store the stripped turf, cover it with a dense mesh and press it on the above turf, and regularly sprinkle water on the above turf for maintenance;

The surface of the above-mentioned site is cleaned by area, and the above-mentioned topsoil is stripped and collected, and then stored separately from the above-mentioned turf.

In some optional embodiments, multiple seedlings of specific plant species are selected and arranged to be planted in the above-mentioned site, and measures of moisturizing and heat preservation need to be taken for the above-mentioned seedlings.

In some optional embodiments, the above-mentioned seedlings are taken with moisturizing and heat preservation measures, including:

After planting the seedlings, select stones with a diameter of 1-10 cm on the spot, and cover the above-mentioned seedlings on the surface of the whole hole in the shape of the bottom of the pot with the above-mentioned seedlings as the center;

Cover the surface of the hole with a colorless transparent film, and punch a number of dotted holes on the film to facilitate the infiltration of rainwater into the hole;

Cover above-mentioned nursery stock with weeds, straw, leaves etc. around.

In some optional embodiments, after seedlings of various specific plant varieties are arranged and planted in the above-mentioned site, the above-mentioned site is identified in situ and a three-dimensional model is established to monitor the displacement of the above-mentioned water and soil conservation layer in real time.

In some optional embodiments, the real-time monitoring of the displacement of the above-mentioned soil and water conservation layer includes arranging surface deformation measuring points in the set area of the above-mentioned site, and observing the displacement of the surface measuring points of the above-mentioned soil and water conservation layer by the corner intersection method .

In some optional embodiments, the in-situ identification of the site and the establishment of a three-dimensional model also require real-time monitoring of the deep deformation of the site, the seepage water pressure of the site, and the seepage volume of the site.

In some optional embodiments, the real-time monitoring of the deep deformation of the above-mentioned site, the seepage water pressure of the above-mentioned site and the seepage volume of the above-mentioned site includes:

Drill vertically to bury inclinometer pipes at key sections of the above-mentioned sites to monitor the deep deformation of the above-mentioned sites and flood control and drainage works;

Set up permeable flower pipes at the bottom of the above-mentioned site to monitor the change of seepage water pressure inside the above-mentioned site;

A water measuring weir is used at the bottom of the above-mentioned site to monitor the seepage of the above-mentioned site.

In some optional embodiments, when the slope of the site is less than 60°, planting bags are laid on the topsoil.

In some optional embodiments, relaying the treated topsoil in the above-mentioned site includes performing anti-corrosion soil conservation and fertilization on the above-mentioned topsoil, so as to enhance the corrosion resistance of the above-mentioned topsoil.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages that: by collecting the turf and topsoil on the original site and replanting them after the maintenance, it not only solves the problems of insufficient turf planting and low survival rate problems, and reduce the risk of species invasion; by selecting a variety of specific plant varieties for planting to adapt to the planting environment in alpine regions, taking into account the early greening effect and the later vegetation slope protection function, three-dimensional restoration; by using ecological concrete The turf layer of the above site The ground layer, topsoil layer, and base layer are connected as a whole to form a soil and water conservation layer, which makes the site have strong anti-scouring performance, and takes into account the dual functions of slope stability and ecological landscape.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method for soil and water conservation and regreening in alpine regions of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of the embodiments of this application, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, the application provides a kind of soil and water conservation and regreening method in alpine regions, comprising the following steps:

S1: Collect and treat the turf and topsoil before the construction of the site. After the construction of the above-mentioned site is completed, re-lay the treated topsoil in the above-mentioned site, and re-plant the above-mentioned turf on the above-mentioned topsoil after maintenance treatment.

In some optional embodiments, step S1 includes:

S11: Strip off the original turf of the above field.

Before the construction of the site, the original turf on the site should be stripped, and the root system of the turf should be as complete as possible when stripping.

S12: Set up a plateau turf storage area to store the peeled turf, cover it with a dense mesh, and press it on the above turf, and regularly sprinkle water on the above turf for maintenance.

It can be understood that the storage of turf should consider the environmental impact of the high altitude and cold. In order to improve the survival rate of the turf, the turf should be regularly watered and maintained, and the stacking time should be avoided for too long, the storage ecological area is not suitable, the soil under the root is not suitable, and the soil on the root side is protected. Sod death caused by improper etc.

S13: Clean the surface of the above-mentioned site by area, strip and collect the above-mentioned topsoil and store it separately from the above-mentioned turf.

Since the topsoil is the storage carrier of the plant seed bank and has high nutrient content, especially for alpine regions, the plant population is fragile. Therefore, in the process of surface cleaning during construction, areas should be divided and surface cleaning should be carried out step by step to overcome the one-time cleaning. The damage caused by the table is relatively large. After cleaning the surface, the topsoil in the site is stripped and collected, and the impurities in the topsoil are screened out, so as to improve the survival rate of subsequent turf replanting on the topsoil and planting of seedlings. Weak soil layers, silt, humus, boulders, boulders, garbage, tree roots, and paddy field wet soil and frozen soil that are not suitable for the growth of turf and seedlings should be screened out.

In some optional embodiments, after the construction of the site is completed, the topsoil collected from the original site is re-paved in the site, and the turf on the original site is re-planted on the topsoil. When it is poor, the method of combining planting and sowing can also be used to improve the turf coverage effect of the site.

Especially for the slope area, the pattern of lattice paving and fiber blanket can be used when paving the above-mentioned turf. That is, the slope anchoring method of concrete frame beams is adopted, a geocell is embedded inside the concrete lattice beam, the above-mentioned topsoil is laid in the geocell, and then the turf, seeds and nutrients are mixed to form a plant fiber blanket, and the geocell is placed in the geocell. Paving can not only reduce soil erosion, but also improve the survival rate of turf and the quality of turf planting.

In some optional embodiments, when the slope of the site is less than 60°, planting bags are laid on the topsoil.

Specifically, the artificially screened planting soil is bagged to form a planting bag, and the above-mentioned planting bag is stacked on the above-mentioned topsoil, so that the bottom of the above-mentioned planting bag is in close contact with the base surface of the above-mentioned topsoil, and the exposed surface of the above-mentioned planting bag is reduced. area to increase the rooting depth of grass roots on the slope.

It can be understood that the planting soil is a soil with good physical and chemical properties, loose structure, ventilation, strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, and suitable for plant growth. If there is no planting soil, raw soil and organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer can be used instead, and fine sand can be added when the viscosity is too high. Vegetation bags are stacked on top of each other, and the thickness of the topsoil should be between 4cm and 6cm, so as to increase the depth of the root system when the vegetation bags are inserted into the topsoil, and improve the soil and water retention capacity of the site slope. At the same time, the function of the planting bag to protect the soil and seep water reduces the hydrostatic pressure of the slope, and also ensures the normal exchange of water in the soil, providing a medium for vegetation to survive, making the slope greening effect of the site more obvious and effective.

In some optional embodiments, the surface soil needs to be treated, specifically including erosion-resistant soil conservation and fertilization, so as to enhance the corrosion resistance of the surface soil.

For example, the polymer compound fertilizer can be sprayed on the topsoil, and through the self-aggregation of the polymer material, a consolidated protective layer is formed on the surface and pores of the topsoil to wrap the topsoil, enhance the strength of the topsoil, and improve the corrosion resistance of the topsoil. Polymer compound fertilizer is environmentally friendly, non-toxic and biodegradable, uses water as a solvent, has no secondary pollution, is simple to construct, responds quickly, does not need additional maintenance, fixes soil and increases fertilizer, and has obvious growth-promoting effect.

In some optional embodiments, continuous fiber filaments or short fiber filaments to a certain extent can be added to the treated topsoil by means of mechanical, air pressure or hydraulic pressure to form reinforced soil. Due to the effect of fibers, the reinforced soil forms a three-dimensional structure, its integrity will be enhanced, its strength will be increased, and its impact resistance will also be enhanced, so that the effect of water and soil conservation can be further optimized.

S2: Use ecological concrete to connect the turf layer, topsoil layer, and base layer of the above site as a whole to form a water and soil conservation layer.

It can be understood that ecological concrete has high compressive strength, can meet a certain slope load, and has a certain porosity, and has good drainage and water permeability, so that the root system of planting grass can penetrate the ecological concrete and penetrate into the underlying soil, so as to Improve the integrity and ecology of the slope. Ecological concrete is used to connect the turf layer, topsoil layer, and base layer as a whole, making the site highly resistant to erosion.

S3: Select a variety of seedlings of specific plant varieties, and arrange them to be planted on the above-mentioned soil and water conservation layer.

Due to the relatively poor species diversity in the alpine and high-altitude areas, artificial cultivation and planting resources are limited, and pasture and economical plants are more common. According to the fact that up-propagating herbaceous plants are beneficial to increase vegetation coverage, while down-propagating herbaceous plants have relatively well-developed root systems and have good slope protection effects. Leguminous plants can improve soil substrates and have well-developed shrub root systems. The above-mentioned plants are the main slope protection plants in the later stage of ecological restoration. . Therefore, the above-mentioned plant varieties are selected for configuration and planting, and native species are selected to adapt to the local natural environment and reduce the risk of species invasion. For example, Tongde Elymus brevis, Qinghai Bluegrass, Qinghai Coldland Bluegrass and Qinghai Chinese Fescue, etc. At the same time, in order to avoid destroying the principle of species diversity due to the use of a single species, plant species with different growth heights should be considered in the vertical structure, so that not only the landscape greening effect in the early stage of ecological restoration can be taken into account, but also the slope protection function of vegetation in the later stage of growth can be ensured. Promote the formation of forest stand communities with trees as the main body, combination of trees, shrubs and grasses, reasonable and stable structure, and high-efficiency functions.

In some optional embodiments, multiple seedlings of specific plant species are selected and arranged to be planted in the above-mentioned site, and measures of moisturizing and heat preservation need to be taken for the above-mentioned seedlings. Its specific steps include:

S31: After the seedlings are planted, stones with a diameter of 5-15 cm are selected on the spot, and the above-mentioned seedlings are used as the center to cover the surface of the whole hole in the shape of the bottom of the pot.

The stones cover the surface of the hole centered on the seedlings, which can not only absorb rainwater, but also effectively inhibit the evaporation of soil water.

S32: Cover the surface of the hole with a colorless transparent film, and punch a number of dotted holes on the film to facilitate rainwater to infiltrate into the hole.

The plastic film covering is to use a colorless transparent film to cover the surface of the pot-bottom-shaped hole centered on the sapling, compact the surrounding area with soil to prevent the wind from blowing away, and then punch 5-8 points on the film. , to facilitate the infiltration of rainwater into the hole, covering the plastic film can increase the ground temperature and maintain moisture.

S33: Covering the surroundings of the seedlings with weeds, straws, leaves, etc.

Grass mulching refers to covering the seedlings with weeds, straw, leaves, etc., the thickness of which is generally 2-3 cm, and then a layer of 2 cm of soil is placed on top to prevent them from being blown away by the wind. Increase soil organic matter and improve soil fertility.

In some optional embodiments, after step S3, it also includes:

S4: Carry out in-situ identification of the above-mentioned site and establish a three-dimensional model, and monitor the displacement of the above-mentioned water and soil conservation layer in real time.

It can be understood that monitoring the displacement of the soil and water conservation layer can monitor the soil and water conservation of the site and take timely measures. For example, increase the slope anchoring method of concrete frame beams, or increase the laying area of planting bags, or increase the thickness of ecological concrete, or install vertical piles in the site, etc., to control the displacement of the water and soil conservation layer.

In some optional embodiments, the real-time monitoring of the displacement of the above-mentioned soil and water conservation layer includes arranging surface deformation measuring points in the set area of the above-mentioned site, and observing the displacement of the surface measuring points of the above-mentioned soil and water conservation layer by the corner intersection method .

The corner intersection method refers to the method of setting up instruments on two or more known points to observe the horizontal angle and distance of the point to be fixed, and calculate the coordinates of the point to be fixed according to the coordinates of the known points, the observed angle value and the distance. For sites with large areas or complex topographical structures, surface deformation measuring points shall be arranged on the tops, slopes of the above-mentioned sites, and the tops of slopes excavated for flood control and drainage works, as well as the tops of bridleways, slag retaining dams, and slag retaining walls.

In some optional embodiments, the in-situ identification of the site and the establishment of a three-dimensional model also require real-time monitoring of the deep deformation of the site, the seepage water pressure of the site, and the seepage volume of the site.

It is understandable that after the site construction is completed, drainage ditches and earth dams need to be built around the site. The form of flood control and drainage works can be determined according to the specific conditions of the site, the upstream catchment area and the surrounding topographic and geological conditions, including but not limited to the combination of exposed drainage and arrangement.

Optionally, through in-situ identification, muck deployment information platform, UAV dynamic monitoring and real-time video transmission, the four-in-one site ecological restoration intelligent network management platform can monitor and manage the site.

In-situ identification uses unmanned aerial vehicle, ground penetrating radar and high-density electrical method to obtain the contour shape parameters, material composition characteristics and internal seepage field distribution of the above-mentioned site respectively, and build a three-dimensional dynamic model of the above-mentioned site; the stacking optimization design is based on the above-mentioned site Based on the 3D model of the above-mentioned site, optimize the design of the stacking structure and drainage path of the above-mentioned site to ensure the overall stability of the soil and water conservation layer, and lay the foundation for the subsequent ecological restoration of the site; Internal enhancement-surface erosion reduction-vegetation optimization" idea to build key technologies for ecological restoration of the above sites; cases show that it can improve the erosion resistance of the above site topsoil by 86%-97%, anti-scourability by 70%-80%, porosity 45%-50%, water permeability 350%-420%, and vegetation coverage increased to 90%-97%.

Specifically, in some optional embodiments, the real-time monitoring of the deep deformation of the above-mentioned site, the seepage water pressure of the above-mentioned site, and the seepage volume of the above-mentioned site includes:

Vertical boreholes are buried at key sections of the above-mentioned sites to monitor the deep deformation of the above-mentioned sites and flood control and drainage works.

Set up permeable flower pipes at the bottom of the above-mentioned site to monitor the change of seepage water pressure inside the above-mentioned site.

A water measuring weir is used at the bottom of the above-mentioned site to monitor the seepage of the above-mentioned site.

For flood control and drainage projects with high and steep excavation slopes, monitoring items such as surface deformation and deep deformation should also be arranged on the slopes excavated by flood control and drainage projects, and surface deformation monitoring items should be arranged on the top of some slag retaining dams and slag retaining walls. Monitoring items, monitoring equipment includes total station instruments, movable inclinometers, reading instruments, electric water level gauges, forced centering bases, piezometers, GPS receivers and video monitors, etc.

The water and soil conservation and regreening method in the alpine region of the present invention is to strip and collect the turf and topsoil in the original site before the site construction, and after the turf and the topsoil are maintained and replanted after the construction is completed In the site that needs to be repaired, it can improve the survival rate of turf in the alpine area, maintain the storage carrier of the plant seed bank in the alpine area, and avoid destroying the plant population in the alpine and high pressure area; The blanket mode can not only reduce water and soil erosion, but also improve the survival rate of turf and the quality of turf planting; when the slope of the site slope is less than 60°, lay planting bags on the above-mentioned topsoil to improve the water and soil conservation capacity of the site slope; The topsoil is protected against erosion and fertilized to enhance the corrosion resistance of the topsoil; the turf layer, topsoil layer, and base layer of the above-mentioned site are connected as a whole through ecological concrete to form a water and soil conservation layer, which makes the site's anti-scouring performance strong ; Carry out in-situ identification of the above-mentioned sites and establish a three-dimensional model, monitor the displacement of the above-mentioned soil and water conservation layer in real time, and take relevant measures in time to improve the speed and effect of regreening.

In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower" and so on is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description. It is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed, or operate in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the application. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection, It can also be an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediary, or an internal communication between two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific situations.

It should be noted that in this application, relative terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply There is no such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the term "comprises", "comprises" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes elements not expressly listed. other elements of or also include elements inherent in such a process, method, article, or device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus comprising said element.

The above descriptions are only specific implementation manners of the present application, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims (10)

1. The water and soil conservation and greening method in the alpine region is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

collecting and treating turf and surface soil before site construction, re-paving the treated surface soil in the site after the site construction is finished, and re-paving the turf on the surface soil after maintenance treatment;

adopting ecological concrete to integrate the grass layer, the surface soil layer and the basal layer of the field to form a water and soil conservation layer;

selecting a plurality of seedlings of specific plant varieties, and planting the seedlings on the water and soil conservation layer in a configuration mode.

2. The method for soil and water conservation and re-greening in alpine regions according to claim 1, wherein the collecting and treating of turf and topsoil prior to site construction comprises:

stripping the original turf of the field;

setting a plateau turf storage area to store the peeled turf, covering the turf with a dense mesh net, pressing the turf, and sprinkling water to maintain the turf regularly;

and cleaning the surface of the field in different areas, stripping and collecting the surface soil, and then storing the surface soil and the turf separately.

3. The method for soil and water conservation and re-greening in alpine regions according to claim 1, wherein after seedlings of a plurality of specific plant varieties are selected and planted in the field, moisture and heat preservation measures are taken for the seedlings.

4. The method for soil and water conservation and re-greening in alpine regions according to claim 3, wherein the step of taking moisture and heat preservation measures for the seedlings comprises:

selecting stone blocks with the diameter of 5-15 cm on site after seedling planting, and covering the stone blocks on the whole hole surface of the pot bottom shape by taking the seedling as the center;

covering the hole surface with colorless transparent film, and punching holes in the film to facilitate rainwater penetration into the hole;

covering the periphery of the seedling with weeds, wheat straw, leaves and the like.

5. The method for water and soil conservation and re-greening in alpine regions according to claim 1, wherein after a plurality of seedlings of specific plant varieties are planted in the field in a configuration mode, the field is subjected to in-situ recognition and a three-dimensional model is built, and displacement conditions of the water and soil conservation layer are monitored in real time.

6. The method for water and soil conservation and re-greening in alpine regions according to claim 5, wherein the monitoring of the displacement condition of the water and soil conservation layer in real time comprises the steps of arranging surface deformation measuring points in a set area of the field and observing the displacement condition of the surface measuring points of the water and soil conservation layer by a corner intersection method.

7. The method for water and soil conservation and re-greening in alpine regions according to claim 5, wherein the site is subjected to in-situ recognition and a three-dimensional model is built, and further the deep deformation condition of the site, the osmotic water pressure condition of the site and the seepage flow condition of the site are monitored in real time.

8. The method for soil and water conservation and re-greening in alpine regions according to claim 7, wherein monitoring in real time the deep deformation condition of the field, the osmotic water pressure condition of the field and the seepage flow condition of the field comprises:

drilling and burying an inclinometer pipe vertically at a key section of the field so as to monitor deep deformation conditions of the field and flood control drainage engineering;

arranging a water-permeable flower pipe at the bottom of the field so as to monitor the change condition of the water-permeable pressure in the field;

and utilizing a water measuring weir at the bottom of the field to monitor the leakage amount of the field.

9. The method for soil and water conservation and re-greening in alpine regions according to claim 1, wherein when the slope gradient of the field is less than 60 degrees, a plant growth bag is laid on the surface soil.

10. The method of water and soil conservation and re-greening in alpine regions of claim 1, wherein re-laying the treated topsoil in the field comprises, erosion-resistant soil conservation and fattening the topsoil to enhance the erosion resistance of the topsoil.

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