CN103125296B - Plant water retention pit and water retention method of Yunnan phosphorite refuse dumps - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a plant water retention pit and a water retention method of Yunnan phosphorite refuse dumps. The plant water retention pit comprises a pit, the top of the pit is opened, the middle portion of the pit is a cavity, and the bottom of the pit is closed. The plant water retention pit is characterized in that an opening groove is horizontally formed at the bottom of the pit, a filtering layer is arranged above the opening groove, a base fertilizer layer is arranged above the filtering layer, a planting soil layer is arranged above the base fertilizer layer, a plurality of slant water containing tubes are arranged in the base fertilizer layer and the planting soil layer, the bottoms of the water containing tubes are sealed, and through holes are arranged at the top portions of the water containing tubes. The plant water retention pit can effectively maintain soil moisture in a key period within three years of forest planting. The plant water retention pit fundamentally solves the problem that a planting pit is poor in water retention in a vegetation recovery procedure of the phosphorite refuse dumps, provides reliable technical supports for quick vegetation recovery of the phosphorite refuse dumps in Dianchi river basin, and is favorable for quickening courses of vegetation recovery of the phosphorite refuse dumps. Simultaneously, the plant water retention pit is suitable for water retention requirements of any plant, free of pollution, low in cost, simple in operation and good in water retention.

Description

A kind of plant water-retaining pit and water-retaining method of Yunnan phosphate mine dump

technical field

The invention relates to a plant water retention pit and a water retention method, in particular to a plant water retention pit and a water retention method used in afforestation at a phosphate dump in Yunnan, and belongs to the technical field of planting.

Background technique

The Dianchi Lake Basin in Yunnan is an important concentrated distribution area of phosphate rock in my country. The accumulation of waste rock stripped during the phosphate rock mining process is called a dump. Carrying out vegetation restoration on the phosphate mine dump in Dianchi Lake Basin can not only reduce the pressure of phosphorus pollution in Dianchi Lake, but also improve the ecological environment and increase the economic benefits of land use. However, since the rainy and dry seasons in the Dianchi Lake Basin are relatively distinct, and the soil water shortage is serious in the dry season, the first task of restoring vegetation in the dry phosphate dump is to improve the water retention capacity of the planting pits. However, at present, there are no effective water conservation measures for vegetation restoration of phosphate mine dumps in Dianchi Lake Basin, which restricts the process of vegetation restoration of phosphate mine dumps. Therefore, maintaining soil moisture for a certain period of time only through the transformation of planting pits without using chemicals is an important measure to restore vegetation in phosphate rock dumps as soon as possible.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the problem of difficult water retention in planting pits in the vegetation restoration process of the phosphate mine dump in Yunnan, the present invention provides a plant water retention pit and water retention method in the phosphate mine dump in Yunnan. To effectively maintain soil moisture during the critical period of 3 years after afforestation.

The present invention provides such a water-retaining pit for plants in a phosphate rock dump in Yunnan, which includes an open top, a cavity in the middle, and a closed bottom. A filter layer is arranged above the tank, a base fertilizer layer is arranged above the filter layer, a planting soil layer is arranged above the base fertilizer layer, and a plurality of inclined bottoms are arranged in the base fertilizer layer and the planting soil layer to close, and a through-hole water holding pipe is arranged on the upper part to pass through the bottom The open trough collects water, and then slowly transports water to the soil through the capillary action of the filter layer on the open opening. At the same time, after collecting water through a number of inclined water pipes placed on the upper part of the filter layer, the water vapor is discharged through the through holes on the upper part of the water pipe. Send it into the soil, so that the saplings planted in the planting soil layer can get enough water.

There are at least two open grooves horizontally arranged at the bottom of the pit, which are stacked on the bottom of the pit in an oblique or criss-cross manner to facilitate water collection and storage.

A subsoil layer compacted by gravel and clay is arranged under the open tank, and its thickness is 10-20 cm, so as to prevent part of the water from penetrating out of the pit.

The filter layer above the open tank is a layer of dead branches and weeds, with a thickness of 5-10 cm in order to filter water seepage from top to bottom, prevent slag and mud from entering the open tank, and support the base fertilizer layer at the same time.

The base fertilizer layer is a conventional base fertilizer required for plant growth with a thickness of 10-20 cm.

The planting soil layer is a soil layer with a thickness of 25-35 cm.

A groove is provided on the upper surface of the planting soil layer and the top surface of the pit, and the height of the groove is 3-7 cm to facilitate water collection.

The plurality of inclined water pipes are arranged at intervals around the pit, the closed bottom of each water pipe is located at the center of the pit, the upper part of the through hole is located on the wall of the pit, and the closed bottom of the water pipe is at the lower end. The upper part of the through hole of the water pipe is set as a high end, forming an inclined pipe with a low center and a high periphery, so as to collect seepage water.

The open tank and the water-holding pipe are bamboo tubes, or made of wood, or made of plastic, or made of metal, preferably bamboo tubes.

The plant water retention method of Yunnan phosphate mine dump site provided by the invention, through the following steps:

A. A 70-90cm×70-90cm pit was excavated in the Yunnan Phosphate Mine Dump Site for afforestation:

B. Tamping the subsoil layer composed of gravel and clay with a diameter of less than 2cm at the bottom of the above-mentioned pit with a thickness of 10-20 cm to prevent part of the water from penetrating out of the pit;

C. Place two layers of open troughs horizontally on the subsoil layer, at least one open trough for each layer, and stack them on the bottom of the pit in an oblique or crossed manner to facilitate water collection and storage;

D. Lay a filter layer of dead branches and weeds with a thickness of 5-10cm on the open tank to filter water seepage from top to bottom, prevent slag and mud from entering the open tank, and support the base fertilizer layer at the same time;

E. Lay the conventional basal fertilizer required for plant growth with a thickness of 10 to 20 cm on the filter layer of dead branches and weeds;

F. A plurality of water-holding pipes are arranged at intervals along the pit, and the closed bottom of each water-filling pipe is located in the center of the pit. The upper part of the through hole is located on the wall of the pit, and the closed bottom of the water-filled pipe is the The upper part of the through hole of the water pipe is set as a high end, so as to form an inclined pipe with a low center and a high periphery, so as to collect infiltrated water;

G. Fill the gaps between multiple water pipes with the soil required for plant growth to form a soil layer with a thickness of 25-35cm;

H, the sapling is planted in the soil layer as usual, the upper surface of the soil layer and the top surface of the pit are provided with grooves, and the height of the grooves is 3～7cm, so as to collect water;

1. Carry out tree planting management as usual until the saplings grow up.

The present invention has the following advantages and effects: adopting the above-mentioned scheme, a large amount of water can be collected through the bottom open tank, and then slowly transport water to the soil through the capillary action of the filter layer on the open opening, and at the same time, the water can be transported to the soil through a plurality of inclined roots placed on the upper part of the filter layer. After the water pipe collects water, the water vapor is sent into the soil through the through hole on the upper part of the water pipe, so that the saplings planted in the planting soil layer can get enough water and absorb nutrients from the base fertilizer layer, so that after afforestation Effectively maintain soil moisture during the critical period of 3 years. It fundamentally solves the problem of poor water retention in planting pits during the vegetation restoration process of phosphate rock dumps, provides reliable technical support for the rapid restoration of vegetation in phosphate rock dumps in the Dianchi Lake Basin, and is conducive to speeding up the vegetation of phosphate rock dumps recovery process. The plant water retention pit provided by the invention is suitable for the water retention requirements of any plant planting, and has the characteristics of no pollution, low cost, simple operation, good water retention effect and the like. The method is particularly suitable for plant water conservation needs of afforestation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the plant planting water retention pit structure of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

As shown in Fig. 1, the plant water retention pit of the Yunnan phosphate mine dump site provided by the present invention includes a pit 1 whose top is open, the middle part is a cavity, and the bottom is closed, and two layers of open grooves are horizontally arranged at the bottom of the pit 1 3, each layer of open groove 3 is provided with one, which is stacked on the bottom of the pit 1 in a cross, and a dead branch and weed filter layer 4 with a thickness of 3 cm is set above the open groove 3, and a thickness of 3 cm is set above the filter layer 4. The base fertilizer layer 5 of 15cm, the planting soil layer 6 with a thickness of 30cm is set above the base fertilizer layer 5, and four inclined bottoms are set in the base fertilizer layer 5 and the planting soil layer 6 to close, and the top is provided with through-hole water holding pipes 7, four The inclined water pipes 7 are arranged at intervals around the pit 1, the closed bottom of each water pipe 7 is located at the center of the pit 1, the upper part of the through hole is located on the wall of the pit 1, and the closed bottom of the water pipe 7 is the lower end. , the upper part of the through hole of the water pipe is set as a high end, forming an inclined pipe with a low center and a high periphery. The open groove 3 and the water pipe 7 are made of bamboo, and the bottom of the open groove 3 is provided with subsoil compacted by gravel and clay. Layer 2, its thickness is 15cm, to prevent part of the water from penetrating to the outside of the pit, and at the same time collect water through the open groove 3, and then through the capillary action of the filter layer 4 on the opening, slowly transport water to the soil, and at the same time pass through the filter layer 4 After the many inclined water holding pipes 7 placed on the top collect water, water vapor is sent into the soil through the through holes on the top of the water holding pipe 7, so that the saplings planted in the planting soil layer can get enough water and nutrition, and the planting soil layer 6 Groove 8 is established on the upper surface and pit 1 top surface, and the height of this groove 8 is 5cm, to facilitate water collection.

Example

The plant water retention method of Yunnan phosphate mine dump site provided by the invention, through the following steps:

A. Excavate a pit 1 of 80cm×80cm in the phosphate rock dump for afforestation:

B, at the bottom of the hole of above-mentioned hole 1, tamping thickness is the subsoil layer 2 that the diameter is less than 2cm and the subsoil layer 2 that is made up of gravel and clay of 15cm, and the wall surface around the hole is tamped, to stop part moisture from penetrating outside the hole;

C. Place two layers of bamboo open grooves 3 horizontally on the subsoil layer 2, and set one bamboo open groove 3 on each layer, which is stacked on the bottom of the pit 1 in a cross to facilitate water collection and water storage;

D, on the open groove 3 made of bamboo, lay a dead branch weed filter layer 4 with a thickness of 10cm, to filter the seepage from top to bottom, prevent slag and mud from entering the open groove 3, and support the base fertilizer layer 5 simultaneously;

E, on the litter weed filter layer 4, lay the conventional basal manure layer 5 that thickness is needed for the plant growth of 15cm;

F, the four bamboo water holding pipes 7 are arranged obliquely at intervals around the pit 1, the closed bottom of each bamboo water holding pipe 7 is located at the center of the pit 1, the upper part of the through hole is located at the wall of the pit 1, and the bamboo The closed bottom of the water holding pipe 7 is a low end, and the upper part of the through hole of the bamboo water holding pipe 7 is a high end, so as to form an inclined pipe with a low center and a high periphery, so as to collect infiltrated water;

G, fill the soil required for plant growth in the gaps between four bamboo water holding pipes 7, to form a soil layer 6 with a thickness of 30cm;

H, sapling is conventionally planted in soil layer 6, and the upper surface of this soil layer 6 and pit 1 top surface establish the groove 8 that height is 5cm, to form catchment layer;

1. Carry out tree planting management as usual until the saplings grow up.

Claims (7)

1. a Yunnan Phosphate refuse dump plant water keeping hole, comprise its top to open wide, middle part is cavity, the hole of bottom lock, it is characterized in that being horizontally disposed with open trough at the bottom of hole, this open trough at least establishes two, in skewed crossing or right-angled intersection overlay bottom hole, the top of open trough arranges filter course, this filter course is deadwood weeds layers, its thickness is 5 ~ 10cm, base manure layer is set above filter course, plantation soil layer is set above base manure layer, and the pipe that is filled with water is set in base manure layer and plantation soil layer, the described pipe that is filled with water is set to the many pipes that are filled with water tilted, the bottom lock of each pipe that is filled with water, through hole is established on top, the described many pipes that are filled with water tilted are arranged along hole circumferentially-spaced, the be filled with water closed bottom of pipe of each root is positioned at hole centre, if the top of through hole is positioned at hole wall, and the closed bottom of the pipe that is filled with water is low side, what be filled with water pipe sets the top of through hole as high-end, formation center is low, the tipping tube that periphery is high.

2. Yunnan Phosphate refuse dump as claimed in claim 1 plant water keeping hole, it is characterized in that being provided with the substratum tamped by rubble and clay below described open trough, its thickness is 10 ~ 20cm.

3. Yunnan Phosphate refuse dump as claimed in claim 1 plant water keeping hole, is characterized in that the conventional base manure of described base manure layer for thickness needed for the plant growth of 10 ~ 20cm.

4. Yunnan Phosphate refuse dump as claimed in claim 1 plant water keeping hole, is characterized in that described plantation soil layer to be thickness is the soil horizon of 25 ~ 35cm.

5. Yunnan Phosphate refuse dump as claimed in claim 1 plant water keeping hole, it is characterized in that the upper surface of described plantation soil layer and hole end face establish groove, the height of this groove is 3 ~ 7cm.

6. Yunnan Phosphate refuse dump as claimed in claim 1 plant water keeping hole, is characterized in that described open trough and the pipe that is filled with water is made for timber, or makes for plastics, or makes for metal.

7. a Yunnan Phosphate refuse dump plant water keeping method, is characterized in that through the following step:

A, excavate the hole of 70 ~ 90cm × 70 ~ 90cm in the Yunnan Phosphate refuse dump of afforestation:

B, at the bottom of the cave of above-mentioned hole compacted thickness be 10 ~ 20cm be less than the substratum that the rubble of 2cm and clay form, to stop portion of water to hole exosmosis by diameter;

C, on substratum the two-layer open trough of horizontal positioned, every one deck open trough at least establishes one, in skewed crossing or right-angled intersection overlay bottom hole, catchment to facilitate, be filled with water;

D, on open trough, laying depth is the deadwood weeds filter course of 5 ~ 10cm, to filter top-down infiltration, prevents slag, mud enters in open trough, support base manure layer simultaneously;

E, on deadwood weeds filter course the conventional base manure of lay thickness needed for the plant growth of 10 ~ 20cm;

F, the pipe that to be filled with water many are obliquely installed along hole circumferentially-spaced, the be filled with water closed bottom of pipe of each root is positioned at hole centre, if the top of through hole is positioned at hole wall, and the closed bottom of the pipe that is filled with water is low side, what be filled with water pipe sets the top of through hole as high-end, the tipping tube that center is low to be formed, periphery is high, to collect infiltration water;

G, soil needed for the many gap filling plants growths be filled with water between pipe, to form the soil horizon that thickness is 25 ~ 35cm;

H, be planted in routinely in soil horizon by sapling, this edaphic upper surface and hole end face establish groove, and the height of this groove is 3 ~ 7cm, to catchment;

I, routinely carry out tree planting management, until sapling grows up.