CN116773780B - Vegetation slope soil seepage erosion experiment measurement system and measurement method - Google Patents
Vegetation slope soil seepage erosion experiment measurement system and measurement method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vegetation slope soil seepage erosion experiment measuring system and a measuring method. The vegetation slope soil seepage and erosion experiment measurement system comprises a seepage supply device, a soil sample test device, a seepage recovery device and a monitoring device, wherein the soil sample test device comprises a root system soil sample test device and a plant soil sample test device. The system is optimized in terms of a seepage recovery device, a seepage pressurizing structure and a crack structure. The measuring method fully considers the comprehensive influence of plants on soil seepage and erosion, and can be used for experimental measurement of soil sample seepage and erosion characteristics at the death root system stage and the plant full stage. The invention realizes the full automatic acquisition of result data in the experimental in-situ after sample loading, avoids the link of industrial analysis in the laboratory after sample recovery, and solves the problem of precision control in the experimental measurement process by utilizing the automatic data acquisition structure; compared with the prior art, the technology of the invention has obvious expansion and promotion in various aspects such as the applicability of the research object, the automatic control, the experimental measurement precision control and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental measurement technology, in particular to a measurement system and a measurement method for a deformation characteristic index of a vegetation slope soil body, which belong to the technical field of soil body deformation physical quantity measurement and the technical field of measurement experiments for measuring vegetation slope soil sample damage by measuring material physical properties.
Background
The seepage damage is a soil damage phenomenon that soil particles are induced to displace by dynamic water pressure to cause pore structure change. In different seepage damage phenomena, the undercurrent refers to the phenomenon that fine particles in an internal unstable soil body migrate in pores formed by a coarse particle framework under the seepage effect, so that local porosity is increased, local porosity is reduced, and soil body fine particles finally move in the pores along with the seepage effect and are brought out of a slope body to damage the slope body. The occurrence of seepage and erosion causes the piled soil slope to collapse along the erosion channel to form unstable damage, and then causes the slope body to deform and unstably disaster, thereby being one of basic problems in the fields of geological disasters and geological engineering.
The indoor simulation experiment and measurement are the main means for researching the seepage corrosion problem, and are used for simulating the deformation characteristics of the soil sample and measuring. The habit is commonly called an indoor soil column seepage corrosion experiment. The design concept of the equipment used in the traditional indoor earth column seepage corrosion experiment is basically the same, and the equipment comprises the following components: the equipment consists of a soil column casing, a water supply device, a water collecting device, a soil particle collecting device and a monitoring and sensing device. The soil column casing is a main body of the equipment, and is filled with a test soil sample to form a tested soil column. The seepage liquid is injected from the water supply device above the tested soil column, and flows from top to bottom to enter the water collecting device and the soil particle collecting device below the soil column casing after being subjected to the tested soil column. The monitoring sensing device is arranged around the soil column tube as required to collect images or physical data. And (4) recovering a water sample and a soil sample for analysis in the test process. Such solutions are disclosed in the prior art in the "soil erosion mechanism under rainfall conditions and landslide induction study" (Zhang Lei, shanghai university of traffic, 2015), "Effects of the Erosion and Transport of Fine Particles due to Seepage Flow" (Donatella steppi. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE) 1532-3641 (2003) 3:1 (111)).
The existing indoor earth column seepage and erosion experiment using equipment is generated from the technical fields of rock mechanics, soil mechanics, geotechnical engineering and the like, and experimental measurement objects surround soil mass and particle structures thereof without considering elements except water, soil and stones. The characteristic of the experimental equipment is mainly that the experimental means is used for removing the embryo from the traditional geological geotechnical engineering experimental means, and research objects are limited to three elements of water, soil and stone and structures thereof in the traditional geological geotechnical engineering. Along with the rising of ecological geotechnical engineering and ecological disaster prevention and reduction engineering technologies, ecological/biological elements are integrated into the traditional water-soil-stone structure combination (three-element structure), and a new research object is formed on the macroscopic and microscopic levels. For example, in a relatively mature ecological slope protection project, vegetation elements are incorporated into a water-soil-stone structure to form a new water-soil-stone-plant structure (four-element structure). The novel four-element structure has the above-ground and underground composite benefits which cannot be realized by the three-element structure, and comprises the following steps: on the ground, the evolution trend of the structure and construction of the soil is influenced by means of the transpiration of the canopy; in the underground, on one hand, the structure and the structure of the underground soil are directly reconstructed, and on the other hand, the change of the structure and the structure of the soil is further influenced by changing the underground runoff, so that various environment-friendly and obvious shallow slope stability solutions are developed. However, the existing indoor soil column seepage and erosion experimental equipment does not keep up with the development of ecological geological geotechnical engineering technology, especially vegetation slope engineering technology, and an experimental measurement scheme which considers biological elements and is suitable for the damage deformation of the vegetation slope soil body is not disclosed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a vegetation slope soil seepage and erosion experimental technology, which comprises a simulation experiment measuring system and a simulation experiment measuring method. The technology takes a water-soil-stone-planting structure in ecological geotechnical engineering and ecological disaster prevention and reduction engineering technology as an experimental observation object, and is a seepage erosion experimental measurement scheme which considers biological elements and is applicable to vegetation slope soil characteristics.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention firstly provides a vegetation slope soil seepage and erosion experiment measurement system, which has the following technical scheme.
The utility model provides a vegetation side slope soil seepage flow undercut experiment measurement system, includes ooze liquid feeding device, soil sample testing device, ooze liquid recovery unit and monitoring devices, ooze liquid feeding device with ooze liquid input soil sample testing device, ooze liquid and get into ooze liquid recovery unit after flowing through soil sample testing device:
the soil sample testing device comprises a root system soil sample testing device, wherein seepage is input from the front side wall of the root system soil sample testing device by the seepage supply device, flows through the root system soil sample testing device and is discharged from the rear side wall;
the root system soil sample testing device comprises a root system soil sample container with an upper top opening, wherein a permeation assembly is arranged in the root system soil sample container, the permeation assembly sequentially comprises permeable stones, filter paper and a filter screen plate along the permeation flow direction, the permeable stones are clung to the front side wall, a water gap is reserved between the filter screen plate and the rear side wall, the filter paper is clung to the permeable stones, and a test soil sample II is filled between the filter paper and the filter screen plate; the filling height of the second test soil sample is lower than the height of the root system soil sample container; the pressurizing assembly covers the upper surface of the second test soil sample and applies vertical pressure to the second test soil sample; the side walls between the front side wall and the rear side wall of the root system soil sample container are made of transparent materials, two rows of sensor layout holes which are transversely arranged are formed in the transparent side wall, and the two rows of sensor layout holes are symmetrical about the transverse central line h of the root system soil sample container;
The seepage recovery device comprises a runoff set, and the runoff set of the seepage recovery device is connected with the rear side wall of the root system soil sample testing device through a pipeline;
the monitoring device comprises an upper computer, a measuring sensor, a camera and a pipeline flowmeter, wherein the measuring sensor, the camera and the pipeline flowmeter are connected with the upper computer, the measuring sensor is inserted into a second test soil sample through a sensor layout hole and is arranged on the contact surface of the pressurizing assembly and the second test soil sample, and the camera is opposite to the transparent side wall of the root system soil sample container;
and the second test soil sample is a mixed sample of dead roots of plants and piled soil.
Under the optimal design, the runoff set of the seepage recovery device of the system comprises a seepage container, and the seepage container is matched with a pipeline flowmeter, an electronic scale and the like of the monitoring device. When in use, the infiltration container holds clear water to the lower edge of the inner side of the sampling port.
The experimental measurement system has the further optimization scheme that: the soil sample testing device also comprises a plant soil sample testing device, wherein the seepage liquid supplying device inputs seepage liquid from the upper part of the plant soil sample testing device, and the seepage liquid is discharged from the lower part after flowing through the plant soil sample testing device; the plant soil sample testing device body is a plant soil sample cylinder arranged on the bracket, a penetration assembly is arranged in the plant soil sample cylinder, and a first testing soil sample is filled between filter paper and a filter screen plate; the cylinder wall is made of transparent material, and is provided with two rows of longitudinally arranged sensor arrangement holes which are arranged along the longitudinal center line of the plant soil sample cylinder pSymmetrical; the monitoring device also comprises a measuring sensor inserted into the second test soil sample through a sensor layout hole and a camera with a machine position opposite to the plant soil sample cylinder; the seepage recovery device further comprises a vertical flow group, the vertical flow group of the seepage recovery device is connected to the rear of the plant soil sample testing device through a pipeline, a funnel is additionally arranged on the vertical flow group compared with the radial flow group, the funnel is arranged below the filter screen plate, and seepage is collected and collected into a seepage container; the first test soil sample is a piled soil sample, and a sample plant is planted in the first test soil sample.
To expand the functionality of the experimental measurement system, the system further comprises a fracture member. The crack piece is an independent accessory of the soil sample seepage and corrosion experiment system and is selected for use according to the experiment purpose. When the test soil sample is used, the crack piece is inserted into the middle part of the test soil sample in the process of filling the test soil sample. The crack piece is used for simulating the three-dimensional shape of the crack in the soil body in an experiment, and the whole shape of the crack piece simulates the three-dimensional shape of the crack of the study object. The whole structure can be a regular structure or a tree branch structure. The crack piece main body is a top opening container, the side wall and the bottom surface are processed by a water permeable plate, and the opening container is filled with gravel samples.
The invention also provides a vegetation slope soil seepage and erosion experiment measurement method, which is used for soil sample seepage and erosion experiment measurement in the death root system stage or soil sample seepage and erosion experiment measurement in the plant whole stage.
The vegetation slope soil seepage and erosion experiment measurement method realized by using the vegetation slope soil seepage and erosion experiment measurement system comprises the following steps: is used for soil sample seepage corrosion experimental measurement at the death root system stage,
stage 1, preparation stage
Setting experimental material parameters according to research purposes, wherein the experimental material parameters comprise: the method comprises the steps of testing a secondary soil sample component index, testing a secondary soil sample moisture content, testing a secondary soil sample pore ratio, seepage physicochemical indexes, seepage design flow, monitoring device data recording interval time of each terminal, testing a secondary soil sample middle measuring sensor measuring position, testing a secondary soil sample design pressure, a root system soil sample container design standing time and an experiment duration, wherein the secondary soil sample component index is plant death root species, piled soil species, soil particle proportion and plant death root volume density RV;
preparing seepage liquid and a second test soil sample;
stage 2, root System test stage
Step 1, device installation and debugging
Filling a second test soil sample into a root system soil sample container, inserting a measuring sensor into a measuring position in the second test soil sample through a sensor layout hole, arranging a row of matrix suction sensors and a row of water content sensors, wrapping the root system soil sample container with a shading and heat insulating material, and standing for design time;
Injecting clear water into the seepage container of the seepage recovery device, and leading the water level to reach the lower edge of the inner side of the sampling port;
the pressure sensor is arranged on the contact surface of the water injection rubber bag and the test soil sample II;
step 2, test
Starting a monitoring device, and checking initial states of all the measuring sensors, the cameras, the pipeline flowmeter and the electronic scale by an upper computer, so as to ensure zero clearing of readings of the pipeline flowmeter and the electronic scale;
the pressurizing assembly injects water into the water injection rubber bag and pressurizes the water injection rubber bag until the pressure of the contact surface between the water injection rubber bag and the test soil sample reaches the design pressure;
starting a monitoring device, wherein an upper computer regulates and controls the working states of all the measuring sensors, the cameras and the pipeline flowmeter, and records the data of the measuring sensors, the cameras, the pipeline flowmeter of the seepage recovery device and the electronic scale according to the interval time;
starting a seepage supply device to enable seepage to enter a root system soil sample testing device, and keeping the design flow;
ending the experiment duration design time;
step 3, data acquisition and measurement
The upper computer) collects soil matrix suction data and soil water content data under the two design pressure indexes of the seepage design flow and the test soil sample in the experimental process, collects the development process data of the wetting front shot by the camera, collects the volume V data of the liquid flow in the pipeline after the sampling port of the seepage container in the seepage recovery device, and collects the change data m of the electronic scale;
Calculating and determining the seepage parameter V according to the formulas 1-5 w 、m w 、V s 、m s ，
1 (1)
2, 2
3
4. The method is to
5. The method is to
Wherein V is the volume of liquid entering the recovery line, unit m 3 Measured by a pipeline flowmeter,
V w 、V s the volumes of water and soil particles in the permeate are respectively in cm 3 ，
m-electronic scale reading change, unit g, measured by electronic scale,
ρ w density of water in g/cm 3 A constant,
d s specific gravity of the soil particles of the piled soil, unit g/cm 3 The parameters of the experimental materials are determined,
m w 、m s the mass of water and soil particles in the permeate, in g, respectively.
The optimal scheme of the vegetation slope soil seepage and erosion experiment measurement method is used for soil sample seepage and erosion experiment measurement of plants in all stages, and the soil sample testing device also comprises a plant soil sample testing device in a measurement system required to be used at the moment. The specific scheme is as follows.
Stage 1, preparation stage
Setting experimental material parameters according to research purposes, wherein the experimental material parameters comprise: sample plant, water content of first test soil sample and second test soil sample, void ratio of first test soil sample and second test soil sample, dead root volume ratio RV of second test soil sample 2 The method comprises the steps of measuring the specific gravity of piled soil particles, physical and chemical indexes of seepage, design flow of seepage in each stage, measuring positions of measuring sensors in a first test soil sample and a second test soil sample, working pressure of a pressurizing assembly, data recording interval time of each terminal of a monitoring device in each stage, standing time of the soil sample in the stage test and experimental duration time of each stage;
Preparing seepage liquid;
stage 2, plant testing stage
Step 1, device installation and debugging
Configuring a first test soil sample;
filling a first test soil sample into a plant soil sample cylinder, inserting a measuring sensor into a first test soil sample through a sensor layout hole, arranging a row of matrix suction sensors and a row of water content sensors, planting sample plants, and wrapping the plant soil sample cylinder by using a shading and heat insulating material;
step 2, test
Regulating ecological factor condition in sample plant proper growth level to maintain healthy growth of plant;
starting a monitoring device, and checking all measuring sensors and pipeline flow meters by an upper computer;
starting a seepage supply device to enable seepage to enter a plant soil sample testing device to keep seepage design flow;
the upper computer regulates and controls the working states of all the measuring sensors and the pipeline flowmeter, and records data according to the interval time of the measuring sensors;
the experiment continues until the design time is over, and the seepage supply device is closed;
stage 3, fresh root System test stage
Step 1, device installation and debugging
Cutting off the overground part of the sample plant in the last test stage;
injecting clear water into the seepage container of the seepage recovery device, and leading the water level to reach the lower edge of the inner side of the sampling port;
step 2, test
Starting a monitoring device, and checking initial states of all the measuring sensors, the cameras, the pipeline flowmeter and the electronic scale by an upper computer, so as to ensure zero clearing of readings of the pipeline flowmeter and the electronic scale;
starting a seepage supply device to enable seepage to enter a plant soil sample testing device, and keeping the design flow;
the upper computer regulates and controls the working states of all the measuring sensors, the cameras and the pipeline flowmeter, and records data according to the interval time of each monitoring terminal (the measuring sensors, the cameras, the seepage recovery device pipeline flowmeter and the electronic scale);
the experiment continues until the design time is over, and the seepage supply device is closed;
step 3, data acquisition and parameter measurement
The upper computer collects the seepage design flow and the soil mass suction data and the soil water content data under the index of the design pressure of the test soil sample in the experimental process, collects the development process data of the wetting front shot by the camera, collects the volume V data of the liquid flow in the pipeline after the sampling port of the seepage container in the seepage recovery device, and collects the change data m of the electronic scale;
calculating and determining the seepage parameter V according to the formulas 1-5 w 、m w 、V s 、m s ，
Stage 4, death root System test stage
Step 1, device installation and debugging
Digging out the root system part of the sample plant at the previous stage, cutting, and mixing with the first test soil sample to prepare a second test soil sample;
Filling a second test soil sample into a root system soil sample container, inserting a measuring sensor into a measuring position in the second test soil sample through a sensor layout hole, arranging a row of matrix suction sensors and a row of water content sensors, wrapping the root system soil sample container with a shading and heat insulating material, and standing for design time;
injecting clear water into the seepage container of the seepage recovery device, and leading the water level to reach the lower edge of the inner side of the sampling port;
the pressure sensor is arranged on the contact surface of the water injection rubber bag and the test soil sample II;
step 2, test
Starting a monitoring device, and checking initial states of all the measuring sensors, the cameras, the pipeline flowmeter and the electronic scale by an upper computer, so as to ensure zero clearing of readings of the pipeline flowmeter and the electronic scale;
the pressurizing assembly injects water into the water injection rubber bag and pressurizes the water injection rubber bag until the pressure of the contact surface between the water injection rubber bag and the test soil sample reaches the design pressure;
starting a seepage supply device to enable seepage to enter a root system soil sample testing device to keep seepage design flow;
starting a monitoring device, wherein an upper computer regulates and controls the working states of all the measuring sensors, the cameras and the pipeline flowmeter, and records the data of the measuring sensors, the cameras, the pipeline flowmeter of the seepage recovery device and the electronic scale according to the interval time;
the experiment continues until the design time is over, and the seepage supply device is closed;
Step 3, data acquisition and parameter measurement
Refer to stage 3, step 3.
The vegetation slope soil seepage erosion experiment measurement method can measure the influence coefficient A of the root system on the erosion amount. The specific scheme is as follows.
The complete soil seepage and erosion test scheme designed according to the research purpose essentially comprises different groups of soil seepage and erosion tests (respectively corresponding to different test conditions). In each group of soil seepage and erosion experiments, an experiment group (the test object comprises plant roots) and a blank control group (bare soil after the plant roots are removed in the test object of the experiment group) are simultaneously arranged, and the influence coefficient A (hereinafter referred to as the influence coefficient A) of the root system of the soil seepage and erosion experiment can be measured by utilizing RV, m and V experimental variables of each experiment. The influence coefficient a is calculated according to equation 6, or a curve function of a is established (equation 7),
6. The method is to
7. The method of the invention
Wherein, the influence coefficient of the A-root system volume density RV on the erosion amount,
m sed root system soil erosion amount and m corresponding to V end point value s Unit m 3 ，
m′ sed Bare soil erosion amount, m sed The control values, in g,
RV-root system density in%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) The vegetation side slope soil seepage and erosion experiment measurement technology solves the technical problems that in the existing soil sample seepage and erosion experiment technology, an experiment research object only surrounds soil mass and a particle structure thereof, the influence of vegetation elements is not considered, and the technical requirements of ecological geotechnical engineering and ecological disaster prevention and reduction engineering technology experiment cannot be met, introduces the soil sample seepage and erosion experiment technology into a new stage, and improves the value of the soil sample seepage and erosion experiment means in ecological geotechnical engineering scientific research and technology development. (2) The invention fully considers the comprehensive influence of plants on soil seepage and erosion by design of a vegetation side slope soil seepage and erosion experiment measurement technical scheme, and specifically comprises the following steps: the influence of the transpiration of the living body part on the plant on the ground on the water distribution of the soil body and the influence of the modification of the underground part on the soil body property on the surface water infiltration process are considered, and two different influence mechanisms of the underground residual body part on the underground radial catchment and the underground runoff process are considered; two different influence modes of seepage corrosion in living phases and death phases in the plant life history process are considered; different influence modes of whether the soil body crack structure has seepage potential or not are considered. (3) The invention relates to a seepage recovery device of a vegetation side slope soil seepage potential experiment measurement system, which is a brand new design. The measuring objects of the seepage corrosion experiment are mainly 4 indexes of seepage liquid (water and soil particle mixed liquid), namely the mass and the volume of water in the seepage liquid and the mass and the volume of soil particles respectively. The measuring method adopted in the prior art is to recover the seepage, filter and separate, and dry in a laboratory. The operation of the link is simple and easy to realize, but the possibility of completing the whole experiment in situ is limited because the sample liquid is required to be brought back to a laboratory to be completed in the later period, the sample recovery and transportation burden is increased, and the technical obstacle of realizing automatic control of the soil sample seepage and corrosion experiment is further formed. The seepage recovery device of the system can realize that the 4 indexes can be measured and collected in situ through the exquisite combination on the premise of completely using conventional experimental equipment, so that the burden of sample recovery and transportation is avoided, the experimental analysis time is shortened, and the step of soil sample seepage underetching experiment after sample loading can be completely and automatically controlled. By utilizing the integral regulation and control of the central control unit, the experimental result data can be automatically acquired only by a simple circuit structure and analyzed by combining experimental condition data, thereby obviously improving the efficiency of soil sample seepage and erosion experiments. Furthermore, the independent indexes of the water in the seepage and the soil particles can be acquired in real time, so that the change trend of the indexes can be used as the index of the progressive degree of the seepage and erosion phenomenon, and the control precision of the soil sample seepage and erosion experiment is improved. The seepage recovery device has ingenious conception, economical materials and simple control, and is particularly suitable for popularization and application in soil sample seepage corrosion experiments. (4) The pressurization assembly design water injection rubber bag of the vegetation side slope soil seepage and erosion experiment measurement system has obvious technical advantages: firstly, the outer contour of the rubber bag is ductile, can be matched with the shape of the container bin, and is almost completely attached to the test soil sample below, so that the pressure is balanced and soft. Especially, the soil body is subjected to piping phenomenon, and under the condition that the surface is partially sunken and collapses, the water injection rubber bag can still ensure that the whole upper surface of the soil sample is uniformly pressed. This is not possible with mechanical parts pressurization; secondly, the water injection rubber bag is used as a pressurizing component, and the airtight design of the container is not needed, which cannot be realized by adopting gas conduction pressurization. Thirdly, the water injection rubber bag is pressurized by water injection, occupies small volume after water discharge, can fully utilize limited experimental conditions, is convenient for equipment transportation and storage, and provides cheapness for field environment experiment development. (5) When a crack structure exists in a test soil sample of the soil sample seepage and erosion test, the soil body can be induced to flow preferentially along a crack channel due to the fact that the crack structure has higher permeability coefficient and lower air inlet pressure, so that the seepage and erosion phenomenon is uniquely influenced. The crack piece design of the vegetation slope soil seepage and erosion experiment measurement system can provide conditions for such simulation experiments. Meanwhile, the design method of the crack piece provides a method for completing the selection of main morphological structure parameters of the crack piece according to different experimental purposes. The crack piece and the design method thereof expand the experimental range of the existing soil sample seepage corrosion experimental measurement technology. (6) The experimental measurement system utilizes the conventional common raw material combination in the laboratory to greatly improve the efficacy of the existing similar products in various aspects such as the applicability of research objects, automatic control, experimental measurement precision control and the like. Is an economical, practical and applicable technical scheme.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vegetation slope soil seepage and erosion experiment measurement system according to an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of section A-A of fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a permeate component assembly.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a plant soil sample testing device.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the use state of the crack piece in the experimental measurement system (a shows the straight column piece, B big up and small bar piece).
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of several branched cross sections of a crack member (A X, B Y, C feathered/tree).
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a plant full-stage vegetation slope soil sample seepage corrosion experimental measurement scheme.
FIG. 8 shows the influence coefficient A of fresh root system at 20 stages of an experiment 20 Graph (flow rate 25L/h).
FIG. 9 shows the influence coefficient A of fresh root system at 30 stages of an experiment 30 Graph (flow rate 25L/h).
The numerical designations in the drawings are respectively:
1 a seepage liquid supply device; 2, a soil sample testing device; 21 plant soil sample testing device; 211 plant soil sample barrels; 212 a bracket; 22 root system soil sample testing devices; 221 root system soil sample containers; 222 water gap; 223 water-filling rubber bags; 224 covers; 23 split pieces; 231 open container; 232 gravel sample; a 24 permeation module; 241 permeable stone; 242 filter paper; 243 screen panels; 25 sensor arrangement holes; 3, a seepage recovery device; 31 a seepage container; 32 sampling ports; 33 funnels; 4, a monitoring device; 41 upper computer; 42 a measurement sensor; a 43 camera; a 44 line flow meter; 45 electronic scale; 51 testing a first soil sample; 52 testing a second soil sample; 53 sample plants.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the experimental measurement system for the soil seepage and erosion of the processed vegetation slope.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a soil sample seepage potential experiment system in an embodiment; FIG. 2 is a schematic view in section A-A of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a permeate component assembly. The dashed arrows in each figure indicate the permeate flow direction, as follows.
The soil sample seepage and corrosion experiment system comprises a seepage liquid supply device 1, a soil sample testing device 2, a seepage liquid recovery device 3 and a monitoring device 4, wherein seepage liquid is input into the soil sample testing device 2 by the seepage liquid supply device 1, and enters the seepage liquid recovery device 3 after flowing through the soil sample testing device 2.
The soil sample testing device 2 comprises a root system soil sample testing device 22, and the seepage liquid supply device 1 inputs seepage liquid from the front side wall of the root system soil sample testing device 22, and discharges the seepage liquid from the rear side wall after flowing through the root system soil sample testing device 22.
The main body of the root system soil sample testing device 22 is a root system soil sample container 221 with an upper top opening, a permeation component 24 is arranged in the root system soil sample container 221, the permeation component 24 sequentially comprises a permeable stone 241, a filter paper 242 and a filter screen plate 243 along the permeation flow direction, the permeable stone 241 is clung to the front side wall, a water passing gap 222 (the water passing gap is generally set as a gap with the width of 50 mm) is arranged between the filter screen plate 243 and the rear side wall, the filter paper 242 is clung to the permeable stone 241, and a second test soil sample 52 is filled between the filter paper 242 and the filter screen plate 243; the filling height of the second test soil sample 52 is lower than the height of the root soil sample container 221. The side wall between the front side wall and the rear side wall of the root system soil sample container 221 is processed by transparent materials, two rows of sensor layout holes 25 which are transversely arranged are formed in the transparent side wall, and the two rows of sensor layout holes 25 are arranged on the transverse center line of the root system soil sample container 221 hSymmetrical.
The pressurizing component covers the upper surface of the second test soil sample 52 to apply vertical pressure to the second test soil sample 52; the pressurizing assembly comprises a water injection rubber bag 223, the shape of the water injection rubber bag 223 is matched with the inner cavity of the root system soil sample container 221, and the water injection rubber bag is covered on the upper surface of the second test soil sample 52; the cover 224 covers the water injection rubber bag 223 and is fixedly connected with the root system soil sample container 221. The cover 224 can restrict the excessive expansion of the volume after the water injection of the water injection rubber bag 223 and provide a force opposite to the expansion direction, thereby securing the pressurizing effect.
The root system soil sample vessel 221 is generally shaped with a regular cross-section, such as a cylinder or rectangle.
The seepage recovery device 3 comprises a runoff set, and the runoff set of the seepage recovery device 3 is connected with the rear side wall of the root system soil sample testing device 22 through a pipeline. The runoff set of the seepage recovery device 3 comprises a seepage container 31, filter paper 242 is arranged at the inner side of a sampling port 32 of the seepage container 31, a recovery pipeline is connected with the outer side of the sampling port 32, and a pipeline flowmeter 44 is arranged on the recovery pipeline; the monitoring device 4 comprises an electronic scale 45 positioned below the infiltration container 31, and the electronic scale 45 is in circuit connection with the upper computer 41.
The monitoring device 4 comprises an upper computer 41, a measuring sensor 42, a camera 43 and a pipeline flowmeter 44, wherein the measuring sensor 42 is connected with the upper computer 41 in a circuit mode, the measuring sensor 42 is inserted into a second test soil sample 52 through a sensor arrangement hole 25, the measuring sensor is arranged on the contact surface of the pressurizing assembly and the second test soil sample 52, and the camera 43 is opposite to the transparent side wall of the root system soil sample container 221.
The soil sample seepage corrosion experiment system is used for testing seepage corrosion of dead root system stage, and the test soil sample II 52 is a mixed sample of plant dead root and accumulated soil.
In this embodiment, the pressurizing assembly further includes a water supply unit connected to the water injection rubber bag 223. The measurement sensor 42 includes a matrix suction sensor and/or a moisture content sensor and/or a pressure sensor. The liquid seepage supply device 1 is provided with a pipeline flowmeter 44.
Example two
As shown in fig. 4, the experimental measurement system for soil seepage and erosion of the processed vegetation slope is optimized on the basis of the product of the embodiment one, and the soil sample testing device 2 further comprises a plant soil sample testing device 21.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a plant soil sample testing device.
The soil sample testing device 2 further comprises a plant soil sample testing device 21, and the seepage liquid supply device 1 inputs seepage liquid from the upper side of the plant soil sample testing device 21, and discharges seepage liquid from the lower side after flowing through the plant soil sample testing device 21.
The main body of the plant soil sample testing device 21 is a plant soil sample cylinder 211 arranged on a bracket 212, a penetration assembly 24 is arranged in the plant soil sample cylinder 211, and a first testing soil sample 51 is filled between filter paper 242 and a filter screen plate 243; the cylinder wall is made of transparent material, two rows of sensor arrangement holes 25 are arranged on the cylinder wall in a longitudinal direction, and the two rows of sensor arrangement holes 25 are arranged on the longitudinal center line of the plant soil sample cylinder 211 pSymmetrical.
The seepage recovery device 3 further comprises a vertical flow group, the vertical flow group of the seepage recovery device 3 is connected to the plant soil sample testing device 21 through a pipeline, a funnel 33 is additionally arranged on the vertical flow group in comparison with the runoff group in the first embodiment, the funnel 33 is arranged below the filter screen plate 243, and seepage is collected and is converged into the seepage container 31.
The monitoring device 4 further comprises a measuring sensor 42 inserted into the test soil sample one 51 through the sensor arrangement hole 25, and a camera 43 positioned opposite to the plant soil sample cylinder 211.
The soil sample seepage corrosion experiment system is used for testing seepage corrosion of live plants or the stage of newly dead plants, and the first test soil sample 51 is a piled soil sample.
Example III
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the functions of the first experimental measurement system and the second experimental measurement system of the crack member expansion embodiment are added.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the use state of the fracture member in the soil sample seepage and erosion experiment system (A shows the straight column member and B big upper and small lower bar members).
The body of the crack member 23 is an open container 231 with an open top, the side wall and the bottom are made of water permeable plates, and the open container 231 is filled with gravel samples 232. The water permeable plate is generally a porous plate or a filter screen plate.
In the experiment, the entire slit member 23 was generally designed in a regular structure. In particular, it may be a straight column or a bar with a large upper part and a small lower part, the latter being a wedge or trapezoid. According to the experimental purposes, if experimental study relates to sliding and pulling crack landslide, the crack piece is designed into a straight column piece which is uniform up and down; if a sliding slope with creeping and pulling crack is involved, the crack piece is designed as a big-end-up piece.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of several branched cross sections of a crack member (A X, B Y, C feathered/tree).
The cross-sectional shape and main structural parameters of the regular-structure crack piece 23 are determined according to experimental purposes, and are generally designed into regular shapes, such as rectangle, circle and the like; or is designed into a branch shape which imitates the crack trend of the soil body, such as an X type, a Y type, a pinnate/tree branch and the like. If the experimental study object relates to the rear edge of the landslide body, the cross section of the crack piece 23 is designed into a regular shape; if landslide body flanks and leading edges are involved, the cross section of the ripping member 23 is generally designed to be branched to mimic the ripping behavior of the soil body. The length of the crack member 23 is determined for experimental purposes and may be inserted into the bottom of the test soil sample or may be suspended without bottoming.
The primary structural parameters of the slit member 23 include lengthyWidth of the containerxMaximum cracking degreeb(refer to the maximum geometric width of the cross section of the crack piece), the surface area per unit length (refer to the surface area per axial length of the crack piece), the ratio of the upper width to the lower widthr(referring to the ratio of the same parameters in cross-sections of different locations of the crack member, the straight column member)r=1). In addition, the different shape of the crack piece 23 designed according to different experimental purposes can also be designed with specific structural parameters.
The major structural parameters of the fracture member 23 also include particulate characteristics of the gravel sample 232, including particle size distribution, packing void ratio. These indices are determined for experimental purposes.
Example IV
The vegetation slope soil seepage and erosion experiment measurement system is used for carrying out vegetation slope soil seepage and erosion experiment measurement and is used for researching soil sample seepage and erosion experiment in the death root system stage.
1. Material preparation
Setting experimental material parameters, including the following:
(1) Testing soil sample two 52 parameters
Testing two 52 component indexes of the soil sample (including that the plant death root species is amorpha fruticosaAmorpha fruticoseLinn.), plant dead root volume density RV (i.e., the ratio of plant dead root volume to test soil sample two volumes), moisture contentωRatio of pore spaceeThe piled soil is collected from loose piled soil and soil grain proportion in a mud stone flow source area of a city river weir.
The dead roots of the plants were cut (typically 5 cm to 15 cm) and mixed with the piled soil, and test soil sample two 52 was prepared according to the above parameters.
(2) Parameters of liquid permeation
Common tap water (no specific physicochemical index is designed) is used as the seepage liquid.
(3) Measuring and operating state parameters
Matrix suction sensor (2100F matrix suction)Force sensor), water content sensor (EC-5 water content sensor), pressure sensor (CYY 9 soil pressure sensor), pipeline flowmeter (GY-LDE pipeline liquid flowmeter), and measuring sensor 42 measuring position in test soil sample two 52 A i Design flow rate of seepageaTesting design pressure of soil sample two 52fThe working state parameters of each measuring sensor 42, the data recording interval time of each terminal of the monitoring device 4t i∆ Standing time of root system soil sample container 221t 1 Duration of the experimentt 2 。
2. Root system testing stage
2.1 Device installation commissioning
The second test soil sample 52 is filled into the root soil sample container 221. The layered filling method is adopted during filling, so that the filling quality is ensured. The measuring sensor 42 is inserted into the measuring position of the second test soil sample 52 through the sensor arrangement hole 25A i A row of matrix suction sensors and a row of moisture sensors are arranged, i.e. a matrix suction sensor and a moisture sensor are arranged in pairs in the cross section of each sensor arrangement hole 25. The root soil sample vessel 221 is wrapped with a light shielding and heat insulating material. Standing timet 1 。
The water is injected into the seepage container 31 of the seepage recovery device 3, and the water level reaches the lower edge of the inner side of the sampling port 32.
The pressure sensor is arranged on the contact surface of the water injection rubber bag 223 and the second test soil sample 52.
2.2 Experimental test
The monitoring device 4 is started, and the upper computer 41 checks the initial states of all the measuring sensors 42, the cameras 43, the pipeline flowmeter 44 and the electronic scale 45, so that the readings of the pipeline flowmeter 44 and the electronic scale 45 are cleared.
The pressurizing component injects water into the water injection rubber bag 223 and pressurizes the water injection rubber bag 223 to the pressure of the contact surface of the water injection rubber bag 223 and the second test soil sample 52 to the design pressuref。
Starting the seepage liquid supply device 1 to enable seepage liquid to enter the root system soil sample testing device 22, and maintaining the design flowa。
The upper computer 41 regulates and controls all the measuring sensors 42, the camera 43,The operating state of the pipeline flowmeter 44 is determined according to the time interval between the monitoring terminals (the measuring sensor 42, the camera 43, the pipeline flowmeter 44 of the seepage recovery device 3 and the electronic scale 45)t i∆ Data is recorded.
Duration of the experimentt 2 At the end, the permeate supply apparatus 1 is closed.
3. Data acquisition and parameter measurement
The upper computer 41 collects the design flow of different seepage in each group of experiment processaDesign pressure with test soil sample two 52fUnder the index, soil matrix suction data and soil water content data; collecting the wetting front evolution process data shot by the camera 43 (black cloth can be used as shooting background for improving shooting quality); liquid flow in a pipeline behind a sampling port 32 of a self-seepage container 31 in a seepage recovery device 3 is collectedqVolume and volumeVData; collecting change data of electronic scale 45m。
Since the infiltration vessel 31 is filled with water to the inner lower edge of the sampling port 32 in the initial state, when infiltration liquid (volume V w Is of water and volume V s The mixed liquid of the soil particles) from the root system soil sample testing device 22 into the infiltration vessel 31 (volume V s ) Is intercepted by the filter paper 242 of the sampling port 32 and remains in the infiltration vessel 31. Liquid that overflows from the sampling port 32 into the outside recovery line simultaneously comprises two parts: equal volume of water (volume V) s ) Water in the permeate (volume V w ). Thus, the line flow meter 44 measurement data V on the recovery line is expressed by equation 1. The change data m of the electronic scale 45 below the infiltration container 31 is the volume V s The soil particles of (2) are of poor quality with the same volume of water, expressed by formula (2). The combination formula 1, the formula 2 and the formula 3 are substituted into the known terms m and d s 、ρ w V, calculate V s 、V w Calculating m according to the formulas 4 and 5 s 、m w . From this, 4 measurement results of the experiment were obtained, i.e. the volume of water in the permeate V w Mass m w Volume V of soil particles s Mass m s 。
According to the principle of parameter measurement, the experimental duration can be calculatedt 2 Is improved. The design of the duration of the continuous experiment is that in the traditional soil sample seepage and erosion experiment, the fixed duration is generally determined empirically, or the experiment is ended when no soil particles appear in the seepage liquid. By utilizing the seepage recovery device, the experimental design precision requirement can be determined first, and when the variation amplitude of the electronic scale reading curve in unit time meets the experimental design precision, the stage experiment can be ended. Thereby, the control accuracy of the stage experiment can be improved.
Example five
As shown in FIG. 7, the experimental measurement of the soil seepage and erosion of the vegetation slope is carried out by using the experimental measurement system of the soil seepage and erosion of the vegetation slope in the second embodiment, and the experimental measurement system is used for the experimental research of the soil sample seepage and erosion of the vegetation slope in the whole stage.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a plant full-stage vegetation slope soil sample seepage corrosion experimental measurement scheme.
Because of the design requirement of experimental grouping, the used concrete soil sample seepage and erosion experimental system is provided with a plurality of groups of root system soil sample testing devices 22 and plant soil sample testing devices 21, so that the overall structure of the system is not exactly the same as that of the concrete processed product of the second embodiment, but belongs to the technical conception of the invention.
The plant full-stage soil sample seepage corrosion experimental scheme comprises 3 stages, namely: plant test stage, fresh root test stage, dead root test stage. All experimental group settings are shown in table 1. The repetition of each set of experiments was set up, and for the sake of brevity, description of the repeated set was omitted below.
TABLE 1 grouping scheme for plant full-stage soil sample seepage potential experiments
| Experimental stage | Soil sample testing device dress appearance |
| 10 plant testing stage | Planting sample plant 53 and testing soil sample one 51 |
| Stage 20 fresh root System test | Cutting off aerial parts of the sample plants 53 on a 10-stage basis |
| Stage 30 death root system test | Continuing to configure test soil sample two 52 from 20-stage sample |
1. Material preparation
Preparing the seepage liquid for standby.
2. 10 plant testing stage
2.1 Device installation commissioning
A test soil sample 51 is configured.
Taking out the permeable stone 241 and the filter paper 242 of the infiltration assembly 24 in the plant soil sample testing device 21, filling the first test soil sample 51 into the plant soil sample cylinder 211, and adopting a layered filling method during filling to ensure the filling quality. The measuring sensor 42 is inserted into the measuring position of the first test soil sample 51 through the sensor arrangement hole 25A i1 A row of matrix suction sensors and a row of water content sensors are arranged, namely, a matrix suction sensor and a water content sensor are arranged in pairs on the cross section of each sensor arrangement hole 25; planting a sample plant 53; the plant soil sample cylinder 211 is wrapped with a light shielding and heat insulating material.
2.2 Experimental test
Regulating ecological factor condition in the proper level of amorpha fruticosa, and maintaining healthy growth of plant.
The monitoring device 4 is started, and the upper computer 41 checks all the measuring sensors 42 and the pipeline flowmeter 44.
Starting the seepage liquid supply device 1 to enable seepage liquid to enter the plant soil sample testing device 21, and maintaining the design flowa 1 。
The upper computer 41 regulates and controls all the measuring sensors 42 and pipesThe operation state of the road flowmeter 44 is determined according to the design interval time of the measuring sensor 42 t ∆1 Data is recorded.
The period experiment was continued until the end of the time period, and the liquid permeation supply means 1 was turned off. The experimental duration of this stage is determined according to the experimental design growth indicator of the sample plant 53 growth.
2.3 Data acquisition and measurement
The upper computer 41 collects the design flow of different seepage in each group of experiment processaSoil matrix suction data and soil water content data under the index.
3. Stage 20 fresh root System test
3.1 Device installation commissioning
For each set of experiments during the 10 plant testing phase, the aerial parts of each set of sample plants 53 were cut off, and the permeable stones 241 and filter papers 242 of the infiltration assembly 24 were overlaid on the test soil sample one 51. The permeable stone 241 can be covered to ensure the seepage effect of seepage.
The water is injected into the seepage container 31 of the seepage recovery device 3, and the water level reaches the lower edge of the inner side of the sampling port 32.
3.2 Experimental test
The monitoring device 4 is started, and the upper computer 41 checks the initial states of all the measuring sensors 42, the cameras 43, the pipeline flowmeter 44 and the electronic scale 45, so that the readings of the pipeline flowmeter 44 and the electronic scale 45 are cleared.
Starting the seepage liquid supply device 1 to enable seepage liquid to enter the plant soil sample testing device 21, and maintaining the design flowa 2 。
The upper computer 41 regulates the working states of all the measuring sensors 42, the cameras 43 and the pipeline flowmeter 44, and according to the interval time of each monitoring terminal (the measuring sensors 42, the cameras 43, the pipeline flowmeter 44 of the seepage recovery device 3 and the electronic scale 45) t ∆2 Data is recorded.
The period experiment was continued until the end of the time period, and the liquid permeation supply means 1 was turned off. The design of the experimental period of the stage can be seen in the fourth parameter of the embodimentt 2 Is designed according to the design method.
3.3 data acquisition and measurement
The upper computer 41 collects each group of experimental processesUnder different seepage design flow indexes, soil matrix suction data and soil water content data; collecting the data of the wet front evolution process shot by the camera 43; liquid flow in a pipeline behind a sampling port 32 of a self-seepage container 31 in a seepage recovery device 3 is collectedq 2 Volume and volumeV 2 Data; collecting change data of electronic scale 45m 1 。
The data processing method similar to the fourth embodiment is adopted to calculate and measure: volume of water in the permeate V w20 Mass m w20 Volume V of soil particles s20 Mass m s20 。
4. Stage 30 death root system test
4.1 Device installation commissioning
Digging out root system parts of each group of sample plants 53 in the previous stage, counting root system volume density RV, cutting, mixing with the group of test soil samples I51, and preparing a test soil sample II 52 according to indexes.
The second test soil sample 52 was filled into the root soil sample container 221, and the procedure was the same as in example four, part 2.1.
4.2 Experimental test
The procedure is as in example four, section 2.2. The phase experiment was continued until the end of the time. The design method of the duration of the phase experiment is referred to in the section 3.2 of the present example.
4.3 Data acquisition and parameter measurement
The operation is the same as in embodiment IV, part 3.
Calculating and measuring: volume of water in the permeate V w30 Mass m w30 Volume V of soil particles s30 Mass m s30 。
Example six
The vegetation slope soil seepage and erosion experiment measurement system is used for carrying out vegetation slope soil seepage and erosion experiment measurement and is used for full-stage soil sample seepage and erosion experiment research of plants with crack structures.
Because of the design requirement of experimental grouping, the used concrete soil sample seepage and erosion experimental system is provided with a plurality of groups of root system soil sample testing devices 22 and plant soil sample testing devices 21, so that the overall structure of the system is not exactly the same as that of the concrete processed product of the second embodiment, but belongs to the technical conception of the invention.
The experimental scheme is that a crack structure is basically added in the experimental scheme of the soil sample seepage and erosion in the whole stage of the fifth plant in the embodiment so as to study the coupling relation between soil cracks and plants. Specifically, in two-stage experiments of a 20 fresh root system test stage and a 30 dead root system test stage, a pure soil sample group and a crack soil sample group are respectively set as parallel groups, and simultaneously, a crack soil sample group without plant materials is singly set as a control group.
1. Material preparation
Experimental parameter settings referring to embodiment five, the split piece 23 is a straight piece with a square cross section. The repetition of each set of experiments was set up, and for the sake of brevity, description of the repeated set was omitted below. In this example, the experimental material parameters further include the main structural parameters of the fracture 23 and the characteristic indexes of the particles of the gravel sample 232.
Preparing the seepage liquid for standby.
2. 00 control experiment group
2.1 Device installation commissioning
A test soil sample 51 is configured.
The first test soil sample 51 is filled into the plant soil sample cylinder 211, and a layered filling method is adopted during filling, so that the filling quality is ensured. During the filling of the test soil sample, the crack member 23 is inserted into the middle of the test soil sample to ensure the equal distance with the two side measuring sensors 42 as much as possible. The substrate suction sensor and the water content sensor are installed in a manner of a fifth 2.1 part of the reference example.
The water is injected into the seepage container 31 of the seepage recovery device 3, and the water level reaches the lower edge of the inner side of the sampling port 32.
2.2 Experimental test
See example five, section 3.2.
2.3 Data acquisition and measurement
See example five, part 3.3, measured: volume of water in the permeate V w0 Mass m w0 Volume V of soil particles s0 Mass m s0 。
3. 10, 20, 30 stage test experiments
In each of the 10, 20, and 30 stage experiments of this embodiment, a normal group and a crack group were simultaneously arranged in parallel. The procedure for the generic set of experiments at each stage is referred to in example five and will not be repeated here. The difference between the crack group at each stage and the normal group operation is whether the crack piece 23 is implanted when filling the test soil sample, and the crack piece 23 implantation operation is described in the 00 control experiment group section above. Otherwise, both parallel grouping operations are identical and are not repeated here. 20. The essence of the 30-stage crack group experiment is that crack variables are added as experimental design variables on the basis of the common group experiment, so that the data acquisition and measurement thought of two groups of experiments at the same stage are consistent, and the process is not repeated here. Each experiment was repeated, and description thereof was omitted.
The relative indexes of the seepage are obtained by each stage/each group of experimental measurement. For example, 20-stage experiments: volume V of water in common set of effluent w201 Mass m w201 Volume V of soil particles s201 Mass m s201 The crack sets the volume V of water in the seepage w202 Mass m w202 Volume V of soil particles s202 Mass m s202 。
Example seven
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, taking the soil sample seepage corrosion experiment of the whole stage of the fifth plant as an example, the influence coefficients a of the 20 fresh root system test stage and the 30 dead root system test stage are calculated respectively and are marked as a 20 、A 30 。
In the 20 fresh root system test stage, n window stages (corresponding to n growth indicators of the sample plant 53) are set, and s are sequentially arranged 1 ～s n . Each window stage s i Collecting RV and seepage data V, m, and calculating the root soil erosion m sed . A blank control experiment group (the control group and the experiment group are characterized in that the root system sample is not mixed in the test soil sample) is arranged, and each s is also collected i Is used for calculating bare soil erosion m 'according to the seepage data V, m of the steel sheet' sed . Each set of experiments was repeated and description thereof was omitted.
TABLE 2 Experimental major parameters
Fitting a curve according to the data of Table 2 and 6, and measuring the influence coefficients of the sample plants in the 20 fresh root system test stage and the 30 dead root system test stage respectively 、/>。
Fig. 8 and 9 show measurement result data of a certain experimental part. FIG. 8 is a 20 stage fresh root influence coefficient A 20 Graph (flow rate 25L/h); FIG. 9 is a 30 stage fresh root influence coefficient A 30 (flow rate 25L/h).
Claims (11)
1. The vegetation slope soil seepage and corrosion experiment measurement system comprises a seepage supply device (1), a soil sample test device (2), a seepage recovery device (3) and a monitoring device (4), wherein seepage is input into the soil sample test device (2) by the seepage supply device (1), and enters the seepage recovery device (3) after flowing through the soil sample test device (2); the method is characterized in that:
the soil sample testing device (2) comprises a root system soil sample testing device (22), wherein seepage is input from the front side wall of the root system soil sample testing device (22) through the seepage supply device (1), and is discharged from the rear side wall after flowing through the root system soil sample testing device (22);
the root system soil sample testing device (22) is characterized in that a root system soil sample container (221) with an upper top opening is arranged on a main body of the root system soil sample testing device, a permeation assembly (24) is arranged in the root system soil sample container (221), the permeation assembly (24) sequentially comprises a permeable stone (241), filter paper (242) and a filter screen plate (243) along the seepage flow direction, the permeable stone (241) is tightly attached to the front side wall, a water passing gap (222) is formed between the filter screen plate (243) and the rear side wall, the filter paper (242) is tightly attached to the permeable stone (241), and a test soil sample II (52) is filled between the filter paper (242) and the filter screen plate (243); the filling height of the second test soil sample (52) is lower than that of the root system soil sample container (221); the pressurizing component covers the upper surface of the second test soil sample (52) and applies the second test soil sample (52) Applying vertical pressure; the side wall between the front side wall and the rear side wall of the root system soil sample container (221) is processed by transparent materials, two rows of sensor layout holes (25) which are transversely arranged are formed in the transparent side wall, and the two rows of sensor layout holes (25) are arranged on the transverse center line of the root system soil sample container (221)hSymmetrical;
the seepage recovery device (3) comprises a runoff set, and the runoff set of the seepage recovery device (3) is connected behind the rear side wall of the root system soil sample testing device (22) through a pipeline;
the monitoring device (4) comprises an upper computer (41), a measuring sensor (42), a camera (43) and a pipeline flowmeter (44), wherein the measuring sensor (42) is connected with the upper computer (41) in a circuit, the measuring sensor (42) is inserted into a second test soil sample (52) through a sensor arrangement hole (25) and is arranged on the contact surface of the pressurizing assembly and the second test soil sample (52), and the camera (43) is opposite to the transparent side wall of the root system soil sample container (221);
the second test soil sample (52) is a mixture of dead roots of plants and piled soil.
2. The vegetation slope soil seepage corrosion experiment measurement system according to claim 1, wherein: the runoff set of the seepage recovery device (3) comprises a seepage container (31), filter paper (242) is arranged on the inner side of a sampling port (32) of the seepage container (31), a recovery pipeline is connected with the outer side of the sampling port (32), and a pipeline flowmeter (44) is arranged on the recovery pipeline; the monitoring device (4) comprises an electronic scale (45) positioned below the seepage container (31), and the electronic scale (45) is in circuit connection with the upper computer (41); when in use, the infiltration container (31) holds clear water to the lower edge of the inner side of the sampling port (32).
3. The vegetation slope soil seepage corrosion experiment measurement system according to claim 2, wherein: the pressurizing assembly comprises a water injection rubber bag (223), the appearance of the water injection rubber bag (223) is matched with the inner cavity of the root system soil sample container (221), and the water injection rubber bag covers the upper surface of the second test soil sample (52); the cover (224) covers the water injection rubber bag (223) and is fixedly connected with the root system soil sample container (221).
4. A vegetation slope soil seepage corrosion experiment measurement system according to claim 3, wherein:
the soil sample testing device (2) further comprises a plant soil sample testing device (21), the seepage liquid is input from the upper part of the plant soil sample testing device (21) by the seepage liquid supplying device (1), and is discharged from the lower part after flowing through the plant soil sample testing device (21);
the main body of the plant soil sample testing device (21) is a plant soil sample cylinder (211) arranged on a bracket (212), a penetration assembly (24) is arranged in the plant soil sample cylinder (211), and a first testing soil sample (51) is filled between filter paper (242) and a filter screen plate (243); the cylinder wall is made of transparent material, two rows of sensor arrangement holes (25) are longitudinally arranged on the cylinder wall, and the two rows of sensor arrangement holes (25) are longitudinally arranged along the central line of the plant soil sample cylinder (211) pSymmetrical;
the monitoring device (4) further comprises a measuring sensor (42) inserted into the second test soil sample (52) through a sensor layout hole (25), and a camera (43) of which the machine position is opposite to the plant soil sample cylinder (211);
the seepage recovery device (3) further comprises a vertical flow group, the vertical flow group of the seepage recovery device (3) is connected behind the plant soil sample testing device (21) through a pipeline, a funnel (33) is additionally arranged on the vertical flow group compared with the runoff group, the funnel (33) is arranged under the filter screen plate (243) immediately, and seepage is collected and is converged into the seepage container (31);
the first test soil sample (51) is a piled soil sample, and a sample plant (53) is planted in the first test soil sample (51).
5. The vegetation slope soil seepage corrosion experimental measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the novel gravel-shaped water treatment device is characterized by further comprising a crack piece (23), wherein the main body of the crack piece (23) is an open-top container (231), the side wall and the bottom surface of the crack piece are processed by a water permeable plate, and a gravel sample (232) is filled in the open-top container (231); the overall shape of the crack piece (23) simulates the three-dimensional shape of a crack of a study object; the integral structure of the crack piece (23) is a regular structure or a tree branch structure; the regular structure is a straight column part or a bar-shaped part with a big upper part and a small lower part, and the cross section is in a regular shape or a branch shape imitating the crack trend of the soil body.
6. The vegetation slope soil seepage and corrosion experiment measurement method realized by the vegetation slope soil seepage and corrosion experiment measurement system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: is used for soil sample seepage corrosion experimental measurement at the death root system stage,
stage 1, preparation stage
Setting experimental material parameters according to research purposes, wherein the experimental material parameters comprise: the method comprises the steps of testing a component index of a second soil sample (52), testing the moisture content of the second soil sample (52), testing the void ratio of the second soil sample (52), seepage physicochemical index, seepage design flow, data recording interval time of each terminal of a monitoring device (4), measuring position of a measuring sensor (42) in the second soil sample (52), design pressure of the second soil sample (52), design standing time of a root system soil sample container (221) and experimental duration, wherein the component index of the second soil sample (52) is plant death root species, stacking soil type, soil particle proportion and plant death root volume density RV, and the RV is the volume ratio of plant death root to the second soil sample;
preparing seepage liquid and a second test soil sample;
stage 2, root System test stage
Step 1, device installation and debugging
Filling a second test soil sample (52) into a root system soil sample container (221), inserting a measuring sensor (42) into a measuring position in the second test soil sample (52) through a sensor layout hole (25), arranging a row of matrix suction sensors and a row of water content sensors, wrapping the root system soil sample container (221) with a shading and heat insulating material, and standing for design time;
The seepage container (31) of the seepage recovery device (3) is filled with clean water, and the water level reaches the lower edge of the inner side of the sampling port (32);
the pressure sensor is arranged on the contact surface of the water injection rubber bag (223) and the second test soil sample (52);
step 2, test
Starting a monitoring device (4), and checking initial states of all the measuring sensors (42), the cameras (43), the pipeline flowmeter (44) and the electronic scale (45) by the upper computer (41), so as to ensure that readings of the pipeline flowmeter (44) and the electronic scale (45) are cleared;
the pressurizing assembly is used for injecting water into the water injection rubber bag (223) and pressurizing the water to the design pressure when the contact surface pressure of the water injection rubber bag (223) and the test soil sample II (52) is reached;
starting a monitoring device (4), regulating and controlling working states of all measuring sensors (42), cameras (43) and pipeline flow meters (44) by an upper computer (41), and recording data of the measuring sensors (42), the cameras (43), the pipeline flow meters (44) of the seepage recovery device (3) and the electronic scale (45) according to interval time;
starting a seepage supply device (1) to enable seepage to enter a root system soil sample testing device (22), and keeping the design flow;
ending the experiment duration design time;
step 3, data acquisition and measurement
The upper computer (41) collects seepage design flow and soil mass suction data and soil mass water content data under the design pressure index of the test soil sample II (52) in the experimental process, collects the data of the development process of the wetting front shot by the camera (43), collects the data of the volume V of the liquid flow in a pipeline behind a sampling port (32) of the seepage container (31) in the seepage recovery device (3), and collects the change data m of the electronic scale (45);
calculating and determining the seepage parameter V according to the formulas 1-5 w 、m w 、V s 、m s ，
1 (1)
2, 2
3
4. The method is to
5. The method is to
Wherein V is the volume of liquid entering the recovery line in cm 3 Measured by a pipeline flow meter (44),
V w 、V s the volumes of water and soil particles in the permeate are respectively in cm 3 ，
m-electronic scale reading change, unit g, measured by electronic scale (45),
ρ w density of water in g/cm 3 A constant,
d s the specific gravity of the soil particles of the piled soil is free of units, the parameters of experimental materials are determined,
m w 、m s the mass of water and soil particles in the permeate, in g, respectively.
7. The vegetation slope soil seepage corrosion experimental measurement method according to claim 6, wherein:
inserting a crack piece (23) into the middle part of the second test soil sample (52) when the second test soil sample (52) is filled; and a crack soil sample group without plant materials is singly arranged as a control group;
The main body of the crack piece (23) is a top opening container (231), the side wall and the bottom surface are processed by a water permeable plate, a gravel sample (232) is filled in the opening container (231), and the whole crack piece (23) is of a regular structure; experimental study if slip and stretch broken landslide is involved, the crack piece (23) is designed to be a straight column piece with uniform upper and lower parts; if a sliding slope with creeping and pulling crack is involved, the crack piece (23) is designed to be a big-end-up piece;
the cross section shape and the structural parameters of the crack piece (23) are determined according to the experimental purposes, if an experimental study object relates to the rear edge of a landslide body, the cross section of the crack piece (23) is designed into a regular shape, and if the cross section of the crack piece (23) relates to the side wings and the front edge of the landslide body, the cross section of the crack piece (23) is designed into a branch shape simulating the crack trend of a soil body;
the experimental material parameters comprise main structural parameters of the crack piece (23) and characteristic indexes of gravel sample (232) particles.
8. The vegetation slope soil seepage corrosion experimental measurement method according to claim 6, wherein: the vegetation slope soil seepage and corrosion experiment measurement system of claim 4 is adopted to replace the vegetation slope soil seepage and corrosion experiment measurement system of claim 3 for implementation; is used for the soil sample seepage corrosion experimental measurement of the whole plant stage,
Stage 1, preparation stage
Setting experimental material parameters according to research purposes, wherein the experimental material parameters comprise: sample plant (53), water content of test soil sample one (51) and test soil sample two (52), porosity ratio of test soil sample one (51) and test soil sample two (52), plant death root volume ratio RV of test soil sample two (52) 2 The method comprises the steps of stacking soil particle specific gravity, seepage physicochemical indexes, seepage design flow of each stage, measuring positions of measuring sensors (42) in a first test soil sample (51) and a second test soil sample (52), working pressure of a pressurizing assembly, data recording interval time of each terminal of a monitoring device (4) in each stage, soil sample standing time in stage test and experimental duration of each stage;
preparing seepage liquid;
stage 2, plant testing stage
Step 1, device installation and debugging
Configuring a test soil sample I (51);
filling a first test soil sample (51) into a plant soil sample cylinder (211), inserting a measuring sensor (42) into a measuring position in the first test soil sample (51) through a sensor layout hole (25), arranging a row of matrix suction sensors and a row of water content sensors, planting a sample plant (53), and wrapping the plant soil sample cylinder (211) with a shading and heat insulation material;
Step 2, test
Regulating ecological factor conditions at the level of sample plant (53) fitness, maintaining healthy plant growth;
starting a monitoring device (4), and checking all measuring sensors (42) and pipeline flow meters (44) by an upper computer (41);
starting a seepage supply device (1) to enable seepage to enter a plant soil sample testing device (21) to maintain seepage design flow;
the upper computer (41) regulates and controls the working states of all the measuring sensors (42) and the pipeline flowmeter (44), and records data according to the interval time of the measuring sensors (42);
the stage experiment is continued until the design time is over, and the seepage supply device (1) is closed;
stage 3, fresh root System test stage
Step 1, device installation and debugging
Cutting off the overground part of the sample plant (53) in the last test stage;
the seepage container (31) of the seepage recovery device (3) is filled with clean water, and the water level reaches the lower edge of the inner side of the sampling port (32);
step 2, test
Starting a monitoring device (4), and checking initial states of all the measuring sensors (42), the cameras (43), the pipeline flowmeter (44) and the electronic scale (45) by the upper computer (41), so as to ensure that readings of the pipeline flowmeter (44) and the electronic scale (45) are cleared;
Starting a seepage supply device (1) to enable seepage to enter a plant soil sample testing device (21), and keeping the design flow;
the upper computer (41) regulates and controls the working states of all the measuring sensors (42), the cameras (43) and the pipeline flowmeter (44), and records the data of the measuring sensors (42), the cameras (43), the pipeline flowmeter (44) of the seepage recovery device (3) and the electronic scale (45) according to the interval time;
the stage experiment is continued until the design time is over, and the seepage supply device (1) is closed;
step 3, data acquisition and parameter measurement
The upper computer (41) collects seepage design flow and soil mass matrix suction data and soil mass water content data under the design pressure index of the first test soil sample (51) in the experimental process, collects the data of the development process of the wetting front shot by the camera (43), collects the data of the volume V of the liquid flow in a pipeline behind a sampling port (32) of the self-seepage container (31) in the seepage recovery device (3), and collects the change data m of the electronic scale (45);
calculating according to formulas 1-5 to determine the seepage parameter V w 、m w 、V s 、m s ，
1 (1)
2, 2
3
4. The method is to
5. The method is to
Wherein V is the volume of liquid entering the recovery line in cm 3 Measured by a pipeline flow meter (44),
V w 、V s the volumes of water and soil particles in the permeate are respectively in cm 3 ，
m-electronic scale reading change, unit g, measured by electronic scale (45),
ρ w density of water in g/cm 3 A constant,
d s the specific gravity of the soil particles of the piled soil is free of units, the parameters of experimental materials are determined,
m w 、m s the mass of water and soil particles in the seepage liquid is respectively expressed in g;
stage 4, death root System test stage
Step 1, device installation and debugging
Digging out the root system part of the sample plant (53) at the previous stage, cutting, mixing with the first test soil sample (51) to prepare a second test soil sample (52);
filling a second test soil sample (52) into a root system soil sample container (221), inserting a measuring sensor (42) into a measuring position in the second test soil sample (52) through a sensor layout hole (25), arranging a row of matrix suction sensors and a row of water content sensors, wrapping the root system soil sample container (221) with a shading and heat insulating material, and standing for design time;
the seepage container (31) of the seepage recovery device (3) is filled with clean water, and the water level reaches the lower edge of the inner side of the sampling port (32);
the pressure sensor is arranged on the contact surface of the water injection rubber bag (223) and the second test soil sample (52);
step 2, test
Starting a monitoring device (4), and checking initial states of all the measuring sensors (42), the cameras (43), the pipeline flowmeter (44) and the electronic scale (45) by the upper computer (41), so as to ensure that readings of the pipeline flowmeter (44) and the electronic scale (45) are cleared;
The pressurizing assembly is used for injecting water into the water injection rubber bag (223) and pressurizing the water to the design pressure when the contact surface pressure of the water injection rubber bag (223) and the test soil sample II (52) is reached;
starting a seepage supply device (1) to enable seepage to enter a root system soil sample testing device (22) to maintain seepage design flow;
starting a monitoring device (4), regulating and controlling working states of all measuring sensors (42), cameras (43) and pipeline flow meters (44) by an upper computer (41), and recording data of the measuring sensors (42), the cameras (43), the pipeline flow meters (44) of the seepage recovery device (3) and the electronic scale (45) according to interval time;
the stage experiment is continued until the design time is over, and the seepage supply device (1) is closed;
step 3, data acquisition and parameter measurement
Refer to stage 3, step 3.
9. The vegetation slope soil seepage corrosion experimental measurement method according to claim 8, wherein:
when the first test soil sample (51) is filled in the fresh root system testing stage and the second test soil sample (52) is filled in the dead root system testing stage, inserting a crack piece (23) into the middle of the first test soil sample (51) or the second test soil sample (52) respectively; respectively and singly setting crack soil sample groups without plant materials as control groups;
The main body of the crack piece (23) is a top opening container (231), the side wall and the bottom surface are processed by a water permeable plate, a gravel sample (232) is filled in the opening container (231), and the whole crack piece (23) is of a regular structure; experimental study if slip and stretch broken landslide is involved, the crack piece (23) is designed to be a straight column piece with uniform upper and lower parts; if a sliding slope with creeping and pulling crack is involved, the crack piece (23) is designed to be a big-end-up piece;
the cross section shape and the structural parameters of the crack piece (23) are determined according to the experimental purposes, if an experimental study object relates to the rear edge of a landslide body, the cross section of the crack piece (23) is designed into a regular shape, and if the cross section of the crack piece (23) relates to the side wings and the front edge of the landslide body, the cross section of the crack piece (23) is designed into a branch shape simulating the crack trend of a soil body;
the experimental material parameters comprise main structural parameters of the crack piece (23) and characteristic indexes of gravel sample (232) particles.
10. The vegetation slope soil seepage corrosion experimental measurement method according to claim 6 or 8, wherein: the design method of the continuous time length of the seepage recovery operation is that firstly, the experimental design precision requirement is determined, and when the change amplitude of the electronic scale (45) reading curve in unit time meets the experimental design precision, the experiment is ended.
11. The vegetation slope soil seepage corrosion experimental measurement method according to claim 6 or 8, wherein: the influence A of the volume density RV of dead root system of the plant on the erosion amount is measured according to the following method:
setting up experimental group and blank control group at the same time, calculating influence A according to formula 6, or establishing curve function of A according to formula 7
6. The method is to
7. The method of the invention
Wherein, the volume density RV of the dead root system of the A-plant has the influence quantity of the volume density RV on the erosion quantity, the unit g,
m sed root system soil erosion amount and m corresponding to V end point value s The unit of g,
m′ sed bare soil erosion amount, m sed The control values, in g,
RV-the volume density RV of dead root system of plant, no unit.
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