CN111307412A - Simulation test device and method for regulating and controlling sediment transport in ecological engineering and civil engineering - Google Patents
Simulation test device and method for regulating and controlling sediment transport in ecological engineering and civil engineering Download PDFInfo
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- CN111307412A CN111307412A CN202010084390.0A CN202010084390A CN111307412A CN 111307412 A CN111307412 A CN 111307412A CN 202010084390 A CN202010084390 A CN 202010084390A CN 111307412 A CN111307412 A CN 111307412A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation test device and a simulation test method for regulating and controlling sediment transport in ecological engineering and civil engineering, and belongs to the cross field of civil engineering and ecology. The simulation test device comprises an image acquisition unit, a 3D scanner, a wave height instrument, a controllable water inlet unit, a tail water pool, a pore water pressure detection unit, a test groove with one closed end and an open other end and a weighing unit for weighing the tail water pool, wherein the controllable water inlet unit is connected with the closed end of the test groove through an output hose of the controllable water inlet unit, a flowmeter and a valve are arranged on the output hose of the controllable water inlet unit, the test groove adjusts an included angle between the test groove and a horizontal plane through an angle adjusting device, and the tail water pool is used for containing liquid and solid flowing out of the open end of the test groove; the pore water pressure detecting unit includes a plurality of pore water pressure sensors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of civil engineering and ecology intersection, in particular to a simulation test device and method for regulating and controlling sediment transport in ecological engineering and civil engineering.
Background
The debris flow in the valley of the southwest mountain area of China is widely developed, continuous heavy rainfall or sudden heavy rainfall is collected in the upstream channel of the branch trench to form flood, and the source of the channel is strongly washed and eroded, so that a large amount of silt in the channel is lost, and further, the source condition is provided for the occurrence of debris flow disasters.
At present, a green disaster reduction concept combining ecological engineering and civil engineering measures appears, but the explanation and reliable research method of the mechanism of the synergistic action of the ecological engineering and the civil engineering is still in a starting stage, and the common field observation and field test research method has low efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a simulation test device and a simulation test method for regulating and controlling the transport of silt in ecological engineering and civil engineering, and compared with a research method of field observation and field test, the simulation test device and the simulation test method have higher efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
providing a simulation test device for regulating and controlling sediment transport in ecological engineering and civil engineering, which comprises an image acquisition unit, a 3D scanner, a wave height instrument, a controllable water inlet unit, a tail water tank, a pore water pressure detection unit, a test tank with one closed end and the other open end, and a weighing unit for weighing the tail water tank, wherein the controllable water inlet unit is connected with the closed end of the test tank through an output hose of the controllable water inlet unit, the output hose is provided with a flowmeter and a valve, the test tank adjusts an included angle between the test tank and a horizontal plane through an angle adjusting device, and the tail water tank is used for containing liquid and solid flowing out of the open end of the test tank; the pore water pressure detecting unit includes a plurality of pore water pressure sensors.
Further, the weighing unit comprises an electronic scale and a non-slip mat placed between the electronic scale and the tail water tank.
Further, the test device also comprises a rectifying grating which is used for being arranged at the closed end of the test groove.
Further, the controllable water inlet unit comprises a water tank and a first mounting frame for mounting the water tank, and the water tank is connected with the closed end of the test groove through an output hose.
Further, angle adjusting device includes electronic endless chain calabash and is used for with experimental groove bottom articulated second mounting bracket, the output and the experimental groove blind end cooperation of electronic endless chain calabash.
On the other hand, the simulation test method of the simulation test device for regulating and controlling the transport of the sediment in the ecological engineering and the civil engineering based on the scheme is also provided, and comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a plurality of check dam in the test groove, wherein the adjacent check dam are spaced, and two ends of the check dam are in contact with the side wall of the test groove;
s2, arranging soil samples between the check dam close to the closed end of the test groove and the closed end of the test groove, between the check dam close to the open end of the test groove and between adjacent check dams, and burying a pore water pressure sensor at a first set position in the soil samples; the distance between the highest point of the soil sample and the bottom of the test groove is smaller than the distance between the lowest point of the check dam and the bottom of the test groove;
s3, maintaining for a first set time after planting vegetation on the soil sample, then recording the flow depth value at a second set position through a wave height instrument, and collecting soil sample and vegetation slope images in the test groove through a 3D scanner;
s4, adjusting an included angle between the test groove and the horizontal plane to be a set included angle by an angle adjusting device, wherein the height of the closed end is higher than that of the open end;
s5, controlling the controllable water inlet unit to inject water into the test groove from the closed end of the test groove for a second set time, wherein during the second set time, part of the soil sample flows into the tail water groove from the open end of the test groove along with water flow, the image acquisition unit records the phenomenon in the test groove in real time, and the pore water pressure detection unit detects the pore water pressure of the soil sample at the first set position in real time;
s6, after no water flow flows out from the opening end of the test groove, collecting images of a soil sample and a vegetation slope surface in the test groove through a 3D scanner, recording a flow depth value at a second set position through a wave height instrument, and reading the total net weight of liquid and solid in the tail water pool displayed on the weighing unit;
further, before the soil sample is set in the test tank in step S2, a fertilizer is added to the soil sample by a predetermined amount.
Furthermore, the top of the check dam is provided with an overflow port.
Further, the vegetation is grasses and/or trees.
Further, the vegetation is grass and trees, and the method for planting vegetation on the soil sample comprises the following steps:
and after a tree pit is dug on the soil sample, transplanting the tree into the tree pit, and after watering and maintaining for a third set time, sowing grass seeds on the soil sample and maintaining for a fourth set time.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the controllable water inlet unit is arranged to simulate the debris flow to create necessary conditions. And the simulation of channels with different gradients is completed by matching the angle adjusting device with the test groove. The simulation of ecological engineering is completed by arranging a soil sample in the test groove and planting vegetation on the soil sample, and the slope of the channel slope is changed by arranging a check dam in the test groove to simulate civil engineering, so that the simulation of different channel slopes and different ecological engineering and civil engineering combinations is realized.
The flowmeter gathers the flow that gets into the test groove blind end in real time, the phenomenon in the test groove is recorded in image acquisition unit real time, the first hole water pressure of setting for position department soil sample of hole water pressure detecting element real-time detection, 3D laser instrument gathers soil sample and vegetation domatic image in the test groove before and after the debris flow takes place, the wave height appearance has recorded the second and has set for the position department debris flow depth value of change around taking place, the combination of tailrace and weighing unit has realized the collection and the weighing of liquid and solid under the debris flow erodees. Therefore, a data foundation is provided for researching the regulation and control mechanism of the ecological engineering and civil engineering comprehensive measures on sediment transport in the later period. Compared with the field observation and field test research method, the test method has higher efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a part of a simulation test device for regulating and controlling the transport of silt in ecological engineering and civil engineering in an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation test device for regulating and controlling the transport of sediment in ecological engineering and civil engineering shown in FIG. 1 in an application example;
fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a check dam in an application example.
Wherein, 1, a water pump; 2. a water tank; 3. a flow meter; 4. a valve; 5. a first mounting bracket; 6. a first camera; 8. vegetation; 9. a check dam; 10. a second camera; 11. a high-speed camera; 12. a tail water pool; 13. an electronic scale; 14. a non-slip mat; 15. a diversion trench; 16. a second mounting bracket; 17. a test tank; 18. soil sampling; 19. electric chain hoist.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It should be understood that the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the simulation test device for regulating and controlling the transport of silt in ecological engineering and civil engineering comprises an image acquisition unit, a 3D scanner, a wave height meter, a controllable water inlet unit, a tail water tank 12, a pore water pressure detection unit, a test tank 17 with one closed end and the other open end, and a weighing unit for weighing the tail water tank 12, wherein the controllable water inlet unit is connected with the closed end of the test tank 17 through an output hose thereof, the output hose is provided with a flowmeter 3 and a valve 4, the test tank 17 adjusts an included angle between the test tank 17 and a horizontal plane through an angle adjusting device, and the tail water tank 12 is used for containing liquid and solid flowing out from the open end of the test tank 17; the pore water pressure detecting unit includes a plurality of pore water pressure sensors.
In implementation, the preferred angle adjusting device of this scheme includes electric chain block 19 and is used for the second mounting bracket 16 with experimental groove 17 bottom articulated, and the output of electric chain block 19 cooperates with experimental groove 17 closed end. The height of the closed end of the test groove 17 is changed along with the height of the output end of the electric chain block 19 under the action of the electric chain block 19, the height of a hinge point between the bottom of the test groove 17 and the second mounting frame 16 is unchanged, and then an included angle between the test groove 17 and the horizontal plane is changed. When the electric chain hoist 19 is used, the electric chain hoist is mounted on the third mounting frame.
The weighing unit includes an electronic scale and a non-slip pad 14 placed between the electronic scale 13 and the tail water tank 12. The anti-slip mat 14 is made of rubber to prevent the tail water tank 12 from generating large impact force and displacement relative to the weighing unit under the action of liquid and solid flowing out of the opening end of the test tank 17. In use the bottom of the open end of the test tank 17 is fitted with a flow guide channel 15 leading to the tailrace pool 12 to guide the flow of water to wash the liquid and solids under it.
The simulation test device for regulating and controlling the transport of the silt in the ecological engineering and the civil engineering further comprises a rectifying grating arranged at the closed end of the test tank 17. The power potential energy and the water flow state of the water flow are reset by the rectifying grating, so that when the water flow passes through the channel slope surface, the scouring and erosion effects on the slope surface substances are more uniform.
The test tank 17 comprises a frame body, a bottom plate, a side plate and a closed end plate, wherein the bottom plate, the side plate and the closed end plate are arranged on the frame body, the material of the frame body and the bottom plate is steel, the material of the side plate is toughened glass, and the toughened glass is provided with a square grid so as to clearly know the change conditions of elevation of different positions of the slope surface during the simulation test.
Wherein, controllable water inlet unit includes water tank 2 and is used for installing first mounting bracket 5 of water tank 2, and water tank 2 and test tank 17 closed end pass through output hose connection. Meanwhile, the water tank 2 is connected with the water pump 1 through a water inlet pipe so as to place the water pump 1 in a water source when necessary, thereby pumping water from the water source into the water tank 2. The flowmeter 3 adopts a split type electromagnetic flowmeter 3, the display end of the flowmeter is positioned on the ground so as to be convenient for observation, and the valve 4 is an electromagnetic regulating valve connected with a processing display unit so as to be convenient for regulation.
On the other hand, this scheme still provides a simulation test method based on the simulation test device that ecological engineering and civil engineering regulation and control silt were transported and move that this scheme provided, and it includes:
s1, manufacturing a plurality of check dam 9 in the test groove 17, wherein the adjacent check dam 9 are spaced, and two ends of the check dam 9 are in contact with the side wall of the test groove 17.
Wherein, check dam 9 is including gypsum, cement and river sand coarse sand and fine sand for certain proportion, and its specific volume ratio is 1: 2: 4: 2. as shown in fig. 3, the top of the check dam 9 is provided with an overflow port to prevent water from flowing to both sides of the check dam and collecting to wash the bank slope.
S2, arranging soil samples 18 between the check dam 9 close to the closed end of the test groove 17 and the closed end of the test groove 17, between the check dam 9 close to the open end of the test groove 17 and between adjacent check dams 9, and burying a pore water pressure sensor at a first set position in the soil samples 18; the distance between the highest point of the soil sample 18 and the bottom of the test groove 17 is smaller than the distance between the lowest point of the check dam 9 and the bottom of the test groove 17.
Before the soil sample 18 is placed in the test tank 17 in step S2, a fertilizer with a set amount is added to the soil sample 18 so that the vegetation 8 can grow faster and better, and the soil sample 18 is compacted in the test tank 17 to approach the compactness of the undisturbed soil, thereby improving the simulation truth.
S3, curing for a first set time after planting the vegetation 8 on the soil sample 18 so that the vegetation 8 can grow to a set condition, simulating real ecological engineering more truly, recording the flow depth value of a second set position through a wave height instrument, and collecting the soil sample 18 and vegetation 8 slope image in the test groove 17 through a 3D scanner.
Wherein, the vegetation 8 is grass and/or trees, and the maintenance method is watering at regular intervals. When the vegetation 8 is grass and trees, the method of planting vegetation 8 on the soil sample 18 comprises:
after a tree pit is dug on the soil sample 18, the tree is transplanted into the tree pit, and after watering maintenance is carried out for a third set time, grass seeds are sown on the soil sample 18, and then maintenance is carried out for a fourth set time.
The position relation of the grass and the tree can be set according to test requirements, such as alternate planting of the grass and the tree.
S4, adjusting the included angle between the test groove 17 and the horizontal plane to be a set included angle by the angle adjusting device, wherein the height of the closed end is higher than that of the open end.
S5, controlling the controllable water inlet unit to inject water into the test groove 17 from the closed end of the test groove 17 for a second set time, wherein during the second set time, part of the soil sample 18 flows into the tail water groove from the open end of the test groove 17 along with water flow, the image acquisition unit records the phenomenon in the test groove 17 in real time, and the pore water pressure detection unit detects the pore water pressure of the soil sample 18 at the first set position in real time.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the image capturing unit includes a first camera 6 installed above the closed end of the test bath 17, a second camera 10 installed above the middle of the test bath 17, and a high-speed video camera 11 installed in front of the open end of the test bath 17. The first camera 6 and the second camera 10 are used for recording the slope sediment transport test phenomenon, and the high-speed camera 11 is used for collecting slope images in real time, so that a data basis is provided for a regulation and control mechanism of sediment transport for later-stage research of ecological engineering and civil engineering comprehensive measures.
S6, after no water flow flows out from the opening end of the test groove 17, collecting images of the soil sample 18 and the vegetation 8 slope surface in the test groove 17 through a 3D scanner, recording the flow depth value at the second set position by a wave height instrument, and reading the total net weight of liquid and solid in the tail water pool 12 displayed on the weighing unit.
Claims (10)
1. The simulation test device for regulating and controlling sediment transport in ecological engineering and civil engineering is characterized by comprising an image acquisition unit, a 3D scanner, a wave height instrument, a controllable water inlet unit, a tail water tank (12), a pore water pressure detection unit, a test tank (17) with one closed end and the other open end and a weighing unit for weighing the tail water tank (12), wherein the controllable water inlet unit is connected with the closed end of the test tank (17) through an output hose of the controllable water inlet unit, a flowmeter (3) and a valve (4) are arranged on the output hose, the test tank (17) regulates an included angle between the test tank (17) and a horizontal plane through an angle regulation device, and the tail water tank (12) is used for containing liquid and solid flowing out of the open end of the test tank (17); the pore water pressure detecting unit includes a plurality of pore water pressure sensors.
2. The simulation test device for regulation and control of sediment transport in ecological engineering and civil engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that the weighing unit comprises an electronic scale and a non-slip mat (14) placed between the electronic scale (13) and the tailrace pool (12).
3. The simulation test device for regulating the transport of silt in ecological engineering and civil engineering according to claim 1, further comprising a rectifying grid for mounting at the closed end of the test tank (17).
4. The simulation test device for regulating and controlling sediment transport in ecological engineering and civil engineering according to claim 1, wherein the controllable water inlet unit comprises a water tank (2) and a first mounting frame (5) for mounting the water tank (2), and the water tank (2) is connected with the closed end of the test tank (17) through the output hose.
5. The simulation test device for regulating and controlling the transport of silt in ecological engineering and civil engineering according to claim 1, wherein the angle adjusting device comprises an electric chain block (19) and a second mounting frame (16) hinged with the bottom of the test tank (17), and the output end of the electric chain block (19) is matched with the closed end of the test tank (17).
6. The simulation test method of the simulation test device for regulating and controlling the transport of the silt based on the ecological engineering and civil engineering of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising:
s1, manufacturing a plurality of check dam (9) in the test groove (17), wherein the adjacent check dam (9) have a distance, and two ends of each check dam (9) are in contact with the side wall of the test groove (17);
s2, arranging soil samples (18) between the check dam (9) close to the closed end of the test groove (17) and the closed end of the test groove (17), between the check dam (9) close to the open end of the test groove (17) and between adjacent check dams (9), and burying a pore water pressure sensor at a first set position in the soil samples (18); the distance between the highest point of the soil sample (18) and the bottom of the test groove (17) is smaller than the distance between the lowest point of the check dam (9) and the bottom of the test groove (17);
s3, curing for a first set time after planting vegetation (8) on the soil sample (18), recording the depth value of the second set position through a wave height instrument, and collecting soil sample (18) in the test groove (17) and vegetation (8) slope images through a 3D scanner;
s4, adjusting an included angle between the test groove (17) and the horizontal plane to be a set included angle by an angle adjusting device, wherein the height of the closed end is higher than that of the open end;
s5, controlling a controllable water inlet unit to inject water into the test groove (17) from the closed end of the test groove (17) for a second set time, wherein during the second set time, part of the soil sample (18) flows into the tail water groove from the open end of the test groove (17) along with water flow, an image acquisition unit records the phenomenon in the test groove (17) in real time, and a pore water pressure detection unit detects the pore water pressure of the soil sample (18) at the first set position in real time;
s6, after the open end of the test groove (17) flows out without water, collecting images of a soil sample (18) and a vegetation (8) slope surface in the test groove (17) through a 3D scanner, recording a flow depth value at a second set position through a wave height instrument, and reading the total net weight of liquid and solid in the tail water pool (12) displayed on the weighing unit.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein a predetermined amount of fertilizer is added to the soil sample (18) before the soil sample (18) is placed in the test tank (17) in step S2.
8. Simulation test method according to claim 6, characterized in that the top of the check dam (9) has an overflow.
9. Simulation test method according to any of the claims 6-8, characterized in that the vegetation (8) is grass and/or trees.
10. A simulation test method according to claim 9, wherein the vegetation (8) is grass and trees, and the method of planting vegetation (8) on a soil sample (18) comprises:
after a tree pit is dug on the soil sample (18), the tree is transplanted to the tree pit, and after the third set time of watering maintenance, the fourth set time of maintenance is carried out after grass seeds are sowed on the soil sample (18).
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