CN112197821B - Multi-precision observation system for layered monitoring of mountain slope surface runoff and interflow - Google Patents
Multi-precision observation system for layered monitoring of mountain slope surface runoff and interflow Download PDFInfo
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- CN112197821B CN112197821B CN202011077487.5A CN202011077487A CN112197821B CN 112197821 B CN112197821 B CN 112197821B CN 202011077487 A CN202011077487 A CN 202011077487A CN 112197821 B CN112197821 B CN 112197821B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/002—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow wherein the flow is in an open channel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
- G01N33/246—Earth materials for water content
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-precision observation system for monitoring mountain slope surface runoff and interflow in a layering manner, which comprises: the device comprises a surface runoff monitoring device, a soil stratum interflow monitoring device and a broken rock stratum interflow monitoring device; the surface runoff monitoring device is fixedly connected with the soil layer interflow monitoring device; the soil layer interflow monitoring device is fixedly connected with the crushed rock stratum interflow monitoring device; the system solves the problem that none of the existing devices is completely suitable for hillside, and can simultaneously capture and observe the equipment for slope runoff and interflow at different depths in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hydraulic engineering, and particularly relates to a multi-precision observation system for monitoring surface runoff and interflow of a hillside in a layered manner.
Background
The mountain area is an important water resource conservation area, the area of the mountain area is about 1/5 of the global land area, and the exploration and the understanding of the mountain slope hydrological process have important significance on the sustainable scientific development of the water resources in the drainage basin. At present, the research means of the landslide hydrological process mainly comprises theoretical analysis, indoor and outdoor experiments, observation and numerical simulation. With the progress of observation technology and the deepening of hydrologic process research, in order to truly reflect the landslide hydrologic physical process and construct a model, more precise observation and more comprehensive hydrologic physical process monitoring on the landslide scale are needed.
The interflow, the surface runoff and the subsurface runoff form a runoff process of a watershed, and the interflow has a quite important function in the runoff generation process of the watershed. Distribution and generation of interflow are influenced by rainfall intensity, gradient, land utilization mode, soil layer thickness and the like, and have important influence on runoff formation in a drainage area, soil nutrient loss, soil erosion and the like. And the generation of surface runoff and interflow has a threshold effect, and the yield is small under most rainfall conditions. Previous studies on interflow mostly assume that subsurface stormwater runoff mainly occurs in soil layers, and recent field observations show that water flow in bedrock cracks also plays an important role in runoff formation. According to the current experimental progress, no complete equipment which is suitable for hillside and can simultaneously capture and observe the slope runoff and the interflow at different depths exists. Therefore, a multi-precision real-time observation system for monitoring the surface runoff and the interflow of the hillside in a layered manner needs to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the multi-precision observation system for monitoring the surface runoff and the interflow of the hillside in a layered mode solves the problem that none of the existing devices is complete and suitable for hillsides, and can capture and observe the surface runoff and the interflow at different depths simultaneously.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a multi-precision observation system for layered monitoring of mountain slope surface runoff and interflow flow comprises: the device comprises a surface runoff monitoring device, a soil stratum interflow monitoring device and a broken rock stratum interflow monitoring device;
the surface runoff monitoring device is fixedly connected with the soil layer interflow monitoring device;
and the soil layer interflow monitoring device is fixedly connected with the broken rock stratum interflow monitoring device.
Further: surface runoff monitoring devices include: the system comprises a surface water guiding gutter, a surface small-flow water guiding pipe, a surface double-tipping flowmeter, a surface large-flow water guiding pipe, a surface runoff collecting pond, a surface runoff logging and a surface flow measuring water tank subsystem;
one end of the surface small-flow water conduit is fixedly connected with the surface water guiding groove, and the other end of the surface small-flow water conduit is fixedly connected with the surface double-tipping-bucket flowmeter;
water in the surface double-tipping-bucket flowmeter is guided into a surface runoff collecting tank through a pipeline;
one end of the surface large-flow water conduit is fixedly connected with the surface water guiding groove, and the other end of the surface large-flow water conduit extends into the surface runoff collecting tank;
surface runoff logging is arranged in the wall body of the surface runoff collecting tank;
and water in the surface runoff collecting tank is introduced into the surface flow measuring water tank subsystem through the collecting tank.
Further: soil horizon interflow monitoring devices includes: the system comprises a soil layer filtering device, a soil water guiding gutter, a soil layer small-flow water conduit, a soil layer double-tipping-bucket flowmeter, a soil layer large-flow water conduit, a soil layer interflow collecting pond, a soil layer interflow well logging and a soil layer flow-measuring water tank subsystem;
the soil layer filtering device is positioned in the soil layer;
the soil water guiding chute is positioned below the soil layer filtering device;
one end of the soil layer small-flow water conduit is fixedly connected with the soil water guiding groove, and the other end of the soil layer small-flow water conduit is fixedly connected with the soil layer double-tipping-bucket flowmeter;
water in the soil layer double-tipping bucket flowmeter is introduced into a soil layer interflow collecting tank through a pipeline;
one end of the soil layer large-flow water conduit is fixedly connected with the soil water guiding gutter, and the other end of the soil layer large-flow water conduit extends into the soil layer interflow collecting pond;
the soil interflow logging is placed in a wall of the soil interflow collecting tank;
and water in the soil layer interflow water collecting tank is introduced into the soil layer flow measuring water tank subsystem through the water collecting tank.
Further: broken rock stratum interflow monitoring devices includes: the system comprises a crushed rock stratum filtering device, a crushed rock stratum interflow water collecting tank, a crushed rock stratum interflow well logging and a crushed rock stratum flow measuring water tank subsystem;
the crushed rock stratum filtering device is positioned on the back surface of the crushed rock stratum interflow water collecting tank;
one end of the crushed rock stratum filtering device is fixed with the bottom of the soil water guiding groove, and the other end of the crushed rock stratum filtering device extends to the ground where the crushed rock stratum interflow collecting pond is located;
the broken rock stratum interflow logging is placed in a wall of a broken rock stratum interflow collecting tank;
and water in the interflow water collecting tank of the broken rock stratum is introduced into the flow measuring water tank subsystem of the broken rock stratum through the water collecting tank of the water collecting tank.
Further: the surface runoff collecting tank is fixedly connected with the crushed rock stratum interflow collecting tank through a weir wall; and the broken rock stratum interflow collecting tank is fixedly connected with the soil stratum interflow collecting tank through a weir wall.
Further: soil horizon filter equipment is the same with broken rock stratum filter equipment structure homogeneous phase, all includes: the concrete flow-through layer comprises a first pebble layer, a steel plate layer with holes, a second pebble layer and a concrete flow-through layer with holes;
the first pebble layer is paved in front of the steel plate layer with the holes;
the second pebble layer is paved behind the steel plate layer with the holes and between the concrete overflowing layer with the holes;
the porous concrete overflowing layer in the soil layer filtering device is positioned in front of the soil water guiding groove and is fixedly connected with a wall body where the soil water guiding groove is positioned;
the concrete overflowing layer with holes in the broken rock stratum filtering device is positioned behind the weirs of the surface runoff collecting tank, the broken rock stratum interflow collecting tank and the soil layer interflow collecting tank.
Further: the surface flow measurement water tank subsystem, the soil horizon flow measurement water tank subsystem and the broken rock horizon flow measurement water tank subsystem have the same structure and all comprise: the device comprises a water tank, a water tank outlet, a first liquid level sensor, a second liquid level sensor, a third liquid level sensor and an electromagnetic valve;
the first liquid level sensor is arranged on the lower bottom surface of the water tank;
the water tank outlet is positioned on the side surface of the water tank close to the bottom;
the second liquid level sensor is positioned on the side surface of the middle upper part of the water tank;
the third liquid level sensor is positioned on the side surface of the middle lower part of the water tank and is positioned above the outlet of the water tank;
the outlet of the water tank is fixedly connected with the water inlet of the electromagnetic valve through a flange nut;
and the water outlet of the electromagnetic valve is connected with the water inlet of the turbine flow sensor.
Further: the surface flow measurement water tank subsystem, the soil horizon flow measurement water tank subsystem and the broken rock horizon flow measurement water tank subsystem have the same structure and also comprise: the system comprises a power supply, a controller, a relay, a turbine flow sensor module and a pressure water level sensor module;
the power supply is respectively and electrically connected with the controller, the relay, the turbine flow sensor module, the pressure water level sensor module, the first liquid level sensor, the second liquid level sensor and the third liquid level sensor;
the controller is respectively in communication connection with the relay, the turbine flow sensor module, the pressure water level sensor module, the first liquid level sensor, the second liquid level sensor and the third liquid level sensor;
the relay is electrically connected with the electromagnetic valve.
Further: the turbine flow sensor module includes: the device comprises a turbine flow sensor, a first high-precision resistor, a first air switch and a first data acquisition unit;
one end of the turbine flow sensor is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the other end of the turbine flow sensor is connected with one end of the first high-precision resistor;
the first data collector is connected in parallel to two ends of the first high-precision resistor;
the other end of the first high-precision resistor is connected with one end of a first air switch;
the other end of the first air switch is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply;
and the signal output end of the first data acquisition unit is in communication connection with the controller.
Further: the pressure water level sensor module includes: the pressure water level sensor, the second high-precision resistor, the second air switch and the second data collector;
one end of the pressure water level sensor is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the other end of the pressure water level sensor is connected with one end of the second high-precision resistor;
the second data collector is connected in parallel to two ends of the second high-precision resistor;
the other end of the second high-precision resistor is connected with one end of a second air switch;
the other end of the second air switch is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply;
and the signal output end of the second data acquisition device is in communication connection with the controller.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the utility model provides a many precision observation system of layered monitoring hillside surface runoff and interflow, go to monitor surface runoff flow through surface runoff monitoring devices, through soil horizon interflow monitoring devices shallow soil interflow flow, through broken rock stratum interflow monitoring devices monitoring deep soil interflow flow, set up flow measurement water tank subsystem to every monitoring devices, the flow process of real-time recording surface runoff and interflow, effectively improve runoff measurement of efficiency and precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic elevation view of a system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the soil layer filtering device and the crushed rock layer filtering device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a surface flow water tank subsystem, a soil layer flow water tank subsystem, and a crushed rock layer flow water tank subsystem;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the power supply communication relationship among the surface flow water tank subsystem, the soil layer flow water tank subsystem and the crushed rock layer flow water tank subsystem;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a turbine flow sensor module configuration;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure water level sensor module;
wherein: 1. a surface water guiding gutter; 2. a ground surface small flow water conduit; 3. a surface double-tipping bucket flowmeter; 4. a ground surface large-flow water conduit; 5. surface runoff logging; 6. a soil layer filtration device; 7. a soil water guiding gutter; 8. a soil layer small flow water conduit; 9. a soil layer double-tipping bucket flowmeter; 10. a large-flow water conduit of the soil layer; 11. a soil layer interflow collecting tank; 12. logging soil interflow in a soil layer; 13. a crushed rock stratum filtering device; 14. breaking rock stratum interflow water collecting pool; 15. broken rock stratum interflow flow logging; 16. a water tank; 17. a pressure water level sensor; 18. a first liquid level sensor; 19. an outlet of the water tank; 20. a second liquid level sensor; 21. a third liquid level sensor; 22. an electromagnetic valve; 23. a turbine flow sensor; 24. a surface runoff collecting tank; 25. a first pebble layer; 26. a steel plate layer with holes; 27. concrete overflowing layers with holes; 28. a second pebble layer; 29. a first support wall; 30. a V-shaped opening wall; 31. an isolation layer; 32. a second support wall; 33. a shielding shed; 34. a water collecting tank of the water collecting tank.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
As shown in FIGS. 1-3, a multi-precision observation system for layered monitoring of mountain slope surface runoff and interflow comprises: the device comprises a surface runoff monitoring device, a soil stratum interflow monitoring device and a broken rock stratum interflow monitoring device;
the surface runoff monitoring device is fixedly connected with the soil layer interflow monitoring device;
and the soil layer interflow monitoring device is fixedly connected with the broken rock stratum interflow monitoring device.
The observation system is built on an area on an uphill body, and the depth direction of the area needs to cover a surface layer, a soil layer and a broken rock stratum.
Surface runoff monitoring devices include: the system comprises a surface water guiding gutter 1, a surface small-flow water guiding pipe 2, a surface double-tipping flowmeter 3, a surface large-flow water guiding pipe 4, a surface runoff collecting pond 24, a surface runoff logging 5 and a surface flow measuring water tank subsystem;
one end of the ground surface small flow water conduit 2 is fixedly connected with the ground surface water guiding groove 1, and the other end of the ground surface small flow water conduit is fixedly connected with the ground surface double-tipping-bucket flowmeter 3;
the water in the surface double-tipping bucket flowmeter 3 is guided into a surface runoff collecting tank 24 through a pipeline;
one end of the surface large-flow water conduit 4 is fixedly connected with the surface water guiding gutter 1, and the other end thereof extends into the surface runoff collecting tank 24;
one end of the surface small-flow water conduit 2 is fixedly connected with the side surface of the surface water guiding groove 1, one end of the surface large-flow water conduit 4 is also fixedly connected with the side surface of the surface water guiding groove 1, and the water diversion position of the surface large-flow water conduit 4 is higher than that of the surface small-flow water conduit 2.
A surface runoff logging well 5 is arranged in the wall body of the surface runoff water collecting tank 24;
the water in the surface runoff collection sump 24 is directed to the surface flow water box subsystem through the collection sump collection trough 34.
The surface runoff collection basin 24 is a square basin, wherein the front wall is a V-shaped open wall 30, the back wall is a wall, and the remaining two sides and the floor are walls, i.e., the surface runoff collection basin 24 is a collection basin with a front opening formed by 5 walls.
The surface runoff logging 5 is arranged in a wall body on one side of the surface runoff water collecting tank 24.
The surface water guiding gutter 1 is used for containing surface runoff, when the rainfall intensity is small, the surface runoff flows into the surface double-tipping-bucket flowmeter 3 through the surface small-flow water guiding pipe 2, the surface runoff flow is calculated, when the rainfall intensity is large, water is introduced into the surface runoff collecting tank 24 through the surface large-flow water guiding pipe 4, and the surface runoff flow is calculated through the surface runoff collecting tank 24 and the surface runoff logging 5.
Soil horizon interflow monitoring devices includes: the system comprises a soil layer filtering device 6, a soil water guiding chute 7, a soil layer small flow water guiding pipe 8, a soil layer double-tipping-bucket flowmeter 9, a soil layer large flow water guiding pipe 10, a soil layer interflow collecting pond 11, a soil layer interflow logging well 12 and a soil layer flow measuring water tank subsystem;
the soil layer filtering device 6 is positioned in the soil layer;
the soil water guiding chute 7 is positioned below the soil layer filtering device 6;
one end of the soil layer small flow water conduit 8 is fixedly connected with the soil water guiding groove 7, and the other end of the soil layer small flow water conduit is fixedly connected with the soil layer double-tipping-bucket flowmeter 9;
the water in the soil layer double-tipping bucket flowmeter 9 is introduced into a soil layer interflow collecting tank 11 through a pipeline;
one end of the soil layer large-flow water conduit 10 is fixedly connected with the soil water guiding chute 7, and the other end thereof extends into the soil layer interflow collecting tank 11;
one end of the soil layer small flow water conduit 8 is fixedly connected with one side surface of the soil water guiding groove 7, one end of the soil layer large flow water conduit 10 is fixedly connected with one side surface of the soil water guiding groove 7, and the water diversion position of the soil layer large flow water conduit 10 in the soil water guiding groove 7 is higher than that of the soil layer small flow water conduit 8 in the soil water guiding groove 7.
The width of the bottom surface of the surface water guiding groove 1 is wider than that of the soil water guiding groove 7, so that the surface small-flow water guiding pipe 2 and the surface large-flow water guiding pipe 4 are prevented from penetrating through the soil water guiding groove 7.
The soil laminar interflow logging well 12 is placed in the wall of the soil laminar interflow collecting tank 11;
the water in the soil horizon interflow catch basin 11 is directed to the soil horizon flow measurement tank subsystem through the catch basin 34.
The soil layer interflow collecting pond 11 and the surface runoff collecting pond 24 have the same structure, and the soil layer interflow logging 12 is arranged on one side wall of the soil layer interflow collecting pond 11.
The soil layer interflow monitoring device is used for monitoring shallow soil interflow, when the rainfall intensity is small, the shallow soil interflow flows into the soil layer double-tipping-bucket flowmeter 9 through the soil layer small-flow water conduit 8, the superficial soil interflow flow is calculated, when the rainfall intensity is large, the shallow soil interflow flows into the soil layer interflow collecting basin 11 through the soil layer large-flow water conduit 10, and the shallow soil interflow flow is calculated through the soil layer interflow collecting basin 11 and the soil layer interflow logging 12. The soil layer filtering device 6 is used for filtering shallow soil interflow and preventing soil, gravel and the like from falling into the soil water guiding gutter 7.
Broken rock stratum interflow monitoring devices includes: the system comprises a broken rock stratum filtering device 13, a broken rock stratum interflow water collecting tank 14, a broken rock stratum interflow well logging system 15 and a broken rock stratum flow logging water tank subsystem;
the crushed rock stratum filtering device 13 is positioned on the back of the crushed rock stratum interflow water collecting tank 14;
one end of the crushed rock stratum filtering device 13 is fixed with the bottom of the soil water guiding chute 7, and the other end of the crushed rock stratum filtering device extends to the ground where the crushed rock stratum interflow collecting tank 14 is located;
the fractured rock interflow well logging 15 is placed in the wall of the fractured rock interflow collecting tank 14;
the water in the ragged bed interflow catch basin 14 is directed to the ragged bed flow-measuring water tank subsystem through the catch basin 34.
The collecting tank 34 is 3 isolated collecting tanks, and the 3 isolated collecting tanks correspond to the surface runoff collecting tank 24, the soil layer interflow collecting tank 11 and the crushed rock stratum interflow collecting tank 14 one by one respectively; the water flowing out of the V-shaped opening wall 30 in the surface runoff collecting tank 24 is introduced into one collecting tank, the water flowing out of the V-shaped opening wall 30 in the soil bed interflow collecting tank 11 is introduced into one collecting tank, the water flowing out of the V-shaped opening wall 30 in the crushed soil bed interflow collecting tank 14 is introduced into the remaining one collecting tank, and then the 3 separated collecting tanks are introduced into the corresponding water tanks 16 through 3 pipelines.
The broken rock stratum interflow monitoring device is used for monitoring deep soil interflow, the deep soil interflow is filtered by the broken rock stratum filtering device 13 and then flows into the broken rock stratum interflow collecting tank 14, and the runoff of the deep soil interflow is calculated through the broken rock stratum interflow collecting tank 14 and the broken rock stratum interflow logging 15.
The surface runoff water collecting tank 24 is fixedly connected with the crushed rock stratum interflow water collecting tank 14 through a weir wall; the fractured rock stratum interflow collecting pond 14 is fixedly connected with the soil stratum interflow collecting pond 11 through a weir wall.
The structure of the fractured rock stratum interflow collecting pond 14 is the same as the structural framework of the surface runoff collecting pond 24 and the soil stratum interflow collecting pond 11, the design of the back wall body is different from the design of the surface runoff collecting pond 24 and the soil stratum interflow collecting pond 11, the surface runoff collecting pond 24, the fractured rock stratum interflow collecting pond 14 and the soil stratum interflow collecting pond 11 are sequentially and horizontally arranged collecting ponds, and the surface runoff collecting pond 24 and the fractured rock stratum interflow collecting pond 14 share a first supporting wall body 29; the fractured rock interflow catch basin 14 shares a second support wall 32 with the soil interflow catch basin 11. A shielding shed 33 is arranged above the surface runoff water collecting pool 24, the broken rock stratum interflow water collecting pool 14, the soil layer interflow water collecting pool 11 and the soil water guiding groove 7, the side surface of the shielding shed 33 is closed, and rainwater is prevented from flowing into the surface runoff water collecting pool 24, the broken rock stratum interflow water collecting pool 14, the soil layer interflow water collecting pool 11 and the soil water guiding groove 7, so that serious monitoring precision errors are caused; this shelter from canopy 33 is provided with the detection mouth that three can open, and every detection mouth corresponds a catch basin for the maintenance personal overhauls.
The surface runoff water collecting tank 24, the soil layer interflow water collecting tank 11 and the broken rock stratum interflow water collecting tank 14 are all triangular water measuring weirs, and the formula for calculating runoff is as follows:
Fractured formation subsurface flow logs 15 are provided in the second support wall 32.
As shown in fig. 4, the soil layer filtering device 6 and the crushed rock layer filtering device 13 are identical in structure and each include: a first pebble layer 25, a perforated steel plate layer 26, a second pebble layer 28 and a perforated concrete overflow layer 27;
the first pebble layer 25 is paved in front of the perforated steel plate layer 26;
the second pebble layer 28 is paved behind the perforated steel plate layer 26 and between the perforated concrete overflow layer 27;
the concrete overflowing layer 27 with holes in the soil layer filtering device 6 is positioned in front of the soil water guiding chute 7 and is fixedly connected with a wall where the soil water guiding chute 7 is positioned;
the concrete overflowing layer 27 with holes in the crushed rock stratum filtering device 13 is positioned behind the weirs of the surface runoff collecting tank 24, the crushed rock stratum interflow collecting tank 14 and the soil stratum interflow collecting tank 11.
The perforated concrete overflowing layer 27 in the crushed rock stratum filtering device 13 is integrated with the back wall of the crushed rock stratum interflow collecting tank 14, and a second pebble layer 28, a perforated steel plate layer 26 and a first pebble layer 25 are sequentially arranged behind the back wall of the crushed rock stratum interflow collecting tank 14.
An isolation layer 31 can be arranged between the bottom surface of the surface water guiding chute 1 and the soil layer filtering device 6 and used for isolating surface runoff; an isolation layer 31 may be provided between the bottom surface of the soil water guide channel 7 and the crushed rock layer filtering device 13 for isolating the shallow soil medium flow. The isolation layer 31 is composed of a water-retaining geotextile and a concrete layer.
As shown in fig. 5, the surface flow measurement water tank subsystem, the soil layer flow measurement water tank subsystem and the broken rock layer flow measurement water tank subsystem have the same structure, and all comprise: a water tank 16, a water tank outlet 19, a first liquid level sensor 18, a second liquid level sensor 20, a third liquid level sensor 21 and a solenoid valve 22;
the first liquid level sensor 18 is arranged on the lower bottom surface of the water tank 16;
the tank outlet 19 is located on the side of the tank 16 near the bottom;
the second level sensor 20 is located on a side of an upper middle portion of the water tank 16;
the third liquid level sensor 21 is positioned on the side surface of the lower middle part of the water tank 16 and is positioned above the water tank outlet 19;
the water tank outlet 19 is fixedly connected with the water inlet of the electromagnetic valve 22 through a flange nut;
the water outlet of the electromagnetic valve 22 is connected with the water inlet of the turbine flow sensor 23.
As shown in fig. 6, the surface flow measurement water tank subsystem, the soil layer flow measurement water tank subsystem and the broken rock layer flow measurement water tank subsystem have the same structure, and further include: the system comprises a power supply, a controller, a relay, a turbine flow sensor module and a pressure water level sensor module;
the power supply is respectively and electrically connected with the controller, the relay, the turbine flow sensor module, the pressure water level sensor module, the first liquid level sensor 18, the second liquid level sensor 20 and the third liquid level sensor 21;
the controller is respectively in communication connection with the relay, the turbine flow sensor module, the pressure water level sensor module, the first liquid level sensor 18, the second liquid level sensor 20 and the third liquid level sensor 21;
the relay is electrically connected to the solenoid valve 22.
Aiming at the problem that the existing flow measuring method and technology are generally difficult to combine a larger flow measuring range and higher micro-flow measuring precision, the invention designs a water tank 16 with an equal section, and the water tank 16 is used for regulating the flow to be measured. When the flow is small, the water depth change process in the water tank 16 is monitored in real time through the pressure water level sensor module, and when the flow is large, the water depth change of the water tank 16 is measured through the pressure water level sensor module and the water flow of the water tank outlet 19 during water drainage is accurately measured in real time through the turbine flow sensor module, so that the purposes of expanding the flow measurement range and ensuring the small micro-flow measurement precision are achieved.
The controller controls the on-off of the electromagnetic valve 22 by controlling the relay.
The pressure water level sensor module continuously measures the water depth in the water tank 16 in real time, and the controller is used for controlling the on-off of the electromagnetic valve 22 according to the water depth. When the water in the water tank 16 rises to the position of the second liquid level sensor 20, the controller controls the electromagnetic valve 22 at the outlet 19 of the water tank to be opened, water begins to be discharged, the electromagnetic valve 22 is closed when the water level in the water tank drops to the position of the third liquid level sensor 21, and in the whole water discharging process, the turbine flow sensor module at the outlet 19 of the water tank continuously measures the flow at the outlet of the water tank in real time during water discharging, and the third liquid level sensor 21 is above the outlet 19 of the water tank, so that the outlet 19 of the water tank is always below the water surface, namely, the turbine flow sensor 23 of the turbine flow sensor module has pressure flow, and the accuracy of the flow measurement is further ensured.
The three collecting ponds of the surface runoff collecting pond 24, the soil layer interflow collecting pond 11 and the broken rock layer interflow collecting pond 14 are correspondingly provided with flow measuring water tank subsystems, so that the accurate and intelligent surface runoff and the interflow runoff in different depths can be further measured.
As shown in fig. 7, the turbine flow sensor module includes: the device comprises a turbine flow sensor 23, a first high-precision resistor, a first air switch and a first data acquisition unit;
one end of the turbine flow sensor 23 is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the other end of the turbine flow sensor is connected with one end of the first high-precision resistor;
the first data collector is connected in parallel to two ends of the first high-precision resistor;
the other end of the first high-precision resistor is connected with one end of a first air switch;
the other end of the first air switch is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply;
and the signal output end of the first data acquisition unit is in communication connection with the controller.
As shown in fig. 8, the pressure water level sensor module includes: the pressure water level sensor 17, a second high-precision resistor, a second air switch and a second data collector;
one end of the pressure water level sensor 17 is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the other end of the pressure water level sensor is connected with one end of the second high-precision resistor;
the second data collector is connected in parallel to two ends of the second high-precision resistor;
the other end of the second high-precision resistor is connected with one end of a second air switch;
the other end of the second air switch is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply;
and the signal output end of the second data acquisition device is in communication connection with the controller.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the utility model provides a many precision observation system of layered monitoring hillside surface runoff and interflow removes monitoring surface runoff flow through surface runoff monitoring devices, through soil horizon interflow monitoring devices monitoring shallow soil interflow flow, through broken rock stratum interflow monitoring devices monitoring deep soil interflow flow, set up flow measurement water tank subsystem to every monitoring devices, the flow process of real-time recording surface runoff and interflow, effectively improve runoff measurement efficiency and precision.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a many precision observation system of layered monitoring hillside surface runoff and interflow flow which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a surface runoff monitoring device, a soil stratum interflow monitoring device and a broken rock stratum interflow monitoring device;
the surface runoff monitoring device is fixedly connected with the soil layer interflow monitoring device;
the soil layer interflow monitoring device is fixedly connected with the crushed rock stratum interflow monitoring device;
surface runoff monitoring devices include: the system comprises a surface water guiding gutter (1), a surface small flow water conduit (2), a surface double-tipping flowmeter (3), a surface large flow water conduit (4), a surface runoff collecting pond (24), a surface runoff logging well (5) and a surface runoff measuring water tank subsystem;
one end of the ground surface small flow water conduit (2) is fixedly connected with the ground surface water guiding groove (1), and the other end of the ground surface small flow water conduit is fixedly connected with the ground surface double-tipping-bucket flowmeter (3);
water in the surface double-tipping bucket flowmeter (3) is guided into a surface runoff collecting tank (24) through a pipeline;
one end of the surface large-flow water conduit (4) is fixedly connected with the surface water guiding trough (1), and the other end of the surface large-flow water conduit extends into the surface runoff collecting tank (24);
a surface runoff logging well (5) is arranged in the wall body of the surface runoff collecting tank (24);
water in the surface runoff water collecting tank (24) is introduced into the surface flow measuring water tank subsystem through a water collecting tank (34);
one end of the surface small-flow water conduit (2) is fixedly connected with the side surface of the surface water guiding groove (1), one end of the surface large-flow water conduit (4) is also fixedly connected with the side surface of the surface water guiding groove (1), and the water diversion position of the surface large-flow water conduit (4) is higher than that of the surface small-flow water conduit (2);
soil horizon interflow monitoring devices includes: the system comprises a soil layer filtering device (6), a soil water guiding trough (7), a soil layer small-flow water guiding pipe (8), a soil layer double-tipping-bucket flowmeter (9), a soil layer large-flow water guiding pipe (10), a soil layer interflow collecting pond (11), a soil layer interflow logging well (12) and a soil layer flow-measuring water tank subsystem;
the soil layer filtering device (6) is positioned in the soil layer;
the soil water guiding trough (7) is positioned below the soil layer filtering device (6);
one end of the soil layer small-flow water conduit (8) is fixedly connected with the soil water guiding groove (7), and the other end of the soil layer small-flow water conduit is fixedly connected with the soil layer double-tipping-bucket flowmeter (9);
water in the soil layer double-tipping bucket flowmeter (9) is introduced into a soil layer interflow collecting tank (11) through a pipeline;
one end of the soil layer large-flow water conduit (10) is fixedly connected with the soil water guiding groove (7), and the other end of the soil layer large-flow water conduit extends into the soil medium-flow collecting tank (11) of the soil layer;
the soil interflow logging well (12) is placed in a wall body of the soil interflow collecting tank (11);
water in the soil layer interflow water collecting tank (11) is introduced into the soil layer flow measuring water tank subsystem through a water collecting tank water collecting groove (34);
one end of the soil layer small-flow water conduit (8) is fixedly connected with one side surface of the soil water guiding groove (7), one end of the soil layer large-flow water conduit (10) is fixedly connected with one side surface of the soil water guiding groove (7), and the water diversion position of the soil layer large-flow water conduit (10) in the soil water guiding groove (7) is higher than the water diversion position of the soil layer small-flow water conduit (8) in the soil water guiding groove (7).
2. The multi-precision observation system for layered monitoring of mountain slope surface runoff and interflow according to claim 1, wherein the broken rock interflow monitoring device comprises: the system comprises a broken rock stratum filtering device (13), a broken rock stratum interflow collecting tank (14), a broken rock stratum interflow logging well (15) and a broken rock stratum flow metering water tank subsystem;
the crushed rock stratum filtering device (13) is positioned on the back of the crushed rock stratum interflow collecting tank (14);
one end of the crushed rock stratum filtering device (13) is fixed with the bottom of the soil water guiding groove (7), and the other end of the crushed rock stratum filtering device extends to the ground where the crushed rock stratum interflow collecting pool (14) is located;
the fractured rock interflow logging well (15) is placed in the wall of the fractured rock interflow collecting tank (14);
and water in the fractured rock stratum interflow water collecting tank (14) is introduced into the fractured rock stratum flow measuring water tank subsystem through a water collecting tank (34).
3. The multi-precision observation system for layered monitoring of mountain slope surface runoff and interflow according to claim 2, characterized in that the surface runoff collecting tank (24) is fixedly connected with the crushed rock stratum interflow collecting tank (14) through a weir wall; the broken rock stratum interflow water collecting tank (14) is fixedly connected with the soil stratum interflow water collecting tank (11) through a weir wall.
4. The multi-precision observation system for layered monitoring of mountain slope surface runoff and interflow according to claim 3, characterized in that the soil layer filtering device (6) and the crushed rock layer filtering device (13) are identical in structure and comprise: the concrete flow-through layer comprises a first pebble layer (25), a steel plate layer (26) with holes, a second pebble layer (28) and a concrete flow-through layer (27) with holes;
the first pebble layer (25) is paved in front of the steel plate layer (26) with the holes;
the second pebble layer (28) is paved behind the perforated steel plate layer (26) and between the perforated concrete overflowing layer (27);
the concrete overflowing layer (27) with holes in the soil layer filtering device (6) is positioned in front of the soil water guiding groove (7) and is fixedly connected with a wall where the soil water guiding groove (7) is positioned;
and a concrete overflowing layer (27) with holes in the crushed rock stratum filtering device (13) is positioned behind the weirs of the surface runoff collecting tank (24), the crushed rock stratum interflow collecting tank (14) and the soil layer interflow collecting tank (11).
5. The multi-precision observation system for layered monitoring of mountain slope surface runoff and interflow according to claim 2, wherein the surface flow measurement water tank subsystem, the soil layer flow measurement water tank subsystem and the crushed rock layer flow measurement water tank subsystem are identical in structure and comprise: the device comprises a water tank (16), a water tank outlet (19), a first liquid level sensor (18), a second liquid level sensor (20), a third liquid level sensor (21) and an electromagnetic valve (22);
the first liquid level sensor (18) is arranged on the lower bottom surface of the water tank (16);
the water tank outlet (19) is positioned on the side surface of the water tank (16) close to the bottom;
the second liquid level sensor (20) is positioned on the side surface of the middle upper part of the water tank (16);
the third liquid level sensor (21) is positioned on the side surface of the middle lower part of the water tank (16) and is positioned above the water tank outlet (19);
the water tank outlet (19) is fixedly connected with a water inlet of the electromagnetic valve (22) through a flange nut;
and a water outlet of the electromagnetic valve (22) is connected with a water inlet of the turbine flow sensor (23).
6. The multi-precision observation system for layered monitoring of mountain slope surface runoff and interflow according to claim 5, wherein the surface flow measurement water tank subsystem, the soil layer flow measurement water tank subsystem and the crushed rock layer flow measurement water tank subsystem are identical in structure, and further comprising: the system comprises a power supply, a controller, a relay, a turbine flow sensor module and a pressure water level sensor module;
the power supply is respectively and electrically connected with the controller, the relay, the turbine flow sensor module, the pressure water level sensor module, the first liquid level sensor (18), the second liquid level sensor (20) and the third liquid level sensor (21);
the controller is respectively in communication connection with the relay, the turbine flow sensor module, the pressure water level sensor module, the first liquid level sensor (18), the second liquid level sensor (20) and the third liquid level sensor (21);
the relay is electrically connected with the electromagnetic valve (22).
7. The multi-precision observation system for layered monitoring of hillside surface runoff and interflow of claim 6, wherein the turbine flow sensor module comprises: the device comprises a turbine flow sensor (23), a first high-precision resistor, a first air switch and a first data acquisition unit;
one end of the turbine flow sensor (23) is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the other end of the turbine flow sensor is connected with one end of the first high-precision resistor;
the first data collector is connected in parallel to two ends of the first high-precision resistor;
the other end of the first high-precision resistor is connected with one end of a first air switch;
the other end of the first air switch is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply;
and the signal output end of the first data acquisition unit is in communication connection with the controller.
8. The multi-precision observation system for layered monitoring of mountain slope surface runoff and interflow flow according to claim 6, wherein the pressure water level sensor module comprises: the pressure water level sensor (17), the second high-precision resistor, the second air switch and the second data collector;
one end of the pressure water level sensor (17) is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the other end of the pressure water level sensor is connected with one end of the second high-precision resistor;
the second data collector is connected in parallel to two ends of the second high-precision resistor;
the other end of the second high-precision resistor is connected with one end of a second air switch;
the other end of the second air switch is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply;
and the signal output end of the second data acquisition device is in communication connection with the controller.
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