CN109900330A - Multistage forest diameter flow measuring system - Google Patents
Multistage forest diameter flow measuring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109900330A CN109900330A CN201711290333.2A CN201711290333A CN109900330A CN 109900330 A CN109900330 A CN 109900330A CN 201711290333 A CN201711290333 A CN 201711290333A CN 109900330 A CN109900330 A CN 109900330A
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- Prior art keywords
- tipping bucket
- runoff
- metering tipping
- catch basin
- metering
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Abstract
The present invention relates to soil erosions and forest hydrology field of measuring technique, specifically a kind of multistage forest diameter flow measuring system, including runoff area, catch basin, control system, flowmeter and double-skip rainfall gauge, the runoff of runoff area different soils floor separately flows into corresponding catch basin, each catch basin passes through connecting line respectively and is connected from different flowmeters and double-skip rainfall gauge, the funnel that is filled with water is equipped in double-skip rainfall gauge, first metering tipping bucket, second metering tipping bucket and integrated sensor, runoff is fallen into the first metering tipping bucket after flowing by the funnel that is filled with water, a part of runoff in first metering tipping bucket flows into the second metering tipping bucket, the first metering tipping bucket and the second metering tipping bucket issue signal to the integrated sensor when overturning, the integrated sensor is connected with the control system.The present invention can measure the runoff of different soils layer, and use dual measurement, it is ensured that the measurement accuracy of different number grade runoff.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil erosion and forest hydrology field of measuring technique, specifically a kind of multistage forest runoff
Measuring system.
Background technique
Forest runoff refers to after Atmospheric precipitation in addition to direct evaporation, vegetation retention, Litter Layer retention, remaining ground by
Along certain orientation and path flowing water stream under gravity, size depend on landform, precipitation intensity, soil permeability,
Ground vegetation and ground mulching etc., it can cause water and soil and nutrient loss, be an important link of water circulation.Accurate Determining one
The change information for determining forest runoff rate in precipitation time is the important of research forest slope surface hydrologic process, soil and nutrient loss
Basis.
However, traditional forest runoff observation facility can only measure the rainwash in Precipitation Process, for soil infiltration
Process and interflow generate and change procedure is not capable of measuring.In addition to preventing runoff excessive, it is often necessary to establish multistage point
Facility is flowed, cost is not only increased, and it is time-consuming to clear up silt work, and the flow automatic measuring in runoff process is
Problem in field test at present, multistage runoff pond is mostly the measurement of artificial or self recording level meter in the prior art, cannot in real time or
Process measurement, limits the dynamic change of real-time measurement runoff, the data obtained is not able to satisfy actual demand.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of multistage forest diameter flow measuring systems, can flow into the diameter of different soils layer
Row measurement, and dual measurement is carried out using flowmeter and double-skip rainfall gauge, it both can satisfy the survey of different regions runoff
Amount, is also ensured the measurement accuracy of different number grade runoff.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of multistage forest diameter flow measuring system, including runoff area, catch basin, control system, flowmeter and double-skip
The runoff of rainfall gauge, runoff area different soils floor separately flows into corresponding catch basin, and each catch basin passes through connection respectively
Pipeline is connected from different double-skip rainfall gauges, and flowmeter is set on connecting line, is equipped in double-skip rainfall gauge
Be filled with water funnel, the first metering tipping bucket, the second metering tipping bucket and integrated sensor, is fallen into after runoff inflow by the funnel that is filled with water
In first metering tipping bucket, a part of runoff in the first metering tipping bucket is flowed into the second metering tipping bucket, the first metering tipping bucket
Signal, the integrated sensor and the control system phase are issued to the integrated sensor when overturning with the second metering tipping bucket
Even.
The funnel that is filled with water, the first metering tipping bucket, the second metering tipping bucket on the double-skip rainfall gauge are all set in one
In shell, it is equipped with a partition in the housing central section, the first metering tipping bucket is set on the upside of the partition, and described second
Metering tipping bucket is set on the downside of the partition, is equipped with water conservancy diversion funnel between the first metering tipping bucket and the second metering tipping bucket,
It is equipped with meter regulating valve on the partition, is equipped with a pedestal on the downside of the second metering tipping bucket, sets on the base
There are list control damper and integrated sensor.
First metering tipping bucket is equipped with the first solenoid valve, and the second metering tipping bucket is equipped with second solenoid valve, first meter
When measuring tipping bucket overturning, the first solenoid valve connects circuit and simultaneously conveys pulse signal to the integrated sensor, and the second metering tipping bucket turns over
When, second solenoid valve connects circuit and to the integrated sensor output pulse signal.
The partition is equipped with drainage hole.
The runoff area is rectangle, and boundary and high slope segment boundary are equipped with baffle at left and right sides of the runoff area.
It is equipped with drainage plate between the soil profile of the low slope section of the catch basin and the runoff area, has bar shaped on the upside of catch basin
Gap, described drainage plate one end are inserted into the soil profile of the low slope section in the runoff area, and the other end is protruded by the bar shaped gap
In the catch basin.
The catch basin lower end is equipped with catch basin diversion pipe and is connected with connecting line.
Barricade is equipped on the outside of the catch basin, and the catch basin is integrally entirely located in barricade.
The connecting line is equipped with control solenoid valve and flowmeter, and the control solenoid valve and flowmeter and the control are
System is connected.
The connecting line is equipped with one section of U-shaped conduit, and the control solenoid valve is set to the input of the U-shaped conduit
Side, the flowmeter are set in the middle part of the arcuation of the U-shaped conduit.
Advantages of the present invention and good effect are as follows:
1, the present invention can measure the runoff of different soils layer, and use double-skip rainfall gauge, both can be with
The measurement accuracy of large and small runoff is also ensured in the measurement for meeting different regions runoff, and the flowmeter connection on connecting line
The measurement of double-skip rainfall gauge is closed, is further ensured that measurement accuracy.
2, the double-skip rainfall gauge that the present invention uses, and solenoid valve is equipped on each metering tipping bucket, metering tipping bucket is every
Solenoid valve issues signal and is transmitted in control system, precise measurement run-off when secondary overturning, and the present invention is adjusted by metering
It saves valve regulation first and measures tipping bucket resolution ratio, to adapt to different number grade runoff, turned over by the second metering of list control damper adjustment
Struggle against tilt angle, is further ensured that measurement accuracy.
3, the achievable multiple-working mode of the present invention, when the first metering tipping bucket internal water accumulation can reach setting resolution ratio,
First metering tipping bucket and the second metering tipping bucket overturn and issue signal, and two metering tipping bucket total amounts are run-off, when the first metering
When the maximum resolution of setting is not achieved in ponding in tipping bucket, the first metering is turned over and can not be tilted, but the diameter in the first metering tipping bucket
Stream can be measured by water conservancy diversion funnel into the second metering tipping bucket.
4, control solenoid valve, the control are equipped on connecting line of the present invention between catch basin and double-skip rainfall gauge
The power consumption of system when solenoid valve processed can reduce no runoff extends the remote districts battery powered working time, reduces battery more
The workload changed.
5, using being locally stored and being wirelessly transferred double mode, timeliness and safety greatly improve the present invention, easy to use,
Stability is strong.
6, the present invention can be realized automatic, the real-time measurement of forest difference runoff, and have precision high, stable, applicable
The features such as property is strong.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention,
Fig. 2 is the collecting groove structure schematic diagram in Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 is the U-shaped conduit schematic diagram in Fig. 1,
Fig. 4 is the double-skip rainfall gauge structural schematic diagram in Fig. 1.
Wherein, 1 is runoff area, and 101 be baffle, and 2 be catch basin, and 3 be drainage plate, and 4 be control solenoid valve, and 5 be flowmeter,
6 be U-shaped conduit, and 7 be double-skip rainfall gauge, and 701 is are filled with water funnel, and 702 be water conservancy diversion funnel, and 703 be drainage hole, and 704 be the
One solenoid valve, 705 be the first metering tipping bucket, and 706 be meter regulating valve, and 707 be the second metering tipping bucket, and 708 be integrated sensor,
709 be list control damper, and 710 be second solenoid valve, and 711 be shell, and 712 be partition, and 8 be control system, and 9 be catch basin water conservancy diversion
Pipe, 10 be barricade,
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in figures 1-4, the present invention includes runoff area 1, catch basin 2, control system 8, flowmeter 5 and double-skip rain
Meter 7, wherein the runoff of 1 different soils floor of the runoff area separately flows into corresponding catch basin 2, each catch basin 2 divides
Not Tong Guo connecting line and different double-skip rainfall gauges 7 be connected, flowmeter 5 is set on connecting line, as shown in figure 4,
It measures the metering tipping bucket 707 of tipping bucket 705, second equipped with the funnel 701, first that is filled with water in the double-skip rainfall gauge 7 and integrates and pass
Sensor 708, runoff are fallen into the first metering tipping bucket 705 after flowing by the funnel 701 that is filled with water, in the first metering tipping bucket 705
A part of runoff flow into second metering tipping bucket 707 in, it is described first metering tipping bucket 705 and second metering tipping bucket 707 overturn when
Signal is issued to the integrated sensor 708, the integrated sensor 708 is connected with the control system 8.
As shown in Figure 1, the runoff area 1 is rectangle, runoff area 1 width 5m, extent of horizontal projection 20m in the present embodiment,
Horizontal projected area 100m2, have depth up to chorizon, width on 1 left and right sides boundary of runoff area and the digging of high slope segment boundary
For the rill of 0.2m, rill inside is filled with baffle 101,101 upper end of baffle exposing earth's surface 20cm, described in the present embodiment
Baffle 101 is stainless steel plate, is sealed against, and backfill rammed earth in the seam crossing electric welding of each baffle 101, prevents runoff area 1
Outside moisture penetrates into, and the low slope segment boundary in the runoff area 1 is scraped out to the soil profile for being deep to chorizon.
As shown in Fig. 1~2, the present invention is equipped with the corresponding collection different soils layer runoff of multiple catch basins 2, the multiple to catchment
Slot 2 is all set at the soil profile of the low slope in the runoff area 1 section and corresponds with different soils floor, and each catch basin 2 is
It will be corresponded in soil horizon runoff lead-ingroove by drainage plate 3, pair of the low slope in the runoff area 1 section is inserted into described 3 one end of drainage plate
It answers in soil horizon, the other end protrudes into the catch basin 2, and barricade 10, in the present embodiment, institute are equipped on the outside of the catch basin 2
Barricade 10 is stated with a thickness of 15~20cm, the catch basin 2 is whole to be entirely located in barricade 10, the catch basin 2 it is whole V-shaped and
Downside narrow end is equipped with catch basin diversion pipe 9, the catch basin diversion pipe 9 of each 2 lower end of catch basin by connecting line with it is corresponding
Double-skip rainfall gauge 7 is connected.
In the present embodiment, the 2 top cross section of catch basin is rectangle, and a length of 5m, wide 10~20cm are high according to layering feelings
Condition determines that lower part is narrowed, and longitudinal section is in " V " type, and bottom angled degree is 30 °, and low side is equipped with φ 5cm circle catch basin diversion pipe
9,2 upper inner of catch basin has long 5m bar shaped gap to protrude into for drainage plate 3, remaining side, top seal.3 sum aggregate of drainage plate
The both ends of sink 2 are fixed and are tightly connected with the baffle of corresponding long side respectively.The drainage plate 3 is 5m long, width 10cm, and one end is inserted
Enter 5cm in corresponding soil horizon, the other end protrudes into 2 in catch basin from the bar shaped gap.
As shown in figures 1 and 3, the connecting line is equipped with control solenoid valve 4, flowmeter 5 and one section of U-shaped conduit 6, institute
The input side that control solenoid valve 4 is set to the U-shaped conduit 6 is stated, the flowmeter 5 is set in the arcuation of the U-shaped conduit 6
Portion, the control solenoid valve 4 and flowmeter 5 are controlled by the control system 8.
As shown in figure 4, the funnel 701, first that is filled with water on the double-skip rainfall gauge 7 measures tipping bucket 705, second and measures
Tipping bucket 707 is all set in a shell 711, and a partition 712 is equipped in the middle part of the shell 711, and first metering is turned over
Bucket 705 is set to 712 upside of partition, and the second metering tipping bucket 707 is set to 712 downside of partition, described to be filled with water
701 downside tapered end of funnel is equipped with conduit in the recessed first metering tipping bucket 705 of runoff, measures 705 downside of tipping bucket described first
Equipped with a through-hole, a water conservancy diversion funnel 702 is equipped on the downside of the through-hole, a part of diameter in the first metering tipping bucket 705 flows through
It is flowed into the second metering tipping bucket 707 by the through-hole and water conservancy diversion funnel 702, meter regulating valve is equipped on the partition 712
706, the meter regulating valve 706 is for adjusting the first metering 705 resolution ratio of tipping bucket, to adapt to different number grade runoff, in institute
It states and is equipped with a pedestal on the downside of the second metering tipping bucket 707, the pedestal is equipped with list control damper 709 and integrated sensor 708,
For the list control damper 709 for adjusting the second metering tipping bucket tilt angle, this is techniques well known.
As shown in figure 4, the first metering tipping bucket 705 is equipped with the first solenoid valve 704, the second metering tipping bucket 707 is equipped with the
Two solenoid valves 710, the integrated sensor 708 include logger and signal output terminal, and runoff flows into the first metering tipping bucket 705
When, when water accumulating volume reaches the maximum resolution of the first metering tipping bucket 705 setting, the first metering 705 disequilibrium of tipping bucket is overturned,
And overturn each time, so that the first solenoid valve 704 is connected circuit, the logger on integrated sensor 708 conveys a pulse
Signal, the sub-fraction runoff in the first metering tipping bucket 705 flows into the second metering tipping bucket by water conservancy diversion funnel 702 at the same time
It is measured in 707, the second metering tipping bucket 707 makes second solenoid valve 710 connect circuit after overturning, also to integrated sensor 708
On logger export a pulse signal.Integrated sensor 708 is counted using multi-channel electronic technical controlling counter by first
The pulse signal of amount tipping bucket 705 and the second metering tipping bucket 707 is recorded, and is transferred in control system 8.The integrated sensing
Device 708 is techniques well known.
As shown in figure 4, drainage hole 703 is equipped on the partition 712, the water that the first metering tipping bucket 705 is toppled over after overturning
It is flowed down by the drainage hole 703.
In the present embodiment, the control system 8 is the control system of market customization, by data acquisition, storage, wireless transmission
It is integrated etc. multiple modules, the control system 8 be equipped with multiple connecting terminals respectively with the control solenoid valve on each connecting line
4, the integrated sensor 708 of flowmeter 5 and each double-skip rainfall gauge 7 is connected.
The operation principle of the present invention is that:
When the invention works, firstly, according to practical runoff situation, the meter regulating valve in double-skip rainfall gauge 7 is adjusted
706, to suitable resolution ratio position, then start control system 8, control system 8 issues control signal, the every ginseng of setting flowmeter 5
Several and double-skip rainfall gauge 7 data acquisition intervals time, the runoff of 1 different soils floor of runoff area separately flow into corresponding collection
In sink 2, then U-shaped conduit 6 is flowed through through connecting line and is entered in corresponding double-skip rainfall gauge 7.
When runoff is by the middle part of U-shaped 6 arc of conduit, control solenoid valve 4 powers on, and flowmeter 5 is started to work, and then flows
After entering double-skip rainfall gauge 7, the first metering tipping bucket 705 is flowed by the funnel 701 that is filled with water of upside, when water accumulating volume reaches the first meter
When measuring the maximum resolution that tipping bucket 705 is arranged, the first metering 705 disequilibrium of tipping bucket is overturned, and overturns each time, all makes first
Solenoid valve 704 connects circuit, and the logger on integrated sensor 708 conveys a pulse signal, at the same time the first metering
Sub-fraction runoff in tipping bucket 705 is flowed into the second metering tipping bucket 707 by water conservancy diversion funnel 702 to be measured, and the second meter
Amount tipping bucket 707 makes second solenoid valve 710 connect circuit after overturning, and also the logger on integrated sensor 708 exports an arteries and veins
Rush signal.Integrated sensor 708 is turned over the first metering tipping bucket 705 and the second metering using multi-channel electronic technical controlling counter
The pulse signal of bucket 707 is recorded, and is transferred in control system 8, so repeats to get off runoff measurement, two meterings
Tipping bucket total amount is run-off.
When the maximum resolution of setting is not achieved in the ponding in the first metering tipping bucket 705, the first metering tipping bucket 705 can not
Inclination, but the runoff in the first metering tipping bucket 705 can be measured by water conservancy diversion funnel 702 into the second metering tipping bucket 707.
The present invention uses the dual measurement structure of flowmeter 5 and double-skip rainfall gauge 7, on the one hand can satisfy differently
On the other hand the measurement of area's diameter runoff may insure the measurement accuracy of different number grade runoff again.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of multistage forest diameter flow measuring system, it is characterised in that: including runoff area (1), catch basin (2), control system
(8), the runoff of flowmeter (5) and double-skip rainfall gauge (7), runoff area (1) different soils floor separately flows into corresponding catch basin
(2) in, each catch basin (2) is connected by connecting line from different double-skip rainfall gauges (7) respectively, flowmeter
(5) be set on connecting line, be equipped in double-skip rainfall gauge (7) funnel that is filled with water (701), the first metering tipping bucket (705),
Second metering tipping bucket (707) and integrated sensor (708), runoff pass through after flowing into and fall into the first meter by the funnel that is filled with water (701)
It measures in tipping bucket (705), a part of runoff in the first metering tipping bucket (705) flows into the second metering tipping bucket (707), and described first
Signal, the collection are issued to the integrated sensor (708) when measuring tipping bucket (705) and the second metering tipping bucket (707) overturning
It is connected at sensor (708) with the control system (8).
2. multistage forest diameter flow measuring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the double-skip rainfall gauge
(7) funnel that is filled with water (701), the first metering tipping bucket (705) on, the second metering tipping bucket (707) are all set in a shell (711)
In, a partition (712) is equipped in the middle part of the shell (711), first metering tipping bucket (705) is set to the partition
(712) upside, second metering tipping bucket (707) are set on the downside of the partition (712), in the first metering tipping bucket
(705) water conservancy diversion funnel (702) are equipped between the second metering tipping bucket (707), meter regulating valve is equipped on the partition (712)
(706), it is equipped with a pedestal on the downside of second metering tipping bucket (707), is equipped with list control damper (709) on the base
With integrated sensor (708).
3. multistage forest diameter flow measuring system according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the first metering tipping bucket (705)
It is equipped with the first solenoid valve (704), the second metering tipping bucket (707) is equipped with second solenoid valve (710), the first metering tipping bucket
(705) when overturning, the first solenoid valve (704) connects circuit and conveys pulse signal, the second meter to the integrated sensor (708)
When measuring tipping bucket (707) and overturning, second solenoid valve (710) connects circuit and to the integrated sensor (708) output pulse signal.
4. multistage forest diameter flow measuring system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the partition (712) is equipped with
Drainage hole (703).
5. multistage forest diameter flow measuring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the runoff area (1) is in rectangular
Shape, boundary and high slope segment boundary are equipped with baffle (101) at left and right sides of the runoff area (1).
6. multistage forest diameter flow measuring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the catch basin (2) with it is described
Drainage plate (3) are equipped between the soil profile of the low slope section in runoff area (1), have bar shaped gap, the drainage plate on the upside of catch basin (2)
(3) one end is inserted into the soil profile of the low slope section of the runoff area (1), and the other end protrudes into the catch basin by the bar shaped gap
(2) in.
7. multistage forest diameter flow measuring system according to claim 1 or 6, it is characterised in that: catch basin (2) lower end
It is connected equipped with catch basin diversion pipe (9) with connecting line.
8. multistage forest diameter flow measuring system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: set on the outside of the catch basin (2)
Have barricade (10), and the catch basin (2) is integrally entirely located in barricade (10).
9. multistage forest diameter flow measuring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the connecting line is equipped with control
Solenoid valve (4) and flowmeter (5), the control solenoid valve (4) and flowmeter (5) are connected with the control system (8).
10. multistage forest diameter flow measuring system according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: the connecting line is equipped with
One section of U-shaped conduit (6), control solenoid valve (4) are set to the input side of the U-shaped conduit (6), and the flowmeter (5) sets
It is placed in the middle part of the arcuation of the U-shaped conduit (6).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711290333.2A CN109900330A (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2017-12-08 | Multistage forest diameter flow measuring system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711290333.2A CN109900330A (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2017-12-08 | Multistage forest diameter flow measuring system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109900330A true CN109900330A (en) | 2019-06-18 |
Family
ID=66940024
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711290333.2A Pending CN109900330A (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2017-12-08 | Multistage forest diameter flow measuring system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN109900330A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112197821A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-01-08 | 清华大学 | Multi-precision observation system for layered monitoring of mountain slope surface runoff and interflow |
| CN113405623A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-17 | 内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院 | Integrated check out test set of forest hydrology |
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| CN2864713Y (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2007-01-31 | 阮士松 | Multiple-pass double skip pluviograph |
| CN104897879A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-09-09 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for in-situ measurement of surface runoff of southern orchards |
| CN205656323U (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-10-19 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Automatic survey system of forest hydrology water yield |
| WO2016176355A1 (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2016-11-03 | Precision Planting Llc | Systems, methods, and devices for monitoring weather and field conditions |
| CN207472324U (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-06-08 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A kind of multistage forest diameter flow measuring system |
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2017
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2864713Y (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2007-01-31 | 阮士松 | Multiple-pass double skip pluviograph |
| WO2016176355A1 (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2016-11-03 | Precision Planting Llc | Systems, methods, and devices for monitoring weather and field conditions |
| CN104897879A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-09-09 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for in-situ measurement of surface runoff of southern orchards |
| CN205656323U (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-10-19 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Automatic survey system of forest hydrology water yield |
| CN207472324U (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-06-08 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A kind of multistage forest diameter flow measuring system |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112197821A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-01-08 | 清华大学 | Multi-precision observation system for layered monitoring of mountain slope surface runoff and interflow |
| CN113405623A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-17 | 内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院 | Integrated check out test set of forest hydrology |
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