CN110093967B - System for controlling road rainwater runoff and effect monitoring method thereof - Google Patents
System for controlling road rainwater runoff and effect monitoring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110093967B CN110093967B CN201910336134.3A CN201910336134A CN110093967B CN 110093967 B CN110093967 B CN 110093967B CN 201910336134 A CN201910336134 A CN 201910336134A CN 110093967 B CN110093967 B CN 110093967B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/22—Adaptations of pumping plants for lifting sewage
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system for controlling road rainwater runoff and an effect monitoring method thereof. Including ditch, biological detention pond water distribution pond, biological detention pond overflow collecting pit and inflow control floodgate in this system, the biological detention pond of different elevations forms the biological detention group that the ladder distributes, still can adjust the operating condition in biological detention pond through the open and close state of control inflow control floodgate, carries out rainwater runoff inflow sample, overflow sample and seepage sample analysis to monitor the effect in biological detention pond as required. The invention overcomes the problems of the scale effect of the laboratory test of the existing biological retention tank, the long test period and the like, and can monitor the rainwater runoff control effect of the road rainwater runoff control system by simulating the road rainwater runoff on site.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to road rainwater runoff control, in particular to a system for road rainwater runoff control and an effect monitoring method thereof.
Background
Urban road rainwater runoff, particularly initial rainwater runoff, has increasingly become one of main pollution sources of urban water environment, and main pollutants of the urban road rainwater runoff include nitrogen, phosphorus, grease and heavy metals. The bioretention pond is a facility composed of plants, soil and microorganisms, reduces the flow of the rainwater runoff and purifies the water quality of the runoff by the storage and seepage, the plant root system and the microorganism reaction, and is widely applied to the treatment of the polluted rainwater runoff at present. Therefore, the bioretention tanks are commonly used for the main body of the road rainwater runoff control system to be applied to urban road rainwater runoff treatment. With the continuous promotion of sponge city construction in China, research on road rainwater runoff control effect of the bioretention pond becomes a hotspot.
At present, the domestic and foreign research on the bioretention pond is mainly in the laboratory research stage, the research on outdoor field tests is less, long-term operation effect monitoring is lacked, and the effect monitoring method is rarely reported and is specially proposed in order to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the laboratory test scale effect, the long test period and the like of the existing bioretention pond, the invention provides a system for controlling the road rainfall runoff and an effect monitoring method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A system for road rainwater runoff control comprises a first ditch, a second ditch, a third ditch, a fourth ditch, a first bioretention pond, a second bioretention pond, a first flow meter, a second flow meter, a third flow meter, a water distribution pond of the first bioretention pond, a first bioretention pond overflow collection ditch, a water distribution pond of the second bioretention pond and a second bioretention pond overflow collection ditch; along the flow direction of the rainwater runoff, the front end of the first water channel is connected with the road surface, the rear end of the first water channel is connected with the first flowmeter, and the rainwater runoff on the road enters the system from the first water channel; the front end of the second water channel is connected with the first flowmeter, the rear end of the second water channel is connected with the second flowmeter, the second water channel and the first biological retention pool are distributed in parallel, and the first biological retention pool overflow collecting channel positioned at the tail end of the first biological retention pool is vertically connected with the tail end of the second water channel; the front end of the third ditch is connected with a second bioretention pond overflow collecting pond positioned at the tail end of the second bioretention pond, and the tail end of the third ditch is connected with a third flow meter; the front end of the fourth water channel is connected with the water distribution tank of the second biological detention tank, and the tail end of the fourth water channel freely flows out; the water distribution pool of the first biological retention pool is connected with the first biological retention pool and is also connected with the first flowmeter; the front end of the water distribution tank of the second biological detention tank is connected with the second flowmeter, and the tail end of the water distribution tank is respectively connected with the second biological detention tank and the fourth ditch; the first bioretention tank is higher in elevation than the second bioretention tank. The ground elevation of the first biological detention pond is higher than that of the second biological detention pond, so that runoff can smoothly enter the second biological detention pond from the first biological detention pond by virtue of elevation difference to form a step-distributed biological detention pond group.
The system further comprises a water tower serving as a water supply source, a water pump and a water outlet regulating valve, wherein the water pump is respectively connected with the water tower and the first water channel through connecting pipes, and the water outlet of the water pump is provided with the water outlet regulating valve; the system also includes a plurality of in-flow control gates; the second ditch inflow control gate is positioned at the front end of the second ditch and is flush with the front end of the first biological retention pond; the first bioretention pond inflow control gate is positioned at the front end of the water distribution pond of the first bioretention pond, and the second bioretention pond inflow control gate is arranged at the front end of the second bioretention pond and is used for controlling rainwater runoff to enter the second bioretention pond; the fourth canal inflow control gate is arranged at the joint of the fourth canal and the water distribution tank of the second biological detention tank; for first biological detention pond overflow bank between first biological detention pond and the first biological detention pond overflow collection canal, overflow in first biological detention pond gets into first biological detention pond overflow collection canal after through first biological detention pond overflow bank, for second biological detention pond overflow bank between second biological detention pond and the second biological detention pond overflow collection canal, overflow in the second biological detention pond gets into second biological detention pond overflow collection canal after through second biological detention pond overflow bank.
Further, the second bioretention pond comprises a water storage layer, a bark covering layer, a planting soil layer, a biochar layer, a permeable geotextile, a stone chip layer, a permeable geotextile and a gravel drainage layer from top to bottom, and also comprises a perforated drainage pipe positioned in the gravel drainage layer, or the positions of the planting soil layer and the biochar layer in the second bioretention pond are exchanged, or the planting soil layer and the biochar layer in the second bioretention pond are replaced by a mixed layer which is composed of a mixture of fillers in the biochar layer and the planting soil layer; the first bioretention pond has the same structure of second bioretention pond, and first bioretention pond still includes prevention of seepage membrane, just prevention of seepage membrane is located gravel drainage layer below, and the flooding district that can impound is regarded as between the outlet of perforation drain pipe and the prevention of seepage membrane. And the drain pipe can be connected with the elbow to raise the height of the drain outlet, and the biological retention pond with the submerged area can improve the removal capacity of nitrogen.
Furthermore, soil moisture sensors are arranged in the planting soil layer, the stone chip layer and the gravel drainage layer of the first bioretention pond and the second bioretention pond, and the soil moisture sensors are contact sensors. The sensor can convert the soil moisture content into a usable signal for output, namely the soil moisture sensor can measure the change of the soil moisture content in the test process.
Furthermore, a first seepage observation well is arranged at the bottom of one side of the first bioretention pond, a perforated drainage pipe of the first bioretention pond is connected into a rectangular channel of the first seepage observation well, and a fourth flowmeter is arranged on the rectangular channel of the first seepage observation well; the bottom of one side of the second biological retention pool is provided with a second seepage observation well, a perforated drainage pipe of the second biological retention pool is connected into a rectangular channel of the second seepage observation well, and the fifth flowmeter is installed on the rectangular channel of the second seepage observation well.
The system can simulate the road rainwater runoff to monitor the rainwater runoff control effect of the bioretention pond, and can also monitor the rainwater runoff control effect of the bioretention pond of actual rainfall rainwater runoff. Because the uncertainty of the actual rainfall runoff control effect monitoring time is large and the test period is long, in order to shorten the test period and better research the control effect of the rainfall runoff of the bioretention pond, the invention also discloses a monitoring method for the bioretention pond rainfall runoff control effect by using the simulated road rainfall runoff and a monitoring method for the bioretention pond rainfall runoff control effect by using the actual rainfall runoff. The method comprises the following steps when monitoring the rainwater runoff of the simulated road:
step S1: calculating the road rainwater runoff in the rainfall recurrence period and the rainfall duration; specifically, the rainfall is calculated according to the Chicago rain type, and then the rainfall is converted into the flow by combining a rainfall flow formula;
step S2: preparing a pollutant solution according to the actual concentration condition of the road rainwater runoff pollutants, and placing the pollutant solution in a water tower;
step S3: setting the opening and closing states of a second channel inflow control gate, a first bioretention pond inflow control gate, a second bioretention pond inflow control gate and a fourth channel inflow control gate;
step S4: the water outlet regulating valve of the water pump is regulated to enable the water pump to discharge water according to the rainwater runoff obtained in the step S1, and meanwhile, all the flow meters and the soil moisture sensors are started by being electrified;
step S5: carrying out rainwater runoff inflow sampling, overflow sampling and seepage sampling;
step S6: performing water quality detection and analysis on the water sample;
step S7: evaluating the rainwater runoff control effect of the bioretention pond;
the method comprises the following steps when monitoring the actual road rainwater runoff:
step S1: setting the opening and closing states of a second channel inflow control gate, a first bioretention pond inflow control gate, a second bioretention pond inflow control gate and a fourth channel inflow control gate;
step S2: rainwater runoff on the road surface is led into the system through a first water channel, and all the flowmeters and the soil moisture sensors are started by power connection;
step S3: carrying out rainwater runoff inflow sampling, overflow sampling and seepage sampling;
step S4: performing water quality detection and analysis on the water sample;
step S5: and (4) evaluating the rainwater runoff control effect of the bioretention pond.
Further, in step S1, when monitoring the simulated road rainfall runoff, the rainfall is calculated according to the "chicago rain type", and then the rainfall is converted into the flow by combining with the rainfall flow formula; specifically, the rainfall intensity formula of the researched area, the service area of the bioretention pond, the rainwater runoff flow formula, the runoff coefficient, the rainfall recurrence period and the rainfall duration are combined to calculate the road rainwater runoff in the simulated rainfall recurrence period and the rainfall duration. The simulated rainfall reappearance period is 0.5-2 years, the duration of the rainfall can be 60 minutes or 120 minutes,
further, in step S2, when monitoring the simulated road rainfall runoff, the road rainfall runoff pollutants include ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total copper and total zinc, and a rainfall runoff pollutant solution is prepared using ammonium sulfate, peptone, white granulated sugar, starch, disodium hydrogen phosphate, kaolin, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and calcium ammonium nitrate.
Further, in step S3 when performing the simulated road rainwater runoff monitoring or step S1 when performing the actual road rainwater runoff monitoring, when only the runoff control effect of the first bioretention pond is monitored, the first bioretention pond inflow control gate is opened, the second canal inflow control gate is closed, rainwater is made to flow through the water distribution pond of the first bioretention pond and enter the first bioretention pond, meanwhile, the second bioretention pond inflow control gate is closed, the fourth canal inflow control gate is opened, and overflow from the first bioretention pond is drained from the fourth drainage canal; when only the runoff control effect of the second biological retention pond is monitored, closing the inflow control gate of the first biological retention pond, opening the inflow control gate of the second ditch, enabling rainwater to flow into the water distribution pond of the second biological retention pond through the second ditch and the second flow meter in a runoff way, simultaneously opening the inflow control gate of the second biological retention pond, and closing the inflow control gate of the fourth ditch, so that rainwater runoff in the water distribution pond of the second biological retention pond only flows into the second biological retention pond; when the effect of simultaneous action of the first bioretention pond and the second bioretention pond is monitored, the first bioretention pond inflow control gate and the second bioretention pond inflow control gate are opened, the second ditch inflow control gate and the fourth ditch inflow control gate are closed, rainwater flows into the first bioretention pond through the water distribution pond of the first bioretention pond in a runoff way, after the first bioretention pond generates overflow, the overflow flows into the water distribution pond of the second bioretention pond through the first bioretention pond overflow collection channel, the second ditch and the second flowmeter, and then the overflow in the water distribution pond of the second bioretention pond enters the second bioretention pond.
Further, in step S5 when monitoring the rainwater runoff of the simulated road or step S3 when monitoring the rainwater runoff of the actual road, the sampling water intake of the rainwater runoff is 2000 ml; the rainwater runoff inflow sampling position of the first bioretention pond is positioned behind the first flowmeter, the overflow sampling position of the first bioretention pond is positioned behind the second flowmeter, and the seepage sampling position of the first bioretention pond is positioned behind the fourth flowmeter; and after the overflow sampling position of the second bioretention pond is positioned on the third flow meter, the seepage sampling position of the second bioretention pond is positioned on the fifth flow meter, and the runoff flow of the second bioretention pond is the overflow of the first bioretention pond or the runoff flow after the first flow meter.
Further, in step S7 when the rainwater runoff monitoring of the simulated road is performed or in step S5 when the rainwater runoff monitoring of the simulated road is performed, the evaluation indexes of the rainwater runoff control effect of the bioretention pond include a runoff volume reduction rate, a seepage drainage rate, an overflow rate, a runoff pollutant reduction rate and a seepage pollutant reduction rate.
Furthermore, when the rainwater runoff control effect of the actual rainfall rainwater runoff bioretention pond is monitored, the sampling method, the water quality analysis index and the water quality evaluation index are consistent with those when the rainwater runoff control effect of the bioretention pond is monitored by applying the simulated road rainwater runoff.
When the rainwater runoff control effect of the actual rainfall rainwater runoff bioretention pond is monitored, the sampling method, the water quality analysis index and the water quality evaluation index are consistent with those when the rainwater runoff control effect of the bioretention pond is monitored by applying simulated road rainwater runoff.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the test system is constructed in a field, and solves the scale effect problem of the test of the bioretention pond in a laboratory; the invention can also monitor the rainfall runoff control effect of the rainfall runoff bioretention pond actually, and realize the long-term operation monitoring of the bioretention pond; the invention can also monitor the control effect of the rainwater runoff of the bioretention pond by manually simulating the rainwater runoff of the road, thereby being beneficial to shortening the test period and improving the test efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal section A-A of an assay system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the assay system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structural layers of the first bioretention tank;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structural layers of a second bioretention tank;
wherein: 1. a water tower; 2. a water pump; 3. a water outlet regulating valve; 4. a connecting pipe; 5. a first raceway; 6. a first flow meter; 7. a first bioretention tank; 8. a second raceway; 9. a first seepage observation well; 10. a fourth flow meter; 11. a second flow meter; 12. a second bioretention pond; 13. a third raceway; 14. a second seepage observation well; 15. a fifth flow meter; 16. a third flow meter; 17. a aquifer; 18. a bark blanket; 19. planting a soil layer; 20. a charcoal layer; 21. a layer of stone chips; 22. a gravel drainage layer; 23. an impermeable membrane; 24. a perforated drain pipe; 25. a first canal inflow control gate; 26. a second bioretention pond inflow control gate; 27. a first bioretention pond inflow control gate; 28. a first bioretention pond overflow collection channel; 29. a second bioretention pond overflow collection channel; 30. a fourth canal inflow control gate; 31. a water distribution tank of the first bioretention tank; 32. a water distribution tank of the second biological detention tank; 33. a fourth raceway; 34. a first bioretention pond overflow ridge; 35. the second biological retention tank overflow ridge; 36. a first soil moisture sensor; 37. a second soil moisture sensor; 38. a third soil moisture sensor; 39. a fourth soil moisture sensor; 40. a fifth soil moisture sensor; 41. and a sixth soil moisture sensor.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the following examples and figures, but the practice of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1-4, a system for road storm water runoff control comprises a water tower 1, a water pump 2, a water outlet regulating valve 3, a connecting pipe 4, a first canal 5, a first flowmeter 6, a first bioretention pond 7, a second canal 8, a first seepage observation well 9, a fourth flowmeter 10, a second flowmeter 11, a second bioretention pond 12, a third canal 13, a second seepage observation well 14, a fifth flowmeter 15, a third flowmeter 16, an aquifer 17, a bark cover 18, a planting soil layer 19, a charcoal layer 20, a rock debris layer 21, a gravel drainage layer 22, an impermeable membrane 23, a perforated drainage pipe 24, a first canal inflow control gate 25, a second bioretention pond inflow control gate 26, a first bioretention inflow control gate 27, a first bioretention pond overflow collection gate 28, a second bioretention pond overflow collection gate 29, a fourth inflow control gate 30, a water outlet regulating valve 3, a connecting pipe 4, a first canal 14, a second seepage observation well 14, a fifth flowmeter 15, a third flowmeter 16, a third, A water distribution tank 31 of the first bioretention tank, a water distribution tank 32 of the second bioretention tank, a fourth canal 33, a first bioretention tank overflow sill 34, a second bioretention tank overflow sill 35, a first soil moisture sensor 36, a second soil moisture sensor 37, a third soil moisture sensor 38, a fourth soil moisture sensor 39, a fifth soil moisture sensor 40 and a sixth soil moisture sensor 41.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a water tower 1 is used as a water supply source, and the water tower 1, a water pump 2 and a first canal 5 are connected by a connecting pipe 4; the water pump 2 is used as a power source and is provided with a water outlet regulating valve 3, the water pump 2 is connected with the water tower 1 in front and is connected with the first ditch 5 in back; the first canal 5 is used as a water flow channel, the front of the first canal is connected with the connecting pipe 4 or the road surface, the rear of the first canal is connected with the first flowmeter 6, the front of the first flowmeter 6 is connected with the first canal 5, the rear of the first flowmeter is connected with the second canal 8, and the first flowmeter 6 is used for monitoring the flow of rainwater runoff entering the system; the first bioretention pond 7 is connected with the first bioretention water distribution pond 31 in front, and the tail end of the first bioretention pond is connected with the first bioretention pond overflow collecting channel through a first bioretention overflow ridge; the second canal 8 is connected with the first flowmeter 6 in front and the second flowmeter 11 in back, and along the flow direction of the rainwater runoff, the second canal 8 and the first biological retention pool 7 are distributed in parallel, and the first biological retention pool overflow collecting canal 28 at the tail end of the first biological retention pool 7 is vertically connected with the second canal 8; the front end of the third canal 13 is connected with a second bioretention pond overflow collecting pond 29 positioned at the tail end of the second bioretention pond, and the tail end of the third canal 13 is connected with a third flow meter 16; the right side of the front end of the fourth water channel 33 is connected with the water distribution tank 32 of the second biological detention tank, and the tail end of the fourth water channel 33 is free to flow out; the right side of the water distribution tank 31 of the first biological detention tank is connected with the second water channel 8, and the tail part of the water distribution tank is connected with the front end of the first biological detention tank 7; the front end of the water distribution tank 32 of the second biological detention tank is connected with the second flowmeter 11, the tail part is connected with the front end of the second biological detention tank 12, and the left side is connected with the front end of the fourth canal 33. A first seepage observation well 9 is arranged at the bottom of one side of the first biological retention pond 7, a perforated drain pipe 24 of the first biological retention pond 7 is connected into a rectangular channel of the first seepage observation well 9, a fourth flowmeter 10 is installed on the rectangular channel of the first seepage observation well 9 and is used for monitoring seepage flow of the first biological retention pond 7, and the height of a drain outlet of the perforated drain pipe 24 is 30cm higher than that of the bottom of the rectangular channel in the first seepage observation well 9 so as to collect water and measure seepage flow; a second seepage observation well 14 is arranged at the bottom of one side of the second biological retention pond 12, a perforated drain pipe 24 of the second biological retention pond 12 is connected into a rectangular channel of the second seepage observation well 14, a fifth flowmeter 15 is installed on the rectangular channel of the second seepage observation well 14 and is used for monitoring seepage flow of the second biological retention pond 12, and the height of a drain outlet of the perforated drain pipe 24 is 30cm higher than that of the bottom of the rectangular channel in the second seepage observation well 14 so as to collect water and measure seepage flow; the first biological retention tank inflow control gate 27 is positioned at the joint of the water distribution tank 31 and the second canal 8 of the first biological retention tank; the second canal inflow control gate 25 is positioned at the front end of the second canal 8 and is positioned flush with the front end of the first bioretention pond; the second biological retention tank inflow control gate 26 is arranged at the tail part of the water distribution tank 32 of the second biological retention tank and controls the runoff of rainwater to enter the second biological retention tank 12; a fourth canal inflow control gate 30 is installed at the junction of the fourth canal 33 and the water distribution tank 32 of the second bioretention tank. The ground elevation of the first bioretention pond 7 is higher than that of the second bioretention pond 12, so that runoff can smoothly enter the second bioretention pond 12 from the first bioretention pond 7 by virtue of elevation difference to form a step-distributed bioretention pond group.
Referring to fig. 3, the first bioretention pond 7 is composed of an aquifer 17, a bark cover layer 18, a planting soil layer 19, a charcoal layer 20, a stone chip layer 21, a gravel drainage layer 22, a perforated drainage pipe 24 and an impermeable membrane 23 from top to bottom respectively; the height of the water outlet of the perforated water outlet pipe 24 of the first bioretention pond 7 can be set to different heights, forming submerged areas with different heights; a first soil moisture sensor 36 is installed at the middle part of the gravel drainage layer 22 of the first bioretention pond 7; the second soil moisture sensor 37 is installed at the middle of the stone chip layer 21 of the first bioretention pond 7; the third soil moisture sensor 38 is installed in the middle of the planting soil layer 19 of the first bioretention pond 7. In this embodiment, the first bioretention pond has a length of 6.35m, a width of 1.3m, a water storage layer height of 130mm, a bark covering layer thickness of 50mm, a planting soil layer thickness of 210mm, a charcoal layer of 40mm, a permeable geotextile of 3mm, a stone chip layer of 300mm, a gravel drainage layer of 250mm, and an impermeable film of 1 mm.
Referring to fig. 4, the second bioretention pond 12 is composed of an aquifer 17, a bark cover 18, a planting soil layer 19, a charcoal layer 20, a stone chip layer 21, a gravel drainage layer 22 and a perforated drainage pipe 24 from top to bottom; a second flowmeter 11 is arranged at the tail end of the second ditch 8 and used for monitoring the overflow flow of the first biological retention tank 7; a fourth soil moisture sensor 39 is installed at the middle of the gravel drainage layer 22 of the second bioretention pond 12; the fifth soil moisture sensor 40 is installed at the middle of the stone chip layer 21 of the second bioretention pond 12; the sixth soil moisture sensor 41 is installed at the middle of the planting soil layer 19 of the second bioretention pond 12. In this embodiment, the second bioretention pond is 6.35m long, 1.3m wide, and the reservoir height is 130mm, and the bark cover layer is 50mm thick, and planting soil layer is 210mm thick, and the charcoal layer is 40mm, and the geotechnological cloth that permeates water is 3mm thick, and the stone chip layer is 300mm, and the gravel drainage layer is 250 mm.
The system can monitor the control effect of the simulated road rainfall runoff and can also monitor the control effect of the actual road rainfall runoff. Taking monitoring of the effect of the first bioretention pond on the control of the rainwater runoff of the simulated road as an example, the method comprises the following implementation steps:
step S1: firstly, calculating the road rainwater runoff in the rainfall recurrence period and the rainfall duration. And calculating the rainfall recurrence period and the road rainwater runoff under the rainfall duration according to the rainfall recurrence period by combining a rainfall intensity formula of the researched area, the service area of the bioretention pond, a rainwater runoff flow formula, a runoff coefficient, the rainfall recurrence period and the rainfall duration. The area of the first biological retention pond 7 in the road rainwater runoff control system is 8.255m2The service area is 103.19m2The runoff coefficient was 0.9. Then calculating the inflow runoff volume of 4.93m according to a rainstorm intensity formula, a rainwater runoff volume formula, a runoff coefficient of 0.9, a rainfall recurrence period of 1 year and a rainfall duration of 1 hour in Guangzhou city3。
Step S2: and after the rainwater runoff is determined, preparing a pollutant solution. The inflow runoff amount calculated according to step S1 was 4.93m3Thus, 5m of water is injected into the water tower 1345g of ammonium sulfate, 20g of peptone, 510g of white granulated sugar, 1025g of starch, 13g of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 1500g of kaolin, 10g of copper sulfate, 45g of zinc sulfate and 210g of calcium ammonium nitrate are added into the tap water, and the mixture is uniformly stirred to prepare the pollutant solution for simulating the runoff of the rainwater on the road.
Step S3: the open and close states of the second canal inflow control gate 25, the first bioretention pond inflow control gate 27, the second bioretention pond inflow control gate 26 and the fourth canal inflow control gate 30 are set. Because only the rainwater runoff control effect of the first bioretention pond is monitored, the first bioretention pond inflow control gate 27 is opened, the second ditch inflow control gate 25 is closed, rainwater is enabled to flow through the water distribution pond 31 of the first bioretention pond to enter the first bioretention pond 7, meanwhile, the second bioretention pond inflow control gate 26 is closed, the fourth ditch inflow control gate 30 is opened, and the overflow of the first bioretention pond is enabled to flow through the first bioretention pond overflow collection channel 28, the end section of the second ditch 8, the second flow meter 11, the water distribution pond 32 of the second bioretention pond and the fourth ditch 33 to be discharged.
Step S4: and (4) regulating runoff according to the rainwater runoff quantity calculated in the step S1 by using the water outlet regulating valve 3 on the water pump 2, and simultaneously, electrically starting the first flow meter 6, the second flow meter 11, the first soil moisture sensor 36, the second soil moisture sensor 37 and the third soil moisture sensor 38.
Step S5: and carrying out rainwater runoff inflow sampling, overflow sampling and seepage sampling. When the water pump 2 starts to start and runoff passes through the first flowmeter 6, rainwater runoff inflow sampling is carried out; when overflow or seepage occurs, carrying out overflow sampling and seepage sampling; sampling every 5 minutes within 20 minutes from the beginning of sampling to the beginning of sampling, and sampling every 10 minutes after 20 minutes from the beginning of sampling to the end of runoff inflow or overflow or seepage; the container used for sampling the rainwater runoff is a wide-mouth plastic bottle with the volume of 2500ml, and the water intake is 2000 ml. The rainwater inflow sampling position of the first bioretention pond 7 is behind the first flowmeter 6, the overflow sampling position of the first bioretention pond 7 is behind the second flowmeter 11, and the seepage sampling position of the first bioretention pond 7 is behind the fourth flowmeter 10.
Step S6: and after sampling is finished, performing water quality detection and analysis on the water sample, wherein the water quality analysis indexes comprise ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, total copper and total zinc.
Step S7: after the water quality analysis is finished, according to the flow monitoring result and the water sample water quality analysis result, the rainwater runoff control effect evaluation of the bioretention pond is carried out, and the indexes of the rainwater runoff control effect evaluation comprise runoff reduction rate, seepage drainage rate, overflow rate, runoff pollutant reduction rate and seepage pollutant reduction rate. The radial flow reduction rate calculation formula is shown as formula (1); the seepage drainage rate calculation formula is shown as the formula (2); the overflow rate calculation formula is shown as the formula (3); the runoff pollutant reduction rate calculation formula is shown as a formula (4); the seepage pollutant reduction rate calculation formula is shown as the formula (5).
In the formulae (1) to (5), RDiameter of a pipeAs the reduction rate (%) of the radial flow rate, VIntoFor accumulating the inflow water (L), VOverflowIs the accumulated overflow water volume (L), VOozing outTo accumulate the seepage water (L), ROozing outAs seepage drainage (%), ROverflowAs the overflow (%), RC, diameterThe reduction rate (%) of runoff pollutants, t1End time of runoff inflow (min), Qi, inIs the inflow rate (L/min), C in a certain periodi, inIs the influent contaminant concentration (mg/L), t, over a certain period of time2For end time of overflow (min), Qi, overflowIs the overflow flow (L/min), C in a certain periodi, overflowIs the concentration of overflow contaminants (mg/L), R, over a certain period of timeC, infiltration ofFor the reduction rate of seepage pollutants, t3The end time (min) of seepage, Qi, oozingIs the seepage flow (L/min), C in a certain periodi, oozingIs the concentration of the seepage contaminant (mg/L) over a certain period of time.
Calculating according to runoff, overflow and seepage flow monitoring results, water sample water quality detection and analysis results and combined formulas (1) to (5), wherein the first bioretention pond is used for recording the rainfall at 1 hour and 103.19m in the 1-year-one-chance reappearance period2Under the service area, the runoff volume reduction rate is 57%, the seepage drainage rate is 23%, the overflow rate is 43%, and the runoff pollutant reduction rate is: 58% of total phosphorus, 63% of total nitrogen, 68% of nitrate nitrogen, 44% of chemical oxygen demand, 51% of ammonia nitrogen, 60% of total copper and 57% of total zinc, and the reduction rate of seepage pollutants is as follows: 83% of total phosphorus, 62% of total nitrogen, 67% of nitrate nitrogen, 53% of chemical oxygen demand, 61% of ammonia nitrogen, 83% of total copper and 94% of total zinc. In the test process, the water content of the soil in the planting soil layer is increased from 33.3% to 46.4%, and then is gradually reduced; the soil moisture content of the stone chip layer is increased from 15.7% to 19.8%, and then is gradually reduced; the soil moisture content of the gravel layer increased from 38.5% to 43.8% and then decreased gradually.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any equivalent alterations, modifications or improvements made by those skilled in the art to the above-described embodiments using the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A system for road rainwater runoff control is characterized by comprising a first canal (5), a second canal (8), a third canal (13), a fourth canal (33), a first bioretention pond (7), a second bioretention pond (12), a first flow meter (6), a second flow meter (11), a third flow meter (16), a water distribution pond (31) of the first bioretention pond, a first bioretention pond overflow collection canal (28), a water distribution pond (32) of the second bioretention pond and a second bioretention pond overflow collection canal (29); along the flow direction of the rainwater runoff, the front end of the first ditch (5) is connected with the road surface, the rear end of the first ditch is connected with the first flowmeter (6), and the rainwater runoff of the road enters the system from the first ditch (5); the front end of the second water channel (8) is connected with the first flowmeter (6), the rear end of the second water channel is connected with the second flowmeter (11), the second water channel (8) and the first biological retention pool (7) are distributed in parallel, and a first biological retention pool overflow collecting channel (28) positioned at the tail end of the first biological retention pool (7) is connected with the tail end of the second water channel (8); the front end of the third water channel (13) is connected with a second bioretention pond overflow collecting pond (29) positioned at the tail end of the second bioretention pond (12), and the tail end of the third water channel (13) is connected with a third flow meter (16); the front end of the fourth ditch (33) is connected with a water distribution pool (32) of the second biological detention pool, and the tail end of the fourth ditch (33) freely flows out; the water distribution tank (31) of the first biological retention tank is connected with the first biological retention tank (7) and is also connected with the first flowmeter (6); the front end of a water distribution pool (32) of the second biological retention pool is connected with a second flowmeter (11), and the tail end of the water distribution pool is respectively connected with the second biological retention pool (12) and a fourth canal (33); the first bioretention tank (7) is higher in elevation than the second bioretention tank (12); the system also comprises a water tower (1), a water pump (2) and a water outlet regulating valve (3), wherein the water pump (2) is respectively connected with the water tower (1) and the first water channel (5) through a connecting pipe (4), and the water outlet of the water pump (2) is provided with the water outlet regulating valve (3); the system further comprises a plurality of inflow control gates, a second canal inflow control gate (25) is positioned at the front end of the second canal (8) and is positioned flush with the front end of the first bioretention pond (7); the first bioretention pond inflow control gate (27) is positioned at the front end of a water distribution pond (31) of the first bioretention pond, and the second bioretention pond inflow control gate (26) is arranged at the front end of the second bioretention pond (12) and is used for controlling the runoff of rainwater to enter the second bioretention pond (12); a fourth canal inflow control gate (30) is arranged at the joint of the fourth canal (33) and a water distribution pool (32) of the second biological retention pool; be first biological detention pond overflow bank (34) between first biological detention pond (7) and first biological detention pond overflow collection canal (28), overflow in first biological detention pond (7) gets into first biological detention pond overflow collection canal (28) after through first biological detention pond overflow bank (34), be second biological detention pond overflow bank (35) between second biological detention pond (12) and second biological detention pond overflow collection canal (29), overflow in second biological detention pond (7) gets into second biological detention pond overflow collection canal (29) behind second biological detention pond overflow bank (35).
2. System for road stormwater runoff control according to claim 1, wherein the second bioretention tank (12) comprises from top to bottom an aquifer (17), a bark cover (18), a planting soil layer (19), a biochar layer (20), a permeable geotextile, a stone chip layer (21), a permeable geotextile and a gravel drainage layer (22), and further comprises a perforated drainage pipe (24) in the gravel drainage layer (22), or the positions of the two layers of the planting soil layer (19) and the biochar layer (20) in the second bioretention tank (12) are exchanged, or the planting soil layer (19) and the biochar layer (20) in the second bioretention tank (12) are replaced by a mixed layer consisting of a mixture of fillers in both the biochar layer (20) and the planting soil layer (19); the first bioretention pond (7) has the same structure of the second bioretention pond (12), and the first bioretention pond (7) further comprises an impermeable membrane (23), and the impermeable membrane (23) is positioned below the gravel drainage layer (22), and a submerged area is formed between the drainage port of the perforated drainage pipe (24) and the impermeable membrane (23); soil moisture sensors are arranged in planting soil layers (19), stone chip layers (21) and gravel drainage layers (22) of the first biological retention pond (7) and the second biological retention pond (12), and the soil moisture sensors are contact sensors.
3. A system for road stormwater runoff control according to claim 2, wherein a first seepage observation well (9) is arranged at the bottom of one side of the first bioretention pond (7), the perforated drain pipe (24) of the first bioretention pond (7) is connected into the rectangular channel of the first seepage observation well (9), and the fourth flowmeter (10) is installed on the rectangular channel of the first seepage observation well (9); a second seepage observation well (14) is arranged at the bottom of one side of the second biological retention pond (12), a perforated drainage pipe (24) of the second biological retention pond (12) is connected into a rectangular channel of the second seepage observation well (14), and a fifth flowmeter (15) is arranged on the rectangular channel of the second seepage observation well (14).
4. A method of performance monitoring using the system of claim 3, wherein: the effect monitoring is the rainwater runoff monitoring of a simulated road or the rainwater runoff monitoring of an actual road, and the method comprises the following steps when the rainwater runoff monitoring of the simulated road is carried out:
step S1: calculating the road rainwater runoff in the rainfall recurrence period and the rainfall duration;
step S2: preparing a pollutant solution according to the actual concentration condition of the rainwater runoff pollutants of the road, and placing the pollutant solution in a water tower (1);
step S3: setting the opening and closing states of a second channel inflow control gate (25), a first bioretention pool inflow control gate (27), a second bioretention pool inflow control gate (26) and a fourth canal inflow control gate (30);
step S4: the water outlet regulating valve of the water pump is regulated to enable the water pump (2) to discharge water according to the rainwater runoff obtained in the step S1, and meanwhile, all the flow meters and the soil moisture sensors are started by being electrified;
step S5: carrying out rainwater runoff inflow sampling, overflow sampling and seepage sampling;
step S6: performing water quality detection and analysis on the water sample;
step S7: evaluating the rainwater runoff control effect of the bioretention pond;
the method comprises the following steps when monitoring the actual road rainwater runoff:
step S1: setting the opening and closing states of a second channel inflow control gate (25), a first bioretention pool inflow control gate (27), a second bioretention pool inflow control gate (26) and a fourth canal inflow control gate (30);
step S2: rainwater runoff on the road surface is led into the system through a first ditch (5), and all the flowmeters and the soil moisture sensors are started by power connection;
step S3: carrying out rainwater runoff inflow sampling, overflow sampling and seepage sampling;
step S4: performing water quality detection and analysis on the water sample;
step S5: and (4) evaluating the rainwater runoff control effect of the bioretention pond.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: in step S2, when monitoring the simulated road rainfall runoff, the road rainfall runoff pollutants include ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total copper and total zinc, and a rainfall runoff pollutant solution is prepared by using ammonium sulfate, peptone, white granulated sugar, starch, disodium hydrogen phosphate, kaolin, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and calcium ammonium nitrate.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising: in step S3 when the simulated road rainwater runoff monitoring is carried out or step S1 when the actual road rainwater runoff monitoring is carried out, when only the runoff control effect of the first biological retention pond (7) is monitored, the first biological retention pond inflow control gate (27) is opened, the second canal inflow control gate (25) is closed, rainwater is enabled to flow through the water distribution pond (31) of the first biological retention pond to enter the first biological retention pond (7), meanwhile, the second biological retention pond inflow control gate (26) is closed, the fourth canal inflow control gate (30) is opened, and overflow from the first biological retention pond (7) is drained from the fourth drainage channel (33); when the runoff control effect of the second biological retention pond (12) is monitored, the first biological retention pond inflow control gate (27) is closed, the second canal inflow control gate (25) is opened, rainwater runoff flows through the second canal (8) and the second flow meter (11) to flow into the water distribution pond (32) of the second biological retention pond, meanwhile, the second biological retention pond inflow control gate (26) is opened, and the fourth canal inflow control gate (30) is closed, so that rainwater runoff in the water distribution pond (32) of the second biological retention pond only flows into the second biological retention pond (12); when monitoring the effect of the simultaneous action of the first bioretention pond (7) and the second bioretention pond (12), the first bioretention pond inflow control gate (27) and the second bioretention pond inflow control gate (26) are opened, and the second canal inflow control gate (25) and the fourth canal inflow control gate (30) are closed, at which time rainwater flows into the first bioretention pond (7) through the water distribution pond (31) of the first bioretention pond in a runoff flow manner, and after the first bioretention pond (7) generates overflow, the overflow flows into the water distribution pond (32) of the second bioretention pond through the first bioretention pond overflow collection channel (28), the end of the second canal (8) and the second flow meter (11), and then the overflow in the water distribution pond (32) of the second bioretention pond enters the second bioretention pond (12).
7. The method of claim 5, further comprising: in step S5 when the rainwater runoff monitoring of the simulated road is carried out or step S3 when the rainwater runoff monitoring of the actual road is carried out, the sampling water intake of the rainwater runoff is 2000 ml; the rainwater inflow sampling position of the first biological retention tank (7) is positioned behind the first flowmeter (6), the overflow sampling position of the first biological retention tank (7) is positioned behind the second flowmeter (11), and the seepage sampling position of the first biological retention tank (7) is positioned behind the fourth flowmeter (10); the overflow sampling position of the second biological retention tank (12) is positioned behind the third flow meter (16), the seepage sampling position of the second biological retention tank (12) is positioned behind the fifth flow meter (15), and the inflow of the second biological retention tank (12), namely the overflow of the first biological retention tank (7) or the inflow of the outflow from the first flow meter (6), is formed.
8. The method of claim 5, further comprising: in step S7 when the rainwater runoff monitoring of the simulated road is performed or in step S5 when the rainwater runoff monitoring of the simulated road is performed, the evaluation indexes of the rainwater runoff control effect of the bioretention pond include runoff reduction rate, seepage drainage rate, overflow rate, runoff pollutant reduction rate and seepage pollutant reduction rate.
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| CN113376077B (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-09 | 昆山市建设工程质量检测中心 | On-site actual measurement device and method for evaluating performance of biological retention facility sponge |
| CN114246023A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-29 | 南京信息工程大学 | Method for improving planting soil of bioretention pond by using sludge biochar |
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