CN107402041A - It is a kind of to be used to detect the experimental rig that biology is detained facility operation efficiency - Google Patents
It is a kind of to be used to detect the experimental rig that biology is detained facility operation efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- CN107402041A CN107402041A CN201710818588.5A CN201710818588A CN107402041A CN 107402041 A CN107402041 A CN 107402041A CN 201710818588 A CN201710818588 A CN 201710818588A CN 107402041 A CN107402041 A CN 107402041A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of experimental rig for being used to detect biology delay facility operation efficiency, including rainwater-collecting bucket, water-carriage system, flow monitoring system, biology to be detained bucket, gas permeability measurement component and electric expansion awning；Rainwater in rainwater-collecting bucket is detained simulated rainfall in bucket by water-carriage system conveying spray in biology；Gas permeability measurement component is used for during simulated rainfall the infiltration coefficient for calculating filter layer medium；Flow monitoring system is used to record the amount of rainfall that biology is detained bucket disengaging；Electric expansion awning is arranged on biology and is detained above bucket, and can block natural rain by its stretching is detained in bucket into biology.Apparatus of the present invention cost is cheap, it is simple to operate, data are reliable, it is and convenient to gather, it is repeatable to utilize, the hydrology-water quality effect of biological delaying basin when different rain types, different filling mixture ratios, different floristics can be simulated, related basic research is significant for promoting sponge urban construction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sponge urban construction technical field, and in particular to one kind is used to detect biology delay facility operation effect
The experimental rig of energy.
Background technology
Sponge city, is new generation of city storm water man- agement concept, and it follows the principles such as Ecology Precedence, by natural way and people
Work measure is combined, and on the premise of municipal drainage prevention waterlogging safety is ensured, realizes product of the rainwater in urban area to greatest extent
Deposit, permeate and purify, promote the utilization and ecological environmental protection of rainwater resource.It is not to make a new start to build " sponge city ",
Substitute traditional drainage system, but one kind " Reduction of Students' Study Load " and supplement to conventional drainage systems, farthest play city sheet
The effect of body, water suction when raining, water storage, infiltration, water purification, it is necessary to when by the water stored " release " and be used.
Biological delaying basin be it is a kind of be located at the relatively low region of physical features, stored by plant, soil and microflora and ooze, purify
The facility of runoff rainwater, it is a crucial technology in sponge urban construction.China for biological delaying basin research starting compared with
Evening, existing biological delaying basin experimental rig have ground type as the underground type and experiment bucket, chamber of simulating actual conditions
Deng, but function is all relatively single, underground type can not observe the growing state and pool inner water position situation of root system of plant, and flow
The installation inconvenience of the monitoring devices such as gauge, interference of the actual catchment to experiment can not be excluded by simulating rain making in addition.
In November, 2014, the firmly portion's of building issue《Sponge urban construction technical manual》, it is pointed out that the hydrology, waterpower can be used
Calculate with successively being decomposed to annual flow overall control the methods of modeling, substep is analyzed, but biology is detained facility feelings
Condition is complex, it is necessary to which actual test data checking modeling and the correctness of calculating, continue to optimize model, same to duration
The data accumulation of phase is also the specified offer more fully foundation of urban planning.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome problem above existing for prior art, there is provided one kind is set for detecting biology delay
The experimental rig of Operating ettectiveness is applied, the present invention is simple to operate, and data are reliable, and convenient collection, repeats and utilizes, can simulate
The hydrology-water quality effect of biological delaying basin, related when different rain types, different filling mixture ratios, different floristics
Basic research is significant for promoting sponge urban construction.
To realize above-mentioned technical purpose and the technique effect, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
It is a kind of to be used to detect the experimental rig that biology is detained facility operation efficiency, including rainwater-collecting bucket, water-carriage system, stream
Measure monitoring system, biology is detained bucket, gas permeability measurement component and electric expansion awning；
The rainwater-collecting bucket is placed on the ground of building downpipe side, the water inlet of the rainwater-collecting bucket with
Building downpipe connects, and the water side of the rainwater-collecting bucket is connected with water-carriage system, also set up on the rainwater-collecting bucket
There is intake；
The water-carriage system includes water delivery house steward and flow controller, and the water delivery house steward passes through water pump and rainwater-collecting bucket
Water side connection, be additionally provided with some delivery pipe branches on the water delivery house steward, be provided with and automatically control on the delivery pipe branch
Valve and shower nozzle, the autocontrol valve are adjusted by flow controller and are opened and closed；
The biology is detained bucket and is arranged on below shower nozzle, and the biology, which is detained in bucket, is provided with filler, is planted on the filler
There is plant and be provided with plant growth sight gauge, the biology, which is detained on bucket, is provided with delivery port, overfall and some sample taps, institute
The delivery port for stating biology delay bucket is connected with outer row water pipe, and the overfall that the biology is detained bucket is connected with overflow pipe, overflow
Steel wire screen pack is provided with mouthful, U-tube is provided with the outer row water pipe and overflow pipe, the U-tube is stagnant positioned at biology
The end set of barrel side is stayed highly to be less than the end set height that U-tube is detained bucket side away from biology, the sample tap tool
There is opening and closing function, the flow monitoring system includes feed water flow gauge, water flow meter, excess flow meter and flow registering instrument,
The feed water flow gauge is arranged on delivery pipe branch, and the water flow meter is arranged on outer row water pipe, and is located at delivery port
Between U-tube, the excess flow meter is arranged on overflow pipe, and between overfall and U-tube, the flow of inlet water
Meter, water flow meter and excess flow meter are connected with flow registering instrument；
The gas permeability measurement component includes pressure-measuring pipe and installing plate, and described pressure-measuring pipe one end penetrates biology and is detained bucket simultaneously
It is arranged in filler, the installing plate is fixedly installed on the side that biology is detained bucket.
The electric expansion rain cover is arranged on biology and is detained above bucket.
Further, it is transparent plastics material that the biology, which is detained bucket, and the biology, which is detained on bucket outer surface, to be also wrapped on
Black spongy layer.
Further, the filler is divided into filter layer, transition zone, water conservation layer and drainage blanket, the life from top to bottom
The sample tap that thing is detained bucket is arranged on filter layer and the bucket wall of water conservation layer side, and respectively close to the bottom of filter layer and water conservation layer
Portion is set, and the delivery port that the biology is detained bucket is arranged on the bucket wall of transition zone side, and perforation is provided with the drainage blanket
Drainpipe, described perforated drain pipe one end are connected with backwash tube, and the backwash tube sequentially passes through drainage blanket, water conservation layer, mistake
Cross layer and filter layer and protrude from the biology and be detained at the top of bucket, the perforated drain pipe other end is connected with soil stack, institute
Soil stack is stated to be connected with delivery port through drainage blanket and water conservation layer.
Further, the filler is divided into filter layer, transition zone and drainage blanket from top to bottom, and the biology is detained bucket
Sample tap be arranged on the bucket wall of filter layer side, and close to filter layer bottom set, it is described biology be detained bucket water outlet
Mouthful be arranged on the bucket wall of drainage blanket side, be provided with perforated drain pipe in the drainage blanket, described perforated drain pipe one end with
Backwash tube connects, and the backwash tube, which sequentially passes through drainage blanket, transition zone and filter layer and protrudes from the biology, is detained bucket
Top, the perforated drain pipe other end are connected with delivery port.
Further, delay height is provided between the overfall and filter layer.
Further, the quantity of the pressure-measuring pipe be 3, three pressure-measuring pipes set gradually from top to bottom and one end all
It is arranged in filter layer, the spacing between adjacent pressure-measuring pipe is equal, and the pressure-measuring pipe is fixedly installed on a mounting board, pressure-measuring pipe
The setting height of the other end is more than the setting height of overfall, and scale strip is additionally provided with the installing plate.
Further, the motor of the electric expansion awning is connected with rainwater inductive switch.
Its test method comprises the following steps：
Step 1) selects corresponding storm recurrence period and rainfall duration, it is determined that simulation according to local Rain Intensity Formula Based
The rainfall intensity and quantum of rainfall of rainfall；
Feed water flow gauge, water flow meter, the flow reading of excess flow meter under step 2) record original state, are recorded as
Q1, Q2, Q3, and feed water flow gauge, water flow meter, excess flow meter are connected with flow registering instrument, flow registering instrument is real-time
Gathered data, flow controller adjust flow by adjusting the autocontrol valve on delivery pipe branch, determine working time, rainfall
Start；
After step 3) rainfall terminates, record feed water flow gauge, water flow meter, the flow reading of excess flow meter, record
For Q11, Q22, Q33；
Quantum of rainfall, rainfall in step 4) record rainfall terminate after go out to flow total amount and rainfall terminate after overflow
Total amount is flowed, Q1 ', Q2 ', Q3 ' is recorded as respectively, quantum of rainfall Q1 '=(Q11-Q1), goes out to flow total amount Q2 '=(Q22-Q2), overflow
Total amount Q3 '=(Q33-Q3)；
Step 5) reads rainfall from flow registering instrument and goes out the curve that stream changes over time, and computer is accessed, according to curve
Can directly read out flow delay time t1, flood peak time delay t2, runoff volume reduction rate=(Q1 '-Q2 '-Q3 ')/(Q1 '-
Q3 ') × 100% and flood peak reduction rate=(q1-q2)/q1, wherein q1 be the Peak Flow Rate in rainfall, q2 is to flow through
Peak Flow Rate in journey.
Further, after rainfall terminates in step 3), treat that biology is detained in bucket between surface level and filtering layer surface
The reading of three pressure-measuring pipes is recorded when spacing is 10cm, h1, h2, h3 is recorded as and goes out flow velocity q, the infiltration coefficient of filter layer
K=qL/Ah, wherein q be flow velocity, L is adjacent pressure measurement tube pitch, A is that biology is detained bucket surface area and h=[(h1-h2)
+(h2-h3)]/2。
Further, the intake in rainwater-collecting bucket is fetched water and detects to obtain contaminants associated concentration in original rainwater and refers to
Mark, contaminants associated concentration refers in then being fetched water at the water outlet port of outside drainpipe and detecting the rainwater after being purified
Mark, going for each pollutant is calculated by contaminants associated concentration in contaminants associated concentration in original rainwater and the rainwater after purification
Except rate.The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1st, this experimental rig prepares biology delay bucket, outside black sponge wrapping, simulation ground using transparent plastic material
The environment of lower lucifuge, the growing state of observation of plant root system can be torn at any time；Barrel side face installation pressure-measuring pipe is tested, can long term monitoring
The situation of change of the infiltration coefficient of filter layer medium.
2nd, biology is detained installation induction type awning above bucket, and simulated rainfall shower nozzle be located at awning lower section, rain during natural rainfall
Canopy is pulled on automatically, is packed up automatically after not raining for a period of time, receives illumination without prejudice to plant, also ensure that simulated rain trails is complete
It is complete controllable, do not influenceed by external condition, practical, intelligent effect is good, and be particularly suitable for use in the rainy south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
3rd, simulated rain trails is the rain water on roof collected with water, can be toward in rainwater-collecting bucket if do not rained for a long time
Running water is supplemented, and according to the rainfall runoff water quality test preparation water of actual measurement；Experiment is set not limited by natural conditions, and can be with
According to the Runoff test preparation water on the different road surfaces of actual measurement, study biology and be detained place of the bucket to different type runoff pollution
Manage effect.
4th, the enterprising water flow data of flowmeter can be directly read, and its data changed over time is uploaded to discharge record
Instrument, computer is then inputted, convenient further processing and application, can also be directly read, it is intuitive and reliable, it is easy to operate.
5th, it is provided with one section of U-tube on the outer row water pipe of delivery port and the overflow pipe of overfall, it is ensured that go out
Water is full-section pipe-flow, and meter readings are more accurate；Water outlet can utilize the pneumatosis effect of U-tube elbow simultaneously, at U-tube
A large amount of loss of flood peakes are caused, make the discharge pressure of outlet pipe reduce, reduced velocity flow, in this case, biology are detained in bucket
Moisture content will be higher, can reach very high for the utilization rate in staving space；Steel wire screen pack, anti-falling stop are provided with overfall
The debris such as leaf, which enter overflow blockage pipeline, makes overflow tube failure.
6th, biology delay barrel side wall is provided with some sample taps, can be in corresponding construction layer for the feature of its filler layering
Water sample detection effects of purification quality is taken out in bottom, analyzes removal of each layer to the contribution margin and pollutant of pollutant removal
Journey；It is also possible to take each layer filler to carry out microbiological analysis in sample tap, and then study the cutting mechanisms of pollutant.
Described above is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to better understand the technological means of the present invention,
And can be practiced according to the content of specification, below with presently preferred embodiments of the present invention and coordinate accompanying drawing describe in detail as after.
The embodiment of the present invention is shown in detail by following examples and its accompanying drawing.
Brief description of the drawings
Technical scheme in technology in order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, in being described below to embodiment technology
The required accompanying drawing used is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some realities of the present invention
Example is applied, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can also be according to these accompanying drawings
Obtain other accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the dimensional structure diagram of an embodiment；
Fig. 2 is U-tube part-structure view；
Fig. 3 is that the biology with water conservation layer is detained barrel structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the biology delay barrel structure schematic diagram without water conservation layer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Shown in reference picture 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of experimental rig for being used to detect biology delay facility operation efficiency of the invention
One embodiment, including rainwater-collecting bucket 1, water-carriage system 2, flow monitoring system, biology are detained bucket 3, gas permeability measurement component 4
With electric expansion awning；Rainwater-collecting bucket collects rainwater by building roof and downpipe, farthest reduction and simulation
Rainwater situation in actual environment；Rainwater in rainwater-collecting bucket is detained in bucket by water-carriage system conveying spray in biology simulates
Rainfall, the flow of simulated rainfall is adjusted by flow controller；Gas permeability measurement component is used to obtain during simulated rainfall
To the infiltration coefficient of filter layer medium；Flow monitoring system is used to record the amount of rainfall that biology is detained bucket disengaging；Electric expansion rain
Canopy is arranged on biology and is detained above bucket, and can block natural rain by its stretching is detained in bucket into biology, ensures round-the-clock
The reliability and accuracy of experiment, the motor of electric expansion awning are connected with rainwater inductive switch, automatically controlled, without artificial behaviour
Make, intelligent effect is good.
Above-mentioned rainwater-collecting bucket is placed on the ground of building downpipe side, the water inlet and building of rainwater-collecting bucket
Thing downpipe connects, and after being fallen under rainwater on the roof of building, can be flowed into from building downpipe in rainwater-collecting bucket, rainwater
The water side of collecting vessel is connected with water-carriage system, and intake is additionally provided with rainwater-collecting bucket, is easy to water intaking to chemically examine；
Wherein, water-carriage system includes water delivery house steward 21 and flow controller, and water delivery house steward passes through water pump 22 and rainwater-collecting
The water side of bucket connects, and is additionally provided with some delivery pipe branches 23 on water delivery house steward, autocontrol valve is provided with delivery pipe branch
32 and shower nozzle 24；Shower nozzle is arranged on biology and is detained above bucket, and flow controller is by adjusting the autocontrol valve on delivery pipe branch
Door adjustment flow of inlet water size, reaches the effect that simulated rainfall and water catchment area runoff import from rainfall；Biology is detained in bucket
Filler is provided with, kind has plant and is provided with plant growth sight gauge on filler, is easy to record plant growth situation in real time, and biology is stagnant
Stay and delivery port, overfall and some sample taps 31 are provided with bucket, delivery port can discharge the rainwater after purification, overfall energy
The rainwater discharge oozed under enough having little time, the delivery port that biology is detained bucket are connected with outer row water pipe 11, and biology delay bucket overflows
Head piece is connected with overflow pipe 12, and in the case where rainfall intensity is excessive, rainwater oozes under having little time, therefore overflow pipe can be by excess
Rainwater is drained, and is avoided excessive rainfall from being detained barrel edge from biology and is overflowed, influences the accuracy of result of the test；It is provided with overfall
Steel wire screen pack, prevent the debris such as fallen leaves from entering overflow blockage pipeline and making overflow tube failure；Sample tap has opening and closing function, day
Often it is closed during work, opens during sampling.
U-tube 13 is provided with outer row water pipe and overflow pipe, the end set that U-tube is detained bucket side positioned at biology is high
Degree is less than the end set height that U-tube is detained bucket side away from biology, and U-tube can ensure that water outlet is full-section pipe-flow, make flow
It is more accurate to count reading；Water outlet can utilize the pneumatosis effect of U-tube elbow simultaneously, cause a large amount of heads to damage at U-tube
Losing, make the discharge pressure of outlet pipe reduce, reduced velocity flow, in this case, the moisture content that biology is detained in bucket will be higher,
It can reach very high for the utilization rate in staving space.
Flow monitoring system includes feed water flow gauge 51, water flow meter 52, excess flow meter 53 and flow registering instrument, enters
Water ga(u)ge is arranged on delivery pipe branch, to monitor the water for flowing into biology through delivery pipe branch and being detained bucket, water flow meter in real time
It is arranged on outer row water pipe, and between delivery port and U-tube, to monitor the water from the outflow of outer row water pipe in real time,
Excess flow meter is arranged on overflow pipe, and between overfall and U-tube, to monitor the water from overflow pipe outflow in real time
Amount, feed water flow gauge, water flow meter and excess flow meter are connected with flow registering instrument, and flow registering instrument can be by flowmeter
Monitoring Data collects, and then inputs computer, convenient record and the data processing in later stage；
Above-mentioned gas permeability measurement component includes pressure-measuring pipe 41 and installing plate 42, and pressure-measuring pipe one end penetrates biology and is detained bucket
And be arranged in filler, installing plate is fixedly installed on the side that biology is detained bucket, by recording pressure-measuring pipe in rainfall
Liquid level data and go out flow velocity, the infiltration coefficient of filter layer medium can be calculated.
Wherein, it is transparent plastics material that biology, which is detained bucket, can intuitively observe inner stuffing layer status and root system of plant
Growing state, biology, which is detained on bucket outer surface, is also wrapped on black spongy layer, and it is dark to simulate underground while convenient observe
Environment, reduce the interference of the extraneous factors such as illumination.
As shown in figure 3, in one embodiment, filler is divided into filter layer 14, transition zone 15, water conservation layer 16 from top to bottom
With drainage blanket 17, above-mentioned four-layer structure is the packing layer of experiment, and the height of each layer can adjust within the specific limits, each layer
Filler can be needed voluntarily to select to change according to experiment, and the hydrology-water quality data of correlation are obtained eventually through simulated rain trails, on
Stating kind on filter layer has plant；The sample tap 31 that biology is detained bucket is arranged on filter layer and the bucket wall of water conservation layer side, and point
Do not set close to filter layer and water conservation layer bottom, sample tap can distinguish water sampling and a small amount of filler carries out water quality and microorganism point
Analysis, study the process and mechanism of pollutant removal；The delivery port that biology is detained bucket is arranged on the bucket wall of transition zone side, draining
Perforated drain pipe 18 is provided with layer, rainwater can enter into and through perforation after above-mentioned packing layer from the perforation of perforated drain pipe
Drainpipe is discharged, and perforated drain pipe one end is connected with backwash tube 19, and backwash tube sequentially passes through drainage blanket, water conservation layer, transition
Layer and filter layer simultaneously protrude from biology and are detained at the top of bucket, when some impurity or the grains of sand block perforated drain pipe, pass through recoil
Washing pipe can be dredged, and be provided with block at the top of backwash tube, and the leaf etc. that prevents from dropping in perforated drain pipe results in blockage
And secondary pollution problems；The perforated drain pipe other end is connected with soil stack 181, and soil stack passes through drainage blanket and water conservation
Layer is connected with delivery port, and soil stack extends from bottom to top, and rainwater is enabled in perforated drain pipe by rainwater gravity pressure
Can be pressed into soil stack, final discharge, thus part of the rainwater below soil stack drain height be can not by from
Weight pressure venting, the effect for reaching water conservation improves the Regulation capacity that biology is detained bucket.Water conservation layer provides anaerobism
Environment, it is easy to the growth of anaerobe, improves removal effect of the system to nitrogen, while the season of drought can also be for
The moisture needed to plant growth.
As shown in figure 4, in one embodiment, filler is divided into filter layer 14, transition zone 15 and drainage blanket from top to bottom
17, the sample tap 31 that biology is detained bucket is arranged on the bucket wall of filter layer side, and is set close to the bottom of filter layer, sample tap
Water sampling can be distinguished and a small amount of filler carries out water quality and microbiological analysis, study the process and mechanism of pollutant removal；Biology is stagnant
Stay the delivery port of bucket to be arranged on the bucket wall of drainage blanket side, perforated drain pipe 18, perforated drain pipe one are provided with drainage blanket
End is connected with backwash tube 19, and backwash tube sequentially passes through drainage blanket, transition zone and filter layer and protrudes from biological treatment case top
Portion, the perforated drain pipe other end are connected with delivery port, and it is not present water conservation layer, therefore rainwater can be from perforated drain pipe directly to going out
The mouth of a river is discharged, and the biology to simulate without water conservation layer is detained the hydrologic effect and effects of purification quality of facility, and with guarantor
The result of the test that the biology of water layer is detained facility is contrasted.
Delay height is provided between above-mentioned overfall and filter layer, when rainfall is excessive, rainwater oozes under having little time, rain
Water can be trapped in filtering layer surface, and after depth of immersion reaches overfall, rainwater can discharge from overflow pipe, the rainwater being detained herein
Certain depth of water is formed, can so increase the storage capacity that biology is detained in bucket, further improves the effect for the slow row that avoids the peak hour.
The quantity of pressure-measuring pipe is 3, and three pressure-measuring pipes are set gradually from top to bottom and one end is all disposed within filter layer, phase
Spacing between adjacent pressure-measuring pipe is equal, and pressure-measuring pipe is fixedly installed on a mounting board, and the setting of the other end of pressure-measuring pipe is highly more than
The setting of overfall highly, is additionally provided with scale strip on installing plate, facilitates direct reading.
To improve the accuracy of experiment and convincing power, its test method comprises the following steps：
Step 1) selects corresponding storm recurrence period and rainfall duration, it is determined that simulation according to local Rain Intensity Formula Based
The rainfall intensity and quantum of rainfall of rainfall；
Feed water flow gauge, water flow meter, the flow reading of excess flow meter under step 2) record original state, are recorded as
Q1, Q2, Q3, and feed water flow gauge, water flow meter, excess flow meter are connected with flow registering instrument, flow registering instrument is real-time
Gathered data, flow controller adjust flow by adjusting the autocontrol valve on delivery pipe branch, determine working time, rainfall
Start；
After step 3) rainfall terminates, record feed water flow gauge, water flow meter, the flow reading of excess flow meter, record
For Q11, Q22, Q33；
Quantum of rainfall, rainfall in step 4) record rainfall terminate after go out to flow total amount and rainfall terminate after overflow
Total amount is flowed, Q1 ', Q2 ', Q3 ' is recorded as respectively, quantum of rainfall Q1 '=(Q11-Q1), goes out to flow total amount Q2 '=(Q22-Q2), overflow
Total amount Q3 '=(Q33-Q3)；
Step 5) reads rainfall from flow registering instrument and goes out the curve that stream changes over time, and computer is accessed, according to curve
Can directly read out flow delay time t1, flood peak time delay t2, runoff volume reduction rate=(Q1 '-Q2 '-Q3 ')/(Q1 '-
Q3 ') × 100% and flood peak reduction rate=(q1-q2)/q1, wherein q1 be the Peak Flow Rate in rainfall, q2 is to flow through
Peak Flow Rate in journey.
In order to detect infiltration coefficient, after rainfall terminates in step 3), treat that biology is detained surface level and filter layer in bucket
The reading of three pressure-measuring pipes is recorded when spacing between surface is 10cm, h1, h2, h3 is recorded as and goes out to flow flow velocity q, filter layer
Osmotic coefficient k=qL/Ah, wherein q be flow velocity, L is adjacent pressure measurement tube pitch, A is that biology is detained bucket surface area and h
=[(h1-h2)+(h2-h3)]/2.
By the restriction of above-mentioned formula and and collection data record, biology delay can be obtained under corresponding filling-material structure
The relevant parameter of the hydrologic effect of bucket.
In addition, in order to detect effects of purification quality,：Fetched water in the intake of rainwater-collecting bucket and detect to obtain original rainwater
In contaminants associated concentration index, then fetch water at the water outlet port of outside drainpipe and detect in the rainwater after being purified
Contaminants associated concentration index, pass through contaminants associated concentration in contaminants associated concentration in original rainwater and the rainwater after purification
The clearance of each pollutant is calculated, computational methods are as follows：If the initial concentration of certain pollutant index is C1, water outlet dirt after purification
The concentration for contaminating thing is C2, then the clearance of the whole process pollutant=(C1-C2)/C1 × 100%.
In one embodiment, the quantity that biology is detained bucket is 4, and two of which biology is detained bucket and is provided with water conservation layer, in addition two
Individual biology is detained bucket and does not set water conservation layer, to simulate influence of the different filling-material structures to plant growth, sets check experiment to improve
Test accuracy and test efficiency.
It the above embodiments, comprehensively can on the ground complete to test, without carrying out ground excavation, pass through the receipts of rainwater
Collection can also avoid carrying out experiment in the case where not raining, and have great convenience, shorten the test period；It is stagnant in biology
Stay the packing layer in bucket also to replace at any time, it is small to replace difficulty.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments, professional and technical personnel in the field are enable to realize or using the present invention.
A variety of modifications to these embodiments will be apparent for those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, it is of the invention
The embodiments shown herein is not intended to be limited to, and is to fit to and principles disclosed herein and features of novelty phase one
The most wide scope caused.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of be used to detect the experimental rig that biology is detained facility operation efficiency, it is characterised in that：Including rainwater-collecting bucket, defeated
Water system, flow monitoring system, biology are detained bucket, gas permeability measurement component and electric expansion awning；
The rainwater-collecting bucket is placed on the ground of building downpipe side, the water inlet and building of the rainwater-collecting bucket
Thing downpipe connects, and the water side of the rainwater-collecting bucket is connected with water-carriage system, is additionally provided with and takes on the rainwater-collecting bucket
The mouth of a river；
The water-carriage system includes water delivery house steward and flow controller, and the water delivery house steward is gone out by water pump and rainwater-collecting bucket
Water end (W.E.) connects, and is additionally provided with some delivery pipe branches on the water delivery house steward, autocontrol valve is provided with the delivery pipe branch
And shower nozzle, the autocontrol valve are adjusted by flow controller and are opened and closed；
The biology is detained bucket and is arranged on below shower nozzle, and the biology, which is detained in bucket, is provided with filler, and kind has plant on the filler
Thing is simultaneously provided with plant growth sight gauge, and the biology, which is detained on bucket, is provided with delivery port, overfall and some sample taps, the life
The delivery port that thing is detained bucket is connected with outer row water pipe, and the overfall that the biology is detained bucket is connected with overflow pipe, at overfall
Provided with steel wire screen pack, U-tube is provided with the outer row water pipe and overflow pipe, the U-tube is detained bucket positioned at biology
The end set of side is highly less than the end set height that U-tube is detained bucket side away from biology, and the sample tap, which has, to be opened
Function is closed, the flow monitoring system includes feed water flow gauge, water flow meter, excess flow meter and flow registering instrument, described
Feed water flow gauge is arranged on delivery pipe branch, and the water flow meter is arranged on outer row water pipe, and positioned at delivery port with it is U-shaped
Between pipe, the excess flow meter is arranged on overflow pipe, and between overfall and U-tube, the feed water flow gauge, is gone out
Water ga(u)ge and excess flow meter are connected with flow registering instrument；
The gas permeability measurement component includes pressure-measuring pipe and installing plate, and described pressure-measuring pipe one end penetrates biology and is detained bucket and sets
In filler, the installing plate is fixedly installed on the side that biology is detained bucket.
The electric expansion rain cover is arranged on biology and is detained above bucket.
2. a kind of experimental rig for being used to detect biology delay facility operation efficiency according to claim 1, its feature exist
In：It is transparent plastics material that the biology, which is detained bucket, and the biology, which is detained on bucket outer surface, is also wrapped on black spongy layer.
3. a kind of experimental rig for being used to detect biology delay facility operation efficiency according to claim 1, its feature exist
In：The filler is divided into filter layer, transition zone, water conservation layer and drainage blanket from top to bottom, and the biology is detained the sampling of bucket
Mouth is arranged on filter layer and the bucket wall of water conservation layer side, and is set respectively close to the bottom of filter layer and water conservation layer, the life
The delivery port that thing is detained bucket is arranged on the bucket wall of transition zone side, and perforated drain pipe is provided with the drainage blanket, described to wear
Hole drainpipe one end is connected with backwash tube, and the backwash tube sequentially passes through drainage blanket, water conservation layer, transition zone and filter layer simultaneously
Protrude from the biology to be detained at the top of bucket, the perforated drain pipe other end is connected with soil stack, and the soil stack passes through
Drainage blanket and water conservation layer are connected with delivery port.
4. a kind of experimental rig for being used to detect biology delay facility operation efficiency according to claim 1, its feature exist
In：The filler is divided into filter layer, transition zone and drainage blanket from top to bottom, and the sample tap that the biology is detained bucket is arranged on
On the bucket wall of filter layer side, and set close to the bottom of filter layer, the delivery port that the biology is detained bucket is arranged on drainage blanket
On the bucket wall of side, perforated drain pipe is provided with the drainage blanket, described perforated drain pipe one end is connected with backwash tube, institute
State backwash tube and sequentially pass through drainage blanket, transition zone and filter layer and protrude from the biology and be detained at the top of bucket, the perforation row
The water pipe other end is connected with delivery port.
5. a kind of experimental rig for being used to detect biology delay facility operation efficiency according to claim 1, its feature exist
In：Delay height is provided between the overfall and filter layer.
6. a kind of experimental rig for being used to detect biology delay facility operation efficiency according to claim 3 or 4, its feature
It is：The quantity of the pressure-measuring pipe is 3, and three pressure-measuring pipes are set gradually from top to bottom and one end is all disposed within filter layer
Interior, the spacing between adjacent pressure-measuring pipe is equal, and the pressure-measuring pipe is fixedly installed on a mounting board, the setting of the other end of pressure-measuring pipe
Highly it is more than the setting height of overfall, scale strip is additionally provided with the installing plate.
7. a kind of experimental rig for being used to detect biology delay facility operation efficiency according to claim 1, its feature exist
In：The motor of the electric expansion awning is connected with rainwater inductive switch.
8. a kind of experimental rig for being used to detect biology delay facility operation efficiency according to claim 1, its feature exist
In its test method comprises the following steps：
Step 1) selects corresponding storm recurrence period and rainfall duration, determines simulated rainfall according to local Rain Intensity Formula Based
Rainfall intensity and quantum of rainfall；
Step 2) record original state under feed water flow gauge, water flow meter, the flow reading of excess flow meter, be recorded as Q1,
Q2, Q3, and feed water flow gauge, water flow meter, excess flow meter are connected with flow registering instrument, flow registering instrument gathers in real time
Data, flow controller adjust flow by adjusting the autocontrol valve on delivery pipe branch, determine the working time, rainfall is opened
Begin；
After step 3) rainfall terminates, record feed water flow gauge, water flow meter, the flow reading of excess flow meter, it is recorded as
Q11、Q22、Q33；
Quantum of rainfall, rainfall in step 4) record rainfall terminate after go out to flow total amount and rainfall terminate after overflow it is total
Amount, is recorded as Q1 ', Q2 ', Q3 ', quantum of rainfall Q1 '=(Q11-Q1), goes out to flow total amount Q2 '=(Q22-Q2), overflow total amount respectively
Q3 '=(Q33-Q3)；
Step 5) reads rainfall from flow registering instrument and goes out the curve that stream changes over time, and accesses computer, can be with according to curve
Directly read out flow delay time t1, flood peak time delay t2, runoff volume reduction rate=(Q1 '-Q2 '-Q3 ')/(Q1 '-Q3 ')
× 100% and flood peak reduction rate=(q1-q2)/q1, wherein q1 be the Peak Flow Rate in rainfall, q2 is in out of flow procedure
Peak Flow Rate.
9. a kind of experimental rig for being used to detect biology delay facility operation efficiency according to claim 8, its feature exist
In：After rainfall terminates in step 3), remember when the spacing that biology is detained in bucket between surface level and filtering layer surface is 10cm
The reading of three pressure-measuring pipes is recorded, h1, h2, h3 is recorded as and goes out flow velocity q, osmotic coefficient k=qL/Ah of filter layer, wherein q
To go out flow velocity, L be adjacent pressure measurement tube pitch, A be that biology is detained bucket surface area and h=[(h1-h2)+(h2-h3)]/2.
10. a kind of experimental rig for being used to detect biology delay facility operation efficiency according to claim 8, its feature exist
In：Intake in rainwater-collecting bucket is fetched water and detects to obtain contaminants associated concentration index in original rainwater, then in outside
Fetched water at the water outlet port of drainpipe and detect contaminants associated concentration index in the rainwater after being purified, pass through original rainwater
In in rainwater after contaminants associated concentration and purification contaminants associated concentration calculate the clearance of each pollutant.
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