CN203941036U - Plough to put down and make the runoff gathering-device under condition in a kind of slope - Google Patents
Plough to put down and make the runoff gathering-device under condition in a kind of slope Download PDFInfo
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- CN203941036U CN203941036U CN201420253582.XU CN201420253582U CN203941036U CN 203941036 U CN203941036 U CN 203941036U CN 201420253582 U CN201420253582 U CN 201420253582U CN 203941036 U CN203941036 U CN 203941036U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to field of agricultural science and technology, a kind of slope flat runoff gathering-device under condition of doing of ploughing is disclosed, it comprises that at least one is located at runoff collection tube on the monitoring plot of ploughing on slope, runoff pond that at least one is connected with described runoff collection tube and builds at the collecting gutter of monitoring below plot and between the pool wall of runoff pond, and described collecting gutter tilts to runoff pond pool wall on Width; Described runoff collection tube is provided with water inlet and water delivering orifice, and described water inlet downside is close to the surface of described collecting gutter, and described water delivering orifice is communicated with runoff pond pool wall, for footpath flow liquid being entered to described runoff pond.The utility model can be used in to be estimated China slope flat area source pollutants numbers of dropouts such as farmland nitrogen under condition, phosphorus of doing of ploughing, and has improved monitoring precision, and sampling process simple and fast.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to field of agricultural science and technology, particularly relates to a kind of slope flat runoff gathering-device under condition of doing of ploughing.
Background technology
Ploughing in slope is the important component part of China's basic farmland, in agricultural production process, flat operation mode is simpler, it is the conventional tillage method that peasant gladly accepts, this tillage method, during rainfall, very easily cause farmland nutrient loss, feedwater environment security impacts, and nitrogen, the phosphorus nutrient loss ploughed in slope have become one of main composition of China's widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area.For water conservation and aquatic ecosystem, new approaches and methods is all being sought in countries in the world, to monitor, to administer and to solve environmental problem.Therefore, people attach great importance to the research of runoff and monitoring, only China from nineteen ninety up to the present, the scientific paper relevant with runoff of delivering on all kinds of natural science periodicals reached more than 20,000 pieces (by the retrieval of < < CJFD (CJFD) > > is obtained), the over thousands of piece of writing of its mesoslope arable land Loss in Runoff aspect research, these papers are from national Jin500Ge scientific research institution (containing university), relate generally to agricultural, forestry, environment, ecological, water and soil conservation, the ambits such as the hydrology.Visible, to the research of agricultural run-off loss aspect, be very important.At present, be specifically designed to the method for arable land, slope runoff monitoring or install less.About agricultural run-off monitoring method, there is following major defect (Chinese Patent Application No. 200820079571.9, publication number CN101246093B addresses to some extent to this) in China:
1) in measuring process, be easily subject to the impact (as the own error of wind speed, water level, mareograph etc.) of external environment, the data obtained fiduciary level is not enough.
2) Part Methods is too high to pick-up unit requirement condition, is generally difficult to meet.
Utility model content
(1) technical matters that will solve
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of slope flat runoff gathering-device under condition of doing of ploughing, it can be used in the area source pollutants numbers of dropouts such as the flat farmland nitrogen of making mode, phosphorus of being ploughed in China slope and estimates, improved monitoring precision, and sampling process simple and fast.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the utility model provides arable land, a kind of slope to put down and makes the runoff gathering-device under condition, it comprises that at least one is located at runoff collection tube on the monitoring plot of ploughing on slope, runoff pond that at least one is connected with described runoff collection tube and builds at the collecting gutter of monitoring below plot and between the pool wall of runoff pond, and described collecting gutter tilts to runoff pond pool wall on Width; Described runoff pipe is arranged on center, runoff pond, cross one-sided runoff bay wall body, described runoff collection tube is provided with water inlet and water delivering orifice, and described water inlet downside is close to the surface of described collecting gutter, described water delivering orifice is communicated with runoff pond pool wall, for footpath flow liquid being entered to described runoff pond.Described collecting gutter is looked for declivity approximately 5% to runoff pool wall on Width, mainly plays the effect of the runoff water water conservancy diversion to producing.
One side that described collecting gutter is connected with monitoring plot is lower than the upper surface 5cm left and right in described monitoring plot, the another side of described collecting gutter is connected with the pool wall in described runoff pond, the mouth of pipe outer wall of described water inlet is close to the upper surface of described collecting gutter, the internal wall of pipe orifice of described water inlet exceeds the upper surface 0.4-0.6cm of described collecting gutter, be preferably 0.5cm, with the silt in runoff, there is certain illuviation, reduce silt and enter runoff pond.
Wherein, each runoff pond is communicated with the water delivering orifice of runoff collection tube described at least one.That is to say, same runoff pond can comprise a plurality of runoff collection tubes for the runoff in collecting in a big way, and different runoff ponds can be used in combination simultaneously.
Wherein, bottom, described runoff pond is provided with drain groove, and described drain groove is communicated to the outside in described runoff pond, is convenient to discharge footpath flow liquid to clean runoff pond.
Wherein, described runoff pond is preferably cube structure, and described drain groove is positioned at the bottom surface central authorities in described runoff pond, and along arranging along slope direction, particularly, for the slope along slope ridge culture, ploughs, and the setting party of described drain groove is to parallel with furrow direction; Plough in slope for cross ridge, the setting party of described drain groove is to vertical with furrow direction.
Wherein, the bottom surface that is positioned at described drain groove both sides in described runoff pond is to the dip plane of described drain groove introversion, and preferably bottom surface, both sides is the dip plane of 2 ° of left and right.
Wherein, described runoff pond is a plurality of, and the drain groove in each runoff pond interconnects.
Wherein, described drain groove and described runoff pond connectivity part are provided with drainpipe, and the water outlet of described drainpipe is provided with draining valve, are convenient to management sampling, can be smoothly, promptly by liquid emptying in runoff pond.
Wherein, on a wherein sidewall in described runoff pond, can be provided with level scale line, such as delineate call wire on pool wall, for directly recording and read run-off, accuracy is determined according to specific needs.
Wherein, the top in described runoff pond is provided with cover plate, to reduce the error producing because of moisture evaporation, and can prevent the footpath flow liquid in the pollution runoff ponds such as foreign material, described cover plate is along being obliquely installed along slope direction, and be provided with rainwater diversion trench at the downside of described cover plate, the rainwater on cover plate is discharged to described rainwater diversion trench.
Wherein, described runoff gathering-device also comprises at least one pump drainage pond, the water delivering orifice of described pump drainage pond and described drain groove is connected, and the footpath flow liquid of discharging for taking in described runoff pond is convenient to clean runoff pond, described pump drainage pond can be positioned at the outermost of runoff pond combination, generally, compared with dark 20cm left and right, runoff pond, height above ground level is identical with runoff pond height, and pump drainage pond width can be identical with runoff pond, length can be shorter than runoff pond, and concrete size can be determined according to actual conditions.
(3) beneficial effect
Compared with prior art, the utlity model has following advantage:
Plough to put down and make the runoff gathering-device under condition in a kind of slope that the utility model provides, described runoff gathering-device is along the runoff collection tube that connects monitoring plot is set along slope direction, described runoff collection tube, collecting gutter and runoff pond are communicated with, can the flat runoff of doing under condition in arable land, slope be collected and be monitored, the flat area source pollutants numbers of dropouts such as farmland nitrogen phosphorus of making tillage method in arable land, Ke Dui China slope are estimated, improved the accuracy of measuring, and sampling process simple and fast, can meet the runoff monitoring requirement that different gradient is ploughed.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of slope of the utility model flat graph of a relation of overlooking of making runoff gathering-device under condition of ploughing;
Fig. 2 is the flat sectional view of doing the runoff pond of the runoff gathering-device under condition in arable land, a kind of slope of the utility model;
Fig. 3 is the flat structural representation of making the runoff collection tube under condition in arable land, a kind of slope of the utility model.
In figure: 1: protection row; 2: ridge; 3: monitoring plot; 4: runoff collection tube; 5: collecting gutter; 6: runoff pond; 7: drain groove; 8: draining valve; 9: cover plate; 10: waterproof mortar protective seam; 11: reinforced concrete pool wall; 12: concrete cushion; 13: drainpipe; 14: rainwater diversion trench.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, embodiment of the present utility model is described in further detail.Following instance is used for illustrating the utility model, but is not used for limiting scope of the present utility model.
In description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, term " " center ", " longitudinally ", " laterally ", " on ", D score, " front ", " afterwards ", " left side ", " right side ", " vertically ", " level ", " top ", " end " " interior ", orientation or the position relationship of indications such as " outward " are based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, only the utility model and simplified characterization for convenience of description, rather than device or the element of indication or hint indication must have specific orientation, with specific orientation structure and operation, therefore can not be interpreted as restriction of the present utility model.
1. runoff pond
The quantity in 1.1 runoff ponds 6 and arrangement: as shown in Figure 1, each monitoring plot 3 of ploughing on slope, hilly and mountainous land district acts in accordance with slope single file and arranges, each all corresponding runoff pond 6, monitoring 3 belows, plot.Monitoring plot 3 surroundings are established ridge 2 and protection row 1 (seeing Fig. 1), and described ridge 2 width are generally in 12cm left and right, and described protection row 1 width is generally no less than 3 meters, be consistent in the crop of planting and cultivation step and monitoring plot 3.
1.2 runoff pond 6 volumes: determine the size in runoff pond 6 can hold run-off that local single game most torrential rain produced, determine the size in runoff pond 6 according to area, single game storm rainfall and the runoff yield thereof in monitoring plot 3.As the area of monitoring plot 3 is 30m
2, single game most torrential rain is in 80mm, runoff yield by 50mm (determining according to the runoff coefficient of various places), runoff pond 6 volumes are 30 * 50 ÷ 1000=1.5m
3.The length and width in runoff pond 6, deeply can determine according to actual conditions, following pond, general earth's surface is 100～120cm deeply, and earth's surface is above is highly 20cm; Half that runoff pond 6 length are monitoring plot 3 length, width is generally 80～120cm.
1.3 runoff pond 6 structures: the construction in runoff pond 6 will meet water-tight, impermeable gross requirement, according to the weather of each department and geologic condition difference, northern area suggestion is avoided bursting by freezing in winter at the bottom of adopting waterproof reinforced concrete or plain concrete (not placing reinforcing bar) to build pool wall and pond; Southern area adopts brick mix structure (being necessary for concreting at the bottom of pond) to build.Runoff pond pool wall can adopt concrete casting to build up steel reinforced concrete pool wall 11, and thickness is generally 20～25cm; As adopting brick masonry, thickness should be not less than 24cm.At the bottom of 6 inside and outside wall both sides, runoff pond, pond, all need to carry out antiseepage processing, smear waterproof mortar, avoid infiltration, leak.
Antiseepage processing requirements: while all adopting concreting at the bottom of (1) pool wall, pond, require to use pea gravel concreten, and add water-proofing agent, improve concrete density and impermeability, at the bottom of increasing pond if desired and pool wall thickness, make waterproof mortar protective seam 10; And at the bottom of pond, increase one deck concrete cushion 12; (2) pool wall adopts when brick, strictly controls brick and cement quality, and impervious, intensity reaches designing requirement, and during brick masonry, mortar is full, and brick wall and concrete surface concrete floor will be processed through dabbing, and interior outside is all done antiseepage and processed.
In 6 bed silts whens slurry of runoff pond, the drain groove 7 in the middle of at the bottom of pond is looked for 2% slope, and as shown in Figure 2, arrow direction in figure, is the vergence direction of bottom surface, and the water of being convenient to 6 bottoms, runoff pond collects to drain groove 7, is convenient to draining.
1.4 drain groove 7: be the runoff water in timely emptying runoff pond 6, along along slope direction, a drain groove 7 be set in the middle of each 6 bottom, runoff pond, the specification of described drain groove 7 is preferably 10cm * 10cm; Meanwhile, at each 6 outsides, runoff pond (descending) wall, corresponding drain groove 7 positions, bury diameter underground and are 10cm with the drainpipe 13 of draining valve 8, are preferably PPR pipe, communicated drainage groove 7.Take after runoff sample at every turn, open draining valve 8, emptying runoff pond 6 interior runoff waters, runoff pond 6 is cleaned on row limit, limit.
1.5 mark post chis: be the runoff water yield in each monitoring plot 3 of accurate-metering, each monitoring plot should be equipped with a mark post chi (minimum scale is mm), is used for measuring the degree of depth of runoff pond 6 interior water, then according to runoff pond 6 floorages, thereby calculate run-off.Also can be on the pool wall in each runoff pond 6, from bottom, calibrate mark, the degree of depth that is used for measuring runoff water.
The product of runoff pond 6 bottom areas and runoff water height, adds the runoff water volume of drain groove 7 parts, is the runoff water yield.According to the runoff water yield and monitor nitrogen, the phosphorus concentration in water sample, can calculate each rainwash nitrogen, phosphorus loss amount, take nitrogen as example, computing formula is as follows:
Total nitrogen concentration * runoff water yield in total nitrogen number of dropouts=runoff water sample;
1.6 runoff Chi Gai: for guaranteeing personal security; stop rainfall; prevent that the toys such as snake, the frog from entering runoff pond 6; each runoff pond 6 all should arrange hard cover plate 9; cover plate 9 keeps 5 ° of inclinations to descending one side; the vergence direction that in Fig. 3, the direction of arrow indication is cover plate, is discharged to the rainwater diversion trench 14 on runoff Chi6Bi by the rainwater on cover plate 9, and is finally discharged to protection row 1 (as shown in Figure 2).
1.7 pump drainage ponds: the footpath flow liquid of discharging in order to take in described runoff pond, also comprise at least one pump drainage pond, the water delivering orifice of described pump drainage pond and described drain groove is connected, be convenient to clean runoff pond, described pump drainage pond can be positioned at the outermost of runoff pond combination, generally compared with dark 20cm left and right, runoff pond, height above ground level is identical with runoff pond height, pump drainage pond width can be identical with runoff pond, and length can be shorter than runoff pond, and concrete size can be determined according to actual conditions.
2. runoff collection tube
Flat, do under condition, the PPR runoff pipe that runoff collection tube 4 is 5-10cm by collecting gutter 5 and diameter forms.Monitoring plot below, along runoff pond 6 pool wall directions with cement build one long identical with monitoring plot width, wide 10cm, the collecting gutter 5 of dark 5cm (lower than ground 5cm), collecting gutter 5 is looked for approximately 5% declivity on Width to runoff Chi6Bi, in Fig. 3, arrow direction is the vergence direction of collecting gutter 5, PPR runoff pipe is located at center, runoff pond, cross one-sided runoff pond 6 bodies of wall, its mouth of pipe outer wall is close to the upper surface of collecting gutter 5, its internal wall of pipe orifice is a little more than the upper surface 0.5cm of collecting gutter 5, guaranteeing has certain illuviation to the silt in runoff, reduce silt and enter runoff pond 6.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model; not in order to limit the utility model; all within spirit of the present utility model and principle, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (10)
1. plough to put down and make the runoff gathering-device under condition in a slope, it is characterized in that, it comprises that at least one is located at runoff collection tube on the monitoring plot of ploughing on slope, runoff pond that at least one is connected with described runoff collection tube and builds at the collecting gutter of monitoring below plot and between the pool wall of runoff pond, and described collecting gutter tilts to runoff pond pool wall on Width; Described runoff collection tube is provided with water inlet and water delivering orifice, and described water inlet downside is close to the surface of described collecting gutter, and described water delivering orifice is communicated with runoff pond pool wall, for footpath flow liquid being entered to described runoff pond.
2. plough to put down and make the runoff gathering-device under condition in slope as claimed in claim 1, and the mouth of pipe outer wall of the water inlet of described runoff collection tube is close to the surface of described collecting gutter, and the internal wall of pipe orifice of described water inlet exceeds the surperficial 0.4cm-0.6cm of described collecting gutter.
3. plough to put down and make the runoff gathering-device under condition in slope as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, each runoff pond is communicated with the water delivering orifice of runoff collection tube described at least one.
4. plough to put down and make the runoff gathering-device under condition in slope as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, bottom, described runoff pond is provided with drain groove, and described drain groove is communicated to the outside in described runoff pond.
5. plough to put down and make the runoff gathering-device under condition in slope as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described runoff pond is cube structure, and described drain groove is positioned at the bottom surface central authorities in described runoff pond, and along arranging along slope direction.
6. plough to put down and make the runoff gathering-device under condition in slope as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the bottom surface that is positioned at described drain groove both sides in described runoff pond is to the dip plane of described drain groove introversion.
7. plough to put down and make the runoff gathering-device under condition in slope as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described runoff pond is a plurality of, and the drain groove in each runoff pond interconnects.
8. plough to put down and make the runoff gathering-device under condition in slope as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described drain groove and described runoff pond connectivity part are provided with drainpipe, and the water outlet of described drainpipe is provided with draining valve.
9. plough to put down and make the runoff gathering-device under condition in slope as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the top in described runoff pond is provided with cover plate, and described cover plate is obliquely installed along slope, and is provided with rainwater diversion trench at the downside of described cover plate.
10. plough to put down and make the runoff gathering-device under condition in slope as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, also comprise at least one pump drainage pond, the water delivering orifice of described pump drainage pond and described drain groove is connected, the footpath flow liquid of discharging for taking in described runoff pond.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420253582.XU CN203941036U (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2014-05-16 | Plough to put down and make the runoff gathering-device under condition in a kind of slope |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420253582.XU CN203941036U (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2014-05-16 | Plough to put down and make the runoff gathering-device under condition in a kind of slope |
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| CN203941036U true CN203941036U (en) | 2014-11-12 |
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| CN201420253582.XU Expired - Fee Related CN203941036U (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2014-05-16 | Plough to put down and make the runoff gathering-device under condition in a kind of slope |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105717276A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-06-29 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Field piece scale slope cropland water and soil loss monitoring system and monitoring method thereof |
| CN108678125A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-10-19 | 北京市农业环境监测站 | A kind of terraced fields nitrogen and phosphorus loss monitoring system device |
-
2014
- 2014-05-16 CN CN201420253582.XU patent/CN203941036U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105717276A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-06-29 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Field piece scale slope cropland water and soil loss monitoring system and monitoring method thereof |
| CN108678125A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-10-19 | 北京市农业环境监测站 | A kind of terraced fields nitrogen and phosphorus loss monitoring system device |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20141112 Termination date: 20170516 |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |