CN102561253A - Washout district of original-state in-situ gully system - Google Patents
Washout district of original-state in-situ gully system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102561253A CN102561253A CN2012100297733A CN201210029773A CN102561253A CN 102561253 A CN102561253 A CN 102561253A CN 2012100297733 A CN2012100297733 A CN 2012100297733A CN 201210029773 A CN201210029773 A CN 201210029773A CN 102561253 A CN102561253 A CN 102561253A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a washout district of an original-state in-situ gully system, which comprises a steady-flow pond, a water storage tank, a catch-water basin, a falling sill, a gully bed, a gully bed buffer area, a water-sand collecting tank, a split-flow pond and a mass flow pond which are sequentially connected from top to bottom along a gradient, wherein the steady-flow pond is connected with the water storage tank through a water duct; the catch-water basin is rectangular, and the width of the falling sill is consistent with the width of the catch-water basin; the upper part of the gully bed of a gully is connected with the bottom of the falling sill, and the gully bed buffer area is connected with the water-sand collecting tank; a water draining port of the water-sand collecting tank is connected with the split-flow pond through the water duct; and a water draining port of the split-flow pond is connected with the mass flow pond through the water duct. As the gully washout district built by a method of the invention mainly adopts an original-state in-situ mode, disturbed soil is less, and the washout district has a good economical efficiency. The overall developmental process of the gully can be continuously, systematically and accurately observed, so the washout district has stronger scientificity. The device has a simple structure and convenience for operation and maintenance.
Description
Technical field
Technology of the present invention relates to the Environmental Monitoring field, and the structure of sub-district washes away in a kind of coombe system that particularly relates to research coombe growth course, and the form that is used for studying the coombe growth course develops and the silt effect.
Background technology
Gully erosion is a kind of main erosion.According to United States Department of Agriculture's investigation, the rill erosion amount accounts for the 18-73% (average out to 35%) of total amount of erosion; The rill erosion situation of analysis and summary countries in the world man, the rill erosion amount accounts for the 10-94% (average out to 44%) that corrodes total amount; In gully, the hills district in China loess plateau, area has 21.76 ten thousand km
2, the rill erosion amount accounts for the 60-90% that corrodes total amount.Therefore, the research gully erosion content that is absolutely necessary, wherein, the coombe growth course is an important content.
At present; Usually use methods such as remote sensing image, photography and GPS to carry out coombe growth course periodic monitoring in the open air; Not enough below these methods exist: as to be to need the long period to obtain usually 1); 2) be that the accuracy as a result that obtains is relatively poor, particularly the information of growth course does not almost have, and 3) can't monitor in real time for the form of ditch head, furrow bank in the coombe head ward erosion process.Quantitative test is mainly advanced in indoor employing rain making mode, yet the laboratory test yardstick is too little, and soil neither undisturbed soil, and is too wide in the gap with actual conditions.Therefore, need the coombe system of a kind of ability of invention rapid and accurate determination coombe head ward erosion process to wash away the sub-district.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention technology provides a kind of simple in structure, operation, safeguard convenient, can the sub-district make be washed away by a kind of ortho states original position coombe system that measure coombe growth course rule fast and accurately.
The purpose of the present invention's technology is achieved in that
The sub-district is washed away by a kind of ortho states original position coombe system, comprise along the gradient from the top down order link to each other equalization pond, aqua storage tank, the catchment arranged, fall bank, ditch bed, ditch bed buffer area, the husky feeder of water, shunting pond and afflux pond,
Said equalization pond is connected through water-supply-pipe with aqua storage tank, and water-supply-pipe is provided with flow meter;
Aqua storage tank is surrounded by brick wall body and becomes cuboid, and water-supply-pipe stretches into the aqua storage tank bottom, the shared body of wall of the upside in aqua storage tank and cell set pool, and this shared body of wall end face keeps level;
The catchment is a rectangle, the upside of catchment and the left and right sides by brick wall body surround form, the catchment downside is open architecture, the gradient of catchment on water (flow) direction is 10～15 °;
The width that falls bank is consistent with the catchment, and the gradient of falling bank is 90 °;
Coombe ditch bed top links to each other bottom falling bank; Brickwork is adopted in ditch bed both sides; The bottom is provided with ditch bed buffer area, and the width of ditch bed is consistent with the catchment, and ditch bed buffer area adopts the ceramic tile masonry; This masonry is used as and in experimentation, successively withdraws from the continuous incision of coombe ditch bed, thereby plays the coombe incision process of can monitoring;
Ditch bed buffer area is connected with the husky feeder of water, and the bottom surface of the husky feeder of water is the inclined plane of an inclination below the gradient, and the length of the husky feeder of water is identical with the width of ditch bed, and the bottom of the husky feeder of water one side along the gradient direction below is provided with outfall;
The outfall of the husky feeder of water is connected with the shunting pond through water-supply-pipe, and the outfall in shunting pond is connected with the afflux pond through water-supply-pipe again.
Scheme further is: said equalization pond supplies water through water tap; Also has a spillway hole on the equalization pond.
Scheme further is: said aqua storage tank along the top body of wall height of gradient direction greater than said party wall height degree.
Scheme further is: said catchment is 10m along the length on the gradient direction, and wide is 2 to 5 meters.
Scheme further is: the said height that falls bank is 0.7 to 1m.
Scheme further is: the said gradient of falling bank is 90 °.
Scheme further is: the length on the said ditch edge of bed gradient direction is 7 to 10m.
Scheme further is: the degree of depth of the husky feeder of said water is greater than 0.2m, and width is greater than 0.4m, and the outfall diameter of the husky feeder of water is more than or equal to 7.5cm.
Scheme further is: said shunting pond inside dimension is 0.3 * 0.3 * 0.3m
3, the quantity of shunting pond outfall is 5 to 8, and outfall is the hole of diameter 7.5cm, and the size of outfall is identical with highly.
Scheme further is: a gutter is arranged at bottom, said afflux pond, and valve is installed on the gutter.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, economy
Because the coombe that method makes up washes away the sub-district and mainly adopts ortho states original position mode to make up, therefore, the disturbance soil body is less, has excellent economy.
2, science
The sub-district is washed away by the coombe system of this method design; The soil body does not all pass through disturbance, introduces water in the aqua storage tank of upper end, sub-district, lets water overflow the soil that washes away the sub-district naturally; The growth overall process of can continuous system observing coombe exactly; In addition, the coombe system of ortho states original position is the true developmental state of the open-air coombe of simulation at utmost, therefore has stronger science.
3, this apparatus structure is simple, and Operation and Maintenance is convenient.
Apparatus of the present invention are simple, and are easy to operate.
4, satisfy many demand properties.
The aqua storage tank of upper end, sub-district of the present invention, diversion flow size can only need be installed a flow meter according to the needs setting of research above aqua storage tank, just can regulate the flow size, has satisfied the different demands of research.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sketch map that the sub-district is washed away by ortho states original position coombe of the present invention system.
The specific embodiment
Shown in accompanying drawing 1, the present invention is from equalization pond 3 and flow meter below 4, along gradient direction arrange aqua storage tank 6, catchment 7 from the top down, fall bank 8, ditch bed 9, ditch bed buffer area 10 and the husky feeder 11 of water, shunting pond 12 and afflux pond 13 connect to form in order; Catchment 7 is long 10m, wide 2～5m rectangle, the upside of catchment and the left and right sides by brick wall body surround form, the catchment downside is open architecture, the gradient of catchment on water (flow) direction is 10～15 °; Aqua storage tank 6 is surrounded by brick wall body and becomes cuboid; The aqua storage tank top has a water inlet pipe, water inlet pipe front portion to stretch into aqua storage tank bottom, the shared body of wall of the upside in aqua storage tank and cell set pool; This shared body of wall end face should keep level, thereby the top that makes comes water can evenly get into the catchment; Falling the height and the gradient of bank 8 should improve according to the bank that falls of the typical coombe in locality accordingly, and it is 0.7～1.0m that general active coombe falls bank, and the gradient is generally 45～90 °; Coombe ditch bed 9 tops with fall bank and link to each other, brickwork is adopted in both sides, is convenient to runoff and silt and collects, the bottom is provided with ditch bed buffer area 10, the width of ditch bed should be consistent with the catchment, the gradient is to work as the typical gradient of trench bed, length is generally 7～10m; The ceramic tile that ditch bed buffer area is successively withdrawn from the coombe incision in experimentation (the less object of other surfacing and thickness all can), the starting altitude of this buffer area ceramic tile is a little less than the soil body height of catchment downside; The bottom surface of the husky feeder of water is an inclined plane; The degree of depth of the husky feeder of water should be greater than 0.2m, and width should be greater than 0.4m, and length is consistent with the ditch bed; The bottom of the husky feeder of water is provided with an outfall; The outfall diameter should reach 7.5cm, blocks thereby the control coombe produces a large amount of silts, guarantees that runoff flows naturally; The outfall of the husky guiding gutter of water is communicated with the water inlet on shunting top, pond, and the interior sky in shunting pond is of a size of 0.3 * 0.3 * 0.3m
3The size of the outfall in shunting pond is traditionally arranged to be the hole that diameter is 7.5cm; The quantity of outfall is 5～8; Concrete size also can be along with the size of catchment waterdrainage amount be adjusted accordingly, but the flow of all outfall that must guarantee the shunting pond is greater than the water inlet flow, and the size of drain hole and highly all need being consistent; The afflux pool volume is 2m
3, sky is of a size of long 2m, wide 1m, dark 1m in it, and observation bottom, pond is provided with a gutter, and valve is housed on the gutter.
Afflux pond (volume 2m
3) the husky containing quantity of water be certain value, can come the water yield and shunting pond draining hole count to adjust according to the top, on the water inlet pipe of aqua storage tank equalization pond is installed and flow meter measures, thereby can be accomplished the coombe growth course monitoring test under the different hydraulic slopes.
When the coombe system that the present invention relates to washes away the sub-district and builds, the catchment of coombe, fall bank and the ditch bed is main makes up according to local typical coombe landform, and reduce the disturbance of the original position soil body as far as possible.
Build aqua storage tank on the partition wall of upper end, slope, catchment, groove inner width 0.24m, length is 2～5m, the high 0.48m of wall of this groove outside (top, slope), the wall of inboard (below, slope) is low to moderate 0.24m in the middle of being, and inboard maintenance level is so that the water of tank evenly overflows.
The catchment is a cuboid, and long is 10m, and wide is 2～5m, and the upside and the left and right sides are with the floating masonry walls of cement mortar, and masonry walls embeds the underground 0.3m that is not less than, and crop out 0.2m is dark, and wide is 0.24m, washes away thereby can effectively resist runoff.The domatic of catchment is to be " V " font on the whole, conflux thereby make the current of catchment arrive when falling bank, thus the developmental state of coombe when simulation ditch head confluxes.
The height that falls bank is 0.7～1m, and width is consistent with the catchment, general 45～90 ° of the gradient, and it is maximum especially vertically to fall bank.
The gradient of ditch bed is generally delayed (5～15 °), and width is consistent with the catchment, and length is traditionally arranged to be 7～10m, local typical coombe ditch bed length of main foundation and the feasibility of building ortho states original position slope trench system.
Ditch bed lower end buffer area adopts ceramic tile to block, so that remove (height with coombe ditch tail reduces the ditch bed height) in the future, and the husky feeder of external movably chalybeate waters; Slot length is consistent with the ditch bed, and wide 0.5m highly is 0.2m; The bottom surface should keep certain inclination angle, thereby silt is flowed out fully.
The external brick shunting of the husky feeder of water pond, shunting bay wall height is 0.4 meter, and length and width is 0.3m, and shunting bottom surface, pond is a plane, and all drain holes also must keep onesize and same level height.
The husky feeder of water connects brick afflux pond, and the afflux pond is a cuboid, is the floating wall of brick cement mortar all around; Dark 1 meter of pond, long 2 meters, wide 1 meter; The bottom surface cement mortar screeding, the gutter that diameter is 7.5cm is installed in the bottom, pond, and valve switch is housed on the gutter.
The present invention in use; Through the control of water tap 2 with spillway hole 1, flow meter 4, can control the output that equalization pond 3 is given aqua storage tank, let water overflow the soil that washes away the sub-district naturally; Thereby can quantitatively, accurately observe the growth overall process of coombe; And because the soil of whole sub-district does not all pass through disturbance, at utmost therefore the true developmental state of the open-air coombe of simulation has stronger science.
Claims (10)
1. the sub-district is washed away by an ortho states original position coombe system, comprises along continuous in proper order from the top down equalization pond, aqua storage tank, the catchment of arranging of the gradient, falls bank, ditch bed, ditch bed buffer area, the husky feeder of water, shunting pond and afflux pond, it is characterized in that:
Said equalization pond is connected through water-supply-pipe with aqua storage tank, and water-supply-pipe is provided with flow meter;
Aqua storage tank is surrounded by brick wall body and becomes cuboid, and water-supply-pipe stretches into the aqua storage tank bottom, the shared body of wall of the upside in aqua storage tank and cell set pool, and this shared body of wall end face keeps level;
The catchment is a rectangle, the upside of catchment and the left and right sides by brick wall body surround form, the catchment downside is open architecture, the gradient of catchment on water (flow) direction is 10～15 °;
The width that falls bank is consistent with the catchment, and the gradient of falling bank is 45～90 °;
Coombe ditch bed top links to each other bottom falling bank, and brickwork is adopted in ditch bed both sides, and the bottom is provided with ditch bed buffer area, and the width of ditch bed is consistent with the catchment, and the riverbed buffer area adopts the ceramic tile masonry;
Ditch bed buffer area is connected with the husky feeder of water, and the bottom surface of the husky feeder of water is the inclined plane of an inclination below the gradient, and the length of the husky feeder of water is identical with the width of ditch bed, and the bottom of the husky feeder of water one side along the gradient direction below is provided with outfall;
The outfall of the husky feeder of water is connected with the shunting pond through water-supply-pipe, and the outfall in shunting pond is connected with the afflux pond through water-supply-pipe again.
2. wash away the sub-district according to the said ortho states original position of claim 1 coombe system, it is characterized in that: said equalization pond supplies water through water tap; Also has a spillway hole on the equalization pond.
3. wash away the sub-district according to the said ortho states original position of claim 1 coombe system, it is characterized in that: said aqua storage tank along the top body of wall height of gradient direction greater than said party wall height degree.
4. wash away the sub-district according to the said ortho states original position of claim 1 coombe system, it is characterized in that: said catchment is 10m along the length on the gradient direction, and wide is 2 to 5 meters.
5. wash away the sub-district according to the said ortho states original position of claim 1 coombe system, it is characterized in that: the said height that falls bank is 0.7 to 1m.
6. wash away the sub-district according to the said ortho states original position of claim 1 coombe system, it is characterized in that: the said gradient of falling bank is 90 °.
7. wash away the sub-district according to the said ortho states original position of claim 1 coombe system, it is characterized in that: the length on the said ditch edge of bed gradient direction is 7 to 10m.
8. wash away the sub-district according to the said ortho states original position of claim 1 coombe system, it is characterized in that: the degree of depth of the husky feeder of said water is greater than 0.2m, and width is greater than 0.4m, and the outfall diameter of the husky feeder of water is more than or equal to 7.5cm.
9. wash away the sub-district according to the said ortho states original position of claim 1 coombe system, it is characterized in that: said shunting pond inside dimension is 0.3 * 0.3 * 0.3m
3, the quantity of shunting pond outfall is 5 to 8, and outfall is the hole of diameter 7.5cm, and the size of outfall is identical with highly.
10. wash away the sub-district according to the said ortho states original position of claim 1 coombe system, it is characterized in that: a gutter is arranged at bottom, said afflux pond, and valve is installed on the gutter.
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| CN201210029773.3A CN102561253B (en) | 2012-02-10 | 2012-02-10 | Washout district of original-state in-situ gully system |
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| CN201210029773.3A CN102561253B (en) | 2012-02-10 | 2012-02-10 | Washout district of original-state in-situ gully system |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103487568A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2014-01-01 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Construction improvement method of surface runoff collection small area |
| CN105699237A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-06-22 | 北京林业大学 | Experimental device and experimental method for comparing protective benefits of ecological mats |
| CN106324218A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-11 | 贵州师范大学 | Thin-layer even bypass channel for thin-layer even water and sediment simulation device |
| CN108755654A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-11-06 | 马松增 | A kind of Mountain Area water and soil conservation slope surface, which is shut off, promotees infiltration method |
| CN109030771A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-12-18 | 南京林业大学 | Soil loss monitoring runoff plots |
| CN111379238A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-07-07 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Trench head protection structure for developing erosion gully and construction method thereof |
| CN112284682A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-01-29 | 云南大学 | Experimental device and method for simulating gully head falling acupoint development |
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| CN108755654A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-11-06 | 马松增 | A kind of Mountain Area water and soil conservation slope surface, which is shut off, promotees infiltration method |
| CN109030771A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-12-18 | 南京林业大学 | Soil loss monitoring runoff plots |
| CN111379238A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-07-07 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Trench head protection structure for developing erosion gully and construction method thereof |
| CN112284682A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-01-29 | 云南大学 | Experimental device and method for simulating gully head falling acupoint development |
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| CN102561253B (en) | 2014-08-20 |
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