CN101246093B - Drain collecting pipe and device under paddy-upland rotation condition - Google Patents
Drain collecting pipe and device under paddy-upland rotation condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN101246093B CN101246093B CN2008101026770A CN200810102677A CN101246093B CN 101246093 B CN101246093 B CN 101246093B CN 2008101026770 A CN2008101026770 A CN 2008101026770A CN 200810102677 A CN200810102677 A CN 200810102677A CN 101246093 B CN101246093 B CN 101246093B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a runoff collecting pipe which is simultaneously suitable for conditions of the irrigated land, the dry farmland and the water and dry alternating cultivation and the corresponding runoff collecting device and the invention belongs to the field of the farming science. The runoff collecting pipe of the invention is a four-way pipe which comprises three water inlets and a water outlet, the external shape can be arranged to an inversed ''F'', the water flowing-in height of the water inlet 1 is consistent with the water-discharging height of the field ridge, the water flowing-in height of the water inlet 2 is consistent with the height of the ground; the water flowing-in height of the water inlet 3 is consistent with the water-discharging height of the field drainage channel; the invention also provides a runoff collecting device using the runoff collecting pipe of the invention, the collecting device comprises at least one runoff tank and each runoff tank comprises at least one runoff collecting pipe of the invention. The invention is suitable for the runoff collecting and monitoring under the conditions of irrigated land, dry land and water and dry alternating cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of runoff collection tube and corresponding runoff gathering-device that can be applicable to simultaneously under paddy field, dry land and the rice field-upland field rotation condition.Belong to field of agricultural science and technology.
Background technology
The severe problem that migration is present China ecology, environment in the earth of soil erosion, pollution of area source, agricultural ground nutrient loss, pollutant and nutrient, agriculture and forestry faced, and runoff is the occasioner and the main carrier of these processes.Therefore, people attach great importance to the research of runoff and monitoring, only China from 1994 up to the present, the scientific paper of delivering on all kinds of natural science periodicals relevant with runoff reached a piece of writing (obtaining by the retrieval to " CJFD (CJFD) ") surplus in the of 10,000, wherein surplus the agricultural run-off 600 piece of writing, these papers relate generally to ambits such as agricultural, forestry, environment, ecology, water and soil conservation, the hydrology, geology from nearly 500 scientific research institutions in the whole nation (containing university).As seen, the research to runoff is crucial.
At present there is following major defect (Chinese patent application number 00128153.4, publication number CN 1361411A addresses to some extent to this) in China about the agricultural run-off monitoring method:
1) in measuring process, is subjected to the influence (as own error of wind speed, water level, mareograph etc.) of external environment easily, gained data reliability deficiency.
2) for the rice field-upland field rotation area, long-term simple monitoring can not be carried out to same plot in same runoff pond.
3) monitoring area is had in various degree requirement, area is little, and representativeness is not strong; Area is big, collects relatively difficulty of runoff water.
4) the part method is too high to the pick-up unit requirement condition, generally is difficult to satisfy.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of runoff collection tube and corresponding runoff gathering-device that is applicable to simultaneously under paddy field, dry land and the rice field-upland field rotation condition.
Above-mentioned runoff collection tube is a four-way piece, comprises three water inlets and a water delivering orifice; Its profile can be " on " the font structure, " on " opening in font left side is water delivering orifice, three openings on right side are water inlet, as shown in Figure 1; It can be combined by two three-way pipes and five straight tubes.
Water inlet can seal, each water inlet and nonessential use simultaneously, and the time spent does not build with supporting lid, prevents to produce error because of precipitation, foreign material etc.
The water inlet height of water inlet one is highly consistent with the draining of ridge, and its mouth of pipe is generally at the above 6-10cm of ground surface; The water inlet height of water inlet two is consistent with floor level; When there was the trench drain in the field, the water inlet of water inlet three height was highly consistent with the draining of drain ditch in the field, and the general ditch depth of China's southern area is about 15cm.So-called water inlet highly refers to the lowest water level height (apart from ground) that can make water equipment into begin to intake, and draining highly refers to and can make drainage equipment begin the lowest water level height (apart from ground) of draining.When concrete the use, should make it to meet the demands according to the height that local concrete condition is regulated each water inlet.
The present invention also provides a kind of runoff gathering-device that uses above-mentioned runoff collection tube, and it comprises at least one runoff pond and at least one above-mentioned runoff collection tube; Each runoff pond comprises at least one above-mentioned runoff collection tube.That is to say that same runoff pond can comprise a plurality of runoff collection tubes and be used to collect interior in a big way runoff, different runoff ponds can be used in combination simultaneously, shown in accompanying drawing 3 and 4.
Bottom, above-mentioned runoff pond can be provided with drain groove, is communicated with outside, runoff pond, is convenient to discharging footpath flow liquid to clean the runoff pond.For the runoff pond that is used in combination, the drain groove in each runoff pond can be connected to each other, be convenient to the management sampling, can be smoothly rapidly with liquid emptying in the runoff pond.
If the runoff pond is a cube structure, it is better that then drain groove is positioned at the bottom surface side edge.
Above-mentioned runoff gathering-device can also comprise at least one pump drainage pond.Be used for the footpath flow liquid unification in runoff pond is discharged in the pump drainage pond, be convenient to clean the runoff pond.The pump drainage pond can be positioned at the outermost of runoff pond combination, and generally than about the dark 20cm in runoff pond, height above ground level is identical with runoff pond height.Pump drainage pond width can be identical with the runoff pond, and length can be shorter than the runoff pond, and concrete size can be decided according to actual conditions.
The water surface elevation scale mark can also be contained in above-mentioned runoff pond, such as delineate call wire on pool wall, is used for directly writing down reading run-off, and accuracy is decided according to concrete needs.
Above-mentioned runoff pond should contain lid, when not sampling, with runoff pond cap covers, reduces the error that produces because of water evaporates, and can prevent that foreign material etc. from polluting pond internal diameter flow liquid.
Compare with prior art, the advantage of apparatus of the present invention is:
A) the present invention is based on runoff pond method, solved since in the rice field-upland field rotation footpath flow liquid water level height different cause can not make the problem of periodic measurement to same rice field-upland field rotation field for same runoff pond facility, can more fully monitor runoff situation in the plant growth cycle;
B) apparatus of the present invention are simple to operate, and period is selected different water inlets in different plantations, can satisfy the demand;
C) apparatus of the present invention are simple in structure, and are easy for installation, can satisfy the requirement of different terrain.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a runoff collection tube sketch of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a runoff gathering-device sketch of the present invention;
Fig. 3 collects synoptic diagram for the plains region rainwash;
Fig. 4 is that mountain and hill area rainwash is collected synoptic diagram;
Fig. 5 collects synoptic diagram for the runoff under the rice field-upland field rotation condition;
Fig. 6 is that the runoff under the condition of paddy field is collected synoptic diagram;
Fig. 7 is that the runoff under the dry land condition is collected synoptic diagram;
Fig. 8 has the runoff collection synoptic diagram in pump drainage pond for region of no relief or hilly area rice field, ground, dam;
Wherein:
1. water inlet one; 2. water inlet two; 3. water inlet three; 4. water delivering orifice; 5. lid; 6. drain groove; 7. water [proof; 8. runoff Chi Gai; A. runoff collection tube; B. runoff pond; C. sub-district; D. pump drainage pond
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further detail:
1. runoff pond
1.1 runoff pond quantity and arrangement: no matter region of no relief (Fig. 3) or hilly area (Fig. 4), all corresponding runoff pond, each sub-district is used for collecting the sub-district runoff water.For the ponding in the rapid emptying runoff pond, be convenient to clean the runoff pond, region of no relief or hilly area rice field, ground, dam can add in runoff pond outermost does a pump drainage pond (Fig. 8).Ploughing and then need not the pump drainage pond in the hilly area slope, directly utilizes the drain groove draining.
1.2 runoff pool volume: determine the size in runoff pond can hold run-off that local single game most torrential rain produced.Determine the size in runoff pond according to area, single game storm rainfall and the runoff yield thereof of runoff plots.As sub-district area 30m
2, by 50mm (the runoff yield coefficient according to various places is determined), pool volume is 30 * 50 ÷ 1000=1.5m to the single game most torrential rain in 80mm, runoff yield
3The length and width in runoff pond, can decide according to actual conditions deeply, general following pond, the face of land is 100～120cm deeply, highly is 20cm more than the face of land.Runoff pond length is half of sub-district length, and width is generally 80～120cm.
1.3 runoff pool structure: the runoff pool wall is brick, cement wall, forms (as shown in Figure 2) with concreting at the bottom of the pond; Pool wall is single brick or two brick structure, and with the lay bricks inside and outside wall of wall of cement flour, it is 1.5cm that powder is built thickness.Whitewash and to carry out the antiseepage processing in the process, must guarantee that each runoff pond specification is identical, water-tight, not seep water.
1.4 drain groove: with at the bottom of the concreting runoff pond time,, do a groove that 10cm is wide, 10cm is dark being close to wall one side along runoff pond series connection direction, the pool wall correspondence position between two runoff ponds, burying diameter underground is the 5cm pvc pipe, is communicated to the pump drainage pond.This groove is used for the ponding in each runoff pond of emptying.Under the normal condition, the pvc pipe both sides screw with lid; Turn on during draining, make the ponding in each runoff pond drain into the pump drainage pond, use the water pumper draining then.
1.5 mark post chi: for making things convenient for, accurately measuring the runoff water yield, should be equipped with a mark post chi (minimum scale is mm), perhaps go up steel tape of bondage, or mark is delineated yardstick on the runoff pool wall at a pvc pipe (guarantee vertically, do not bend).The product of runoff pond bottom area and runoff water height is added concave groove volume partly, is the runoff water yield.According to the concentration of the nitrogen in run-off, the footpath flow liquid, phosphorus, agricultural chemicals, can calculate nitrogen, phosphorus and the pesticide volume of loss.
1.6 runoff Chi Gai: the runoff pool surface should be laid hard, rainproof covering facility, both can prevent that rainwater, dust from falling into, and prevents that also humans and animals from falling accidentally.For example use the eternit cover plate, prevent that rainwater and foreign material from entering the runoff pond.
2. runoff collection tube
Whether the installation site of runoff collection tube appropriately is directly connected to the success or failure of rainwash monitoring test.In general, the runoff collection tube is installed in that the monitoring sub-district links to each other with the runoff pond on one side, close sub-district position intermediate (Fig. 3,4).In any kind monitoring test, the runoff collection tube height of each sub-district must be consistent.
2.1 rice field-upland field rotation monitoring test: the runoff collection tube is that pvc pipe and two three-way pipes of 5cm are formed by connecting by diameter.Top-down three water inlets are respectively applied for collects the pour water runoff water of phase, dry field phase (or time out) and dry farming growth period (as wheat, rape etc.) generation of paddy rice.In a certain period, only use one of them water inlet, all the other two water inlets must screw with lid.
2.2 paddy field monitoring test:, the water inlet three of runoff collection tube can be closed (Fig. 6) for the plot of only planting paddy rice the whole years such as the single harvest rice, double cropping of rice.Water inlet one and water inlet two are respectively applied for rice growing season, dry field phase (or time out).In a certain period, only use one of them water inlet, another water inlet must screw with lid.
2.3 Plain, nonirrigated farmland and sloping arable land monitoring test:, the water inlet one and three of runoff collection tube can be closed (accompanying drawing 7) for the region of no relief, nonirrigated farmland and the hilly area that do not have drain ditch in the field.
3. pump drainage pond
The pump drainage pond is positioned at runoff pond outermost, generally than about the dark 20cm in runoff pond, and 120～150cm below the face of land, height above ground level is identical with runoff pond height, is 20cm.Pump drainage pond width is identical with the runoff pond, and length can be shorter than the runoff pond, and concrete size can be decided according to actual conditions.
Claims (9)
1. a runoff collection tube comprises a water delivering orifice and three water inlets that can seal, and the height difference of described three water inlets is characterized in that, the water inlet height of water inlet one is highly consistent with the draining of ridge; The water inlet height of water inlet two is consistent with floor level; The water inlet height of water inlet three is highly consistent with the draining of drain ditch in the field.
2. runoff collection tube as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this runoff collection tube be " on " the font structure, should " on " the left side opening of font structure correspondence is water delivering orifice, right openings is a water inlet.
3. a runoff gathering-device is characterized in that, comprises at least one runoff pond and at least one claim 1 or 2 described runoff collection tubes; Each runoff pond is communicated with the water delivering orifice of at least one described runoff collection tube.
4. runoff gathering-device as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that bottom, runoff pond is provided with drain groove, and this drain groove is communicated with outside, runoff pond.
5. runoff gathering-device as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that described runoff pond is a plurality of, and the drain groove in each runoff pond is connected to each other.
6. runoff gathering-device as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that described runoff pond is a cube structure, and drain groove is positioned at the bottom surface side edge in runoff pond.
7. runoff gathering-device as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that described runoff pond contains the water surface elevation scale mark.
8. runoff gathering-device as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that described runoff pond contains lid.
9. runoff gathering-device as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that also comprising at least one pump drainage pond, is connected with the water delivering orifice of described drain groove, is used to take in the footpath flow liquid that discharge in described runoff pond.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008101026770A CN101246093B (en) | 2008-03-25 | 2008-03-25 | Drain collecting pipe and device under paddy-upland rotation condition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008101026770A CN101246093B (en) | 2008-03-25 | 2008-03-25 | Drain collecting pipe and device under paddy-upland rotation condition |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101246093A CN101246093A (en) | 2008-08-20 |
| CN101246093B true CN101246093B (en) | 2010-12-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2008101026770A Expired - Fee Related CN101246093B (en) | 2008-03-25 | 2008-03-25 | Drain collecting pipe and device under paddy-upland rotation condition |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104792576A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-22 | 上海交通大学 | Runoff collecting and nitrogen-phosphorus monitoring system for rice-wheat rotation system |
| CN105136524B (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2018-01-05 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | A kind of moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device |
| CN106988267B (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2019-03-01 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of self-service plug-flow system and method for wall type |
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| DE19809370A1 (en) * | 1998-03-05 | 1999-09-23 | Mptec Ges Fuer Mobile Probenen | Tubular probe with connecting piece for sampling water, e.g. in wells or open land |
| CN1818603A (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2006-08-16 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Vadose water collector indry land |
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2008
- 2008-03-25 CN CN2008101026770A patent/CN101246093B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
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| DE19809370A1 (en) * | 1998-03-05 | 1999-09-23 | Mptec Ges Fuer Mobile Probenen | Tubular probe with connecting piece for sampling water, e.g. in wells or open land |
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