CN206300775U - A kind of dynamic water lifting sand experiment device simulated under seepage flow effect of vibration - Google Patents
A kind of dynamic water lifting sand experiment device simulated under seepage flow effect of vibration Download PDFInfo
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- CN206300775U CN206300775U CN201621404188.7U CN201621404188U CN206300775U CN 206300775 U CN206300775 U CN 206300775U CN 201621404188 U CN201621404188 U CN 201621404188U CN 206300775 U CN206300775 U CN 206300775U
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to opencast coal mining technical field, and in particular to the dynamic water lifting sand experiment device under a kind of simulation seepage flow effect of vibration.The utility model is by under experiment lab simulation high water head difference and effect of vibration, dynamic water under the conditions of the water fillings such as Decline or rise of groundwater level, rain infiltration takes sand process, obtain related anisotropy Penetration Signature parameter and the saturation regularity of distribution, observation pore structure and percolation path dynamic evolution and water sand migration process, so as to disclose water sand two phase flow migration rule and its saturation distribution character in layer of sand hole.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to opencast coal mining technical field, and in particular under a kind of simulation seepage flow-effect of vibration
Dynamic water lifting sand experiment device.
Background technology
During the opencast mining of China Inner Mongolia and the Northwest, the aqueous thick sand of a large amount of thin bedrock overlyings is faced
The composite slope of layer geological conditions, due to being influenceed by high water head difference, the seepage flow that the tiny sand grains in layer of sand is formed in hydraulic gradient
Under the effect of vibration such as power and open slope nearby vehicle load, ore deposit shake, explosion, transported in the seepage channel that sand grains hole is formed
Move, form water-sand two phase flow and carried outside outside slope by progressive, be piled up in earth's surface, the process cause porosity inside open slope by
It is cumulative big, the hole of large area is formed, there is latent erosion in inside, sand shear strength index is remarkably decreased, or even causes side slope
Destruction unstability, crisis perimeter security and production.
This class is the universal problem that is faced in surface mine exploitation by moving the disaster taken caused by sand process of water, its
Calamity mechanism is caused to be different from stream soil again(Sand), the gushing water in piping and underground mine exploitation bursts sand disaster.
The process acts on the Dynamic Evolution and layer of sand inner pore of the layer of sand internal structure of lower layer of sand with pore water pressure
Connect the percolation path formed with closure closely related;Imbibition characteristic with layer of sand is closely related;With the fortune of water-sand two phase flow
Move track closely related;It is closely related sand characteristic to be taken with the dynamic water of the anisotropy of layer of sand.Therefore, the imbibition characteristic of layer of sand and dynamic water
It is to disclose that sand characteristic, layer of sand internal structure are taken with the dynamic evolution rule of pore water pressure, the migration path rule of water-sand two phase flow
Dynamic water takes the key issue and difficult point that sand phenomenon causes calamity mechanism, and preventing and treating and engineering for relative all kinds of geological disasters are asked
The solution of topic all has great importance.
At present on move water take sand experimental provision it is relatively fewer, be concentrated mainly on piping, mine sudden flooding and burst the aspect such as sand,
Observed on layer of sand internal structure and percolation path, the acquisition that the imbibition characteristic of layer of sand and dynamic water take sand property dependent parameter is relative
It is more difficult, also need it is further perfect, especially for opencut composite slope high water head difference and effect of vibration under the influence of dynamic water take
Sand process study not yet launches, and the dynamic water of generation takes the dynamic water of the layer of sand internal structure after sand process, anisotropy and takes sand characteristic, migration
Path, the research of layer of sand internal structure and percolation path Dynamic Evolution needs to be goed deep into.
The content of the invention
For the problem that prior art is present, the utility model provides a kind of dynamic water simulated under seepage flow-effect of vibration and takes
Sand experimental provision, it is therefore an objective to by the way that under experiment lab simulation high water head difference and effect of vibration, Decline or rise of groundwater level, rainwater enter
The dynamic water under the conditions of water filling such as ooze and take sand process, the dynamic water for obtaining related anisotropy water yield and silt carrying capacity takes sand facies and closes ginseng
Number, and the saturation regularity of distribution, observation layer of sand internal structure and percolation path dynamic evolution and water-sand migration process, so as to take off
Show water in layer of sand inner structural features, hole-sand two phase flow migration rule and its saturation distribution character.
Realize that the dynamic water lifting sand experiment device under the simulation seepage flow-effect of vibration of the utility model purpose includes water filling system
System, vibration control system, experiment sandbox, collecting system and observation and data collecting system;
Wherein described flood pattern includes water storage tank, pressure maintaining valve, flowmeter and tachograph, and water tank bottom is provided with two
Flexible pipe in parallel, wherein pressure maintaining valve, flowmeter, tachograph and several shower nozzles are provided with a flexible pipe being filled as rainfall simulation
Put, pressure maintaining valve, flowmeter and tachograph are installed, and be connected by pipe fitting on another flexible pipe with experiment sandbox;
The vibration control system is made up of shake table and experiment sandbox support;
Described experiment sandbox casing uses transparent material, box outer surface to be carved with a millimeter scale, the front and side of casing
The first-class horizontal and vertical spacing in face is provided with the sand hole of taking of different-diameter, respectively takes sand hole inwall and is equipped with pore water pressure sensor,
Experiment sandbox casing is connected by pipe fitting with flood pattern and collecting system;
Described collecting system includes water-sand two-phase current processing device, self prime pump, flowmeter and tachograph, wherein
The water-sand two-phase current processing device is made up of water-sand collecting box, porous disc and water collection tank, and water-sand collecting box bottom is placed
Porous disc, porous disc lower section is water collection tank;Water-sand collecting box is taken sand hole and is connected by flexible pipe with experiment sandbox, water collection tank
It is connected with self prime pump by stainless steel waterpipe, flowmeter and tachograph is provided with stainless steel waterpipe, self prime pump is another
One end connects water storage tank by flexible pipe;
Described observation system is made up of real-time high power high-speed imaging device and support, and the data collecting system is by letter
Number collector is connected with computer, and signal picker is connected with pore water pressure sensor.
Wherein, described shake table is fixedly connected with experiment sandbox support with bolt.
Described pipe fitting is the variable flexible pipe of diameter, is matched with sand hole diameter is taken.
Described sand hole of taking is provided with rubber stopper when not being attached in hole position.
The method tested using the dynamic water lifting sand experiment device under above-mentioned simulation seepage flow-effect of vibration is according to following step
Suddenly carry out:
(1)Prepare layer of sand material in experiment sandbox:Sand sampling is carried out at coal mining open slope scene, is cleaned with water
Sample, filters out tiny sticky soil particle and impurity, retains the non-cohesive soil particle in soil sample, and drying to moisture content is zero, is claimed
Measure total dry sand quality;
Dry sand is sieved using sieve method, sieve and weigh particle size range more than 2mm, 2~0.5mm, 0.5~
The quality of 0.25mm, 0.25~0.075mm and the gravelly sand less than 0.075mm, coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand and flour sand, obtains each particle diameter
The sand sample of scope;
Each particle size range sand sample that will be screened out is configured to the sand sample of different gradation level according to different proportion, determines respectively
The dry density of sand sample, and the nonuniformity coefficient of each sand sample is obtained by calculatingAnd porosityn;
(2)Sanding in experiment sandbox:Before sanding, the whole tested on sandbox wall is first taken into sand hole respective aperture size
Rubber stopper is closed, and starts sanding, the sand sample matched somebody with somebody of specific level that experimental program is chosen by different open slopes scene geomorphologic conditions,
Uniform laying is formed in the natural slope of the experimental designs gradient bottom-up in experiment sandbox, and maximum sanding thickness is
The 3/4 of experiment sandbox height, minimum sanding thickness is that particle diameter one layer of 2mm of paving thick in the middle of test sandbox height 1/4, layer of sand is small
In the color sand of 0.075mm, the rubber taken with the corresponding single or multiple different pore sizes of level with sand sample level on sand hole position is taken out
Plug, and be connected sand hole is taken accordingly by pipe fitting with collecting system;
(3)Water filling:The opening and closing of flood pattern pressure maintaining valve is controlled, water injection rate water filling is empirically designed, simulated groundwater position becomes
Change, rainfall or the two carry out simultaneously, in the injecting process, by observational record test sandbox wall on scale layer of sand note
Saturation dynamic distribution and Dynamic Evolution during water, collection saturation distribution, after being filled to experimental design water
Close controlling valve;
(4)The dynamic water of simulation takes sand process:The valve that opening is connected with collecting system, until taking the water-sand two-phase in sand hole
Stream is flowed continually out to water-sand two-phase current processing device, is started dynamic water and is taken sand process, while enter water-filling-sand collecting, Vibration on Start-up control
System processed, sets the direction of vibration of shake table, adjusts coupled vibration parameter, simulates different type vibration condition, while by seeing
Examining system and data collecting system observation layer of sand inner structural features are developed and water-sand two phase flow transport tendency, by water-sand two
After phase current processing device enters water-filling-sand separation, overall process manual time-keeping is taken water-sand two-phase after sand process terminates after dynamic water
Current processing device is dismantled, and is dried after the water sand mixture in water-sand collecting box is weighed, is calculated dry sand amount and aqueous
Amount, and after weighing the water in water collection tank, count final water, sand flow output;
(5)Interpretation:During sand being taken by the water injection rate and the dynamic water of acquisition in every group of experimental designs
The relevant parameter such as water-sand flow output, the layer of sand inner structural features observed with reference to observation system and water-sand migration rule are obtained
To the Evolution of layer of sand internal structure, and water-sand two phase flow migration overall trend, and combine dynamic water and take after sand process terminates
Layer of sand inner structural features parameter, the dynamic water of analysis takes the mechanism of action between sand parameter and water-sand two phase flow entirety transport tendency;
(6)Repeat to test:Choose the sand sample that other grades are matched somebody with somebody, repeat step(2)~(5), until being all depicted including whole
Sand migration track inside the layer of sand matched somebody with somebody of level, and obtain layer of sand inner structural features and dynamic water under different condition and take sand facies and close ginseng
Number.
Wherein, described level of ground water control simulation water filling is to open the voltage stabilizing being connected with test sand box in flood pattern
Valve, controls with smaller water filling flow velocity water filling, every group of experiment empirically design water injection rate water filling.It is high by infiltration in the injecting process
Degree classification is carried out, and every grade is filled to the highly stable rear saturation distribution closed pressure maintaining valve, demarcate in layer of sand the injecting process of infiltration
Situation, the horizontal range L and the height H of water infiltration of the wetted area for obtaining are observed by front, are again turned on pressure maintaining valve, are repeated
The water of the different waters of above step classification injection, closes pressure maintaining valve.
Described rainfall simulation water filling is to open the pressure maintaining valve on rainfall simulator, by controlling water filling flow velocity to adjust
Rainfall intensity, rainfall, the infiltration process of rainwater during simulated atmosphere rainfall are tested by flowmeter control design case.
Described vibration parameters include direction of vibration, vibration frequency and amplitude.
Described different type vibration condition includes ore deposit shake, explosion and vehicular load.
Compared with prior art, the characteristics of the utility model and beneficial effect is:
(1)The utility model realizes the coupled vibration control parameter by adjusting vibration control system first, the shake of simulation ore deposit,
Water-sand two phase flow migration process, makes experiment condition be more nearly the reality around scene under the effect of vibration such as explosion, vehicular load
Environment.
(2)The flood pattern of the utility model design can be become by internal, outside different injection mode simulated groundwater position
Change process, atmospheric precipitation process and the process that both are carried out simultaneously, make experiment condition closer to the situation of change of nature water environment,
The layer of sand inside saturation regularity of distribution that can be observed respectively under every kind of water flooding regime simultaneously.
(3)The utility model is capable of achieving to be directed to different positions by the small spacing on experiment sandbox wall, multiple aperture drilling
Put, the dynamic water of the different single-points and multiple spot anisotropy taken under the conditions of sand hole footpath takes sand process observation and experiment.
(4)Flood pattern in the utility model can be realized recycling with the water in collecting system, save experimental water,
Improve conventional efficient.
The utility model can more truly reflect the actual water ring at opencut composite slope scene by above advantage
Dynamic water under border and vibration condition takes sand process, observation loose sand inner structural features and water-sand two phase flow migration, obtains each
The dynamic water of anisotropy takes sand characterisitic parameter and the saturation regularity of distribution, exploits safety for opencut composite slope and discloses dynamic water and takes
Sand cause calamity mechanism has directive significance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the dynamic water lifting sand experiment structure drawing of device under simulation seepage flow-effect of vibration of the present utility model;
Wherein:1:Water storage tank;2:Pressure maintaining valve; 3:Flowmeter; 4:Tachograph; 5:Rainfall simulator; 6:Experiment sand
Case; 7:Support; 8:Shake table; 9:Valve; 10:Water-sand two-phase current processing device; 11:Self prime pump; 12:Data
Acquisition system; 13:Observation system;
Fig. 2 is the test sand box schematic diagram in Fig. 1;
Wherein:61:Take sand hole;
Fig. 3 is Fig. 1 reclaimed waters-sand two-phase current processing device schematic diagram;
Wherein 101:Detachable water sand collecting box;102:Porous disc;103:Water collection tank;
Fig. 4 is the saturation distribution map of the utility model embodiment;
Fig. 5 is that the water-sand of the utility model embodiment moves integrally tendency chart.
Specific embodiment
The shake table model ZH/ZD-F used in the utility model embodiment;Data collecting system uses model
ZKXT moves static data acquisition system;The real-time high power high-speed imaging device model for using is OS10-4K.
The utility model embodiment simulation seepage flow-effect of vibration under dynamic water lifting sand experiment device as shown in Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 3,
Including flood pattern, vibration control system, experiment sandbox, collecting system and observation and data collecting system;
Wherein described flood pattern includes water storage tank 1, pressure maintaining valve 2, flowmeter 3 and tachograph 4, and the bottom of water storage tank 1 sets
There are two flexible pipes of parallel connection, wherein being provided with pressure maintaining valve 2, flowmeter 3, tachograph 4 and several shower nozzle conducts on a flexible pipe
Rainfall simulator 5, is provided with pressure maintaining valve 2, flowmeter 3 and tachograph 4, and be connected with experiment sandbox 6 on another flexible pipe;
The vibration control system is made up of shake table 8 and experiment sandbox support 7;
The described casing of experiment sandbox 6 uses transparent material, box outer surface to be carved with a millimeter scale, the unilateral front of casing
And the first-class horizontal and vertical spacing in side be provided with different-diameter take sand hole 61, respectively take the inwall of sand hole 61 and be equipped with pore water pressure
Sensor, the experiment casing of sandbox 6 is connected by pipe fitting with flood pattern and collecting system;
Described collecting system includes water-sand two-phase current processing device 10, self prime pump 11, flowmeter 3 and tachograph
4, wherein the water-sand two-phase current processing device 10 is made up of water-sand collecting box 101, porous disc 102 and water collection tank 103,
Porous disc 102 is placed in water-bottom of sand collecting box 101, and the lower section of porous disc 102 is water collection tank 103;Water-sand collecting box 101 passes through
Pipe fitting is taken sand hole 61 and is connected with experiment sandbox, and water collection tank 103 is connected by stainless steel waterpipe with self prime pump 11, stainless steel
Flowmeter 3 and tachograph 4 are provided with water pipe, the other end of self prime pump 11 connects water storage tank 1 by pipe fitting;
Described observation system 13 is made up of real-time high power high-speed imaging device and support, and the data collecting system 12 is led to
Cross signal picker to be connected with computer, signal picker is connected with pore water pressure sensor.
Wherein, described shake table 8 is fixedly connected with experiment sandbox support 7 with bolt.
Described pipe fitting is the variable flexible pipe of diameter, is matched with the diameter of sand hole 61 is taken.
The method that the present embodiment is tested using the dynamic water lifting sand experiment device under above-mentioned simulation seepage flow-effect of vibration by
Carried out according to following steps:
(1)Prepare layer of sand material in experiment sandbox:The present embodiment takes at the quick opencut scene of Inner Mongol gouy to carrying out sand
Sample, uses water cleaning sample, filters out tiny sticky particle and impurity, retains the non-adhesive particles in sand, drying to moisture content
It is zero, weighs total dry sand quality;
Dry sand is sieved using sieve method, first screens out particle diameter more than 2mm, the particle less than 0.075mm is sieved and claimed
Amount particle size range more than 2mm, 2~0.5mm, 0.5~0.25mm, 0.25~0.075mm and the gravelly sand less than 0.075mm, coarse sand,
The quality of middle sand, fine sand and flour sand, obtains the sand sample of each particle size range;
Particle size range is chosen in 0.25~0.075mm sand samples, the uniformly-graded fine sand 10kg of modulus of fineness 2.2~1.6 is prepared,
Dry density is measured for 1.7g/cm3, and the nonuniformity coefficient of each sand sample is obtained by calculating=4.2, porosity n=0.41;
(2)Sanding in experiment sandbox:Before sanding, the whole tested on sandbox wall is first taken into sand hole respective aperture size
Rubber stopper is closed, and starts sanding, and the particle size range that experimental program is chosen prepares modulus of fineness in 0.25~0.075mm sand samples
2.2~1.6 uniformly-graded fine sands, uniform laying is formed in the natural slope of certain slope bottom-up in experiment sandbox,
Maximum sanding thickness is test sandbox height 3/4, and minimum sanding thickness is paving one in the middle of test sandbox height 1/2, layer of sand
Layer 2mm thick color sand of the particle diameter less than 0.075mm, takes out the rubber stopper taken in sand hole hole position of aperture 4mm, will take sand hole with collection
Water system is connected by pipe fitting;
(3)Water filling:The opening and closing of flood pattern pressure maintaining valve is controlled, level of ground water control simulation water filling is carried out, water filling system is opened
The pressure maintaining valve being connected with test sand box in system, control water filling flow velocity is in 0.1~0.2ml/s scopes with compared with low discharge water filling, every group
Test the different injection amount water filling in empirically design.Carried out by infiltration stepped height in the injecting process, every grade is filled to
Infiltration is highly stable in 1cm, closes pressure maintaining valve, and the saturation distribution situation demarcated in layer of sand the injecting process is observed by front
The horizontal range L of the wetted area of the acquisition and height H of water infiltration, is again turned on pressure maintaining valve, repeats above step classification injection
The water of different waters, closes pressure maintaining valve, saturation distribution situation is drawn, as shown in figure 4, every group of experiment water filling is independently carried out;
(4)The dynamic water of simulation takes sand process:The valve that opening is connected with collecting system, until taking the water-sand two-phase in sand hole
Stream is flowed continually out to water-sand two-phase current processing device, is started dynamic water and is taken sand process, while enter water-filling-sand collecting, Vibration on Start-up control
System processed, adjustment vibration mode is sinusoidal vertical vibration, 0.5~30hz of vibration frequency range, 5~20mm of amplitude, simulation
Traffic loading, while observe layer of sand inner structural features by observation system and data collecting system developing and water-sand two
Transport tendency is mutually flowed, after water-sand two-phase current processing device carries out water-sand separation, overall process manual time-keeping, water to be moved is taken
Sand process dismantles water-sand two-phase current processing device after terminating, and is dried after the water sand mixture in water-sand collecting box is weighed
Do, calculate dry sand amount and water content, and after weighing the water in water collection tank, count final water, sand flow output, such as table 1
It is shown;
(5)Interpretation:Dynamic water according to being obtained in table 1 takes water-sand flow output and the water injection rate phase during sand
Related parameter, the layer of sand inner structural features observed with reference to observation system and water-sand migration path, to step(1)And step(4)'s
Primary particles level is matched somebody with somebody and dynamic water is taken sand characterisitic parameter result and is analyzed, and obtains the Evolution of layer of sand internal structure, and such as Fig. 5
Shown water-sand migration overall trend, can take sand process and terminate rear layer of sand inner structural features parameter, the dynamic water of analysis with reference to dynamic water
Take the correlation and the mechanism of action between sand parameter and water-sand entirety transport tendency;
The dynamic water of analysis anisotropy takes sand parameter sand production rate, water yield and water sand total amount and generalized Lorenz equations(1)In
The corresponding relation existed between control parameter, discloses control parameter a4 and levels off to the ratio for taking sand production rate and water yield in the present embodiment
Value, and control parameter a5 levels off to water yield and the ratio of the water sand total amount carried outside.
(1)
(6)Repeat to test:Choose the sand sample that other grades are matched somebody with somebody, repeat step(2)~(5), until being all depicted including whole
Sand migration track inside the layer of sand matched somebody with somebody of level, and obtain layer of sand inner structural features and dynamic water under different condition and take sand facies and close ginseng
Number.
Claims (4)
1. it is a kind of simulate seepage flow-effect of vibration under dynamic water lifting sand experiment device, it is characterised in that including flood pattern, vibration control
System processed, experiment sandbox, collecting system and observation and data collecting system;
Wherein described flood pattern includes water storage tank, pressure maintaining valve, flowmeter and tachograph, and water tank bottom is provided with two parallel connections
Flexible pipe, wherein be provided with pressure maintaining valve, flowmeter, tachograph and several shower nozzles on a flexible pipe as rainfall simulator,
Pressure maintaining valve, flowmeter and tachograph are installed on another flexible pipe, and are connected by pipe fitting with experiment sandbox;
The vibration control system is made up of shake table and experiment sandbox support;
Described experiment sandbox casing uses transparent material, box outer surface to be carved with a millimeter scale, the unilateral front of casing and side
The first-class horizontal and vertical spacing in face is provided with the sand hole of taking of different-diameter, respectively takes sand hole inwall and is equipped with pore water pressure sensor,
Experiment sandbox casing is connected by pipe fitting with flood pattern and collecting system;
Described collecting system includes water-sand two-phase current processing device, self prime pump, flowmeter and tachograph, wherein described
Water-sand two-phase current processing device is made up of water-sand collecting box, porous disc and water collection tank, and water-sand collecting box bottom is placed permeable
Plate, porous disc lower section is water collection tank;Water-sand collecting box is taken sand hole and is connected by flexible pipe with experiment sandbox, and water collection tank passes through
Stainless steel waterpipe is connected with self prime pump, and flowmeter and tachograph, the self prime pump other end are provided with stainless steel waterpipe
Water storage tank is connected by flexible pipe;
Described observation system is made up of real-time high power high-speed imaging device and support, and the data collecting system is adopted by signal
Storage is connected with computer, and signal picker is connected with pore water pressure sensor.
2. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of simulate seepage flow-effect of vibration under dynamic water lifting sand experiment device, it is characterised in that
Described shake table is fixedly connected with experiment sandbox support with bolt.
3. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of simulate seepage flow-effect of vibration under dynamic water lifting sand experiment device, it is characterised in that
Described pipe fitting is the variable flexible pipe of diameter, is matched with sand hole diameter is taken.
4. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of simulate seepage flow-effect of vibration under dynamic water lifting sand experiment device, it is characterised in that
Described sand hole of taking is provided with rubber stopper when not being attached in hole position.
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CN106768840A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-05-31 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of dynamic water lifting sand experiment device and method simulated under seepage flow effect of vibration |
CN108828189A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-16 | 成都理工大学 | A kind of method that simulated groundwater induces soil slope instability |
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Cited By (6)
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CN106768840A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-05-31 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of dynamic water lifting sand experiment device and method simulated under seepage flow effect of vibration |
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CN108828189A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-16 | 成都理工大学 | A kind of method that simulated groundwater induces soil slope instability |
CN109374491A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-02-22 | 中国海洋大学 | Simulate the water tank device that sea bed liquefaction seepage power supports lower sediment gravity flow process |
CN109374491B (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-12-29 | 中国海洋大学 | Basin device for simulating gravity flow process of sediment supported by seabed liquefaction seepage force |
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