AU2020104397A4 - Experimental Facility and Method for Simulating Hydrodynamic Sand Carrying under Coupled Action of Seepage and Vibration - Google Patents
Experimental Facility and Method for Simulating Hydrodynamic Sand Carrying under Coupled Action of Seepage and Vibration Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 232
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 244000035744 Hura crepitans Species 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
- G01M7/022—Vibration control arrangements, e.g. for generating random vibrations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
- G01N2001/383—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples collecting and diluting in a flow of liquid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of open-pit coal mining, and
particularly relates to an experimental facility and a method for simulating
hydrodynamic sand carrying under coupled action of seepage and vibration. The
invention aims at obtaining relevant anisotropic permeability parameters and
distribution rules of infiltration lines by simulating a hydrodynamic sand carrying
process underwater injection conditions such as rise and fall of groundwater level and
rainwater infiltration under the action of high head difference and vibration in a
laboratory, and observing the dynamic evolution of pore structures and seepage paths
and the water-sand migration process, thereby revealing the migration rules of water
sand two-phase flow and the distribution characteristics of infiltration lines.
1/2
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Fig.15
61 '
,. 0- -- - - - -- - - -- - -
Fig.21
Description
1/2
34
Fig.15
61 '
,. 0- -- - - - -- - - -- - -
Fig.21
Experimental Facility and Method for Simulating Hydrodynamic
Sand Carrying under Coupled Action of Seepage and Vibration
The invention belongs to the technical field of open-pit coal mining, and particularly
relates to an experimental facility and a method for simulating hydrodynamic sand carrying
under coupled action of seepage and vibration.
During open-pit mining in Inner Mongolia and Northwest China, there are a large
number of composite slopes under the geological conditions of thin bedrock overlaid with
sand layers. Due to the influence of high head difference, fine sand particles in thick sand
layers migrate in seepage channels formed by sand pores under the seepage force
formed by hydraulic gradient, and under vibration effects of vehicle loads, mine earthquake
and blasting around the open-pit slopes, forming a water-sand two-phase flow that is
gradually carried out of the slopes, resulting in gradual erosion inside the slopes and
accumulation on the surface.
Such disasters caused by hydrodynamic sand carrying processes are common
problems in open-pit mining, and the disaster-causing mechanism thereof is different from
that of flowing soil (quicksand), piping as well as water inrush and sand inrush in
underground mining.
The process leads to a gradual increase in porosity within the open-pit slopes, gradual
formation of large voids, a significant decrease in the shear strength index of sand, and
even failure and instability of the slopes.
The process is closely related to the dynamic evolution of pore structures in the sand
layers under the action of pore water pressure, and seepage paths formed by the
connection and closure of the pore structures; wettability of the sand layers; migration
tracks of water-sand two-phase flow; and anisotropic permeability of the sand layers.
Therefore, the wettability and permeability of sand layers, dynamic evolution rules of pore
structures with pore water pressure, and migration track rules of water-sand two-phase
flow are the key issues and difficulties in revealing the disaster-causing mechanism of
hydrodynamic sand carrying, which are of great significance for the prevention and control
of various geological disasters and the solution of engineering problems.
At present, there are relatively few experimental facilities on hydrodynamic sand
carrying, which mainly focus on piping, water inrush and sand inrush in mines. It is
relatively difficult to observe pore structures and seepage paths, and to obtain parameters
related to the wettability and permeability of sand layers, and further improvement is
required. Particularly, the research on hydrodynamic sand carrying process under the
influence of high head difference and vibration of composite slopes in open-pit mines has
not yet been carried out, and further researches on migration tracks of hydrodynamic sand
carrying, anisotropic permeability, dynamic evolution of pore structures and seepage paths
at the microscopic scale are required.
In view of problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides an experimental
facility and a method for simulating hydrodynamic sand carrying under coupled action of
seepage and vibration, aiming at obtaining relevant anisotropic permeability parameters
and distribution rules of infiltration lines by simulating a hydrodynamic sand carrying process under water injection conditions such as rise and fall of groundwater level and rainwater infiltration under the action of high head difference and vibration in a laboratory, and observing the dynamic evolution of pore structures and seepage paths and the water-sand migration process, thereby revealing the migration rules of water-sand two-phase flow and the distribution characteristics of infiltration lines.
The experimental facility for simulating hydrodynamic sand carrying under coupled
action of seepage and vibration for realizing the purpose of the invention comprises a
water injection system, a vibration control system, a sand box, a water collection system,
an observation system and a data acquisition system;
wherein the water injection system comprises a water storage tank, regulator valves,
flowmeters and hydrodynamometers, wherein two parallel hoses are arranged at the
bottom of the water storage tank, one hose is provided with a regulator valve, a flowmeter,
a hydrodynamometer and a plurality of nozzles as a rainfall simulator, and the other hose
is provided with a regulator valve, a flowmeter and a hydrodynamometer and connected
with sand carrying holes of the sand box;
the vibration control system consists of a vibrostand and a sand box support;
the sand box has a box body made of a transparent material, wherein the outer
surface of the box body is engraved with millimeter scales, sand carrying holes with
different diameters are arranged horizontally and vertically on the front and sides of the
box body, a pore water pressure sensor is arranged on an inner wall of each of the sand
carrying holes, and the box body of the sand box is connected with the water injection
system and the water collection system through the sand carrying holes;
the water collection system comprises a water-sand two-phase flow treatment device, a self-priming pump, a flowmeter and a hydrodynamometer, wherein the water-sand two-phase flow treatment device consists of a water-sand collection box, a permeable plate and a water collection box, the permeable plate is arranged at the bottom of the water-sand collection box, and the water collection box is arranged below the permeable plate; the water-sand collection box is connected with the sand carrying holes of the sand box through a hose, and the water collection box is connected with the self-priming pump through a stainless steel pipe which is provided with a flowmeter and a hydrodynamometer, and the other end of the self-priming pump is connected with the water storage tank through a hose; the observation system consists of a real-time high-power high-speed imaging device and a support; and the data acquisition system is connected with a computer through a signal collector connected with the pore water pressure sensor.
The vibrostand is fixedly connected with the sand box support by bolts.
The diameter of the hose is variable and matched with the diameter of the sand
carrying holes.
The sand carrying holes are equipped with corks at hole sites when not connected.
A method for carrying out an experiment by using the experimental facility for
simulating hydrodynamic sand carrying under coupled action of seepage and vibration
comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sand layer material in the sand box: taking a sand sample from an
open-pit coal mining slope site, washing the sample with water, filtering out fine cohesive
particles, retaining non-cohesive particles in the sand, drying until the moisture content is
zero, and weighing the total mass of dry sand; screening the dry sand by a screening method to remove particles with the particle size larger than 2mm and smaller than 0.075mm, screening and weighing masses of gravelly sand, coarse sand, medium sand, fine sand and silt with the particle size larger than 2mm, from 2 to 0.5mm, from 0.5 to 0.25mm, from 0.25 to 0.075mm, and smaller than
0.075mm to obtain sand samples of different particle sizes;
preparing the screened sand samples of different particle sizes into sand samples at
different grading levels in different proportions, measuring the dry density of the sand
samples respectively, and calculating the coefficient of non-uniformity C,, coefficient of
curvature Cc and porosity n of each sand sample for particle grading analysis;
(2) spreading sand in the sand box: before spreading sand, sealing all sand carrying
holes on the wall of the sand box with rubber plugs with corresponding aperture sizes,
then starting spreading sand, spreading the sand samples at a specific grading selected
by an experimental scheme uniformly in the sand box from the bottom up to form a natural
slope with a certain gradient, with the maximum sand spreading thickness being 3/4 of the
height of the sand box and the minimum sand spreading thickness being 1/4 of the height
of the sand box, then spreading a layer of 2mm thick color sand at the same grading in the
middle of the sand layer, taking out the rubber plugs from one or more sand carrying holes
with different apertures corresponding to the grading level of the sand samples, and
connecting the corresponding sand carrying holes with the water collection system through
a reducer hose;
(3) injecting water: controlling the opening and closing of the regulator valve of the
water injection system, injecting water for simulating groundwater level control and/or
rainfall, during water injection, calibrating the dynamic distribution rules and dynamic evolution of infiltration lines in the sand layer during water injection by observing and recording scales on the wall of the sand box, collecting the distribution of infiltration lines, and closing the regulator valve after water injection;
(4) simulating a hydrodynamic sand carrying process: opening the regulator valve until
the water-sand two-phase flow in the sand carrying holes continuously flows out to the
water-sand two-phase flow treatment device, starting the hydrodynamic sand carrying
process and collecting water-sand, starting the vibration control system, setting the
vibration direction of the vibrostand, adjusting vibration parameters, simulating different
types of vibration conditions, and observing migration tracks of the sand samples and the
color sand through the observation system and the data acquisition system, measuring
water-sand outflow by the water-sand two-phase flow treatment device, timing with a
stopwatch in the whole process, dismounting the water-sand two-phase flow treatment
device after the measurement, and carrying out particle grading analysis;
(5) analyzing experimental results: observing the evolution of pore structures in the
sand layer through the observation system, describing the migration tracks of color sand
particles, collecting pore water pressure from the pore water pressure sensor, and
analyzing the mechanism of action of changes in the pore water pressure and the
evolution of the pore structures; and
(6) repeating the experiment: selecting sand samples at other gradings, and repeating
steps (2) to (5) until all the sand migration tracks in the sand layer including all gradings
are described.
The step of injecting water for simulating groundwater level control comprises steps of
opening the regulator valve on the hose between the water storage tank and the sand box, controlling water injection at a low flow rate, closing the regulator valve after the water is injected to the experimental design water level through the flowmeter, standing for a certain time until the sand layer is fully infiltrated, opening the regulator valve again when the maximum infiltration height is observed to be 1cm, repeating the above steps for graded water injection until the water level is 2cm higher than the sand layer, then closing the regulator valve, and standing until the water level in the sand box is stable to achieve a saturation process of the sand layer.
The step of injecting water for simulating rainfall comprises steps of opening the
regulator valve on the rainfall simulator, adjusting the rainfall intensity by controlling the
water injection flow rate, controlling the designed experimental precipitation through the
flowmeter, and simulating an infiltration process of rainwater during atmospheric rainfall.
The vibration parameters comprise vibration frequency and amplitude.
The different types of vibration conditions comprise on-site mine earthquakes, blasting
and vehicle loads.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics and
beneficial effects:
(1) The invention simulates a water-sand two-phase flow migration process under the
vibration effects of mine earthquakes, blasting and vehicle loads for the first time by
adjusting relevant vibration control parameters of the vibration control system, so that the
experimental conditions are closer to the actual environment around the site.
(2) The water injection system designed by the invention can simulate a groundwater
level rise and fall process, an atmospheric rainfall process, and a groundwater level and
rainfall infiltration process by different internal and external water injection modes, so that the experimental conditions are closer to changes in the natural water environment, and the distribution rules of infiltration lines in sand layers in each water injection mode can be observed respectively.
(3) In the invention, single-point and multi-point anisotropic hydrodynamic sand
carrying processes can be observed and tested for different positions and different sand
carrying hole apertures through closely spaced multi-aperture holes in the wall of the sand
box.
With the above advantages, the invention can more truly reflect the actual water
environment on the site of the open-pit composite slope and the hydrodynamic sand
carrying process under vibration conditions, and observe water-sand migration rules,
anisotropic permeability and characteristics of infiltration distribution in loose sand layers,
which has guiding significance for the mining of the open-pit composite slope.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of an experimental facility for simulating hydrodynamic
sand carrying under coupled action of seepage and vibration of the invention;
in which, 1: water storage tank; 2: regulator valve; 3: flowmeter; 4: hydrodynamometer; 5:
rainfall simulator; 6: sand box; 7: support; 8: vibrostand; 9: valve; 10: water-sand
two-phase flow treatment device; 11: self-priming pump; 12: data acquisition system; 13:
observation system;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the sand box in Fig. 1;
in which, 61: sand carrying holes;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the water-sand two-phase flow treatment device in Fig.
1; in which, 101: detachable water-sand collection box; 102: permeable plate; 103: water collection box;
Fig. 4 is a diagram of infiltrating distribution according to an embodiment of the invention;
and
Fig. 5 is an overall trend chart of water-sand migration tracks according to an
embodiment of the invention.
The brand model of the vibrostand used in an embodiment of the invention is ZH/ZD-F
supplied by Shanghai Zhichou Instruments & Equipment Co., Ltd.; the data acquisition
system is a ZKXT wireless dynamic and static data acquisition system supplied by
Shanghai Kaiyan Testing Equipment Co., Ltd.; and the model of the real-time high-power
high-speed imaging device used is OS10-4K.
As shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, the experimental facility for simulating hydrodynamic
sand carrying under coupled action of seepage and vibration according to an embodiment
of the invention comprises a water injection system, a vibration control system, a sand box,
a water collection system, an observation system and a data acquisition system.
The water injection system comprises a water storage tank 1, regulator valves 2,
flowmeters 3 and hydrodynamometers 4, wherein two parallel hoses are arranged at the
bottom of the water storage tank 1, one hose is provided with a regulator valve 2, a
flowmeter 3, a hydrodynamometer 4 and a plurality of nozzles as a rainfall simulator 5, and
the other hose is provided with a regulator valve 2, a flowmeter 3 and a
hydrodynamometer 4 and connected with sand carrying holes 61 of the sand box 6;
the vibration control system consists of a vibrostand 8 and a sand box support 7; the sand box 6 has a box body made of a transparent material, wherein the outer surface of the box body is engraved with millimeter scales, sand carrying holes 61 with different diameters are arranged horizontally and vertically on the front and sides of the box body, a pore water pressure sensor is arranged on an inner wall of each of the sand carrying holes 61, and the box body of the sand box 6 is connected with the water injection system and the water collection system through the sand carrying holes 61; the water collection system comprises a water-sand two-phase flow treatment device
, a self-priming pump 11, a flowmeter 3 and a hydrodynamometer 4, wherein the
water-sand two-phase flow treatment device 10 consists of a water-sand collection box
101, a permeable plate 102 and a water collection box 103, the permeable plate 102 is
arranged at the bottom of the water-sand collection box 101, and the water collection box
103 is arranged below the permeable plate 102; the water-sand collection box 101 is
connected with the sand carrying holes 61 of the sand box through a hose, and the water
collection box 103 is connected with the self-priming pump 11 through a stainless steel
pipe which is provided with a flowmeter 3 and a hydrodynamometer 4, and the other end
of the self-priming pump 11 is connected with the water storage tank 1 through a hose;
the observation system 13 consists of a real-time high-power high-speed imaging
device and a support; and the data acquisition system 12 is connected with a computer
through a signal collector connected with the pore water pressure sensor.
The vibrostand 8 is fixedly connected with the sand box support 7 by bolts.
The diameter of the hose is variable and matched with the diameter of the sand
carrying holes 61.
In the embodiment, a method for carrying out an experiment by using the experimental facility for simulating hydrodynamic sand carrying under coupled action of seepage and vibration comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sand layer material in the sand box: taking a sand sample from Yimin
Open-pit Mine in Inner Mongolia, washing the sample with water, filtering out fine cohesive
particles, retaining non-cohesive particles in the sand, drying until the moisture content is
zero, and weighing the total mass of dry sand;
screening the dry sand by a screening method to remove particles with the particle
size larger than 2mm and smaller than 0.075mm, screening and weighing masses of
gravelly sand, coarse sand, medium sand, fine sand and silt with the particle size larger
than 2mm, from 2 to 0.5mm, from 0.5 to 0.25mm, from 0.25 to 0.075mm, and smaller than
0.075mm to obtain sand samples of different particle sizes;
selecting sand samples with particle size from 0.25 to 0.075mm, preparing 10kg of
uniformly graded fine sand with fineness modulus of 2.2 - 1.6, measuring the dry density to
be 1.7g/cm 3 , and calculating the coefficient of non-uniformity C,=4.2 and porosity n=0.41
of each sand sample for particle grading analysis;
(2) spreading sand in the sand box: before spreading sand, sealing all sand carrying
holes on the wall of the sand box with rubber plugs with corresponding aperture sizes,
then starting spreading sand, spreading the sand samples at a specific grading selected
by an experimental scheme uniformly in the sand box from the bottom up to form a natural
slope with a certain gradient, with the maximum sand spreading thickness being 3/4 of the
height of the sand box and the minimum sand spreading thickness being 1/4 of the height
of the sand box, then spreading a layer of 2mm thick color sand with particle size smaller
than 0.075mm in the middle of the sand layer, taking out the rubber plugs from sand carrying holes with aperture of 4mm, and connecting the sand carrying holes with the water collection system through a reducer hose;
(3) injecting water: controlling the opening and closing of the regulator valve of the
water injection system, injecting water for simulating groundwater level control, opening
the regulator valve connected with the sand box in the water injection system, controlling
the water injection flow rate at 0.1 - 0.2ml/s and injecting water at a low flow rate to a
infiltration height of 1cm, closing the regulator valve, calibrating the distribution of
infiltration lines during water injection of the sand layer when the maximum infiltration
height is 10cm, observing the horizontal distance L of the resulting infiltration area and the
water infiltration height H from the front, then opening the regulator valve again, repeating
the above steps for graded water injection to different heights, and closing the regulator
valve to obtain the distribution of infiltration lines, as shown in Fig. 4;
(4) simulating a hydrodynamic sand carrying process: opening the regulator valve until
the water-sand two-phase flow in the sand carrying holes continuously flows out to the
water-sand two-phase flow treatment device, starting the hydrodynamic sand carrying
process and collecting water-sand, starting the vibration control system, adjusting the
vibration mode to vertical vibration with vibration frequency of 0.5 to 20hz and amplitude of
2mm, and observing migration tracks of the sand samples and the color sand through the
observation system and the data acquisition system, measuring water-sand outflow by the
water-sand two-phase flow treatment device, as shown in Table 1, timing with a stopwatch
in the whole process, dismounting the water-sand two-phase flow treatment device after
the measurement, and carrying out particle grading analysis;
Table 1 Water-sand two-phase outflow in the hydrodynamic sand carrying process
Water injection height Total mass of Mass of Mass of
water and sand/g sand/g water/g
Group 1 (water injection height 0) 20.03 20.03 0
Group 2 (water injection height 0.85 0.66 0.19
2.5cm)
Group 3 (water injection height 5cm) 12.47 8.1 4.37
Group 4 (water injection height 70.58 48.18 22.4
7.5cm)
Group 5 (water injection height 10cm) 206.13 142.8 63.33
Group 6 (water injection height 969.37 658.61 310.76
11.5cm)
Group 7 (water injection height 13cm) 3049.87 2094.37 955.5
Group 8 (water injection height 4165.38 2827.87 1337.51
14.5cm)
Group 9 (water injection height 16cm) 6066.34 4081.05 1985.29
(5) analyzing experimental results: observing the migration tracks of color sand
particles based on Table 1 and the observation system, and comparing the two particle
grading analyses in step (1) and step (4) to obtain the evolution of pore structures of
particles in the sand layer and the overall trend of water-sand migration as shown in Fig. 5,
collecting pore water pressure from the pore water pressure sensor, and analyzing the
mechanism of action of changes in the pore water pressure and the evolution of the pore
structures; and
(6) repeating the experiment: selecting sand samples at other gradings, and repeating
steps (2) to (5) until all the sand migration tracks in the sand layer including all gradings are described.
Claims (9)
1. An experimental facility for simulating hydrodynamic sand carrying under coupled
action of seepage and vibration, characterized by comprising a water injection system, a
vibration control system, a sand box, a water collection system, an observation system
and a data acquisition system;
wherein the water injection system comprises a water storage tank, regulator valves,
flowmeters and hydrodynamometers, wherein two parallel hoses are arranged at the
bottom of the water storage tank, one hose is provided with a regulator valve, a flowmeter,
a hydrodynamometer and a plurality of nozzles as a rainfall simulator, and the other hose
is provided with a regulator valve, a flowmeter and a hydrodynamometer and connected
with sand carrying holes of the sand box;
the vibration control system consists of a vibrostand and a sand box support;
the sand box has a box body made of a transparent material, wherein the outer
surface of the box body is engraved with millimeter scales, sand carrying holes with
different diameters are arranged horizontally and vertically on the front and sides of the
box body, a pore water pressure sensor is arranged on an inner wall of each of the sand
carrying holes, and the box body of the sand box is connected with the water injection
system and the water collection system through the sand carrying holes;
the water collection system comprises a water-sand two-phase flow treatment device,
a self-priming pump, a flowmeter and a hydrodynamometer, wherein the water-sand
two-phase flow treatment device consists of a water-sand collection box, a permeable
plate and a water collection box, the permeable plate is arranged at the bottom of the
water-sand collection box, and the water collection box is arranged below the permeable plate; the water-sand collection box is connected with the sand carrying holes of the sand box through a hose, and the water collection box is connected with the self-priming pump through a stainless steel pipe which is provided with a flowmeter and a hydrodynamometer, and the other end of the self-priming pump is connected with the water storage tank through a hose; the observation system consists of a real-time high-power high-speed imaging device and a support; and the data acquisition system is connected with a computer through a signal collector connected with the pore water pressure sensor.
2. The experimental facility for simulating hydrodynamic sand carrying under coupled
action of seepage and vibration according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibrostand
is fixedly connected with the sand box support by bolts.
3. The experimental facility for simulating hydrodynamic sand carrying under coupled
action of seepage and vibration according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of
the hose is variable and matched with the diameter of the sand carrying holes.
4. The experimental facility for simulating hydrodynamic sand carrying under coupled
action of seepage and vibration according to claim 1, characterized in that the sand
carrying holes are equipped with corks at hole sites when not connected.
5. A method for simulating a hydrodynamic sand carrying experiment under coupled
action of seepage and vibration by using the experimental facility for simulating
hydrodynamic sand carrying under coupled action of seepage and vibration according to
claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a sand layer material in the sand box: taking a sand sample from an
open-pit coal mining slope site, washing the sample with water, filtering out fine cohesive particles, retaining non-cohesive particles in the sand, drying until the moisture content is zero, and weighing the total mass of dry sand; screening the dry sand by a screening method to remove particles with the particle size larger than 2mm and smaller than 0.075mm, screening and weighing masses of gravelly sand, coarse sand, medium sand, fine sand and silt with the particle size larger than 2mm, from 2 to 0.5mm, from 0.5 to 0.25mm, from 0.25 to 0.075mm, and smaller than
0.075mm to obtain sand samples of different particle sizes;
preparing the screened sand samples of different particle sizes into sand samples at
different grading levels in different proportions, measuring the dry density of the sand
samples respectively, and calculating the coefficient of non-uniformity C,, coefficient of
curvature Cc and porosity n of each sand sample for particle grading analysis;
(2) spreading sand in the sand box: before spreading sand, sealing all sand carrying
holes on the wall of the sand box with rubber plugs with corresponding aperture sizes,
then starting spreading sand, spreading the sand samples at a specific grading selected
by an experimental scheme uniformly in the sand box from the bottom up to form a natural
slope with a certain gradient, with the maximum sand spreading thickness being 3/4 of the
height of the sand box and the minimum sand spreading thickness being 1/4 of the height
of the sand box, then spreading a layer of 2mm thick color sand at the same grading in the
middle of the sand layer, taking out the rubber plugs from one or more sand carrying holes
with different apertures corresponding to the grading level of the sand samples, and
connecting the corresponding sand carrying holes with the water collection system through
a reducer hose;
(3) injecting water: controlling the opening and closing of the regulator valve of the water injection system, injecting water for simulating groundwater level control and/or rainfall, during water injection, calibrating the dynamic distribution rules and dynamic evolution of infiltration lines in the sand layer during water injection by observing and recording scales on the wall of the sand box, collecting the distribution of infiltration lines, and closing the regulator valve after water injection;
(4) simulating a hydrodynamic sand carrying process: opening the regulator valve until
the water-sand two-phase flow in the sand carrying holes continuously flows out to the
water-sand two-phase flow treatment device, starting the hydrodynamic sand carrying
process and collecting water-sand, starting the vibration control system, setting the
vibration direction of the vibrostand, adjusting vibration parameters, simulating different
types of vibration conditions, and observing migration tracks of the sand samples and the
color sand through the observation system and the data acquisition system, measuring
water-sand outflow by the water-sand two-phase flow treatment device, timing with a
stopwatch in the whole process, dismounting the water-sand two-phase flow treatment
device after the measurement, and carrying out particle grading analysis;
(5) analyzing experimental results: observing the evolution of pore structures in the
sand layer through the observation system, describing the migration tracks of color sand
particles, collecting pore water pressure from the pore water pressure sensor, and
analyzing the mechanism of action of changes in the pore water pressure and the
evolution of the pore structures; and
(6) repeating the experiment: selecting sand samples at other gradings, and repeating
steps (2) to (5) until all the sand migration tracks in the sand layer including all gradings
are described.
6. The method for simulating a hydrodynamic sand carrying experiment under coupled
action of seepage and vibration according to claim 5, characterized in that the step of
injecting water for simulating groundwater level control comprises steps of opening the
regulator valve on the hose between the water storage tank and the sand box, controlling
water injection at a low flow rate, closing the regulator valve after the water is injected to
the experimental design water level through the flowmeter, standing for a certain time until
the sand layer is fully infiltrated, opening the regulator valve again when the maximum
infiltration height is observed to be 1cm, repeating the above steps for graded water
injection until the water level is 2cm higher than the sand layer, then closing the regulator
valve, and standing until the water level in the sand box is stable to achieve a saturation
process of the sand layer.
7. The method for simulating a hydrodynamic sand carrying experiment under coupled
action of seepage and vibration according to claim 5, characterized in that the step of
injecting water for simulating rainfall comprises steps of opening the regulator valve on the
rainfall simulator, adjusting the rainfall intensity by controlling the water injection flow rate,
controlling the designed experimental precipitation through the flowmeter, and simulating
an infiltration process of rainwater during atmospheric rainfall.
8. The method for simulating a hydrodynamic sand carrying experiment under coupled
action of seepage and vibration according to claim 5, characterized in that the vibration
parameters comprise vibration frequency and amplitude.
9. The method for simulating a hydrodynamic sand carrying experiment under coupled
action of seepage and vibration according to claim 5, characterized in that the different
types of vibration conditions comprise on-site mine earthquakes, blasting and vehicle loads.
Fig. 2 Fig. 1 1/2
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| AU2020104397A AU2020104397A4 (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Experimental Facility and Method for Simulating Hydrodynamic Sand Carrying under Coupled Action of Seepage and Vibration |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2020104397A AU2020104397A4 (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Experimental Facility and Method for Simulating Hydrodynamic Sand Carrying under Coupled Action of Seepage and Vibration |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113028680A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-25 | 桂林理工大学 | Three-dimensional simulation device for heat exchange coupling of seepage-heat transfer-mass transfer-buried pipe and implementation method |
| CN113176394A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-27 | 合肥工业大学 | Swelling soil slope edge covering layer detection device and detection method under rainfall-reverse osmosis effect |
-
2020
- 2020-12-30 AU AU2020104397A patent/AU2020104397A4/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113028680A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-25 | 桂林理工大学 | Three-dimensional simulation device for heat exchange coupling of seepage-heat transfer-mass transfer-buried pipe and implementation method |
| CN113176394A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-27 | 合肥工业大学 | Swelling soil slope edge covering layer detection device and detection method under rainfall-reverse osmosis effect |
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