CN103728435B - Rainfall and underground water coupling slope simulation test device and test method - Google Patents
Rainfall and underground water coupling slope simulation test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Landslide is one of disaster the most serious in the world today, serious have impact on human life's property and socio-economic development, China is one of Asia and even landslide disaster is the most serious in the world country, and landslide has caused the great attention of government and Geotechnical Engineering circle scholar.Research shows, rainfall is the main cause causing landslide, side slope rainfall infiltration, is in essence to cause side slope non-saturated region matric suction to reduce, and forms slope soil shearing strength and reduces, thus cause side slope to come down.Model test is the important means of research slope and land slide, and at present the test unit on research Condition of Rainfall Infiltration slope landslide only considers the impact of rainfall on landslide, and in fact, slope and land slide is that rainfall and underground water table rise interactional result.Therefore, need to study a kind of slope and land slide model test apparatus considering rainfall infiltration and groundwater change coupling, to illustrating slope and land slide mechanism further and preventing slope and land slide significant.
Description
One, technical field
The invention belongs to one and be applied to the engineering fields such as water conservancy, railway, highway, specifically a kind of rainfall and underground water coupling slope slope model test device and test method, utilize this device and test method can illustrate slope and land slide mechanism further, administering for slope and land slide provides technical support.
Two, background technology
In all kinds of disasteies that China occurs, landslide has become the second largest geologic hazard being only second to earthquake.A large amount of landslides example shows, rainfall is the main inducing of the serious geologic hazard such as induced Landslides, rubble flow, mountain torrents.Along with the infiltration of rainwater, groundwater table rise, slope soil saturation degree increases gradually, pore water pressure obviously rises, corresponding matric suction constantly reduces and then causes the soil body and source-sink activity shearing strength to decline, and when acquiring a certain degree when rainfall intensity with when holding, just can cause slope instability.
Side slope model investigation has the advantages such as boundary condition is various, easy and simple to handle, reappearance is strong, has become the conventional means of rainfall induced landslide study mechanism.The test unit of tradition research Condition of Rainfall Infiltration slope stability generally only considered the impact of condition of raining, does not consider that groundwater change is on the impact of side slope condition.
Therefore need invention one can reflect the side slope simulation test device of rainfall infiltration and groundwater change coupling, and monitor the surface of the different condition of raining slope soil body and inner condition.
Three, summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of rainfall and underground water coupling slope simulation test device and test method.
The present invention seeks to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of rainfall and underground water coupling slope simulation test device, this test unit is by perspex test case, and rainfall system and supply tank are made, wherein, rainfall system is arranged on the top of perspex test case, and supply tank is placed on the side of perspex test case; The bottom of the bottom of two pieces of net-like spacer and two sides and perspex test case and two sides are bondd, form I, II, III 3 small box, in the bottom of I small box side, the one PVC water pipe is installed, a PVC water pipe is installed the first automatic flow meter and the first graduating valve; Each stickup one piece of geotextile on the medial surface of two pieces of net-like spacer; Rainfall system is from left to right followed successively by a PVC three-way pipe and connects the 2nd PVC water pipe, 2nd PVC water pipe and the 3rd, the 4th, the 5th, the 6th, the 7th, between the 8th PVC water pipe successively by second, third, the 4th, the 5th, the 6th, the 7th PVC three-way pipe is connected, above seven PVC three-way pipe lower ends are provided with shower nozzle separately; Be connected by water pressure gauge between 8th PVC water pipe with the 9th PVC water pipe, be connected by the second graduating valve between 9th PVC water pipe with the tenth PVC water pipe, tenth PVC water pipe is connected by pressure pump with between the 11 PVC water pipe, 11 pvc pipe passes in supply tank, tenth pvc pipe is provided with the second automatic flow meter, the tenth PVC water pipe between second automatic flow meter and pressure pump is connected with the 12 PVC water pipe, and the 3rd automatic flow meter and the 3rd graduating valve are installed in the 12 PVC water pipe upper end; Lower end access small box III; Wherein small box III is for simulating simulate formation water level height in side slope process of the test, small box II is for loading slope and land slide test in the soil sample simulated rainfall process for preparing according to undisturbed density, the organic glass outside surface in the dead ahead of small box II draws grid, mesh spacing is 1cm, and device also comprises 4 tensiometers and 4 pore pressure gauges.
Described rainfall and underground water coupling slope simulation test device, the bore of described PVC water pipe, PVC three-way pipe, shower nozzle, water pressure gauge, graduating valve, automatic flow meter and pressure pump mates and mutually with being threaded.
Use described rainfall and underground water coupling slope simulation test device to carry out a method for simulation test, its test method step is as follows:
1) clay of digging in-situ is dried in constant temperature oven, prepare soil sample according to undisturbed soil grating, initial water content;
2) the organic glass inwall uniform application vaseline in II small box of perspex test case, the soil sample prepared is loaded in II small box of perspex test case according to undisturbed density, distortion punctuate plastic tube is buried successively underground after soil sample being placed certain thickness, spacing is 10cm, then place sample soil on distortion punctuate plastic tube top, form ABCD sample soil slope; The length of slope AB, BC, CD is respectively 100cm, 510cm, 100cm;
3) in sample soil slope, insert 4 tensiometers successively, spacing is 10cm, parallelly at the rear of 4 tensiometers insert 4 pore pressure gauges, spacing is 10cm,
4) then on the organic glass outside surface in the dead ahead of II small box of perspex test case, draw grid, mesh spacing is 1cm;
5) in supply tank, water is filled, open the 3rd graduating valve respectively, 3rd automatic flow meter, then pressure pump is started, record the 3rd automatic flow meter initial reading, water filling in III small box of perspex test case, water filling is stopped after injecting certain head, close pressure pump, record the 3rd automatic flow meter reading, closes the 3rd graduating valve; After waiting for 24h, repeat step 5) until III small box of perspex test case is interior keep constant head;
6) open the second graduating valve, pressure pump, control rainfall amount by the second graduating valve, till setting rainfall amount, start rainfall, record the second automatic flow meter initial value,
7) interval 30min records the reading of 4 tensiometers, 4 pore pressure gauges respectively, interval 1min reads slope deforming punctuate plastic tube numerical value, the organic glass outside surface of this numerical value by the dead ahead of II small box of perspex test case is drawn grid to obtain, interval 1min measures the distortion of landslide leading edge, trailing edge, till landslide destruction occurs side slope;
8) first pressure pump is closed, then close the second graduating valve, stop rainfall, record the second automatic flow count value, and organic glass outside surface by the dead ahead of II small box of perspex test case is drawn grid record test soil sample underground water place value, off-test.
Principle of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention can be infiltrated and the side slope mould Landslide Deformation of groundwater change coupling by simulated rainfall, comprising: perspex test case; Rainfall system; Supply tank; PVC water pipe; Automatic flow meter; Graduating valve; Reticulated cell dividing plate; PVC three-way pipe; Water pressure gauge; Pressure pump; PVC three-way pipe; Geotextile; Distortion punctuate plastic tube; Tensiometer; Ventage piezometer; Test soil sample is placed in perspex test case, according to actual slope and land slide situation, discloses slope and land slide mechanism, for slope treatment provides technical support and theoretical foundation by underground water table and rainfall coupling slope slope model test.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1. the soil-slope that the present invention is directed under rainfall infiltration and groundwater change coupling comes down indoor model test, analyze different rainfall intensity, different rainfall when holding and groundwater change etc. interact under slope and land slide situation.
2. the present invention can realize single factor test and multifactor contrast, independent operational mode and the process controlling rainfall and groundwater change, influence degree for Accurate Analysis Different factor Upon Slope Stability is provided convenience condition, can realize the testing requirements of control load amount and contrast effect amount.
3. the present invention has that principle is simple, operation is convenient, monitoring is quick, can repeatedly utilize, test serious forgiveness advantages of higher.
Four, accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 rainfall and underground water coupling slope simulation test device front elevation;
Fig. 2 perspex test case front elevation;
Fig. 3 rainfall system front elevation;
Fig. 4 apertured partition structure front elevation;
Fig. 5 supply tank front elevation.
Reference numeral: 1-perspex test case; 2-rainfall system; 3-supply tank; 4-PVC water pipe; 5-automatic flow meter; 6-graduating valve; 7-reticulated cell dividing plate; 8-PVC three-way pipe; 9-water pressure gauge; 10-pressure pump; 11-PVC three-way pipe; 12-geotextile; 13-distortion punctuate plastic tube; 14-tensiometer; 15-ventage piezometer;
Five, embodiment
The present invention mainly provides a rainfall and underground water coupling slope slope model test device, utilizes this device and test method can illustrate slope and land slide mechanism further, and administering for slope and land slide provides technical support.
Embodiment 1
A kind of rainfall and underground water coupling slope simulation test device, it is characterized in that this test unit is by perspex test case 1, made by rainfall system 2 and supply tank 3, wherein, rainfall system 2 is arranged on the top of machine glass test case 1, and supply tank 3 is placed on the side of machine glass test case 1; The bottom of the bottom of two pieces of net-like spacer 7 and both sides and perspex test case 1 and two sides are bondd, form I, II, III 3 small box, install in the bottom of I small box side on PVC water pipe 4, a PVC water pipe 4 and first automatic flow meter 5 and the first graduating valve 6 is installed; Rainfall system 2 from left to right front 6 joint PVC water pipes 4 saves PVC three-way pipe 8 with 7 respectively and is connected, rear 4 joint PVC water pipes 4 pass into after being connected in supply tank 3 with water pressure gauge 9, second graduating valve 6, second automatic flow meter 5, pressure pump 10 respectively, at the lower end mounting spray head 11 respectively of 7 joint PVC three-way pipes 8,1 PVC water pipe 4 is connected with on the PVC water pipe 4 between pressure pump 10 at the second automatic flow meter 5,3rd automatic flow meter 5 and the 3rd graduating valve 6 are installed, each stickup one piece of geotextile 12 on the medial surface of two pieces of net-like spacer 7 in PVC water pipe 4 upper end.
Wherein:
1) perspex test case 1 is made up of front, rear, left and right and base plate 5 pieces of poly (methyl methacrylate) plates, and forward and backward two pieces of poly (methyl methacrylate) plates are identical, thickness 5cm, long 710cm, high 200cm, left and right two pieces of poly (methyl methacrylate) plates are identical, thickness 5cm, long 200cm, high 200cm; Plexiglass base plate thickness 5cm, long 710cm, wide 210cm; Perspex test case 1 is separated into I, II, III small box by two pieces of apertured partition, two pieces of geotextile are pasted onto respectively the medial surface of apertured partition, apertured partition 7 thickness 5cm, long 200cm, high 200cm, aperture 0.3cm, supply tank 3 is cylindrical metal bucket 250cm × 200cm (diameter × height), geotextile 12 thickness 0.2cm, long 200cm, high 200cm; Above PVC water pipe diameter 2cm, automatic flow meter 5 model is FTB300 digital (U.S.), and graduating valve 6 model is HANOVER KGT (U.S.);
2) water pressure gauge 9 model is ACD-200/201, pressure pump 10 model is 2BV5 water-ring vacuum pump; PVC three-way pipe 8 diameter is 3cm, shower nozzle 11 is vertical rotary following spray shower nozzle rainfall radius 1.0 ~ 1.5m, distortion punctuate plastic tube 13 diameter is 0.3cm, tensiometer 14 model is 2710AR series soil moisture tension meter, and pore pressure gauge 15 model is Canadian type vibration wire pore pressure gauge CL1;
Embodiment 2
Use rainfall and underground water coupling slope slope model test device to carry out the method tested, its step is as follows:
1) clay of digging in-situ being dried 24h in the constant temperature oven of 105 DEG C, is 15% preparation soil sample according to undisturbed soil grating, initial water content;
2) vaseline that the organic glass inwall uniform application 3mm in II small box of perspex test case 1 is thick, by the soil sample for preparing according to undisturbed density 1.62g/cm
3load in II small box of perspex test case 1, soil sample is placed thickness when reaching 100cm, 5 distortion punctuate plastic tubes 13 are embedded in soil sample successively, distortion punctuate plastic tube 13 is close to mutually with the organic glass outside surface in the dead ahead of II small box of perspex test case 1, distortion punctuate plastic tube spacing is 10cm, then place sample soil on distortion punctuate plastic tube 13 top, form ABCD sample soil slope; The length of slope AB, BC, CD is respectively 100cm, 510cm, 100cm;
3) in the BC section of side slope model, vertically 4 tensiometers 14 are inserted successively from left to right, spacing is 10cm, parallel slotting 4 pore pressure gauges 15 at the rear of 4 tensiometers 14, and pore pressure gauge spacing is 10cm, tensiometer and pore pressure gauge spacing are 100cm
4) then on the organic glass outside surface in the dead ahead of II small box of perspex test case 1, draw grid with marking pen and ruler, mesh spacing is 1cm;
5) water filling in supply tank 3, head is 200cm, open the 3rd graduating valve the 6, three automatic flow meter 5 respectively, then start pressure pump 10, record the 3rd automatic flow meter 5 initial reading, water filling in III small box of perspex test case 1, stops water filling after injecting the head of 100cm, closes pressure pump 10, record the 3rd automatic flow meter 5 reading, close the 3rd graduating valve 6; After waiting for 24h, repeat step 5) until the interior constant head keeping 100cm of III small box of perspex test case 1;
6) open the second graduating valve 6, pressure pump 10, control rainfall amount by the second graduating valve 6, rainfall amount is 500mm; Till setting rainfall amount, start rainfall, record the second automatic flow meter 5 initial value,
7) interval 30min records the reading of 4 tensiometers, 14,4 pore pressure gauges 15 respectively, interval 1min reads slope deforming punctuate plastic tube 13 numerical value, the organic glass outside surface of this numerical value by the dead ahead of II small box of perspex test case 1 is drawn grid to obtain, the distortion of landslide leading edge, trailing edge measured by 1min ruler in interval, till landslide destruction occurs side slope;
8) first pressure pump 10 is closed, then close the second graduating valve 6, stop rainfall, record the second automatic flow meter 5 numerical value, and organic glass outside surface by the dead ahead of II small box of perspex test case 1 is drawn grid record test soil sample underground water place value, off-test.
Claims (3)
1. a rainfall and underground water coupling slope simulation test device, it is characterized in that, this test unit is by perspex test case (1), made by rainfall system (2) and supply tank (3), wherein, rainfall system (2) is arranged on the top of perspex test case (1), and supply tank (3) is placed on the side of perspex test case (1), the bottom of the bottom of two pieces of net-like spacer (7) and two sides and perspex test case (1) and two sides are bondd, form I, II, III 3 small box, in the bottom of I small box side, the one PVC water pipe is installed, a PVC water pipe is installed the first automatic flow meter (5) and the first graduating valve (6), each stickup one piece of geotextile (12) on the medial surface of two pieces of net-like spacer (7), rainfall system (2) is from left to right followed successively by a PVC three-way pipe and connects the 2nd PVC water pipe, 2nd PVC water pipe and the 3rd, the 4th, the 5th, the 6th, the 7th, between the 8th PVC water pipe successively by second, third, the 4th, the 5th, the 6th, the 7th PVC three-way pipe is connected, above seven PVC three-way pipe lower ends are provided with shower nozzle separately, be connected by water pressure gauge (9) between 8th PVC water pipe with the 9th PVC water pipe, be connected by the second graduating valve (6) between 9th PVC water pipe with the tenth PVC water pipe, tenth PVC water pipe is connected by pressure pump (10) with between the 11 PVC water pipe, 11 pvc pipe passes in supply tank (3), tenth pvc pipe is provided with the second automatic flow meter (5), the tenth PVC water pipe between second automatic flow meter (5) and pressure pump (10) is connected with the 12 PVC water pipe, the 3rd automatic flow meter (5) and the 3rd graduating valve (6) are installed in 12 PVC water pipe upper end, lower end access small box III, wherein small box III is for simulating simulate formation water level height in side slope process of the test, small box II is for loading slope and land slide test in the soil sample simulated rainfall process for preparing according to undisturbed density, the organic glass outside surface in the dead ahead of small box II draws grid, mesh spacing is 1cm, and device also comprises 4 tensiometers and 4 pore pressure gauges.
2. rainfall according to claim 1 and underground water coupling slope simulation test device, it is characterized in that, the bore of described PVC water pipe, PVC three-way pipe, shower nozzle, water pressure gauge, graduating valve, automatic flow meter and pressure pump mates and mutually with being threaded.
3. use the rainfall described in claim 1 or 2 and underground water coupling slope simulation test device to carry out a method for simulation test, its test method step is as follows:
1) clay of digging in-situ is dried in constant temperature oven, prepare soil sample according to undisturbed soil grating, initial water content;
2) the organic glass inwall uniform application vaseline in II small box of perspex test case (1), the soil sample prepared is loaded in II small box of perspex test case (1) according to undisturbed density, distortion punctuate plastic tube (13) is buried successively underground after soil sample being placed certain thickness, spacing is 10cm, then place sample soil on distortion punctuate plastic tube (13) top, form ABCD sample soil slope; The length of slope AB, BC, CD is respectively 100cm, 510cm, 100cm;
3) in sample soil slope, insert 4 tensiometers (14) successively, spacing is 10cm, parallelly at the rear of 4 tensiometers (14) insert 4 pore pressure gauges (15), spacing is 10cm,
4) then on the organic glass outside surface in the dead ahead of II small box of perspex test case (1), draw grid, mesh spacing is 1cm;
5) in supply tank (3), water is filled, open the 3rd graduating valve (6) respectively, 3rd automatic flow meter (5), then pressure pump (10) is started, record the 3rd automatic flow meter (5) initial reading, water filling in III small box of perspex test case (1), water filling is stopped after injecting certain head, close pressure pump (10), record the 3rd automatic flow meter (5) reading, close the 3rd graduating valve (6); After waiting for 24h, repeat step 5) until III small box of perspex test case (1) is interior keep constant head;
6) open the second graduating valve (6), pressure pump (10), control rainfall amount by the second graduating valve (6), till setting rainfall amount, start rainfall, record the second automatic flow meter (5) initial value,
7) interval 30min records the reading of 4 tensiometers (14), 4 pore pressure gauges (15) respectively, interval 1min reads slope deforming punctuate plastic tube (13) numerical value, the organic glass outside surface of this numerical value by the dead ahead of II small box of perspex test case (1) draws grid obtain, interval 1min measures the distortion of landslide leading edge, trailing edge, till landslide destruction occurs side slope;
8) pressure pump (10) is first closed, then the second graduating valve (6) is closed, stop rainfall, record the second automatic flow meter (5) numerical value, and organic glass outside surface by the dead ahead of II small box of perspex test case (1) draws grid record test soil sample underground water place value, off-test.
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