CN101763765A - Simulated experiment device of infiltration and seepage - Google Patents
Simulated experiment device of infiltration and seepage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulated experiment device of infiltration and seepage which comprises a simulation case with a water storage tank and a horizontal soleplate; a water-supplying chamber, a simulation chamber with a water-bearing layer, and a water drainage chamber are arranged in the simulation case; an infiltration device arranged at the top of the simulation case is installed in the simulation chamber; an infiltration case with an infiltration rain fall plate at the bottom and an infiltration liquid supplying case positioned at the top of the infiltration case are arranged in the infiltration device, and the top of an infiltration liquid pipe located in the infiltration case is communicated with the bottom of the infiltration liquid supplying case; a tracer injection case is arranged at the top of the simulation case and at the upstream end of the simulation chamber, and the tops of at least three tracer control pipes positioned in the water-bearing layer of the simulation chamber and provided with control valves are respectively communicated with the bottom of the tracer injection case. The invention with a reasonable structure provides intuitive information on the physical process that water infiltrates the ground surface to supply the ground water, the ground water recharge method, seepage characteristics of steady movement of ground water, in order to conduct the relevant experiment and parameter measurement.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention is relevant with water geology, especially with infiltrate relevant with the seepage simulation test device.
Background technology:
Infiltrating of surface water;
The water on the face of land oozes under the space of ground, is to carry out under the combined action of gravity, molecular force and capillary force, and its motion process is exactly the overall equilbrium process of seeking motive power.Whole physical process of oozing down can be divided into and ooze profit, seepage, infiltration three phases according to the combination and variation and the motion feature thereof of acting force.Experiment is found, capillary water height is when going into to seep water the seepage force balance downward, water can not be penetrated into the water-bearing zone but migrate to draining the border along the above certain height of water table, just can penetrate into the water-bearing zone after the downward seepage force of going into to seep water is greater than capillary water height.
The diving stable motion;
Whether does the actual velocity of groundwater that motion key element, actual velocity of groundwater and the theoretical formula of the variation characteristics of hydraulic Head Distribution situation and drawdown curve (water table), seepage flow space each point are calculated during the diving stable motion coincide? how to find the solution the phreatic hydrostatic level of flow, infiltration coefficient, observation, the dynamic water level of underground water plane stability motion, understanding phreatic supply mode, simulated groundwater, should to adopt which kind of mode processing etc. when being subjected to different the pollution all be important research of water geology and learning content.
No isolated plant experimentizes, observes foregoing in scientific research and teaching, can only arrive field observation, and is not directly perceived, the cost height.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is for provide a kind of rational in infrastructure, can intuitively understand the physical process of water at the infiltration of ground surface recharge groundwater, understand recharge of ground water mode, underground water stable motion the seepage flow feature, carry out the multi-functional of related experiment and parametric measurement and infiltrate and the seepage simulation test device.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
The present invention is infiltrated and the seepage simulation test device, comprise the reserve tank of being with water pump, base plate keeps the simulation box of level, the water supply chamber that contains water supply hole is arranged in the simulation box, the simulation chamber that the water-bearing zone is arranged, the drain chamber that contains osculum, simulation chamber and water supply chamber, between simulation chamber and the drain chamber permeable mesh plate is arranged, the head spill box of deciding that overflow groove is arranged that is arranged in the simulation box upstream extremity is positioned at the outer water cavity that overflows back of overflow groove the spout hole that communicates with reserve tank by run-down pipe is arranged, deciding has the inlet opening that communicates with reserve tank water pump and water supply chamber respectively by pipeline in the overflow groove of head spill box, apopore, the draining spill box that overflow groove is arranged that is arranged in simulation case downstream is positioned at the outer water cavity that overflows back of overflow groove the spout hole that communicates with reserve tank by the overflow flow tube, the inlet opening that is communicated with osculum in the drain chamber by pipeline is arranged in the overflow groove of draining spill box, at least three group piezometric tube vertically are contained on the wall of simulation chamber, an end of the pressure measurement flexible pipe that is communicated with the piezometric tube bottom passes in the wall insertion water-bearing zone, simulation chamber respectively, at middle part, simulation chamber the device that infiltrates that is contained in the simulation box top is arranged, infiltrating has the bottom to contain to infiltrate the case that infiltrates of rainfall plate in the device, be positioned at infiltrate the box top go into the sepage service tank, be arranged in infiltrate the case top with go into the liquid-penetrating pipe of going into that sepage service tank bottom is communicated with, have the tracer agent that is contained in the simulation box top to inject case at simulation chamber upstream extremity, at least three tops that are positioned at the tracer agent control tube of the band operation valve of simulating the water-bearing zone, chamber are communicated with bottom tracer agent injects case respectively.
Above-mentioned piezometric tube is seven groups, and spaced set is on the wall of simulation chamber, and every group of piezometric tube is three, top, middle part, bottom that the other end of three pressure measurement flexible pipes that are communicated with every group of piezometric tube bottom inserts the same section in water-bearing zone respectively.
Above-mentioned spike control tube is three, equidistantly distributes on the same cross section of simulation upstream, chamber broad ways.
Above-mentioned place, simulation box upstream and downstream has respectively can regulate the water-level regulator of deciding head spill box, draining spill box height, the threaded nut, the bearing that are contained in the simulation box upper and lower end are arranged in the water-level regulator, the threaded journal stirrup that is connected with spill box, adjusting screw(rod) one end pass the screw thread on nut, the journal stirrup successively and stretch in the bearing and can rotate.
The flowmeter that is communicated with the overflow flow tube is arranged in the above-mentioned device.
The present invention is rational in infrastructure, can intuitively understand the physical process that water infiltrates on the face of land, understands recharge of ground water mode.The seepage flow feature of the research and learning underground water stable motion, carry out related experiment and parametric measurement, can reduce cost greatly.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the left view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the B-B cut-open view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is the C-C cut-open view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is the D-D cut-open view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is the E-E cut-open view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 8 is that the A of Fig. 2 is to view.
Fig. 9 is seepage flow experiment synoptic diagram.
Figure 10 is a submarine permeation fluid simulated experiment original state synoptic diagram.
Figure 11 is for waiting head line and streamline position view.
Figure 12 is theoretical seepage flow synoptic diagram.
Figure 13 is actual seepage flow synoptic diagram.
Embodiment:
Referring to Fig. 1～Fig. 9, present embodiment infiltrates and the seepage simulation test device, comprises the reserve tank 2 of being with water pump 1, the simulation box 3 of base plate maintenance level.The drain chamber 8 that the water supply chamber 5 that contains water supply hole 4, the simulation chamber 6 that the water-bearing zone is arranged are arranged in the simulation box, contains osculum 7.Between simulation chamber and water supply chamber, simulation chamber and the drain chamber permeable mesh plate 9 is arranged respectively.The head spill box 11 of deciding that overflow groove 10 is arranged that is arranged in the simulation box upstream extremity is positioned at the outer water cavity 12 that overflows back of overflow groove the spout hole 14 that communicates with reserve tank by run-down pipe 13 is arranged.Deciding has inlet opening 17, the apopore 18 that communicates with reserve tank water pump and water supply chamber respectively by pipeline 15,16 in the overflow groove of head spill box.The draining spill box 20 that overflow groove 19 is arranged that is arranged in simulation case downstream end is positioned at the outer water cavity 21 that overflows back of overflow groove the spout hole 23 that communicates with reserve tank by overflow flow tube 22.The inlet opening 25 that is communicated with osculum in the drain chamber by pipeline 24 is arranged in the overflow groove of draining spill box.Piezometric tube 27 spaced sets of seven groups of band scales 26 are on the wall of simulation chamber.The other end of three pressure measurement flexible pipes 28 that one end is communicated with every group of three piezometric tube bottom inserts top, middle part, bottom (referring to Fig. 4) of the same section in water-bearing zone respectively.In the simulation chamber partially upstream portion have be contained in the simulation box top infiltrate device 29.Infiltrate have the bottom to contain to infiltrate rainfall plate 30 (referring to Fig. 5) in the device infiltrate case 31, be positioned at infiltrate the box top go into sepage service tank 32, be arranged in and infiltrate the top of going into liquid-penetrating pipe 34 of band operation valve 33 of case and bottom going into the sepage service tank, be communicated with.Have the tracer agent that is contained in the simulation box top to inject case 35 at simulation chamber upstream extremity, three tracer agent control tubes 37 (referring to Fig. 6, Fig. 7) of band operation valve 36 equidistantly distribute on the same cross section of simulation upstream extremity water-bearing zone, chamber broad ways and its top is injected the case bottom with tracer agent respectively and is communicated with.
Referring to Fig. 1, simulation box upstream and downstream places have respectively can regulate decide head spill box, draining spill box height decide threaded nut 40, the bearing 41 that is contained in the simulation box upper and lower end arranged respectively in head spill box water level water-level regulator 38 and the draining spill box water-level regulator 39, the threaded journal stirrup 42 that is connected with spill box, adjusting screw(rod) 43 1 ends pass the screw thread on nut, the journal stirrup successively and stretch in the bearing and can rotate and adjusting handle 44 is housed on the other end.Flowmeter 45 is communicated with the overflow flow tube.
Infiltrate experiment;
Open and infiltrate device and go into sepage management and control system valve, observe the situation of infiltrating of tracer agent; 1, oozes the profit stage; Infiltrate the initial stage, go into sepage by the adsorbed formation pellicular water of ground particle.2, the seepage stage; Along with the continuous increase of ground water percentage, water is done unsteady motion in the ground space.3, penetration stage; The ground space is full of the state of reaching capacity by water, and the main gravitate of water is steady flow, the supply water-bearing zone.Experiment is found; Oozing profit stage and seepage stage can observe, but during penetration stage, go into to seep water in the process of downward infiltration owing to be subjected to stopping of capillary water raising force, water can not be penetrated into the water-bearing zone but migrate to draining the border along the above certain height of water table, after the downward seepage force of going into to seep water is greater than the capillary water height resistance, just can penetrate into water-bearing zone (see Fig. 9, arrow 46 is depicted as capillary water height among the figure).
The submarine permeation fluid simulated experiment;
Submarine permeation fluid simulation is that the hydrogeological entity with open-air seepage flow is a model object, is equivalent to simulate a rectangle stick of actual vadose region.
The submarine permeation fluid simulation is by observing each motion key element in the model, and its result amplifies by a certain percentage, to obtain and the corresponding motion key element of nature seepage flow.Therefore, model must be followed the principle of analog simulation, that is, and and the principle of geometric similarity, kinematic similitude, dynamic similarity, boundary similarity.Its characteristics of motion can be described with the Qiu Buyi equation form, that is:
Flow equation is
Q in the formula---the seepage flow water yield (cm3/s);
K---infiltration coefficient (cm/s);
B---simulation water-bearing zone width (cm);
h
7---upstream extremity section water-bearing zone thickness (cm);
h
1---downstream end section water-bearing zone thickness (cm);
L
7-1---the distance (cm) of upstream the 7th section the 1st section to the downstream.
The head equation is
H in the formula
i---the head value (cm) of arbitrary cross-section.
All other cotypes (1).Because of moisture base plate is a level, the water-bearing zone thickness reading in the formula (1) is identical with water-bearing zone head value in the formula (2).
Experiment content and step
(1) regulating upstream and downstream spill box water-head is 0, and the upper, middle and lower piezometric level on upstream and downstream spill box water level, each section equates at this moment, shows that instrument is in normal condition (shown in Figure 10 middle water level line 47).
(2) energized, the operation valve of fetching boiling water is regulated upstream and downstream spill box water-heads (about 15cm), treats that each piezometric level is stable.
Observe and discuss:
1. (because of water table is a curved surface, streamline is parallel with water table, due to waiting head and streamline being vertical, as shown in figure 11) for the reason that relative superiority or inferiority is low on each piezometric level on the same vertical section.
2. on the different section of comparative analysis upstream and downstream the difference of corresponding each piezometric level and downstream greater than the reason of upstream (because of the downstream water-carrying section diminishes, flow velocity become big due to, as shown in figure 11). Sequence number 48,49 such as is respectively at the head line waterline among Figure 11.
(3) determining instrument parameter and piezometric level and flow are according to formula (1) calculation permeability coefficient.
5. measure actual velocity of groundwater: inject red tracer agent in the upstream, water-bearing zone, timing, observation arrives the time of the 1st～7 section respectively, calculate the actual velocity of groundwater of each section and 1～7 section respectively, analyze the huge reason of actual measurement actual velocity of groundwater and Theoretical Calculation flow velocity difference (because of Theoretical Calculation is that seepage channel is desirably straight line, and underground water is that motion runs into solid particle generation is detoured in the space, water-bearing zone, make the actual seepage channel of underground water prolong greatly due to (as Figure 12, Figure 13). Sequence number 50,51 is respectively ground water theory seepage line, the actual seepage line of underground water among Figure 12, Figure 13.
The foregoing description is that foregoing of the present invention is further described, but this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention only limits to the foregoing description.All technology that realizes based on foregoing all belong to scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. infiltrate and the seepage simulation test device, it is characterized in that comprising the reserve tank of being with water pump, base plate keeps the simulation box of level, the water supply chamber that contains water supply hole is arranged in the simulation box, the simulation chamber that the water-bearing zone is arranged, the drain chamber that contains osculum, simulation chamber and water supply chamber, between simulation chamber and the drain chamber permeable mesh plate is arranged, the head spill box of deciding that overflow groove is arranged that is arranged in the simulation box upstream extremity is positioned at the outer water cavity that overflows back of overflow groove the spout hole that communicates with reserve tank by run-down pipe is arranged, deciding has the inlet opening that communicates with reserve tank water pump and water supply chamber respectively by pipeline in the overflow groove of head spill box, apopore, the draining spill box that overflow groove is arranged that is arranged in simulation case downstream end is positioned at the outer water cavity that overflows back of overflow groove the spout hole that communicates with reserve tank by the overflow flow tube, the inlet opening that is communicated with osculum in the drain chamber by pipeline is arranged in the overflow groove of draining spill box, at least three group piezometric tube vertically are contained on the wall of simulation chamber, an end of the pressure measurement flexible pipe that is communicated with the piezometric tube bottom passes in the wall insertion water-bearing zone, simulation chamber respectively, in the simulation chamber, the device that infiltrates that is contained in the simulation box top is arranged, infiltrating has the bottom to contain to infiltrate the case that infiltrates of rainfall plate in the device, be positioned at infiltrate the box top go into the sepage service tank, be arranged in infiltrate the case top with go into the liquid-penetrating pipe of going into that sepage service tank bottom is communicated with, have the tracer agent that is contained in the simulation box top to inject case at simulation chamber upstream extremity, at least three tops that are positioned at the tracer agent control tube of the band operation valve of simulating the water-bearing zone, chamber are communicated with bottom tracer agent injects case respectively.
2. as claimed in claim 1 infiltrating and the seepage simulation test device, it is characterized in that piezometric tube is seven groups, spaced set is on the wall of simulation chamber, every group of piezometric tube is three, top, middle part, bottom that the other end of three pressure measurement flexible pipes that are communicated with every group of piezometric tube bottom inserts the same section in water-bearing zone respectively.
3. as claimed in claim 1 or 2 infiltrating and the seepage simulation test device is characterized in that the spike control tube is three, equidistantly distributes on the same cross section of simulation upstream, chamber broad ways.
4. as claimed in claim 1 or 2 infiltrating and the seepage simulation test device, it is characterized in that simulation box upstream and downstream places has respectively can regulate the water-level regulator of deciding head spill box, draining spill box height, the threaded nut, the bearing that are contained in the simulation box upper and lower end are arranged in the water-level regulator, the threaded journal stirrup that is connected with spill box, adjusting screw(rod) one end pass the screw thread on nut, the journal stirrup successively and stretch in the bearing and can rotate.
5. as claimed in claim 1 or 2 infiltrating and the seepage simulation test device is characterized in that the flowmeter that is communicated with the overflow flow tube is arranged.
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| CN108984921A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-12-11 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of river water level method of calculating flux and device that combination underground water infiltrates |
| CN110197611B (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2021-07-30 | 成都理工大学 | Capillary saturation zone transverse seepage demonstration instrument and demonstration method |
| CN110197611A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-09-03 | 成都理工大学 | Capillary saturated zone transverse direction interstitial flow demonstration instrument and demenstration method |
| CN111076894A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-04-28 | 内蒙古大雁矿业集团有限责任公司 | Groundwater flow field simulator |
| CN111076894B (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2022-04-26 | 内蒙古大雁矿业集团有限责任公司 | Groundwater flow field simulator |
| CN111830286A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-10-27 | 福建水利电力职业技术学院 | Lifting type three-dimensional flow meter calibration water tank and flow rate calibration method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20100630 |