CN108318396A - The test method of Seepage Field of Tailings Dam analog simulation pilot system - Google Patents
The test method of Seepage Field of Tailings Dam analog simulation pilot system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to hydraulic model technical fields, more particularly to a kind of test method of Seepage Field of Tailings Dam analog simulation pilot system, simulation system has been made according to Fu Laode similarity criterions, by the high similarity model for building Seepage Field of Tailings Dam, prototype Seepage Field of Tailings Dam is simulated using Equivalent Materials Testing technology, it can be effective, intuitively, the percolation law of dam body after the completion of accurately reaction tailing dam is built a dam, including infiltrating line position, seepage discharge and percolation flow velocity etc., seepage theory problem can not only be verified, and it can be to the drainage system of the tailing dam in engineering, tailings dam stability is evaluated and the work such as tailing dam safety management are very helpful.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydraulic model technical fields, and in particular to a kind of Seepage Field of Tailings Dam analog simulation pilot system
Test method.
The present invention be the applying date be 2015.7.24, application No. is 2015104442509, entitled Seepage Field of Tailings Dam phases
Like simulation experiment system and the divisional application of method.
Background technology
Tailing dam refers to building a dam around river, mountain valley mouthful or depression, and nonmetallic or metal mine is carried out ore essence
Tailing or solid waste after choosing are discharged into it storage place precipitated and stored up.
The saturation of tailing dam refers to water level and phreatic line inside the dam body formed that seeps water during ore drawing in library, by
It is the bulk solid of natural sediment in Tailings Dam, this just determines that dam seepage line is the lifeline of tailing dam, it is to directly affect
One of most important factor of dam stability.Mostly use greatly at present finite element method and hydraulics method to the saturation of tailing dam into
Row calculates, and wherein FInite Element needs to establish accurate model, and the physical property of each layer CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND of true tailing dam is not
With, so modeling has prodigious difficulty, hydraulics method is a kind of simple method for calculating saturation, wherein having very much
Basic assumption, thus result of calculation has prodigious error.And it can be more accurate by tailing dam Equivalent Materials Testing technology
Really intuitively reflect the position of saturation.Equivalent Materials Testing is the modeling techniques based on the theory of similarity,
It is to study a kind of method of the natural law using the features such as existing phase Sihe between things or phenomenon is similar.It especially suitable for
Those are difficult to the research field that result is obtained with theoretical analysis method, while being also a kind of for being carried out pair to theoretical study results
Than the effective means for analyzing and comparing verification.
Invention content
For the defect calculated in the prior art tailing dam saturation line, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of Seepage Field of Tailings Dam
Analog simulation pilot system and method, utmostly to simulate the seepage field situation of prototype tailing dam, by intuitively observing
Percolation law, and according to observation data to the offers guidance such as the draining on prototype dam, stability, safety management.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of Seepage Field of Tailings Dam analog simulation pilot system, including tailing dam model and supplementary structure, tailing dam model
Including initial dam and late dam, supplementary structure includes testing stand, outer rim, pressure-measuring pipe；Tailing dam model is set on testing stand；
Tailing dam model is bottom surface, late dam one side and two cross sections, initial dam by the four sides of enclosing by outer rim four sides enclosing
One side and top surface are without enclosing；Pressure-measuring pipe interval vertical is arranged in tailing dam model, and on the same cross section.
The tailing dam model is built by the seperated layer water injection method of building a dam, and initial dam is built with sandstone first, then first
CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is added in phase dam, adds to and is flushed with initial dam, the then water filling into CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND, adds to water level and initial dam top is neat
It is flat, after standing two hours, the sub- dam of level-one of initial dam last layer is built with CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND, CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND equally is added in the sub- dam of level-one
It to being flushed with the sub- dam of level-one, is then filled into CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND and is flushed with the sub- dam of level-one, same standing builds two level after two hours
Sub- dam, it is several days standing to there is no water in pressure-measuring pipe after the completion of build until building to tailing dam dam crest.
The outer rim is made of clear material, preferably organic glass, can facilitate observing and nursing inner case.Outer rim
3 facades and 1 bottom surface be glued, ensure interface it is impermeable.
It is stained with paper ruler on the left side of the preceding cross section side of outer rim and bottom edge, establishes rectangular coordinate system.
Ensure that the most bottom edge of outer rim is not less than 40 centimetres from the ground, to ensure that funnel and graduated cylinder there are enough spaces to put
It sets.
Liquid supply pipe is set on the late dam side of outer rim, and the height of liquid supply pipe is higher than late dam height, and liquid supply pipe connects
A water pump is connect, water pump into liquid supply pipe for pumping, with the uniform water filling into tailing dam model.
Water level line position in outer rim late dam side installs overflow pipe, and water level line when water filling is made to keep constant.
One funnel is installed below the testing stand of dam side in the early stage, graduated cylinder is placed below funnel, for access through just
The water on phase dam and the volume of real-time and accurate measurement water.
The pressure-measuring pipe is located on the cross section being in contact with outer rim, to facilitate the height of observation wherein water, and pressure measurement
Pipe is equally spaced, and the lower port of pressure-measuring pipe is snarled with gauze, and lower port withstands on the bottom surface of outer rim, and the height of pressure-measuring pipe is more than etc.
In water level line height.
A kind of test method of Seepage Field of Tailings Dam analog simulation pilot system, which is characterized in that with the similar standards of Fu Laode
Then (Fr)p=(Fr)mIt designs a model, wherein p, m are subscript, respectively represent prototype and model, include the following steps：
(1) vertical section of tailing dam to be simulated is chosen；
(2) the prototype X-Y scheme of the section is drawn according to the related data of the tailing dam；
(3) selection kinematic viscosity ratio ruler λv=1, length is chosen than ruler λ according to prototype scalel, and according to the similar standards of Fu Laode
Then derive that percolation flow velocity compares rulerSeepage discharge compares ruler
(4) according to selected λlDraw the model X-Y scheme of the section；
(5) analog simulation pilot system is made according to model X-Y scheme；
(6) water pump, feed flow tube valve are opened, uniform water filling, adds to and flushed with water level line into tailing dam model, after flushing
Start timing, every one section of set time t record measurement cylinder reading vn, camera is used in combination to shoot piezometric level to record all pressure measurement
Water level value h of the pipe in the same timeni, wherein n=1,2,3 ..., n represent the number of record, and i=1,2,3 ..., i represent pressure measurement
The number of pipe；
(7) model data calculates：The data computation model seepage discharge recorded according to previous stepAnd it seeks
Average valueAccording to seepage quantity calculation model percolation flow velocityAnd averagedIt is flat to calculate pressure-measuring pipe height
Mean valueB is the thickness of model in formula；
(8) prototype data is handled：According to seepage discharge prototype seepage discharge is acquired than rulerAccording to seepage flow speed
Degree acquires prototype percolation flow velocity than rulerAccording to length each position height of water level in prototype dam body is acquired than rulerThe prototype saturation location drawing is drawn according to data above.
X-Y scheme includes in the step (2)：Initial dam geometry, sub- dam geometry at different levels, the positions Gan Tan, water
Bit line position, and the length lambda on tailing dam bottom edgelIt is 4-5 times of height of dam.
Y takes 30-100 in the step (3).
In the step (5), the thickness of tailing dam model is b=0.2m, i.e., between the two of tailing dam model cross section
Vertical range be 0.2m, the width of tailing dam model boundary and height are made according to model X-Y scheme, and width and height compare
The width and height of model X-Y scheme have more 0.2m.
In the step (6), time t is 5 minutes, and is continuously recorded 2 hours.
The present invention by build Seepage Field of Tailings Dam high similarity model, using Equivalent Materials Testing technology to original
Type Seepage Field of Tailings Dam is simulated, and the seepage flow rule of dam body after the completion of tailing dam is built a dam effective, intuitive and accurate can be reacted
Rule, including infiltration line position, seepage discharge and percolation flow velocity etc., can not only verify seepage theory problem, but also can be to engineering
In drainage system, tailings dam stability evaluation and the work such as tailing dam safety management of tailing dam be very helpful.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 Seepage Field of Tailings Dam analog simulation test system architecture schematic diagrames of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 embodiment of the present invention east of a river tailing dam weak section prototype X-Y scheme；
Fig. 3 embodiment of the present invention east of a river tailing dam weak section model X-Y scheme；
Fig. 4 embodiment of the present invention east of a river tailing dam weak section prototype saturation location drawing.
In figure, 1- water pumps；2- liquid supply pipes；3- valves；4- water level lines；5- outer rims；6- late dams (sub- dam)；7- pressure measurement
Pipe；8- initial dams；9- funnels；10- graduated cylinders；11- overflow pipes；12- testing stands；13- is calculated by simulation experiment system
Prototype saturation；The prototype saturation that 14- on-line monitoring systems detect.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in further details with reference to specific embodiment and attached drawing.
1. the selection of prototype：
This experiment selects east of a river tailing dam as test model.He Dong Gold Mine Tailings Dam is located on the south He Dong Gold Mine ore dressing plant
On about 700 meters of depression, about 0.1187 square kilometre of floor space, surrounding is built a dam.He Dong Gold Mine initial dam is to roll earth and rockfill dam.
East side monolith, 80 meters of dam crest absolute altitude, 28 meters of initial stage height of dam, with CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heap built by totally 5 grades of sub- dams, sub- dam for late dam, outer slope earthing
0.2-0.3 meters, and dense planting torch tree, Albizzia kalkora tree, black pine.The monolith dam crest grows 88 meters, and side slope ratio is 1 in dam：2.25, outer side slope
Than being 1：2.0, inside and outside slope spreads impermeable composite geomembrane.It checks by scene and is analyzed with relevant information, due to east slope Duan Po
Spend that larger and height of dam is higher, so selecting a certain section of east slope section as the prototype tested.
2. the selection of model：
Since the shape, size and distribution situation of tailings sand soil hole are extremely complex, to determine seepage flow in tailing in detail
Mobility status in sand pore channel is extremely difficult, also without this necessity.It would be of interest to the macroscopic views of seepage flow averagely to imitate in engineering
Fruit, rather than intrapore flowing details introduce simplified flow model in porous media to replace actual seepage flow thus.Flow model in porous media is to ooze
The boundary condition of stream region (space occupied by fluid and interstitial medium) remains unchanged, and omits whole tailings sand soil particles, recognizes
It is continuously-filled with fluid for vadose region.
3. the selection of similarity criterion：
In fluid model, weir crest overflow, lock hole go out stream, Open Channels etc., and gravity plays a major role, should be by Fu Laode standards
It then designs a model, reynolds analogue criterion is selected according to flow model in porous media.In tailing dam Seepage problems, gravity plays a major role, because
This selects Fu Laode similarity criterions.
Fu Laode similarity criterions：
(Fr)p=(Fr)m
I.e.
(Fr)pPrototype Froude number one by one
(Fr)mModel Froude number one by one
lpPrototype geometrical length one by one
lmModel geometric length one by one
vpPrototype flow velocity one by one
vmModel flow velocity one by one
gpPrototype acceleration of gravity one by one
gmModel acceleration of gravity one by one
4. the determination of condition of similarity：
Select kinematic viscosity ratio ruler λv=1, seperated layer water injection method can be used to ensure λv=1, select suitable length than ruler λl, root
Velocity ratio ruler can be derived according to Fu Laode similarity criterionsFlow-rate ratio rulerEach similar scale is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 tests similar proportion coefficient：
5. the selection of analog material：
In order to meet the condition of similarity of test material, it is ensured that the relative reliability of test result, i.e., } -=1, this model material
Material selects live tailing dam heap dam CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND, and the seperated layer water injection method of building a dam is used in combination to be ensured；Initial dam material is replaced with sandstone
Material.
6. testing material requested and instrument：
Organic glass, pressure-measuring pipe, gauze, paper ruler, overflow pipe, liquid supply pipe, water pump, funnel, graduated cylinder, stopwatch, camera, tailing
Sand, sandstone etc..
7. test procedure：
(1) vertical section (east of a river tailing dam) of tailing dam to be simulated is chosen.
(2) the prototype X-Y scheme of the section is drawn according to the related data of the tailing dam.The X-Y scheme includes：Initial dam 8
Geometry, 6 geometry of sub- dam at different levels, the positions Gan Tan, 4 position of water level line, prototype X-Y scheme are as shown in Figure 2.Note：Tailing dam
The length on bottom edge should be 4-5 times of height of dam, this experiment chooses 4.5 times.
(3) λ appropriate is chosenl, general λl30-100, this experiment is taken to choose into 1=80.
(4) the model X-Y scheme of the section is drawn according to selected y, as shown in Figure 3.
(5) outer rim 5 of model is made according to model X-Y scheme.The thickness of preference pattern is 0.2m, the width of model boundary
Degree and height are respectively 4.7m and 1.2m.The outer rim 5 of model selects pmma material, determines front and back the two of model frame
Face, bottom surface, left facade ensure that interface will not seep water by this four planes with there is glass cement to cement.
(6) left side and bottom edge of the organic glass before outer rim 5 are stained with paper ruler, establish rectangular coordinate system.
(7) outer rim 5 is fixed on testing stand 12, ensures that outer rim 5 does not tilt when installation, ensures outer rim 5 most
Bottom edge is not less than 40 centimetres from the ground.
(8) on the inside of the organic glass before outer rim 5, since coordinate origin, every 30 centimetres vertically-mounted one
14 pressure-measuring pipes 7 are arranged in a pressure-measuring pipe 7 altogether.The lower port of pressure-measuring pipe 7 is snarled with gauze, and lower port withstands on the bottom of outer rim 5
Face；The height of pressure-measuring pipe 7 cannot be less than 4 height of water level line.
(9) overflow pipe 11 is installed in 4 position of water level line of the left facade of outer rim 5, water level line 4 when water filling is made to keep permanent
It is fixed.
(10) liquid supply pipe 2 is installed in the top position of the water level line 4 of the left facade of outer rim 5, is supplied water by water pump 1.
(11) one funnel 9 is installed in the lower right side of model, graduated cylinder l0 is placed in lower section.
(12) it builds a dam：It is built a dam with the seperated layer water injection method of building a dam, builds initial dam 8 with sandstone in corresponding position first, then
CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is added in dam 8 in the early stage, adds to and is flushed with initial dam 8, the then water filling into CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND adds to water level and initial stage dam crest
Portion flushes, and after standing 2 hours, the sub- dam 6 of level-one of initial dam last layer is built with CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND, equally the addition in the sub- dam 6 of level-one
CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is flushed to the sub- dam of level-one 6, is then filled into CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND and is flushed with the sub- dam of level-one 6, it is same stand two hours after
Two level sub- dam 6 is built, it is several days standing to there is no water in pressure-measuring pipe after the completion of build until building to tailing dam dam crest.It has made
At Seepage Field of Tailings Dam analog simulation test system architecture schematic diagram it is as shown in Figure 1.
(13) water pump 1 is opened, the valve 3 of liquid supply pipe 2 is opened, the uniform water filling into tailing dam model adds to and water level line 4
It flushes, starts timing after flushing, read every five minutes record graduated cylinders 10, camera is used in combination to shoot 7 water level of pressure-measuring pipe, it is continuous to record
It 2 hours, records 25 times, record sheet is as shown in table 2：
2 test observation pressure-measuring pipe of table and graduated cylinder record value
(14) data processing.Test model seepage discharge is found out according to record dataAs shown in table 3；Model
Percolation flow velocity is as shown in table 4：
3 model seepage discharge of table
4 model piezometric level height of table and percolation flow velocity
Prototype seepage discharge is acquired according to seepage discharge similar scale
Prototype percolation flow velocity is acquired according to percolation flow velocity similar scaleAs shown in table 5；According to length
Each position height of water level in prototype dam body is acquired than rulerAs shown in table 6：
5 prototype percolation flow velocity of table
Each position height of water level in 6 prototype dam body of table
(15) data analysis.Seepage discharge is acquired by experimentAnd percolation flow velocityThe location drawing of saturation 13 is drawn,
As shown in Figure 4.
Foundation《Safety of Tailings Dam Specifications of Monitoring Technology》With《Mill tailings facilities design specification》, analyze what experiment obtained
The position of the section saturation 13 and seepage discharge, section row are oozed normally, and the normal operation of tailing dam can be met.
Practical prison of the tailing dam on-line monitoring system to saturation 14 under the section normal operating condition is also shown in Fig. 4
Mapping, the system carry out safe on-line real time monitoring to the variation of 14 height of saturation by osmometer, are designed in conjunction with Tailings Dam
Saturation depth set by unit etc., stringent foundation《Safety of Tailings Dam technical regulation》Equal code requirements, it is reasonable in the section
It arranges 4 monitoring points, analyses monitoring result scientifically and default sends out warning information, which can monitor that dam body infiltrates
Reach millimetre-sized water level minor change situation caused by line, it is believed that the saturation 14 that the system monitoring arrives is soaked with practical
It is almost the same to moisten line height.
The position of the section saturation 14 is obtained by on-line monitoring system, passes through Seepage Field of Tailings Dam simulation experiment system
The position of the section saturation 13 is calculated, by comparison, the two is almost the same, and error is not more than 2%.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of test method of Seepage Field of Tailings Dam analog simulation pilot system, which is characterized in that with Fu Laode similarity criterions
(Fr)p=(Fr)mIt designs a model, wherein p, m are subscript, respectively represent prototype and model, (Fr)pFor prototype Froude number, (Fr)m
For model Froude number, include the following steps：
(1) vertical section of tailing dam to be simulated is chosen；
(2) the prototype X-Y scheme of the section is drawn according to the related data of the tailing dam；
(3) selection kinematic viscosity ratio ruler λv=1, length is chosen than ruler λ according to prototype scalel, and pushed away according to Fu Laode similarity criterions
Export percolation flow velocity compares rulerSeepage discharge compares ruler
(4) according to selected λlDraw the model X-Y scheme of the section；
(5) analog simulation pilot system is made according to model X-Y scheme；
(6) water pump, feed flow tube valve are opened, uniform water filling, adds to and flushed with water level line into tailing dam model, starts after flushing
Timing, every one section of set time t record measurement cylinder reading vn, camera shooting piezometric level is used in combination to exist to record all pressure-measuring pipes
The water level value h of same timeni, wherein n=1,2,3 ..., n represent the number of record, and i=1,2,3 ..., i represent pressure-measuring pipe
Number；
(7) model data calculates：The data computation model seepage discharge recorded according to previous stepAnd it seeks average
ValueAccording to seepage quantity calculation model percolation flow velocityAnd averagedCalculate pressure-measuring pipe height averageB is the thickness of model in formula；
(8) prototype data is handled：According to seepage discharge prototype seepage discharge is acquired than rulerAccording to percolation flow velocity ratio
Ruler acquires prototype percolation flow velocityAccording to length each position height of water level in prototype dam body is acquired than rulerThe prototype saturation location drawing is drawn according to data above.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, X-Y scheme includes in the step (2)：Initial dam geometry
Shape, sub- dam geometry at different levels, the positions Gan Tan, water level line position, and the length lambda on tailing dam bottom edgelIt is 4-5 times of height of dam.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that y takes 30-100 in the step (3).
4. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that in the step (6), time t is 5 minutes, and continuous
Record 2 hours.
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| CN109800500A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-05-24 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Storage medium, the calculation method of Tailings Dam analysis of seepage flow stability and its device |
| CN111017257A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-17 | 中国特种飞行器研究所 | Equivalent simulation method and test system for seepage characteristics |
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| CN111877251B (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2021-12-03 | 重庆交通大学 | Model test method for simulating development of dam piping channel and model thereof |
| CN112883458A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-06-01 | 中国安全生产科学研究院 | Rapid permeability reducing system and method for inner top pipe of metal mine tailing pond |
| CN115099092A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-23 | 西安理工大学 | Tailing pond seepage calculation method based on three-dimensional modeling |
| CN115099092B (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2023-04-07 | 西安理工大学 | Tailing pond seepage calculation method based on three-dimensional modeling |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN105136638B (en) | 2018-04-27 |
| CN108318396B (en) | 2020-06-05 |
| CN105136638A (en) | 2015-12-09 |
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