DE112021000127T5 - INTELLIGENT MULTIPURPOSE SEALING DEFORMATION TEST SYSTEM AND ITS OPERATION PROCEDURE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical testing and discloses a multi-purpose intelligent seepage deformation test system and its method of operation, comprising a water storage tank, an intelligent pressurization and stabilization device, a multi-purpose permeameter, a leachate measuring device and a sedimentation tank. The outlet end of the water storage tank is connected to the intelligent pressurization and stabilization device. The output end of the intelligent pressurization and stabilization device is connected to the multipurpose permeameter. The outlet end of the general purpose permeameter is connected to the leachate measuring device. The outlet end of the leachate measuring device is connected to the sedimentation tank. The outlet end of the sedimentation tank is connected to the inlet end of the water storage tank. The intelligent pressurization and stabilization device, the multi-purpose permeameter and the leachate measuring device are each electrically connected to the control component.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The present application belongs to the technical field of geotechnical testing and relates in particular to an intelligent multi-purpose seepage deformation test system and method of operation thereof, particularly suitable for ultra-high water head and ultra-large particle size.

STATE OF THE ART

With the rapid development of water conservancy projects in China, rockfill dams are widely used as a type of dam that can make full use of local natural materials, can adapt to different geological conditions, has relatively simple construction methods, and has good seismic performance. The main material of the riprap dam body is riprap or sand and gravel. When the pores in the dam material are interconnected, permeable channels can be formed. Although these channels are very irregular and often narrow, gravity allows water to flow along these channels. The phenomenon of water flowing in pore channels is called seepage, the property of dam material that water can penetrate is called permeability or water permeability of dam material, which is also one of the mechanical properties of soil. With the construction of high concrete wall rockfill dams, the permeability of the dam material has become a key engineering problem that restricts the construction of high concrete wall rockfill dams. The soil permeability coefficient is a parameter for evaluating the soil's permeability. The larger the soil's permeability coefficient, the greater the water permeability and vice versa. It is therefore necessary to carry out indoor tests to check the seepage stability and safety of different filling materials in their original particle size distribution.

Most of the permeability tests of the sand and gravel dam materials in the original grading are carried out after the on-site rolling test, and only the test pit water injection method is used to determine the permeability coefficient in the unsaturated state. Due to limited conditions, the horizontal permeability parameters of the dam material and the development of the infiltration process of the sand and gravel dam material for high-head earth-rock dams cannot be measured. Since the infiltration test is performed on the existing roller compaction body, there are certain restrictions on the test conditions of the dam material and the head that can be applied is limited.

Due to the limitation of the apparatus processing conditions and the technical scale, the test facility in the current national version of the test regulations fulfills the penetration and seepage deformation test of coarse-grained soil with a maximum particle size of 60 mm and the test delivery head is usually less than 100m. For the testing of the main components sand and gravel of the original grading with the largest grain size well over 60 mm, the grading is often carried out indoors after reducing the diameter, and there are no clear test methods and devices.

• (1) Die Größe des herkömmlichen Sickerungstestgerätes ist klein (Der Innendurchmesser beträgt im Allgemeinen 200 mm und 300 mm), was die Anforderung, dass der Innendurchmesser des Penetrationsinstruments größer als das 5-fache der Partikelgröße d₈₅ ist, die 85% der Probenkornverteilung ausmacht, nicht erfüllen kann. Nur die äquivalente Kornverteilungskurve kann zur Skalierung verwendet werden, um die Partikelgröße zu reduzieren, um die Anforderung zu erfüllen, dass die Partikelgröße weniger als das 5-fache beträgt. Der so erzeugte Skaleneffekt bewirkt eine Abweichung von der tatsächlichen Situation, und die Testergebnisse spiegeln oft nicht die tatsächliche Situation wider. Darüber hinaus ist es aufgrund der geringen Festigkeit und Steifigkeit des herkömmlichen Permeameters unmöglich, Sickerungsteste an Füllmaterialien unter Einwirkung hoher Förderhöhe durchzuführen.
• (2) Die traditionelle Messmethode misst nur den Wasserdruckwert der Kontaktfläche zwischen der Seitenwand des Permeameters und der Probe. Normalerweise bildet sich aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften der beiden Materialien an der Grenzfläche leicht eine Lücke auf der Kontaktoberfläche und die Probe wird in das Instrument geladen. Die Seitenwand des traditionellen Permeameters besteht aus einer Stahlplatte, die nicht gut mit der Seitenwand des Instruments angrenzen kann, und es ist einfach, einen Seitenwandkanal zu bilden. Die Sickerkonzentration und die Beschädigung der Rohrleitungen treten zuerst aus den Poren des Instruments auf die Seitenwand. Darüber hinaus nimmt mit zunehmender Probengröße der Einfluss der Seitenwandströmung um die Innenwand des Permeameters zu, was zu einer Verzerrung der Testergebnisse führt. Darüber hinaus werden bei der traditionellen Seitenwandbehandlung in der Regel flexible wasserblockierende Materialien wie Vaseline und Plastilin verwendet. Jeder Test muss erneut angewendet werden. Wiederholte Operationen erhöhen den Testaufwand. Darüber hinaus wird, wenn die Förderhöhe bei diesem Behandlungsverfahren groß ist, eine Trennschicht zwischen dem flexiblen wasserblockierenden Material und der Innenwand des Permeameters gebildet, wodurch die Testdaten verzerrt werden.
• (3) Der vertikale Sickerungstest und der horizontale Sickerungstest des herkömmlichen Permeameters verwenden zwei unterschiedliche Testgeräte, und die Vergleichbarkeit der Testergebnisse ist schlecht. Darüber hinaus ist der Förderhöhendruck des herkömmlichen Sickerungstests relativ gering, und die Wasserversorgungsgeräte und Messgeräte werden alle manuell bedient. Die höchste Druckförderhöhe kann nur der Höhenbereich des Gebäudes sein, die Wasserdruckstabilität ist auch schlecht, die Wasserversorgungskapazität ist gering. Darüber hinaus gibt es Probleme wie Schwierigkeiten beim Aufrechterhalten eines stabilen Wasserdrucks im Permeameter, Schwierigkeiten beim Sicherstellen der Genauigkeit der Sickerwasserdurchflussmessung und niedrige Datenerfassungseffizienz.

In the seepage test, it is particularly important to accurately measure the water pressure values of different sample sections. If there are too many interfering factors at the measuring point, the data collected in the test will be easily influenced and falsified. The existing indoor seepage test has the following shortcomings:

• (1) The size of the conventional seepage tester is small (The inner diameter is generally 200mm and 300mm), which meets the requirement that the inner diameter of the penetration instrument is larger than 5 times the particle size d ₈₅ , which accounts for 85% of the sample grain distribution , cannot fulfil. Only the equivalent grain size distribution curve can be used for scaling to reduce the particle size to meet the requirement that the particle size is less than 5 times. The economies of scale thus created cause a deviation from the actual situation, and the test results often do not reflect the actual situation. In addition, due to the low strength and rigidity of the conventional permeameter, it is impossible to carry out leakage tests on filling materials under the influence of high head.
• (2) The traditional measurement method only measures the water pressure value of the contact surface between the sidewall of the permeameter and the sample. Normally, due to the different properties of the two materials at the interface, a gap is easily formed on the contact surface and the sample is loaded into the instrument. The side wall of the traditional permeameter is made of steel plate, which cannot well abut with the side wall of the instrument, and it is easy to form a side wall channel. Concentration of seepage and damage to the tubing first emerge from the pores of the instrument onto the sidewall. In addition, as the sample size increases, the influence of sidewall flow around the inner wall of the permeameter increases, leading to bias in the test results. Additionally, traditional sidewall treatment typically uses flexible water-blocking materials such as petroleum jelly and plasticine. Each test must be reapplied. Repeated operations increase the testing effort. In addition, when the head is large in this treatment method, an interface is formed between the flexible water-blocking material and the inner wall of the permeameter, thereby distorting the test data.
• (3) The vertical seepage test and the horizontal seepage test of the conventional permeameter use two different test equipment, and the comparability of the test results is poor. In addition, the head pressure of the traditional seepage test is relatively small, and the water supply equipment and gauges are all operated manually. The highest pressure head can only be the height range of the building, the water pressure stability is also poor, the water supply capacity is small. In addition, there are problems such as difficulty in maintaining stable water pressure in the permeameter, difficulty in ensuring leachate flow measurement accuracy, and low data collection efficiency.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art and to provide an intelligent multi-purpose seepage deformation test system and operating method therefor which overcomes the problems existing in the prior art.

In order to solve the technical problem, the technical solution of the present invention is a multi-purpose intelligent seepage deformation test system, comprising: a water storage tank, an intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device, a multi-purpose permeameter, a leachate measuring device, a sedimentation tank and a control component. The outlet end of the water storage tank is connected to the intelligent pressurization and stabilization device. The output end of the intelligent pressurization and stabilization device is connected to the multipurpose permeameter. The outlet end of the general purpose permeameter is connected to the leachate measuring device. The outlet end of the leachate measuring device is connected to the sedimentation tank. The outlet end of the sedimentation tank is connected to the inlet end of the water storage tank. The intelligent pressurization and stabilization device, the multi-purpose permeameter and the leachate measuring device are each electrically connected to the control component.

Preferably, the input end of the water storage tank is connected to a water supply line through a water supply pipe, and the output end of the water storage tank is connected to a smart pressurizing and stabilizing device through a connecting pipe.

Preferably, the intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device includes a water pump combination unit, a pressure transmitter, an electric control valve, a secondary pressure reducing valve, a pressure-resistant seamless steel tube, a permeameter water inlet valve, and a head water supply control component. The outlet end of the water storage tank is connected to the water pump combination unit via a connecting pipe. The outlet end of the water pump combination unit is connected to the permeameter water inlet valve by a pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe. The outlet end of the permeameter water inlet valve is connected to the multipurpose permeameter. A pressure transmitter is placed on the pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe between the water pump combination unit and the water inlet valve of the permeameter. The output end of the water pump combination unit is connected to the electric control valve. The output end of the electric control valve is connected to the secondary pressure reducing valve. The output end of the secondary pressure reducing valve is connected to the input end of the water storage tank. The water pump combination unit, the pressure transmitter and the electric control valve are each electrically connected to a head water supply control component. The head water supply control component is electrically connected to the control component.

Preferably, the water pump combination unit consists of six sets of single pump pressurizing components connected in parallel, namely the first set of single pump pressurizing components, the second set of single pump pressurizing components, the third set of single pump pressurizing components, the fourth set of single pump pressurizing components, the fifth set of single pump pressurizing components; and sixth set of single pump pressurizing components. Each set of single pump pressurizing components is assembled by sequentially connecting a water inlet valve, a water pump and a check valve through a water pressure pipe. The first set of single pump pressurization components is assembled by sequentially connecting a first water inlet valve, a first water pump, and a first check valve. The second set of single pump pressurization components is assembled by sequentially connecting a second water inlet valve, a second water pump, and a second check valve. The third set of single pump pressurization components is assembled by sequentially connecting a third water inlet valve, a third water pump, and a third check valve. The fourth set of single pump pressurization components is assembled by sequentially connecting a fourth water inlet valve, a fourth water pump, and a fourth check valve. The fifth set of single pump pressurization components is assembled by sequentially connecting a fifth water inlet valve, a fifth water pump, and a fifth check valve. The sixth set of single pump pressurization components is assembled by sequentially connecting a sixth water inlet valve, a sixth water pump, and a sixth check valve. The water pumps and the check valves are each electrically connected to the head water supply control component. The non-return valves are each mechanically connected to the pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe with a flange. The water pump combination unit has a multi-stage pump cascade configuration. The head of the first pump is 1.5~61m, the head of the second pump is 61~101m, the head of the third pump is 101~162m, the head of the fourth pump is 162~203m, the head of the fifth and sixth pump is 203-350m. The water pump combination unit thus provides a continuous and stable pressure delivery head in the range of 0-350m through the control of the control components.

Preferably, the multipurpose permeameter comprises a water inlet cavity, a sample box, a water outlet cavity, a primer adhesive layer formed by applying a primer adhesive, and a rubber putty layer of water-swellable material formed by applying a water-swellable material or rubber putty. The primer adhesive is evenly applied to the inner wall of the sample box to form a primer adhesive layer. The water-swellable material or rubber putty is evenly coated on the primer adhesive layer to form a rubber putty layer of water-swellable material. The number of sections of the sample box is one, two or more sections. The water outlet cavity, the sample box and the water outlet cavity are sequentially connected horizontally or vertically by flange connection. The water outlet cavity is connected to the leachate measuring device. A water-permeable plate is provided at the junction of the water inlet cavity, the sample box, and the water outlet cavity. When the water inlet cavity, the sample box, the water outlet cavity are sequentially connected in the horizontal direction, a horizontal seepage test is carried out. When the water inlet cavity, the sample box, the water outlet cavity are connected in order in the vertical direction, a vertical seepage test is carried out.

Preferably, the water inlet cavity consists of a vertical seepage test water inlet, a horizontal seepage test water inlet, a gas vent tube, and a steel plate water inlet cavity structure. The water inlet for vertical seepage test is vertically welded on the underside of the left face of the steel plate water inlet cavity structure. The water inlet for horizontal seepage test is vertically welded on the bottom face of the steel plate water inlet cavity structure. The gas vent pipe is vertically welded on the top face of the steel plate water inlet cavity structure. Steel plate water inlet cavity structure is square cavity. A vertical penetration support is provided on the left face of the steel plate water inlet cavity structure. When the water inlet cavity, the sample box and the water outlet cavity are sequentially connected in the vertical direction, the water inlet cavity is located at the bottom, the water outlet cavity is located at the top, and the vertical penetration support contacts a solid base or the ground to carry out a vertical seepage test. The water outlet cavity consists of a vertical seepage test water outlet, a horizontal seepage test water outlet, a sand drain pipe and a Steel plate water outlet cavity structure. The water outlet for vertical seepage test is vertically welded to the top face of the water outlet cavity structure made of steel plates. The horizontal seepage test water outlet is vertically welded to the right side of the vertical seepage test water outlet. The sand discharge pipe is vertically welded to the bottom face of the steel plate water outlet cavity structure. Steel plate water outlet cavity structure is square cavity.

Preferably, the sample box includes a box body, a cover plate and a base of the permeameter. The lower end face of the box body is set on the base of the permeameter, and the upper end face of the box body is fixed to the cover plate. The sample box has a square structure with a length of 1-5m and a cross section of 1m×1m. Pressure gauge holes are evenly distributed on the front and back of the box body. The pressure measurement bores are used for pre-embedding the extension tube for pressure measurement. The extension tube for pressure measurement is connected externally to a pressure sensor which is electrically connected to the control component. The primer adhesive layer and the rubber putty layer made of water-swellable material are sequentially applied to the front, rear and bottom inner walls of the box body. The primer adhesive layer and the rubber putty layer of water-swellable material are sequentially applied to the inner wall of the cover plate in the vicinity of the inner cavity of the box body. The box body and cover plate are steel plates, and the outsides of the box body and cover plate are welded with ribs on the outside. The top edges of the front and back of the box body are fitted with outside edges of the box body. The outer edges of the box body and the rim of the cover plate are fully perforated and connected by a first rim hole bolt. Grooves are provided at corresponding positions of the inside of the outer edge of the box body and the cover plate in the vicinity of the first shoulder hole bolt. A first water stop rubber ring is arranged in the two corresponding grooves. The upstream and downstream ends of the box body are connected with a flange joint, respectively. The upstream and downstream edges of the cover plate and the flange connection are connected by a female bolt and nut in the steel plate. In addition, grooves are provided in the steel plate at corresponding positions of the inside of the cover plate and the flange joint near the female bolt and nut. A second water stop rubber ring is placed in the two corresponding grooves. The flange connections of the two adjacent box bodies are completely perforated and connected by a second edge hole bolt. In addition, grooves are provided at corresponding positions of the inside of the two flange fittings in the vicinity of the second shoulder hole bolts. A third water stop rubber ring is provided in the two corresponding grooves. The thickness of the flange connection is 30 to 40 mm. The water permeable panel consists of a perforated steel plate with externally welded ribs. The ribs are arranged in a square shape on the perforated steel plate. The hole diameter of the perforated steel plate is 5-10mm. The hole rate is 16-20%. The coating thickness of the primer adhesive layer is 0.3-0.8mm. The primer adhesive is selected from HYT epoxy primer. The coating thickness of the rubber putty layer of the water-swellable material is 2-6 mm. The pressure measurement extension tube includes an outer filter screen, a packing material, an inner filter screen, a rigid extension tube, a flexible extension tube, a vent valve and an extension tube switching valve. The flexible extension tube, the rigid extension tube and the inner filter screen are connected in sequence and inserted into the pressure measurement port of the multipurpose permeameter. One end of the flexible extension tube is connected to the pressure measurement port of the general purpose permeameter by an extension tube connection nut. The outer filter screen and the inner filter screen are both spherical in shape with a side opening, and the inner filter screen is encased within the outer filter screen. The opening side of the outer filter screen and the inner filter screen are connected to the rigid extension pipe. The space enclosed by the outer filter screen and the inner filter screen is used for filling the filling material. The changeover valve and the vent valve of the extension tube are both connected to the outside of the multipurpose permeameter pressure port. The changeover valve and the extension tube vent valve are both connected to the flexible extension tube. The position of the bleed valve is higher than the extension tube switching valve. The pressure sensor is connected to the changeover valve of the extension tube. The outer wall of the rigid extension tube is covered with a ring steel sheet. The outer walls of the rigid extension tube and the flexible extension tube are both coated with a resilient polyurethane material.

Preferably, the leachate measuring device includes a water inlet pipe, an electromagnetic flow meter, a water outlet valve, a graduated cylinder water outlet, a switching valve, a connecting pipe, a water outlet pipe, a large graduated cylinder, a small graduated cylinder, a Magnetic remote level gauge, a graduated cylinder base, a small graduated cylinder water release valve and a large graduated cylinder water release valve. One end of the water inlet tube is connected to the water outlet cavity, the other end of the water inlet tube is connected to the graduated cylinder water outlet. An electromagnetic flow meter and a water outlet valve are provided on the piping between the water inlet pipe and the graduated cylinder water outlet. The large graduated cylinder and the small graduated cylinder are each mounted vertically on the graduated cylinder base. The large graduated cylinder and the small graduated cylinder are connected to each other by a connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe is equipped with a switching valve. The small measuring cylinder is connected to the magnetic flap remote level indicator. The remote magnetic level indicator and the electromagnetic flow meter are each electrically connected to the control component. The bottoms of the large graduated cylinder and the small graduated cylinder are each connected to the sedimentation tank through the water outlet pipe. A water outlet valve of the large graduated cylinder is arranged on the water outlet pipe between the large graduated cylinder and the sedimentation tank. A water outlet valve of the small graduated cylinder is arranged on the water outlet pipe between the small graduated cylinder and the sedimentation tank. The graduated cylinder water outlets are two graduated cylinder water outlets located directly above the large graduated cylinder and the small graduated cylinder, respectively.

The control component preferably comprises a PLC cabinet, a computer, a signal cable and an operating system developed on the basis of the FLC software, the operating system developed on the basis of the FLC software being installed on the computer and a frequency converter in the PLC cabinet and a pressure transmitter with a digital display are provided. The frequency converter and the pressure transmitter with digital display are each connected to the operating system developed on the basis of the FLC software. The frequency converter and the pressure transmitter with digital display are connected to the intelligent pressurization and stabilization device, the multi-purpose permeameter and the leachate measuring device via a signal cable.

Preferably, a method of operation of the intelligent multi-purpose seepage deflection test system as described in any of the above descriptions comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Assembling the box body and adjusting the multi-purpose permeameter according to the sample length: adjusting the multi-purpose permeameter in a horizontal direction when conducting a horizontal seepage test and adjusting the multi-purpose permeameter 3 in a vertical direction when conducting a vertical seepage test;

Step 2: Load the sample: load the sample into the multipurpose permeameter;

Step 3: Pressurizing for the test: starting the intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device by the control component, feeding the water in the water storage tank under pressure into the multi-purpose permeameter, with the leachate of the multi-purpose permeameter entering the leachate measuring device for detection, then that Leachate enters the sedimentation tank and finally reaches the water storage tank 1 for recovery.

Step 4: Collect data and decompress for testing.

• (1) Die Querschnittsgröße des Probenkastens des Mehrzweck-Permeameters der vorliegenden Erfindung wird auf 1 m × 1 m vergrößert, was den Permeabilitätstest des Füllmaterials in Originalkornverteilung mit einer maximalen Partikelgröße von 300 mm erfüllen kann. Die Kontrollierbarkeit des Standards der Probenvorbereitung ist stark. Der Vorgang der Probenvorbereitung ist bequemer und schneller und der Skaleneffekt wird vermeidet, was die tatsächliche Situation genau widerspiegeln kann. Der Mehrzweck-Permeameter der vorliegenden Erfindung übernimmt das strukturelle Design von geschweißten Rippen an der Stahlplatte und die Rippen sind in einem Quadrat mit einem Abstand von 10 cm angeordnet, was die Festigkeit und Steifigkeit des Mehrzweck-Permeameters verbessert. Damit ist der Permeabilitätstest mit dem maximalen Testwasserdruck von 3,5 MPa durchführbar.
• (2) Die Innenwand des Probenkastens des Mehrzweck-Permeameters der vorliegenden Erfindung wird nacheinander mit einer Grundierklebstoffschicht und einer Gummikittschicht aus wasserquellbarem Material beschichtet. Die Grundierklebstoffschicht hat Haftkraft an der Innenwand des Probenkastens und der Gummikittschicht aus wasserquellbarem Material. Wenn die Probe gesättigt ist, quillt und verformt sich die gelierte Beschichtungsschicht aus flexiblen Partikeln, nachdem sie auf Wasser trifft, und füllt alle unregelmäßigen Oberflächen, Hohlräume und Lücken zwischen der Innenwand des Probenkastens der vorliegenden Erfindung und der Kontaktoberfläche der Probe. Gleichzeitig wird ein größerer Anpressdruck erzeugt, wodurch die Seitenwandleckage während des Sickerungstests reduziert wird, der Sickerungstest mehr an die tatsächliche Situation angepasst wird und die Ergebnisse des Sickerungstests genauer und zuverlässiger sind. Ferner kann die Beschichtung wiederverwendet werden, was der Prüfablauf vereinfacht, das Material einspart und die Prüfkosten reduziert.
• (3) Die Sickerwasser-Messvorrichtung der vorliegenden Erfindung verwendet eine Kombination einer Magnetklappe-Füllstandsfernanzeige und eines elektromagnetischen Durchflussmessers, damit der Durchflussmessbereich unter der Prämisse erweitert, die Messgenauigkeit und Genauigkeit der Wassersickerungsmessung zu erfüllen. Bei kleinen Sickerwassermengen wird die Magnetklappe-Füllstandsfernanzeige zum Einzylindermessverfahren verwendet und bei großen Sickerwassermengen die Magnetklappe-Füllstandsfernanzeige zum Zweizylindermessverfahren verwendet. Wenn die Sickerwassermenge weiter ansteigt, wird der elektromagnetische Durchflussmesser zur Messung verwendet. Es erfüllt die Messanforderungen der Sickerwassermengen unter Einwirkung verschiedener Testförderhöhe des großformatigen Permeameters. Wenn die Magnetklappe-Füllstandsfernanzeige den Durchfluss misst, werden zwei Modi von Einzylindermessverfahren und Zweizylindermessverfahren eingestellt. Damit wird der anwendbare Bereich der Magnetklappe-Füllstandsfernanzeige erweitert. Gleichzeitig ist eine ausreichende Genauigkeit, hohe Messgenauigkeit und Automatisierung sowie ein breites Anwendungsspektrum garantiert. Die Sickerwasser-Messvorrichtung kann das automatische Datenerfassungsmodul des Messmodus umstellen, was einen hohen Automatisierungsgrad aufweist und einfach zu bedienen ist. Das heißt, die Genauigkeit der Messung der Sickermenge beim Sickerverformungstest wird verbessert, die Testeffizienz wird verbessert und der Arbeitsaufwand wird reduziert und die Testkosten werden reduziert.
• (4) Die Wasserpumpen-Kombinationseinheit der intelligenten Druckbeaufschlagungs- und Stabilisierungsvorrichtung der vorliegenden Erfindung kann eine kontinuierliche und stabile Testförderhöhe im Bereich von 0-350 m bereitstellen. Zu den Komponenten zur Reduzierung des Endwasserdrucks gehören ein elektrisches Regelventil und ein sekundäres Druckreduzierventil, um zu gewährleisten, das Ablassen des Endwassers mit niedrigem Druck in den Speichertank einzuleiten. Die vorliegende Erfindung kann die Testförderhöhe des Permeabilitätstests von Niederdruck bis Hochdruck im Bereich von 0 bis 350 m durch den mehrstufigen Wasserpumpen-Kaskadenkonfigurations-Kombinationsmodus bereitstellen. Damit ist der Wasserversorgungsdruck stabil, der Druckbereich ist breit, die Druckregelung ist genau und die Automatisierung ist hoch, was das Problem des Wasserversorgungsdrucks für den Sickerungstest in Innenräumen mit hoher Förderhöhe löst.
• (5) Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt ein intelligentes Mehrzweck-Sickerverformungstestsystem bereit, das eine hohe Testgenauigkeit und einen hohen Automatisierungsgrad aufweist, durch menschliche Bedienung verursachte Fehler reduziert und einfach zu bedienen ist. Durch Änderung der Verbindungen des Probenkastens des Mehrzweck-Permeameters können sowohl horizontale als auch vertikale Permeationstests durchgeführt werden, wodurch ein Kasten für mehrere Zwecke realisiert wird. Die Ergebnisse der vertikalen und horizontalen Permeationstests desselben Modells können wissenschaftlicher analysiert werden, was erhebliche Kosten spart.
• (6) Das Verlängerungsrohr zur Druckmessung der vorliegenden Erfindung kann den Wasserdruck im Inneren der Sickerungstestprobe messen, was die Genauigkeit der Messergebnisse effektiv verbessert. Das Verlängerungsrohr zur Druckmessung kann wiederverwendet werden. Es hat eine einfache Struktur und ist bequem zu bedienen. Die Länge des Verlängerungsrohrs kann entsprechend den Testanforderungen angepasst werden. Die Außenwand des Verlängerungsrohrs ist mit wasserquellbarem Polyurethanmaterial beschichtet und mit einem Ringstahlblech geschweißt, wodurch der Spalt und die Strömung zwischen der Außenwand des Verlängerungsrohrs zur Druckmessung und der Probe effektiv reduziert werden können. Damit wird die Testgenauigkeit verbessert und die Testerfolgsrate wird verbessert. Das flexible Verlängerungsrohr des Verlängerungsrohrs zur Druckmessung kann durch die Einstellung von Richtung und Winkel eine Verschiebung bewirken, damit die Anforderung nach Verschiebung der Probe während des Vorbereitungsprozesses erfüllt werden kann.

The advantages of the present invention over the prior art are:

• (1) The cross-sectional size of the sample box of the multipurpose permeameter of the present invention is increased to 1m × 1m, which can meet the permeability test of the packing material in original grain size distribution with a maximum particle size of 300mm. The controllability of the sample preparation standard is strong. The sample preparation process is more convenient and faster, and avoids the effect of scale, which can accurately reflect the actual situation. The multi-purpose permeameter of the present invention adopts the structural design of welded ribs on the steel plate, and the ribs are arranged in a square with a pitch of 10 cm, which improves the strength and rigidity of the multi-purpose permeameter. This means that the permeability test can be carried out with the maximum test water pressure of 3.5 MPa.
• (2) The inner wall of the sample box of the multipurpose permeameter of the present invention is successively coated with a primer adhesive layer and a rubber putty layer made of water-swellable material. The primer adhesive layer has adhesion to the inner wall of the sample box and the rubber putty layer made of water-swellable material. When the sample is saturated, the gelled coating layer of flexible particles swells and deforms after hitting water, and fills any irregular surfaces, voids and gaps between the inner wall of the sample box of the present invention and the contact surface of the sample. At the same time, a larger contact pressure is generated, thereby reducing the sidewall leakage during the leakage test, making the leakage test more consistent with the actual situation, and the leakage test results are more accurate and reliable. Furthermore, the coating can be reused, which simplifies the test process, saves material and reduces test costs.
• (3) The leachate measuring device of the present invention uses a combination of a remote magnetic level indicator and an electromagnetic flow meter to expand the flow measurement range under the premise of meeting the measurement accuracy and accuracy of water infiltration measurement. In the case of small amounts of seepage water, the remote magnetic flap level indicator is used for the one-cylinder measuring method, and for large amounts of seepage water, the remote magnetic flap level indicator is used for the two-cylinder measuring method. If the amount of leachate continues to increase, the electromagnetic flow meter is used for measurement. It meets the measurement requirements of the leachate quantities under the influence of different test delivery heads of the large-sized permeameter. When the remote magnetic valve level indicator measures flow, two modes of single cylinder measurement method and two cylinder measurement method are set. This expands the applicable range of the magnetic flap remote level indicator. At the same time, sufficient accuracy, high measurement accuracy and automation, as well as a wide range of applications are guaranteed. The leachate measuring device can switch the automatic data collection module of the measurement mode, which has a high degree of automation and is easy to operate. That is, the accuracy of measuring the amount of seepage in the seepage deformation test is improved, the test efficiency is improved, and the labor is reduced and the test cost is reduced.
• (4) The water pump combination unit of the intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device of the present invention can provide continuous and stable test head in the range of 0-350m. End water pressure reducing components include an electric control valve and a secondary pressure reducing valve to ensure discharge of the low pressure end water to the storage tank. The present invention can provide the test head of permeability test from low pressure to high pressure in the range of 0 to 350m through the multi-stage water pump cascade configuration combination mode. With it, the water supply pressure is stable, the pressure range is wide, the pressure control is accurate, and the automation is high, which solves the problem of water supply pressure for indoor high-head seepage test.
• (5) The present invention provides an intelligent multi-purpose seepage deformation test system, which has high test accuracy and high degree of automation, reduces errors caused by human operation, and is easy to operate. By changing the sample box connections of the multi-purpose permeameter, both horizontal and vertical permeation tests can be performed, realizing one box for multiple purposes. The results of the vertical and horizontal permeation tests of the same model can be analyzed more scientifically, which saves significant costs.
• (6) The pressure measurement extension tube of the present invention can measure the water pressure inside the seepage test sample, which effectively improves the accuracy of the measurement results. The pressure measurement extension tube can be reused. It has a simple structure and is convenient to use. The length of the extension tube can be adjusted according to the testing needs. The outer wall of the extension tube is coated with water-swellable polyurethane material and welded with a ring steel plate, which can effectively reduce the gap and flow between the outer wall of the pressure measurement extension tube and the sample. With this, the test accuracy is improved and the test success rate is improved. The flexible extension tube of the pressure measurement extension tube can provide displacement by adjusting the direction and angle, so that the requirement of sample displacement can be met during the preparation process.

character list

• 1 Figure 12 is a schematic representation of a multi-purpose intelligent seepage deflection test system of the present invention;
• 2 Figure 12 is a process flow diagram of a multi-purpose intelligent seepage deflection test system of the present invention;
• 3 Figure 12 is a schematic representation of a multipurpose permeameter of a multipurpose intelligent seepage deflection test system of the present invention;
• 4 13 is an enlarged right cross-sectional view of part A of FIG 3 of the present invention;
• 5 12 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of part B of FIG 3 of the present invention;
• 6 12 is an enlarged left cross-sectional view of part C of FIG 3 of the present invention;
• 7 Figure 12 is a schematic representation of a leachate measurement device of a multi-purpose intelligent seepage deformation test system of the present invention;
• 8th Figure 12 is a schematic representation of an extension tube for pressure measurement of a multi-purpose intelligent seepage deflection test system of the present invention;
• 9 Fig. 12 is a grain distribution curve diagram of the transition material of the filler in Embodiment 9 of the present invention;
• 10 Fig. 14 is a graph of Igi-Igv relationship curves in the horizontal seepage deformation test of the transition material in original grain size distribution in Embodiment 9 of the present invention;
• 11 Fig. 12 is a granularity curve diagram of the cushioning material of sand gravel filler in Embodiment 10 of the present invention;
• 12 Fig. 12 is a graph of Igi-Igv relationship in vertical seepage deformation test of cushioning material in embodiment 10 of the present invention.

Reference List

1

water storage tank,

2

intelligent pressurization and stabilization device,

3

multipurpose permeameter,

4

leachate measuring device,

5

sedimentation tank,

6

control component,

7

water supply pipe,

8th

connecting pipe,

9

water pump combination unit,

10

pressure transmitter,

11

electric control valve,

12

secondary pressure reducing valve,

13

Pressure-resistant seamless steel tube,

14

permeameter water inlet valve,

15

head water supply control component,

16

water inlet valve,

17

Water pump,

18

Check valve,

19

water inlet cavity,

20

sample box,

21

water outlet cavity,

22

primer adhesive layer,

23

rubber putty layer made of water-swellable material,

24

vertical penetration support,

25

pressure gauge hole,

26

Rib,

27

first edge hole bolt,

28

first water stop rubber ring,

29

flange connection,

30

inner screw with nut in steel plate,

31

second water stop rubber ring,

32

second rim hole bolt,

33

third water stop rubber ring,

34

water inlet pipe,

35

electromagnetic flow meter,

36

water outlet valve,

37

graduated cylinder water outlet,

38

switching valve,

39

connecting pipe,

40

water outlet pipe,

41

large measuring cylinder,

42

small graduated cylinder,

43

remote magnetic flap level indicator,

44

graduated cylinder base,

45

no graduated cylinder water outlet valve,

46

large graduated cylinder water outlet valve,

47

water permeable plate,

48

pressure gauge extension tube;

6-1

plc cabinet,

6-2

Computer,

6-3

signal cable;

16-1

first water inlet valve,

17-1

first water pump

18-1

first check valve;

16-2

second water inlet valve,

17-2

second water pump,

18-2

second check valve;

16-4

fourth water inlet valve,

17-4

fourth water pump,

18-4

fourth check valve;

16-5

fifth water inlet valve,

17-5

fifth water pump,

18-5

fifth check valve;

16-6

sixth water inlet valve,

17-6

sixth water pump,

18-6

sixth check valve;

19-1

water inlet for vertical seepage test,

19-2

water inlet for horizontal seepage test,

19-3

gas vent pipe,

19-4

steel plate water inlet cavity structure;

21-1

water outlet for vertical seepage test,

21-2

water outlet for horizontal seepage test,

21-3

sand drain pipe,

21-4

steel plate water outlet cavity structure;

20-1

box body,

20-2

cover plate,

20-3

base of the permeameter,

20-1-1

outer edge of the box body;

48.1

outer filter screen,

48-2

Filling material,

48-3

inner filter screen,

48-4

ring steel sheet,

48-5

rigid extension tube,

48-6

flexible extension tube,

48-7

extension tube connector nut,

48-8

vent valve,

48-9

Extension tube switching valve.

EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The specific implementation of the present invention is described below in connection with exemplary embodiments:

It should be noted that the structure, ratio, size, etc. shown in this specification are only used to correspond to the content disclosed in the specification for those familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to to limit the implementation of the present invention. Any structural modification, change in proportional relationship, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention without impairing the effects and objects that can be achieved by the present invention.

At the same time, the terms such as "top", "bottom", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" cited in the description are only used for ease of presentation and clarity, rather than limiting the scope of the present invention. Changing or adjusting the relative ratio without substantially changing the technical content is considered to be the scope of implementation of the present invention.

Example1

As in 1 As shown, the present invention discloses a multi-purpose intelligent seepage deformation test system comprising: a water storage tank 1, an intelligent pressurization and stabilization device 2, a multi-purpose permeameter 3, a leachate measuring device 4, a sedimentation tank 5 and a control component 6. The outlet end of the water storage tank 1 is connected to the intelligent pressurization and stabilization device 2. The exit end of the intelligent pressurization and stabilization device 2 is connected to the multi-purpose permeameter 3. The outlet end of the general-purpose permeameter 3 is connected to the leachate measuring device 4 . The outlet end of the leachate measuring device 4 is connected to the sedimentation tank 5 . The outlet end of the sedimentation tank 5 is connected to the inlet end of the water storage tank 1 . The intelligent pressurization and stabilization device 2, the multi-purpose permeameter 3 and the leachate measuring device 4 are electrically connected to the control component 6, respectively.

Example 2

Preferably, as in 1 As shown, the input end of the water storage tank 1 is connected to a water supply line through a water supply pipe 7 , and the output end of the water storage tank 1 is connected to a smart pressurizing and stabilizing device 2 through a connecting pipe 8 .

Preferably, as in 1 1, the water supply pipe 7 is connected to the water inlet of the water storage tank 1, the water outlet of the water storage tank 1 is connected to the intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device 2 via the connection pipe 8. The intelligent pressurization and stabilization device 2 is connected to the control component 6 via a signal cable 6-3. The intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device 2 is connected to the water inlet 19-1 for vertical seepage test or to the water inlet 19-2 for horizontal seepage test of the general-purpose permeameter 3 via a pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe 13 . A plurality of pressure measuring holes 25 are provided on the outside of the box of the multi-purpose permeameter 3 . The pressure measurement bores 25 are used for pre-embedding the extension tube for pressure measurement 48 . The extension tube for pressure measurement 48 is externally connected to a pressure sensor which is electrically connected to the control component 6 . The water outlet for vertical seepage test 21 - 1 and the water outlet for horizontal seepage test 21 - 2 are connected to the seepage water measuring device 4 via the water inlet pipe 34 . The leachate measuring device 4 is connected to the sedimentation tank 5, which is connected to the water storage tank 1 via the connecting pipe 8 to form a water circulation system. The intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device 2 is connected to the control component 6 via a pressure sensor and the leachate measuring device 4 via the signal cable 6-3 to return the test data.

The length of the extension tube for pressure measurement 48 is approximately 25 cm. Since the cross section of the multi-purpose permeameter 3 is 1m × 1m and the extension tube for pressure measurement is set to 25cm, the measurable distance is 25cm from the inner wall of the multi-purpose permeameter 3. The measurement is accurate.

Example 3

Preferably, the intelligent pressurization and stabilization device 2 comprises, as in 1 and 2 1, a water pump combination unit 9, a pressure transmitter 10, an electric control valve 11, a secondary pressure reducing valve 12, a pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe 13, a permeameter water inlet valve 14, and a head water supply control component. The outlet end of the water storage tank 1 is connected to the water pump combination unit 9 via a connection pipe 8 . The outlet end of the water pump combination unit 9 is connected to the water inlet valve 14 of the permeameter via a pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe 13. The outlet end of the permeameter water inlet valve 14 is connected to the multipurpose permeameter 3 . A pressure transmitter 10 is arranged on the pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe 13 between the water pump combination unit 9 and the water inlet valve 14 of the permeameter. The outlet end of the water pump combination unit 9 is connected to the electric control valve 11 . The output end of the electric control valve 11 is connected to the secondary pressure reducing valve 12 . The output end of the secondary pressure reducing valve 12 is connected to the input end of the water storage tank 1 . The water pump combination unit 9, the pressure transmitter 10 and the electric control valve 11 are each connected to a head water supply control component 15 electrically. The head water supply control component 15 is electrically connected to the control component 6 .

As in 1 and 2 As shown, the water pump combination unit 9 preferably consists of six sets of single pump pressurizing components connected in parallel, viz first set of single pump pressurizing components, second set of single pump pressurizing components, third set of single pump pressurizing components, fourth set of single pump pressurizing components, fifth set of single pump pressurizing components, and sixth set of single pump pressurizing components. Each set of single pump pressurizing components is assembled by sequentially connecting a water inlet valve 16, a water pump 17 and a check valve 18 through a water pressure pipe. The first set of single pump pressurizing components is assembled by sequentially connecting a first water inlet valve 16-1, a first water pump 17-1, and a first check valve 18-1. The second set of single pump pressurizing components is assembled by sequentially connecting a second water inlet valve 16-2, a second water pump 17-2, and a second check valve 18-2. The third set of single pump pressurizing components is assembled by sequentially connecting a third water inlet valve 16-3, a third water pump 17-3, and a third check valve 18-3. The fourth set of single pump pressurizing components is assembled by sequentially connecting a fourth water inlet valve 16-4, a fourth water pump 17-4, and a fourth check valve 18-4. The fifth set of single pump pressurizing components is assembled by sequentially connecting a fifth water inlet valve 16-5, a fifth water pump 17-5, and a fifth check valve 18-5. The sixth set of single pump pressurizing components is assembled by sequentially connecting a sixth water inlet valve 16-6, a sixth water pump 17-6, and a sixth check valve 18-6. The water pumps and the check valves are electrically connected to the head water supply control component 15, respectively. The check valves are each mechanically connected to the pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe 13 by flange.

The number of sets of single-pump pressurizing components can be adjusted according to the required pressure delivery head.

The water pump combination unit 9 has a multi-stage pump cascade configuration. The head of the first water pump 17-1 is 1.5~61m, the head of the second pump 17-2 is 61~101m, the head of the third pump 17-3 is 101~162m, the head of the fourth pump 17- 4 is 162~203m, the head of the fifth 17-5 and sixth 17-6 pump is 203-350m. The water pump combination unit 9 thus provides a continuous and stable pressure delivery head in the range of 0-350 m through the control of the control component 6 . The rated flow of each pump is 0~42 m ³ /h. The maximum flow rate of the water supply under the combined control of several pumps is 120 m ³ /h. The time from start to reaching the specified working frequency of the water pump is set to 3s. The time from turning off to stopping the operation of the water pump is set to 15s.

If the pressure head required for the test is less than the initial pressure head of the first water pump 17-1, the degree of opening of the electric control valve 11 is preferably adjusted after the first water pump 17-1 is turned on to control the amount of return water, to stably output the pressure delivery head required for the test.

When the pressure head is less than 1.5m, it is not stable to control the water pressure by the water pump. The present invention uses the first water pump 17-1 to continuously deliver a delivery head value of 1.5 m, and then adjusts the pressure delivery head by controlling the opening of the electric control valve 11. The larger the opening degree of the electric control valve 11, the smaller the pressure supply level.

The head water supply controller 15 is a PLC controller.

Example 4

As in 1 , 3 and 6 As shown, the multi-purpose permeameter 3 preferably comprises a water inlet cavity 19, a sample box 20, a water outlet cavity 21, a primer adhesive layer 22 formed by applying a primer adhesive, and a rubber putty layer 23 of water-swellable material formed by applying a water-swellable material or rubber putty. The primer adhesive is applied evenly to the inner wall of the sample box 20 to form a primer adhesive layer 22 . The water-swellable material or rubber putty is applied uniformly on the primer adhesive layer 22 to form a rubber putty layer 23 of water-swellable material the. The number of sections of the sample box 20 is one, two or more sections. The water outlet cavity 19, the sample box 20 and the water outlet cavity 21 are horizontally or vertically sequentially connected by flange connection. The water outlet cavity 21 is connected to the leachate measuring device 4 . At the junction of the water inlet cavity 19, the sample box 20, and the water outlet cavity 21, a water permeable plate 47 is provided. When the water inlet cavity 19, the sample box 20, the water outlet cavity 21 are sequentially connected in the horizontal direction, a horizontal seepage test is performed. When the water inlet cavity 19, the sample box 20, the water outlet cavity 21 are sequentially connected in the vertical direction, a vertical seepage test is carried out.

The present invention can perform a horizontal seepage test and a vertical seepage test by adjusting the spatial arrangement of the water inlet cavity 19, the sample box 20 and the water outlet cavity 21. When the water inlet cavity 19, the sample box 20, the water outlet cavity 21 are sequentially connected in the horizontal direction, a horizontal seepage test is performed. When the water inlet cavity 19, the sample box 20, the water outlet cavity 21 are sequentially connected in the vertical direction, a vertical seepage test is carried out. One set of the device can perform two types of leakage test, greatly reducing the test cost.

The water inlet cavity 19 is used to balance the water pressure so that the water pressure at the pressurized portion of the water inlet of the samples is stable and balanced. The sample box 20 is for filling samples that can meet the seepage test of coarse-grained soil samples with a maximum particle size of less than 300 mm. The water outlet cavity 21 serves to collect the water that has penetrated the sample section and to ensure the free drainage of the water flow at the water outlet of the sample. The function of the water-permeable plate 47 is to ensure the free passage of test water through the plate body, while the water-permeable plate 47 plays a role in supporting and shaping the sample.

Preferably, as in 1 and 3 As shown, the water inlet cavity 19 consists of a water inlet 19-1 for vertical seepage test, a water inlet 19-2 for horizontal seepage test, a gas vent tube 19-3 and a water inlet cavity structure of steel plates 19-4. The water inlet 19-1 for vertical seepage test is vertically welded on the underside of the left face of the steel plate water inlet cavity structure 19-4. The water inlet 19-2 for horizontal seepage test is vertically welded on the bottom face of the steel plate water inlet cavity structure 19-4. The gas vent pipe 19-3 is vertically welded on the upper face of the water inlet cavity structure made of steel plates 19-4. The steel plate water inlet cavity structure 19-4 is a square cavity. A vertical penetration support 24 is provided on the left face of the water inlet cavity structure made of steel plates 19-4. When the water inlet cavity 19, the sample box 20 and the water outlet cavity 21 are sequentially connected in the vertical direction, the water inlet cavity 19 is located at the bottom and the water outlet cavity 21 is located at the top, and the vertical penetration support 24 contacts a solid base or the ground to perform a vertical seepage test . The water outlet cavity 21 consists of a water outlet 21-1 for vertical seepage test, a water outlet 21-2 for horizontal seepage test, a sand discharge pipe 21-3, and a water outlet cavity structure made of steel plates 21-4. The water outlet 21-1 for vertical seepage test is vertically welded to the upper face of the water outlet cavity structure made of steel plates 21-4. The horizontal seepage test water outlet 21-2 is vertically welded to the right side of the vertical seepage test water outlet 21-2. The sand discharge pipe 21-3 is vertically welded to the lower face of the water outlet cavity structure made of steel plates 21-4. The steel plate water outlet cavity structure 21-4 is a square cavity.

The vertical seepage test water inlet 19-1 is used for the vertical seepage test water inlet, and the horizontal seepage test water inlet 19-2 is used for the horizontal seepage test water inlet.

The water inlet 21-1 for vertical seepage test and the water inlet 21-2 for horizontal seepage test are used to connect a pressurized water device to the permeameter. The gas vent tube 19-3 removes the air in the water inlet cavity 19 and pores when the sample is saturated.

Preferably, as in 1 and 3 1, the sample box 20 includes a box body 20-1, a cover plate 20-2, and a permeameter base 20-3. The lower end surface of the box body 20-1 is set on the base of the permeameter 20-3, and the upper end surface of the box body 20-1 is fixed to the cover plate 20-2. The sample box 20 has a square structure with a length of 1-5m and a cross section of 1m×1m. Pressure measuring holes 25 are evenly distributed on the front and back of the box body 20-1. The pressure measuring holes 25 are used for pre-embedding the extension tube for pressure measurement 48. The length of the extension tube for pressure measurement 48 is 25 cm. The pressure measurement extension tube 48 is externally connected to a pressure sensor and the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the control component 6 . The primer adhesive layer 22 and the rubber putty layer 23 made of water-swellable material are sequentially applied to the front, rear and bottom inner walls of the box body 20-1. The primer adhesive layer 22 and the rubber putty layer 23 made of water-swellable material are successively applied to the inner wall of the cover plate in the vicinity of the inner cavity of the box body 20-1. The box body 20-1 and the cover plate 20-2 are both steel plates. The outsides of the box body 20-1 and the cover plate 20-2 are both welded to ribs 26 on the outside. The ribs 26 are arranged in a square with a pitch of 10 cm. The strength and rigidity of the ribs 26 meet the requirement that the deformation value of each portion of the specimen box 20 within a length of 2 m under the action of the maximum test water pressure of 3.5 MPa is less than 2 mm. This setting can avoid the influence of the deformation of the sample box 20 on the test.

As in 1 , 3 , 4 and 5 As shown, the top edges of the front and back of the box body 20-1 are provided with outer edges 20-1-1 of the box body. The outer edge 20-1-1 of the box body and the edge of the cover plate 20-2 are completely perforated and connected by a first edge hole bolt 27. At corresponding positions of the inside of the outer edge 20-1-1 of the box body and the cover plate 20-2 in the vicinity of the first shoulder hole bolt 27, grooves are provided. A first water stop rubber ring 28 is arranged in the two corresponding grooves. The upstream and downstream ends of the box body 20-1 are connected to a flange fitting 29, respectively. The upstream and downstream edges of the cover plate 20-2 and the flange fitting 29 are connected to each other by a female screw and nut 30 in the steel plate. In addition, grooves are provided at corresponding positions of the inside of the cover plate 20-2 and the flanged fitting 29 in the vicinity of the female bolt and nut 30 in the steel plate. A second water stop rubber ring 31 is arranged in the two corresponding grooves. The flange connections 29 of the two adjacent box bodies 20 - 1 are completely perforated and connected by a second edge hole bolt 32 . In addition, grooves are provided at corresponding positions of the inside of the two flange terminals 29 near the second shoulder hole bolts 32 . A third water stop rubber ring 33 is provided in the two corresponding grooves. The thickness of the flange connection is 30 to 40 mm.

The box body 20-1 is used for filling samples, and the cover plate 20-2 is used for sealing the filled samples. The length of the box body 20 is 1 ~ 3m and the cross section is 1m × 1m, which meets the requirements of the length and width of the sample with the corresponding particle size in the test, and facilitates the preparation of the sample for horizontal seepage test as well as the test operation.

The function of the ribs 26 is to increase the strength and rigidity of the entire box body of the permeameter and prevent large displacement and deformation of the box body under the action of high water pressure, thereby affecting the stability of the sample and the accuracy of the test. The strength and rigidity of the ribs 7 meet the requirement that the deformation value of each portion of the specimen box 20 within a length of 2 m under the action of the maximum test water pressure of 3.5 MPa is less than 2 mm. The function is to ensure that the reasonable deflection value is allowable under the premise of meeting the test requirements and saves the cost of the permeameter. At the same time, the allowable deformation value is acceptable under the deformation compensation of the rubber putty of the water-swellable material on the inner wall.

The water-permeable plate 47 consists of a perforated steel plate with ribs welded on the outside. The ribs are arranged in a square shape on the perforated steel plate. The hole diameter of the perforated steel plate is 5-10mm. The hole rate is 16-20%. The coating thickness of the primer adhesive layer 22 is 0.3-0.8 mm. The primer adhesive is selected from HYT epoxy primer. The coating thickness of the rubber putty layer of the water-swellable material is 2-6 mm.

The hole diameter of the perforated steel plate is 8mm, which ensures that the fine particles in the sample have a sufficient channel size to be transported by the water flow, while ensuring the stability of the sample. According to previous test experience, the particle size of the sample transported by the water flow is generally less than 8 mm. The hole rate is 16-20%. This ensures the overall water permeability of the water-permeable plate, prevents too low a perforation rate, which affects the drainage of sample leachate, and too large a perforation rate, which reduces the strength and rigidity of the perforated steel plate.

The primer adhesive layer 20 has adhesion to the inner wall of the sample box and the rubber putty layer made of water-swellable material. The coating thickness of the primer adhesive layer is 0.3-0.8mm. Under the condition of water osmotic pressure of 3.5 MPa, the adhesion between the sample box body 20 of the permeameter and the primer adhesive and between the primer adhesive and the rubber putty of the water-swellable material is stable without delamination.

As in 8th As shown, the pressure measurement extension tube 48 comprises an outer filter screen 48-1, a packing material 48-2, an inner filter screen 48-3, a rigid extension tube 48-5, a flexible extension tube 48-6, a vent valve 48-8 and a switching valve of the extension tube 48-9. The flexible extension tube 48-6, the rigid extension tube 48-5 and the inner filter screen 48-3 are sequentially connected and inserted into the pressure measurement port 25 of the multipurpose permeameter 3. One end of the flexible extension tube 48-6 is connected to the pressure measurement port 25 of the general purpose permeameter 3 by an extension tube connection nut 48-7. The outer filter screen 48-1 and the inner filter screen 48-3 are both spherical in shape with a side opening, and the inner filter screen 48-3 is encased within the outer filter screen 48-1. The opening side of the outer filter screen 48-1 and the inner filter screen 48-3 are both connected to the rigid extension tube 48-5. The space enclosed by the outer filter screen 48-1 and the inner filter screen 48-3 is used for filling the filling material 48-2. The changeover valve 48-9 and the vent valve 48-8 of the extension tube are both connected to the outside of the pressure measuring port 25 of the multipurpose permeameter 3. The changeover valve 48-9 and the extension tube vent valve 48-8 are both connected to the flexible extension tube 48-6. The position of the vent valve 48-8 is higher than the changeover valve 48-9 of the extension tube. The pressure sensor is connected to the changeover valve 48-9 of the extension tube. The outer wall of the rigid extension tube 48-5 is covered with a hoop steel plate 48-4. The outer walls of the rigid extension tube 48-5 and the flexible extension tube 48-6 are both coated with a resilient polyurethane material.

The fill material 48-2 is fine gravel. The particle size of the fine gravel is 2mm to 5mm, and the coefficient of unevenness is less than 2. Under the premise that the fine gravel does not escape from the filter screen, the fine gravel of this specification has the best filtering effect.

The 48-5 rigid extension tube uses 304 steel hollow round tube. Its tensile strength is better than ordinary stainless steel materials, and even reaches the effect of 520Mpa. Due to its high strength, the extension tube, when buried in the specimen and later subjected to vibration, can ensure that the extension tube is not deformed, thus providing high safety. Since it has a density of 7.93, it can adapt well to the external environment when used and is not prone to rust. The number of rigid extension tubes 48-5 is multiple. The multiple rigid extension tubes 48-5 are sequentially connected.

The 48-5 rigid extension tube is a 304 steel hollow round tube with a diameter of 2.0 cm and a wall thickness of 0.5 cm. The outside diameter of the hoop steel sheet 48-4 is 4.0 cm and the inside diameter is 2.0 cm. In actual use, the size of the rigid extension tube 48-5 and the ring steel sheet 48-4 can be selected according to the actual situation. Adaptability is good.

The ring steel plate 48-4 is welded to the outer wall of the rigid extension tube 48-5 in a ring shape, which can effectively reduce the flow between the outer wall of the extension tube for pressure measurement and the sample. The welding process is simple, and the connection is tight and stable. No additional connection materials need to be added during connection. No scribing, drilling, assembling and other processes are required, and the operation is simple.

The number of ring steel sheets 48-4 is multiple. The plurality of hoop steel sheets 48-4 are slid onto the outer wall of the rigid extension tube 48-5 at equal intervals. The number of ring steel sheets 48-4 is adjusted as needed. Adaptability is good.

The 48-6 flexible extension tube uses a pressure resistant rubber hose with steel wire braiding. The pressure-resistant rubber hose with steel wire braid can meet the displacement needs of the extension tube by adjusting the direction and angle. The pressure-resistant rubber hose with steel wire braiding has high bearing pressure and superior impulse performance. The hose body is tightly connected, soft in use, little deformation under pressure, and has excellent flexural strength, fatigue resistance and aging resistance.

The elastic polyurethane material has a bonding force to the rigid extension tube 48-5 and the flexible extension tube 48-6. When the sample is saturated, the elastic polyurethane material swells with water and the rigid extension tube 48-5 and flexible extension tube 48-6 contact the sample and are sufficiently tight to maintain the gap and flow around the outer wall of the rigid extension tube 48- 5 and the flexible extension tube 48-6 and the sample effectively reduce. This improves test accuracy and increases test success rate. Under the condition of water pressure of 2.0 MPa, the bond between the polyurethane elastic material and the rigid extension pipe 48-5 and the flexible extension pipe 48-6 is stable.

The coating thickness of the water-swellable polyurethane material is 2.5 to 4 mm. Preferably, the coating thickness of the water-swellable polyurethane material is 3 mm. When the coating thickness of the water-swellable polyurethane material is 2.5 to 4mm, the gap and flow between the outer wall of the rigid extension tube 48-5 and the flexible extension tube 48-6 and the sample are minimized, the test accuracy is higher, and the test success rate is highest.

The rigid extension tube 48-5 and the flexible extension tube 48-6 are connected by threads. The flexible extension tube 48-6 and the inner wall of the multipurpose permeameter 3 are threadedly connected by an extension tube connecting nut 48-7. This connection is a detachable connection, which is easy to install and disassemble and easy to operate.

• 1) Zusammensetzen des Verlängerungsrohrs zur Druckmessung, umfassend folgende Schritte: Zuerst das Ringstahlblech 48-4 auf die Außenwand des starren Verlängerungsrohrs 48-5 zu schieben; Als nächstes die Außenwand des starren Verlängerungsrohrs 48-5 und des flexiblen Verlängerungsrohrs 48-6 mit elastischem Polyurethanmaterial zu beschichten; Dann am rechten Ende des flexiblen Verlängerungsrohrs 48-6 das starre Verlängerungsrohr 48-5 zu verbinden; Schließlich das rechte Ende des starren Verlängerungsrohres 48-5 von innen nach außen mit dem Innenfilter 48-3 und dem Außenfilter 48-1 nacheinander zu verbinden, und das Füllmaterial 48-2 zwischen dem Innenfilter 48-3 und dem Außenfilter 48-1 zu füllen;
• 2) das linke Ende des flexiblen Verlängerungsrohres 48-6 mit der Innenwand der Druckmessbohrung 25 des Mehrzweck-Permeameters 3 zu verbinden, wenn sich die Füllhöhe der Probe im Permeameter nahe der Messstelle befindet;
• 3) nach Beginn des Tests das Entlüftungsventil 48-8 zu öffnen, um die Luft aus dem flexiblen Verlängerungsrohr 48-6, dem starren Verlängerungsrohr 48-5 und dem Füllmaterial 48-2 zu entfernen, und das Entlüftungsventil 48-8 zu schließen, bis keine Luftblasen aus dem Entlüftungsventil 48-8 austreten;
• 4) das Umschaltventil des Verlängerungsrohrs 48-9 zu öffnen, den Wasserdruck in der Probe vom Drucksensor zu messen und der Drucktest abzuschließen.

The operating procedure for the pressure measurement extension tube 48 consists of the following steps:

• 1) Assembling the extension tube for pressure measurement, comprising the steps of: first sliding the hoop steel sheet 48-4 onto the outer wall of the rigid extension tube 48-5; Next, to coat the outer wall of the rigid extension tube 48-5 and the flexible extension tube 48-6 with elastic polyurethane material; Then at the right end of the flexible extension tube 48-6 to connect the rigid extension tube 48-5; Finally, to connect the right end of the rigid extension tube 48-5 to the inner filter 48-3 and the outer filter 48-1 sequentially from inside to outside, and to fill the packing material 48-2 between the inner filter 48-3 and the outer filter 48-1 ;
• 2) connect the left end of the flexible extension tube 48-6 to the inner wall of the pressure measurement bore 25 of the multipurpose permeameter 3 when the level of the sample in the permeameter is close to the measurement point;
• 3) after the start of the test, open vent valve 48-8 to purge air from flexible extension tube 48-6, rigid extension tube 48-5 and packing material 48-2, and close vent valve 48-8 until no air bubbles exit vent valve 48-8;
• 4) open the 48-9 extension tube switching valve, measure the water pressure in the sample from the pressure sensor, and complete the pressure test.

Example 5

Preferably, the seepage water measuring device 4, as in 1 and 7 shown, a water inlet pipe 34, an electromagnetic flow meter 35, a water outlet valve 36, a measuring cylinder water outlet 37, a switching valve 38, a connecting pipe 39, a water outlet pipe 40, a large measuring cylinder 41, a small measuring cylinder 42, a magnetic flap remote level indicator 43, a Graduated cylinder base 44, a small graduated cylinder water outlet valve 45, and a large graduated cylinder water outlet valve 46. One end of the water inlet pipe 34 is hollow with the water outlet space 21 connected, the other end of the water inlet pipe 34 is connected to the water outlet 37 of the measuring cylinder. An electromagnetic flow meter 35 and a water outlet valve 36 are provided on the pipeline between the water inlet pipe 34 and the water outlet 37 of the measuring cylinder. The large graduated cylinder 41 and the small graduated cylinder 42 are each fixed vertically on the graduated cylinder base 44 . The large measuring cylinder 41 and the small measuring cylinder 42 are connected to each other by a connecting pipe 39 provided with a switching valve 38 . The small measuring cylinder 42 is connected to the remote magnetic flap level indicator 43 . The magnetic flap remote level indicator 43 and the electromagnetic flow meter 35 are each electrically connected to the control component 6 . The bottoms of the large graduated cylinder 41 and the small graduated cylinder 42 are connected to the sedimentation tank 5 through the water outlet pipe 40, respectively. A water outlet valve 46 of the large measuring cylinder is arranged on the water outlet pipe 40 between the large measuring cylinder 41 and the sedimentation tank 5 . On the water outlet pipe 40 between the small measuring cylinder 42 and the sedimentation tank 5, a water outlet valve 45 of the small measuring cylinder is arranged. Two graduated cylinder water outlets 37 are arranged directly above the large graduated cylinder 41 and the small graduated cylinder 42, respectively.

The water inlet pipe 34 includes a front water inlet pipe and a rear water inlet pipe. The input end of the front water inlet pipe is connected to the water outlet 21-1 for vertical seepage test and the water outlet 21-2 for horizontal seepage test of the general-purpose permeameter 3 through a first flange connection. The output end of the front water inlet pipe is connected to the electromagnetic flowmeter 35 through two second flanged fittings, one of the second flanged fittings being attached to the input end of the electromagnetic flowmeter 35 and the other second flanged fitting being attached to the output end of the electromagnetic flowmeter 35. The input end of the rear water inlet pipe is connected to a second flanged fitting at the output end of the electromagnetic flow meter 35 . The outlet end of the rear water inlet pipe is connected to the graduated cylinder water outlet 37 . The inner diameter of the front water inlet pipe gradually decreases toward the electromagnetic flowmeter 35 . The inner diameter of the front water inlet pipe is larger than the inner diameter of the rear water inlet pipe. The front water inlet pipe is adjusted to have a larger diameter near the permeation test water outlet and a smaller diameter near the rear water inlet pipe. This arrangement can ensure the measurement accuracy of the electromagnetic flowmeter 35 effectively.

As in 1 and 7 As shown, the large graduated cylinder 41 and the small graduated cylinder 42 are connected by two connecting pipes 39 . One of the connecting pipes 39 is arranged at the bottom of the large graduated cylinder 41 and the small graduated cylinder 42 , and the other connecting pipe 39 is arranged at the top of the large graduated cylinder 41 and the small graduated cylinder 42 . The two connecting pipes 39 are arranged in parallel with each other, and the two connecting pipes 39 are provided with a switching valve 38, respectively. The two connecting tubes 39 are each arranged parallel to the measuring cylinder base 44 .

Preferably, the height of the large graduated cylinder 41 and the small graduated cylinder 42 is the same, and the diameter of the large graduated cylinder 41 is larger than the diameter of the small graduated cylinder 42.

The remote magnetic flap fill level indicator 43 preferably comprises a liquid level float, a magnetic flap, a measuring tube column and a control component for the magnetic flap remote fill level indicator. The measuring tube column is connected to the small measuring cylinder 42 . The liquid level float is located in the measuring tube column. A magnetic flap column is arranged on one side of the measuring tube column, which column consists of several magnetic flaps, the height of the magnetic flap column being the same as the height of the measuring tube column. The control component for the magnetic flap remote level display is arranged on the top of the measuring tube column, the control component for the magnetic flap remote level display being electrically connected to a plurality of magnetic flaps, and the control component for the magnetic flap remote level display being electrically connected to the control component 6. A scale is provided on one side of the magnetic flap column for observing the rotational position of the magnetic flap at any time.

The control component for the remote magnetic flap level indicator transmits the magnetic flap flip signal to the fully automatic data acquisition module. All devices can be used which can realize this function, and the fully automatic data acquisition module is an existing technology.

Example 6

Preferably, the control component 6, as in 1 shown, a PLC cabinet 6-1, a computer 6-2, a signal cable 6-3 and an operating system developed based on the FLC software, the operating system developed based on the FLC software on the computer 6-2 is installed and a frequency converter and a pressure transmitter with a digital display are provided in the PLC cabinet 6-1. The frequency converter and the pressure transmitter with digital display are each connected to the operating system developed on the basis of the FLC software. The frequency converter and the pressure transmitter with digital display are connected to the intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device 2, the multi-purpose permeameter 3 and the leachate measuring device 4 through the signal cable 6-3.

The operating system developed on the basis of the FLC software consists of a test print control module, a test data acquisition module, a test data processing module, a test data storage module and a device control module, with the test data acquisition module, the test data processing module and the test data storage module being connected in sequence, with the test print control module being connected to the device control module. By inputting the test water pressure data, automatically collecting water head pressure and seepage flow data at various observation points of the permeameter, the permeability characteristic and permeability characteristic parameter data will then be output. For example: the control component 6 collects data from the pressure transmitter 10, adjusts the power of the water pump combination 9 and the opening of the electric control valve 11 via a frequency converter, and automatically adjusts the magnitude of the water supply pressure.

Example 7

Preferably, a method of operation of the intelligent multi-purpose seepage deflection test system as described in any of the above descriptions comprises the following steps:

Step 1: assembling the box body, adjusting the multi-purpose permeameter 3 according to the sample length; setting the multi-purpose permeameter 3 in a horizontal direction when performing a horizontal oozing test and setting the multi-purpose permeameter 3 in a vertical direction when conducting a vertical oozing test;

Step 2: loading the sample; loading the sample into the multipurpose permeameter 3;

Step 3: Pressurizing for the test: starting the intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device 2 by the control component 6, feeding the water in the water storage tank 1 under pressure into the multi-purpose permeameter 3; The leachate of the multi-purpose permeameter 3 enters the leachate measuring device 4 for detection, then the leachate enters the sedimentation tank 5, and finally enters the water storage tank 1 for recovery.

Example 8

The horizontal percolation test is carried out on the filter material and cushion material with a maximum particle size of 200 mm. The length of the cushion material is 3.0m, the length of the filter material is 1.0m, the maximum head of the test is 200m, and the initial slope of the infiltration should be 0.02-0.03, the increment value is 0.05, 0 .10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, 0.70, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 and then increases by 1.00 to 2.00 .

Step 1: Assembling the Box Body.

According to the sample length of the example, two sample boxes 20 are required. Depending on the type of horizontal seepage test, the water inlet cavity 19, the sample box 20 and the water outlet cavity 21 are sequentially connected by the flange fitting 29 in the horizontal direction. A closure plate is used to seal the water inlet 19-1 for vertical seepage testing.

Step 2: Loading the sample.

coating the inside wall of the sample box 20 with a primer adhesive layer 22 which adheres to both steel plate and flexible particle gelling coating, and then coating the rubber putty layer of water-swellable material 23; Filling the sample according to the test requirements, opening the gas vent tube 19-3 to saturate the sample with dripping water. After saturation, the surface of the sample is sealed by micro-expansion and shrinkage compensation concrete. Before the initial setting of the concrete, the bolt of the cover plate 20-2 will screw to make the cover plate 20-2 tight with the box body 20-1.

• 1) Öffnen des Wasserversorgungsrohrs 7 und Füllen des Wasserspeichertanks 1 bis 1,0 m über der Oberkante des Wasserpumpenhohlraums; Öffnen des Wassereinlassventils (16-1~16-6); Sicherstellen, dass das Wassereinlassventil 14 des Permeameters im geschlossenen Zustand ist; Öffnen des Entlüftungsventils der Wasserpumpe (17-1-17-6), damit alle Kammern der Wasserpumpe mit Wasser füllt sind; Schließen des Entlüftungsventils, wenn das Wasser aus dem Entlüftungsventil zylindrisch ist und keine Luftblasen hat; Starten der Steuerkomponente 6, Überprüfen des Betriebszustands von Drucktransmitter 10, Wasserpumpen-Kombinationseinheit 9, elektrischem Regelventil 11, um sicherzustellen, dass alle Komponenten ordnungsgemäß funktionieren; Überprüfen der Dichtheit aller Geräte, um sicherzustellen, dass keine Leckage im Gerät vorhanden ist; Öffnen des Wassereinlasses für horizontalen Sickerungstest 19-2 und schrittweise Ausüben vom Druck, um den horizontalen Sickerungstest durchzuführen.
• 2) Starten der ersten Wasserpumpe 17-1; Einstellen der Öffnung des elektrischen Regelventils 11 entsprechend den anfänglichen Förderhöhenanforderungen des Tests; Öffnen des Wassereinlassventils 14 des Permeameters zum Durchführen des Testes, nachdem die auf der Bedienoberfläche der Steuerkomponente 6 angezeigte Druckförderhöhe die erforderliche Druckförderhöhe für den Test erreicht; Erhöhen der Testförderhöhe entsprechend der für den Sickerungstest erforderlichen Permeabilitätssteigung um 0,06 m, indem die Öffnung des elektrischen Steuerventils 11 reduziert wird, bis die für den Test erforderliche Druckförderhöhe größer ist als die anfängliche Druckförderhöhe für den ersten Wasserpumpe 17-1 im Betrieb. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt sammelt und speichert die Steuerkomponente 6 automatisch die Testparameter jeder Druckförderhöhe. Wenn die für den Test erforderliche Druckförderhöhe größer als die anfängliche Druckförderhöhe für den ersten Wasserpumpe 17-1 im Betrieb ist, ist die erste Wasserpumpe 17-1 aktiviert zu bleiben. Der erforderliche Wert der Druckförderhöhe wird in die Steuerkomponente 6 eingegeben, und die Steuerkomponente 6 stellt automatisch die Arbeitsfrequenz der ersten Wasserpumpe 17-1 so ein, dass die Druckförderhöhe der ersten Wasserpumpe 17-1 die Testanforderungen erfüllt. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt stellt die Steuerkomponente 6 die Arbeitsfrequenz der ersten Wasserpumpe 17-1 und die Öffnung des elektrischen Regelventils 11 dynamisch gemäß dem Druck am Auslass der Wasserpumpe ein, der durch den Drucktransmitter 10 rückgekoppelt wird, und behält dann den stabilen Ausgangsdruck der ersten Wasserpumpe 17-1 unter der Druckförderhöhe für den Test bei. Das stabilisiert abgeleitete Abfallwasser wird nach der Energieableitung- und der Druckreduzierwirkung des elektrischen Regelventils 11 und des sekundären Druckreduzierventils 12 durch das Wasserauslassrohr in den Wasserspeichertank 1 abgeleitet. Während des Tests sammelt und speichert die Steuerkomponente 6 automatisch die Testparameter jeder Druckförderhöhe. Wenn die für den Test erforderliche Druckförderhöhe größer als die maximale Druckförderhöhe für den ersten Wasserpumpe 17-1 im Betrieb ist, d.h. die Druckförderhöhe größer als 61 m ist, schaltet die Steuerkomponente 6 automatisch die erste Pumpe 17-1 aus und verwendet das erste Rückschlagventil 18-1, um Zurückfließen des Wasserflusses zu verhindern, und schaltet dann die zweite Wasserpumpe 17-2 ein, um den für den Test erforderlichen Förderhöhenwert bereitzustellen. Die anschließende Förderhöheneinstellung und -stabilisierung erfolgt wie oben beschrieben. Je nach Bedarf der Testförderhöhe werden die zweite Wasserpumpe 17-2, die dritte Wasserpumpe 17-3 und die vierte Wasserpumpe 17-4 nacheinander eingeschaltet, um einen stabilen Förderhöhenwert für den Test bereitzustellen, bis die TestDruckförderhöhe die geforderten 200 m erreicht. Dabei gelangt das Sickerwasser aus dem Mehrzweck-Permeameter 3 in die Sickerwasser-Messvorrichtung 4, dann das Sickerwasser gelangt in den Sedimentationstank 5 und schließlich in den Wasserspeichertank 1 zum Zurückgewinnen.
• 3) Der Durchmesser des kleinen Messzylinders 42 beträgt 15 cm und der Durchmesser des großen Messzylinders 41 beträgt 30 cm. Wenn das Wassersickervolumen klein ist, ist die Durchflussmenge des Sickerwassers des Mehrzweck-Permeameters 3 klein, und das Einzylindermessverfahren wird verwendet, um den Durchfluss zu messen. Das Umschaltventil 38 zwischen dem großen Messzylinder 41 und dem kleinen Messzylinder 42 wird geschlossen. Der Wasserstrom tritt in den kleinen Messzylinder 42 ein. Der Flüssigkeitsstandsschwimmer steigt mit steigendem Wasserstand und die Magnetklappe wird entsprechend umgedreht. In jeder Intervallzeit T zeichnet die Steuerkomponente 6 automatisch den Anstieg des Flüssigkeitsstands auf und berechnet den Echtzeit-Wasserfluss entsprechend dem Eingangsdurchmesser (der Anstieg des Flüssigkeitsstands beträgt 20 cm in 30 s, der Echtzeit-Wasserfluss beträgt also 0,43 m³/h). Wenn der Wasserstand des kleinen Messzylinders 42 auf die obere Oberfläche des Zylinders ansteigt, wird das Wasserauslassventil 45 des kleinen Messzylinders geöffnet, um das Wasser abzulassen. Das Wasserauslassventil 45 des kleinen Messzylinders wird geschlossen, nachdem das Wasser im Zylinder abgelassen ist, um die Messung fortzusetzen.

Step 3: Pressurizing for the test:

• 1) opening the water supply pipe 7 and filling the water storage tank 1 to 1.0 m above the top of the water pump cavity; Opening the water inlet valve (16-1~16-6); Ensure that the permeameter water inlet valve 14 is in the closed state; opening the water pump bleed valve (17-1-17-6) so that all the water pump chambers are filled with water; Closing the bleed valve when the water from the bleed valve is cylindrical and has no air bubbles; Starting the control component 6, checking the working condition of pressure transmitter 10, water pump combination unit 9, electric control valve 11 to ensure all components are working properly; Checking the tightness of all devices to ensure that there is no leakage in the device; Opening the water inlet for horizontal seepage test 19-2 and gradually applying pressure to perform the horizontal seepage test.
• 2) starting the first water pump 17-1; adjusting the opening of the electric control valve 11 according to the initial head requirements of the test; opening the water inlet valve 14 of the permeameter to perform the test after the pressure head displayed on the user interface of the control component 6 reaches the required pressure head for the test; Increase the test head corresponding to the permeability increase required for the seepage test by 0.06m by reducing the opening of the electric control valve 11 until the pressure head required for the test is greater than the initial pressure head for the first water pump 17-1 in operation. At this time, the control component 6 automatically collects and stores the test parameters of each pressure head. If the pressure head required for the test is greater than the initial pressure head for the first water pump 17-1 in operation, the first water pump 17-1 is to remain activated. The required value of the pressure head is entered into the control unit 6, and the control unit 6 automatically adjusts the operating frequency of the first water pump 17-1 so that the pressure head of the first water pump 17-1 meets the test requirements. At this time, the control component 6 dynamically adjusts the operating frequency of the first water pump 17-1 and the opening of the electric control valve 11 according to the pressure at the outlet of the water pump fed back through the pressure transmitter 10, and then maintains the stable output pressure of the first water pump 17 -1 below the pressure head for the test. The stabilized discharged waste water is discharged into the water storage tank 1 through the water discharge pipe after the power dissipation and pressure reducing action of the electric control valve 11 and the secondary pressure reducing valve 12 . During the test, the control component 6 automatically collects and stores the test parameters of each pressure head. If the pressure head required for the test is greater than the maximum pressure head for the first water pump 17-1 in operation, i.e. the pressure head is greater than 61 m, the control component 6 automatically switches off the first pump 17-1 and uses the first check valve 18 -1 to prevent backflow of water flow, and then turns on the second water pump 17-2 to provide the head value required for the test. The subsequent adjustment and stabilization of the delivery head is carried out as described above. Depending on the test head requirement, the second water pump 17-2, the third water pump 17-3 and the fourth water pump 17-4 are sequentially turned on to provide a stable head value for the test until the test pressure head reaches the required 200m. At this time, the leachate from the multi-purpose permeameter 3 enters the leachate measuring device 4, then the leachate enters the sedimentation tank 5, and finally the water storage tank 1 for recovery.
• 3) The diameter of the small graduated cylinder 42 is 15 cm and the diameter of the large graduated cylinder 41 is 30 cm. When the water seepage volume is small, the flow rate of the seepage water of the general-purpose permeameter 3 is small, and the single cylinder measurement method is used to measure the flow rate. The switching valve 38 between the large measuring cylinder 41 and the small measuring cylinder 42 is closed. The water flow enters the small measuring cylinder 42 a. The liquid level float rises as the water level rises and the magnetic flap is reversed accordingly. In each interval time T, the control component 6 automatically records the liquid level rise and calculates the real-time water flow according to the inlet diameter (the liquid level rise is 20 cm in 30 s, so the real-time water flow is 0.43 m ³ / h). When the water level of the small graduated cylinder 42 rises to the upper surface of the cylinder, the small graduated cylinder water outlet valve 45 is opened to drain the water. The water outlet valve 45 of the small measuring cylinder is closed after the water in the cylinder is drained to continue the measurement.

When the water leakage amount exceeds the measurement limit for the single-cylinder measurement method, the mode of the controller 6 is switched to the two-cylinder measurement method, with the water being inputted into the large measuring cylinder 41 with a diameter of 30 cm and the small measuring cylinder 42 with a diameter of 15 cm. The switching valve 38 between the large graduated cylinder 41 and the small graduated cylinder 42 is opened to ensure that the large graduated cylinder 41 and the small graduated cylinder 42 communicate with each other, with the liquid level float rising as the water level rises and the magnetic flap is reversed accordingly. In each interval time T, the control component 6 automatically records the liquid level rise and calculates the real-time water flow according to the inlet diameter (the liquid level rise is 20 cm in 30 s, so the real-time water flow is 2.12 m ³ / h). When the water level of the large graduated cylinder 41 and the small graduated cylinder 42 rises to the top surface of the cylinder, the large graduated cylinder water outlet valve 46 and the small graduated cylinder water outlet valve 45 are opened to drain the water. The large graduated cylinder water outlet valve 46 and the small graduated cylinder water outlet valve 45 are closed after the water in the cylinder is drained to continue the measurement. At this time, when the amount of leachate further increases, the large graduated cylinder water outlet valve 46 and the small graduated cylinder water outlet valve 45 under the large graduated cylinder 41 and the small graduated cylinder 42 are opened.

Step 4: Collect data and decompress for testing.

1) Data collection:

Every time the head is raised after the water flow is stable, through the control unit 6, the water pressure data of the pressure transmitter 10 is collected and uploaded to the test data collection module, and the flow data of the electromagnetic flow meter 35 and the magnetic valve remote level indicator 43 is collected and loaded into the test data collection module uploaded, plotting the Igi-Igv curve of hydraulic gradient i and percolation velocity v in time. According to the curve change, time duration of each step of head and step difference of head are adjusted in time.

2) Pressure relief for the test

In order to maintain the stability of the sample in the multi-purpose permeameter 3 and the safety of the equipment, the ultra-high pressure permeation test will gradually depressurize slowly after the test is completed. The water pressure drops by a maximum of 10 m at each step and the time interval between two adjacent steps is 5 minutes. When the pressure relief reaches a head of 5 m, the valve 43 is closed. Until the pressure relief reaches a head of 0 m, the test data is stored and the control component 6 is switched off.

test verification:

Using the test system and test method of the above embodiment 8, the pressure supply capacity and the pressure stabilizing ability of the head pressurizing device for the ultra-high water pressure seepage test were measured during the implementation process. The test results are shown in Table 1:

It can be seen from Table 1 that the pressure head of the present invention is from 1 m to 200 m, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value under each head value is small, and the accuracy standard deviation is small. With it, the pressure stabilization ability is strong, the water pressure fluctuation is small, and the pressure supply capacity is strong. It can reach a water pressure height of 200 m.

Example 9

The horizontal percolation test of the transition material of an embankment fill material requires a maximum head pressure of 220 m. The grain size distribution curve of the transition material of fill material is in 9 shown and the sample preparation standard is shown in Table 2. The effective penetration diameter of the sample is 4m fill material category Sample preparation dry density (g/cm ³ ) Relative Density (Dr) transition material 2.36 0.95

The test method of the present invention is used to perform the full grain size distribution seepage settling test for the filler transition material. The particle size distribution curve is in 9 and the control standard for sample preparation is shown in Table 2. The sample box 20 of the present invention having a 1m x 1m section requires that the D ₈₅ of the sample is not larger than 300 mm. The maximum particle size of the original particle size distribution D ₈₅ of the ridge transition material is less than 200 mm. Thus, the combined sample box 20 with a section of 1 m × 1 m can meet the requirements of the seepage test in the regulation. According to requirements, the pressure head is 220 m. The head for the test method of the present invention is set to not more than 350 m. This corresponds to the requirements of the example. The penetration diameter should be 4 m. Therefore, two 2 m long sample boxes 20 are used, and the sample boxes 20 are connected by flange connection.

The primer adhesive layer 22 and the rubber putty layer 23 of water-swellable material are coated on the inner side wall of the sample box 20 to reduce the gap between the filling material and the steel plate of the sample box 20 in direct contact and to reduce the side wall flow.

The sample preparation of the transition material uses a surface vibrator with frequency conversion. The ram plate is a 0.5 m x 0.5 m square steel plate with a thickness of 2.5 cm. The vibration frequency is determined by test vibration to 35 - 40 Hz. When the maximum particle size is between 100mm and 200mm, the layer thickness of the layer is 25cm, the depth of rough surface treatment between layers is 1.5cm, and the extension pipe is embedded in the layered vibration compaction process.

Drip saturation occurs at the drip saturation holes at the sample box 20 positions 0 m, 1 m, 2 m, 3 m and 4 m from the water inlet. The saturated water level rise rate is controlled at 4cm to 5cm/h, and the final saturated water level is 1cm higher than the sample surface.

The water inlet of the multi-purpose permeameter 3 is connected to the intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device 2 . The water outlet of the multipurpose permeameter 3 is connected to the leachate measuring device 4 . The outlet end of the leachate measuring device 4 is connected to the sedimentation tank 5 . The outlet end of the sedimentation tank 5 is connected to the inlet end of the water storage tank 1 . The outlet end of the water storage tank 1 is connected to the smart pressurizing and stabilizing device 2 . The intelligent pressurization and stabilization device 2, the multi-purpose permeameter 3 and the leachate measuring device 4 are electrically connected to the control component 6, respectively. The head pressure sensor on the general purpose permeameter 3 is adjusted to perform the flue gas and measurement reference value adjustment for the above devices.

For material sealing, a slow-setting early strength micro-expansion cement mortar is used to seal the sample, in which the mass ratio of cement, medium sand and water is 1:2.5:0.5:0.2 and the mixing amount of the expanding agent is 1.2 % of the cement mass. After the filling material has been sealed with slow-setting, early-hardening micro-expansion cement mortar, the fastening of the box body 20-1 and the cover plate 20-2 should be completed within 0.5 hours.

The horizontal seepage test starts. The test water height is gradually increased to the set water pressure value, and the control component 6 notes and collects the process parameters of the sample during the horizontal seepage test.

• Durch die Analyse der Messwerte der Drucksensoren während des Tests wird für die Teilprobenabschnitten die Igi-Igv-Beziehungskurve auf den Daten des Testergebnisses der horizontalen Sickerverformung des Übergangsmaterials erstellt, wie in 10 gezeigt. Gemäß dem Verfahren der vorliegenden Erfindung werden die Parameter der kritischen Neigung und der Bruchneigung des Sickerverformungstests beurteilt. Die Ergebnisse des horizontalen Sickerverformungstests sind in Tabelle 3 gezeigt.

Tabelle 3 Zusammenfassende Ergebnistabelle des horizontalen Sickerverformungstests des Übergangsmaterials Testtyp Permeabilitätskoeffizient k₂₀ (cm/s) Kritische Neigung i_k Bruchneigung i_f horizontaler Sickerverformungstests des Übergangsmaterials 8,88×10^-3 0,95 13,10 The test results are as follows:

• By analyzing the readings of the pressure sensors during the test, the Igi-Igv relationship curve is constructed for the sub-sample sections on the data of the test result of the horizontal oozing deformation of the transitional material, as in 10 shown. In accordance with the method of the present invention, the critical slope and fracture propensity parameters of the seepage deflection test are evaluated. The results of the horizontal seepage deformation test are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Summary Results Table of Transition Material Horizontal Seepage Deflection Test test type Permeability coefficient k ₂₀ (cm/s) Critical propensity i _k tendency to break i _f horizontal seepage deflection testing of the transition material 8.88× ^10-3 0.95 13:10

As in 10 shown, the dynamic development process of the test is analyzed. When the pressure head is 3.00 m to 20.00 m, along the water flow direction of the sample, the total distribution of the head value readings of the pressure sensors at each observation section has a decreasing distribution with larger dispersion. When the test head is greater than 20.00m, the sample will gradually break through as the head increases, and the sample section in front of the transition material will be gradually penetrated. The pressure sensor at the water outlet always keeps the head value of the free liquid level height of the water outlet, so the head difference of the sample sections at the last two pressure measurement sections continues to increase, and the slope value of this sample section of the pressure measurement sections continues to increase. The test head is further increased and the permeation Igi-Igv curve has several zigzag lines. At the test head of 145.17 m, the overall sample permeation Igi-Igv curve still has an upward folding trend. At this point the permeate flux did not increase significantly. In the horizontal oozing deformation test, the Igi-Igv relationship curve is in the form of a broken line rising to the left. The slope of the Igi-Igv relationship curve in the oozing deformation test continues to increase, and its permeability coefficient gradually decreases.

As shown in Table 3, the permeability coefficient is determined by the linear straight section (the straight section before the critical slope) at the beginning of the Igi-Igv relationship curve for a period of time. The permeability coefficient is 8.88×10 ^-3 cm/s. The critical slope is determined by the portion of the Igi-Igv relationship curve that shifts to the right. The critical slope is 0.95. Fracture propensity is determined by the start of several apparent zigzag lines of the Igi-Igv relationship curve. The fracture tendency is 13.10.

The data of permeability coefficient, critical slope and fracture tendency obtained by the present invention are closer to the real value because various possible errors during the testing process are avoided, so that the results of the seepage test are more accurate and reliable.

Example 10

Through the vertical seepage test of a specific padding material of a sand and gravel fill material, the development process of the vertical seepage test of the sand and gravel fill material is researched. The test head is 0~100m. The sample grain size distribution is in 11 shown. The sample preparation standard is shown in Table 4. The effective penetration diameter of the sample is 1m fill material category Sample preparation dry density (g/cm ³ ) Relative Density (Dr) upholstery material 2.32 0.95

Test procedure:

The test method of the present invention is used to perform the fill material seepage set test for the fill material cushioning material. The particle size distribution curve is in 11 and the control standard for sample preparation is shown in Table 4. The sample box 20 of the present invention with a section of 1 m×1 m requires that the D ₈₅ of the sample is not larger than 300 mm. The maximum particle size D ₈₅ of the upholstery material in the original particle size distribution is less than 100 mm. The permeameter thus meets the requirements of seepage tests in the regulations. According to the requirement, the maximum value of the pressure head is 100 m, and the head for water pressure value in the test method of the present invention is set to not more than 350 m. This corresponds to the requirements of the example. The penetration diameter of the sample should be 1m. A portion of the sample box 20 can meet the requirement.

The inner wall of the sample box 20 is treated. The primer adhesive layer 22 and the rubber putty layer 23 of water-swellable material are coated on the inner side wall of the sample box 20 to reduce the gap between the sample and the steel plate of the permeameter in direct contact and to reduce the side wall flow.

Samples of the fill materials are prepared according to the requirements of the infiltration test. Since the maximum particle size of the cushioning material is 70 mm, the thickness of the layered sample is set at 150 mm. To achieve the sample density required for the test, a non-standard frequency-converting surface vibrator is used for sample preparation. The extension tube 48 is embedded in the process of stratified vibratory compaction. The test water pressure value of the sample is measured.

The sample is saturated with water from the drip saturation hole at the bottom of the multipurpose permeameter 3. At this time, the pressure sensing port 25 is open for draining. The sample saturation rate is controlled at 1 mm/min. When the sample is saturated to the relative height of the pressure port 25, close the pressure port 25 valve until the sample is saturated to the point where water flows from the vertical seepage test water outlet.

The water inlet of the multi-purpose permeameter 3 is connected to the intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device 2 . The water outlet of the multipurpose permeameter 3 is connected to the leachate measuring device 4 . The outlet end of the leachate measuring device 4 is connected to the sedimentation tank 5 . The outlet end of the sedimentation tank 5 is connected to the water storage tank 1 . The outlet end of the water storage tank 1 is connected to the smart pressurizing and stabilizing device 2 . The intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device 2, the multi-purpose permeameter 3 and the leachate measuring device 4 are each electrically connected to the control component. The head pressure sensor on the general purpose permeameter 3 is adjusted to perform the flue gas and measurement reference value adjustment for the above devices.

The vertical seepage test is performed. The intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device 2 is switched on. The test head is gradually increased to the set water pressure value, and the control component 6 notes and collects the process parameters of the fill material during the vertical seepage test, analyzing the parameters from the permeability coefficients, the permeability slope and the seepage flow rate, and the Igi-Igv curve according to the permeability slope and of the leachate flow rate, which is used to observe the dynamic evolution of the vertical leachate test.

• Durch die Analyse der Messwerte der Drucksensoren während des Tests wird die Igi-Igv-Beziehungskurve erstellt, wie in 12 gezeigt. Gemäß dem Verfahren der Vorschriften werden die Parameter der kritischen Neigung und der Bruchneigung des Sickerverformungstests beurteilt. Die Ergebnisse des Tests sind in Tabelle 5 gezeigt.

Tabelle 5: Testergebnisse des vertikalen Sickerungstests des Polstermaterials Testtyp Permeabilitätskoeffizient k₂₀ (cm/s) Kritische Neigung i_k Bruchneigung i_f vertikaler Sickerverformungstests des Übergangsmaterials 1,14×10^-3 1,76 11,25 The test results are as follows:

• By analyzing the readings of the pressure sensors during the test, the Igi-Igv relationship curve is constructed, as in 12 shown. According to the procedure of the regulations, the parameters of critical slope and fracture tendency of the seepage deflection test are evaluated. The results of the test are shown in Table 5.

Table 5: Test results of the vertical percolation test of the padding material test type Permeability coefficient k ₂₀ (cm/s) Critical propensity i _k tendency to break i _f vertical seepage deflection tests of the transition material 1.14× ^10-3 1.76 11:25

As in 12 shown, the dynamic development process of the test is analyzed using the readings from the pressure sensors. When the pressure head is 3.00 m, along the water flow direction of the sample, the overall distribution of the head value readings of the pressure sensors at each observation section has a decreasing distribution. The particle adjustment takes place with increasing delivery head Solution within the sample gradually increases and the permeation Igi-Igv curve shifts to the right. When the test head is further increased, sample is gradually destroyed, the pressure sensor readings are gradually the same, but the pressure sensor water head value near the downstream water permeable plate has almost no increase, so the head difference of these sample sections at the last two pressure test sections continue increases and the slope value of this sample section continues to increase. If the test head is further increased, the permeation Igi-Igv curve has several zigzag lines. Until the test head is 100.5 m, the entire sample permeation Igi-Igv curve still shows a folding upward trend.

As shown in Table 5, the permeability coefficient is determined by the linear straight section (the straight section before the critical slope) at the beginning of the Igi-Igv relationship curve for a period of time, and the permeability coefficient is 1.14×10 ^-3 cm/s . The critical slope is determined by the portion of the Igi-Igv relationship curve that shifts to the right. The critical slope is 1.76. Fracture propensity is determined by the onset of several apparent zigzag lines of the Igi-Igv relationship curve. The fracture tendency is 11.25.

• Die vorliegende Erfindung umfasst einen Wasserspeichertank 1, eine intelligente Druckbeaufschlagungs- und Stabilisierungsvorrichtung 2, einen Mehrzweck-Permeameter 3, eine Sickerwasser-Messvorrichtung 4, einen Sedimentationstank 5 und eine Steuerkomponente 6. Ein Wasserversorgungsrohr 7 ist mit dem Wassereinlass des Wasserspeichertanks 1 verbunden. Der Wasserauslass des Wasserspeichertanks 1 ist über ein Verbindungsrohr 8 mit der intelligenten Druckbeaufschlagungs- und Stabilisierungsvorrichtung 2 verbunden. Die intelligente Druckbeaufschlagungs- und Stabilisierungsvorrichtung 2 ist über ein Signalkabel 6-3 mit der Steuerkomponente 6 verbunden. Die intelligente Druckbeaufschlagungs- und Stabilisierungsvorrichtung 2 ist über ein druckbeständiges nahtloses Stahlrohr 13 mit dem Wassereinlass für vertikalen Sickerungstest 19-1 und dem Wassereinlass für horizontalen Sickerungstest 19-2 des Mehrzweck-Permeameters 3 verbunden. An der Außenseite des Kastens des Mehrzweck-Permeameters 3 sind mehrere Druckmessbohrungen 25 vorgesehen. Die Druckmessbohrungen 25 dienen zur Voreinbettung des Verlängerungsrohrs zur Druckmessung. Die Länge des Verlängerungsrohrs zur Druckmessung 48 beträgt 25 cm. Das Verlängerungsrohr zur Druckmessung wird extern mit einem Drucksensor verbunden, der elektrisch mit der Steuerkomponente 6 verbunden ist. Der Wasserauslass für vertikalen Sickerungstest 21-1 und der Wasserauslass für horizontalen Sickerungstest 21-2 sind über das Wassereinlassrohr 34 mit der Sickerwasser-Messvorrichtung 4 verbunden. Die Sickerwasser-Messvorrichtung 4 ist mit dem Sedimentationstank 5 verbunden. Der Sedimentationstank 5 ist über das Wasserversorgungsrohr 8 mit dem Wasserspeichertank 1 zu einem Wasserumlaufsystem verbunden. Die intelligente Druckbeaufschlagungs- und Stabilisierungsvorrichtung 2 ist über einen Drucksensor und die Sickerwasser-Messvorrichtung 4 über das Signalkabel 6-3 mit der Steuerkomponente 6 verbunden, um die Testdaten zurückzugeben und den horizontalen oder vertikalen Sickerungstest abzuschließen.

The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

• The present invention comprises a water storage tank 1, an intelligent pressurization and stabilization device 2, a multi-purpose permeameter 3, a leachate measuring device 4, a sedimentation tank 5 and a control component 6. A water supply pipe 7 is connected to the water inlet of the water storage tank 1. The water outlet of the water storage tank 1 is connected to the intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device 2 via a connecting pipe 8 . The intelligent pressurization and stabilization device 2 is connected to the control component 6 via a signal cable 6-3. The intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device 2 is connected to the vertical seepage test water inlet 19-1 and the horizontal seepage test water inlet 19-2 of the multi-purpose permeameter 3 by a pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe 13 . A plurality of pressure measuring holes 25 are provided on the outside of the box of the multi-purpose permeameter 3 . The pressure measurement holes 25 are used for pre-embedding the extension tube for pressure measurement. The length of the extension tube for pressure measurement 48 is 25 cm. The extension tube for pressure measurement is connected externally to a pressure sensor which is electrically connected to the control component 6. The water outlet for vertical seepage test 21 - 1 and the water outlet for horizontal seepage test 21 - 2 are connected to the seepage water measuring device 4 via the water inlet pipe 34 . The leachate measuring device 4 is connected to the sedimentation tank 5 . The sedimentation tank 5 is connected to the water storage tank 1 via the water supply pipe 8 to form a water circulation system. The intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device 2 is connected to the control component 6 through a pressure sensor and the leachate measuring device 4 through the signal cable 6-3 to return the test data and complete the horizontal or vertical leachate test.

The cross-sectional size of the sample box of the multi-purpose permeameter of the present invention is increased to 1m × 1m, which can meet the permeability test of the original grade packing material with a maximum particle size of 300mm. The sample preparation standard has strong controllability. The sample operation is convenient and fast. This avoids the effect of scale and can accurately reflect the actual situation. The multi-purpose permeameter of the present invention adopts the structural design of welded ribs on the steel plate, and the ribs are arranged in a square with a pitch of 10 cm, which improves the strength and rigidity of the multi-purpose permeameter. This means that the permeability characteristic test can be carried out with the maximum test water pressure of 3.5 MPa.

The inner wall of the sample box of the multipurpose permeameter of the present invention is successively coated with a primer adhesive layer and a rubber putty layer of water-swellable material. The primer adhesive layer has adhesion to the inner wall of the sample box and the rubber putty layer made of water-swellable material. When the sample is saturated, upon encountering water, the gelled flexible particle coating layer swells and deforms, filling voids and gaps between the inner wall of the sample box of the present invention and any irregular surfaces of the sample contact surface. At the same time, a larger contact pressure is generated, thereby reducing the sidewall leakage during the leakage test, making the leakage test more consistent with the actual situation, and the leakage test results are more accurate and reliable. Furthermore, the coating is reusable, which simplifies the steps of the testing process, saves materials, and saves testing costs.

The leachate measuring device of the present invention uses a combination of a magnetic valve remote level indicator and an electromagnetic flow meter to expand the flow measurement range under the premise of meeting the accuracy and accuracy of water infiltration measurement. In the case of small amounts of seepage water, the remote magnetic flap level indicator is used for the one-cylinder measuring method, and for large amounts of seepage water, the remote magnetic flap level indicator is used for the two-cylinder measuring method. If the amount of leachate continues to increase, the electromagnetic flow meter is used for measurement. It meets the measurement requirements of the leachate quantities under the influence of different test delivery heads of the large-sized permeameter. When the remote magnetic valve level indicator measures flow, two modes of single cylinder measurement method and two cylinder measurement method are set. This expands the applicable range of the magnetic flap remote level indicator. At the same time, sufficient accuracy, high measurement accuracy and automation, as well as a wide range of applications are guaranteed. The leachate measuring device can switch the automatic data collection module of the measurement mode, which has a high degree of automation and is easy to operate. That is, the accuracy of measuring the amount of seepage in the seepage deformation test is improved, the test efficiency is improved, and the labor is reduced and the test cost is reduced.

The water pump combination unit of the intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device of the present invention can provide continuous and stable test head in the range of 0-350m. End water pressure reducing components include an electric control valve and a secondary pressure reducing valve to ensure discharge of the low pressure end water to the storage tank.

The present invention can provide the test head for the permeability test from low pressure to high pressure in the range of 0 to 350m by the multi-stage water pump cascade configuration combination mode. With it, the water supply pressure is stable, the pressure range is wide, the pressure control is accurate, and the automation is high, which solves the problem of water supply pressure for indoor high-head seepage test.

The present invention provides an intelligent, multi-purpose seepage deformation test system that has high test accuracy and a high degree of automation. The error caused by human operation is reduced and the seepage deformation test system is easy to use. By changing the sample box connections of the multi-purpose permeameter, both horizontal and vertical permeation tests can be performed, realizing one box for multiple purposes. The results of the vertical and horizontal permeation tests of the same model can be analyzed more scientifically, which saves significant costs.

The pressure measurement extension tube of the present invention can measure the water pressure inside the seepage test sample, which effectively improves the accuracy of the measurement results. The pressure measurement extension tube can be reused. It not only has a simple structure and is convenient to use. The length of the extension tube can be adjusted according to the testing needs. The outer wall of the extension tube is coated with water-swellable polyurethane material and welded with a ring steel plate, which can effectively reduce the gap and flow between the outer wall of the pressure measurement extension tube and the sample. This improves the test accuracy; the test success rate is improved. The flexible extension tube of the pressure measurement extension tube can cause displacement by adjusting the direction and angle, which can meet the demand for displacement of the sample during the preparation process.

By simulating the water-retaining working head for the actual dam body and equipping the high-precision measurement detection and data processing system, the invention can carry out the permeability test of the fill material in original granulation under various conditions. By measuring the permeability parameters of the sand-gravel dam infill material and recording and analyzing the development process of the permeability of the infill material, it can provide more reliable technical parameters for the analysis and evaluation of the seepage stability of the dam body of a high concrete wall rockfill dam. Large-scale seepage tests are therefore the most direct and one of the most reliable methods for determining soil permeability.

The present invention maintain permeability status through intelligent pressurization and stabilization device and constant pressure water source control component bility test on the filling material and checks the permeability reliability of the filling material sample in the original particle size distribution under the long-term exposure to a high pumping head. Compared with the existing conventional pressure device for permeability test, the invention can provide a stable pressure of the heads, and the fluctuation of the pressure of the heads is less than 0.5% of the working pressure.

The control component of the present invention realizes automatic multi-channel real-time collection of head pressure and corresponding flow in the range of high head pressure and large flow rate in seepage deformation test, and ensure the consistency of data collection of water pressure and seepage flow of each section at the same time. It avoids the time difference and reading error of manually collecting each section pressure data and outlet flow rate. The present invention solves the problem that the traditional piezometer tube cannot measure the pressure of the high head and the graduated cylinder cannot measure the large flow. It also improves the accuracy and efficiency of the data collected.

The present invention has a higher degree of automation as compared with the existing conventional pressurizing device for leakage test. When the intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device is started, the operator only needs to operate the control component on the computer to input the required water pressure. The pressure transmitter 10 and the electric control valve 11 together automatically adjust the magnitude of the water supply pressure. The control component 6 can automatically collect and store test parameters such as the test pressure.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. But the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, within the range of knowledge of those of ordinary skill in the art.

Many other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to specific embodiments and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. The components and structures not described in detail in this embodiment are well-known components and common structures or common practices in the industry and are not described here.

Claims (10)

Intelligent multi-purpose seepage deformation test system comprising a water storage tank (1), an intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device (2), a multi-purpose permeameter (3), a leachate measuring device (4), a sedimentation tank (5) and a control component (6), wherein the output end of the water storage tank (1) is connected to the smart pressurizing and stabilizing device (2), wherein the output end of the smart pressurizing and stabilizing device (2) is connected to the multi-purpose permeameter (3), wherein the output end of the multi-purpose Permeameter (3) is connected to the leachate measuring device (4), the output end of the leachate measuring device (4) being connected to the sedimentation tank (5), the output end of the sedimentation tank (5) being connected to the input end of the water storage tank (1) connected, and wherein the intelligent pressurization and stabilization device ung (2), the multi-purpose permeameter (3) and the leachate measuring device (4) are each electrically connected to the control component (6). Intelligent multi-purpose seepage deformation test system claim 1 , characterized in that the input end of the water storage tank (1) is connected to a water supply line via a water supply pipe (7), and that the output end of the water storage tank (1) is connected to the intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device (2) via a connecting pipe (8). is. Intelligent multi-purpose seepage deformation test system claim 2 , characterized in that the intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device (2) comprises a water pump combination unit (9), a pressure transmitter (10), an electric control valve (11), a secondary pressure reducing valve (12), a pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe (13), a permeameter water inlet valve (14) and a head water supply control component (15), wherein the outlet end of the water storage tank (1) is connected to the water pump combination unit (9) via a connecting pipe (8), the outlet end of the water pump combination unit (9) being connected to the water inlet valve (14) of the permeameter via a pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe (13). wherein the output end of the permeameter water inlet valve (14) is connected to the multi-purpose permeameter (3), wherein a pressure transmitter ( 10), the outlet end of the water pump combination unit (9) being connected to the electric control valve (11), the outlet end of the electric control valve (11) being connected to the secondary pressure-reducing valve (12), the output end of the secondary pressure-reducing valve (12) is connected to the input end of the water storage tank (1), wherein the water pump co Combination unit (9), the pressure transmitter (10) and the electric control valve (11) are each electrically connected to a head water supply control component (15), and wherein the head water supply control component (15) is electrically connected to the control component (6). connected is. Intelligent multi-purpose seepage deformation test system claim 3 , characterized in that the water pump combination unit (9) consists of six sets of single pump pressurizing components connected in parallel, namely the first set of single pump pressurizing components, the second set of single pump pressurizing components, the third set of single pump pressurizing components, the fourth The set of single pump pressurizing components, the fifth set of single pump pressurizing components, and the sixth set of single pump pressurizing components, each set of single pump pressurizing components being assembled by using a water inlet valve (16), a water pump (17), and a check valve (18) are sequentially connected by a water pressure line, wherein the first set of single pump pressurizing components is assembled by a first water inlet valve (16-1), a first water pump (17-1) and a first check pressure valve (18-1) are sequentially connected, wherein the second set of single pump pressurizing components is assembled by sequentially connecting a second water inlet valve (16-2), a second water pump (17-2) and a second check valve (18-2). wherein the third set of single pump pressurizing components is assembled by sequentially connecting a third water inlet valve (16-3), a third water pump (17-3) and a third check valve (18-3), the fourth set of single pumps - assembling pressurizing components by sequentially connecting a fourth water inlet valve (16-4), a fourth water pump (17-4), and a fourth check valve (18-4), wherein the fifth set of single-pump pressurizing components is assembled by connecting a fifth Water inlet valve (16-5), a fifth water pump (17-5) and a fifth check valve (18-5) sequentially connected wherein the sixth set of single pump pressurizing components is assembled by sequentially connecting a sixth water inlet valve (16-6), a sixth water pump (17-6) and a sixth check valve (18-6), the water pumps and the check valves are each electrically connected to the head water supply control component (15), the check valves being mechanically connected to the pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe (13) respectively by flange, the water pump combination unit (9) having a multi-stage pump cascade configuration, the head of the first pump (17-1) is 1.5~61m, second pump (17-2) head is 61-101m, third pump (17-3) head is 101~162m, fourth pump head ( 17-4) is 162~203m, the head of the fifth (17-5) and the sixth pump (17-6) is 203~350m, and the water pump combination unit (9) is represented by St the control component (6) provides a continuous and stable pressure delivery head in the range of 0-350m. Intelligent multi-purpose seepage deformation test system claim 3 , characterized in that the multi-purpose permeameter (3) has a water inlet cavity (19), a sample box (20), a water outlet cavity (21), a primer adhesive layer (22) formed by applying a primer adhesive, and a primer adhesive layer (22) formed by applying a water-swellable material or rubber putty formed rubber putty layer (23) of water-swellable material, wherein the primer adhesive is evenly applied to the inner wall of the sample box to form a primer adhesive layer (22), wherein the water-swellable material or rubber putty is evenly applied to the primer adhesive layer (22) to form a To form rubber putty layer (23) of water-swellable material, wherein the number of sections of the sample box (20) is one, two or more sections, wherein the water outlet cavity (19), the sample box (20) and the water outlet cavity (21) horizontally or vertically one after the other are connected by flange connection, with the water out lass cavity (21) is connected to the leachate measuring device (4), wherein at the junction of the water inlet cavity (19), of the sample box (20), and the water outlet cavity (21) a water permeable plate (47) is provided, wherein when the water inlet cavity (19), the sample box (20), the water outlet cavity (21) are sequentially connected in the horizontal direction, a horizontal A seepage test is carried out, and wherein when the water inlet cavity (19), the sample box (20), the water outlet cavity (21) are sequentially connected in the vertical direction, a vertical seepage test is carried out. Intelligent multi-purpose seepage deformation test system claim 5 , characterized in that the water inlet cavity (19) consists of a water inlet (19-1) for vertical seepage test, a water inlet (19-2) for horizontal seepage test, a gas vent pipe (19-3) and a water inlet cavity structure made of steel plates (19- 4) with the water inlet (19-1) for vertical seepage test welded vertically on the bottom of the left end face of the water inlet cavity structure made of steel plates (19-4), with the water inlet (19-2) for horizontal seepage test vertically on the bottom face of the water inlet cavity structure made of steel plates (19-4), wherein the gas vent pipe (19-3) is welded vertically on the top face of the water inlet cavity structure made of steel plates (19-4), wherein the water inlet cavity structure made of steel plates (19-4) is a square cavity, with a vert ical penetration support (24) is provided, wherein when the water inlet cavity (19), the sample box (20) and the water outlet cavity (21) are sequentially connected in the vertical direction, the water inlet cavity (19) is located lowermost, the water outlet cavity (21) is uppermost and the vertical penetration support (24) contacts a solid base or the ground to perform a vertical seepage test, and wherein the water outlet cavity (21) consists of a water outlet (21-1) for vertical seepage test, a water outlet (21-2 ) for horizontal seepage test, a sand discharge pipe (21-3) and a water outlet cavity structure made of steel plates (21-4), wherein the water outlet (21-1) for vertical seepage test is vertically attached to the upper face of the water outlet cavity structure made of steel plates (21 -4) is welded with the water outlet (21-2) for horizontal seepage test vertically on the right side of the water outlet (21-1) for vertical seepage test, wherein the sand discharge pipe (21-3) is welded vertically to the lower face of the water outlet cavity structure made of steel plates (21-4), and the water outlet cavity structure made of steel plates (21- 4) is a square cavity. Intelligent multi-purpose seepage deformation test system claim 5 , characterized in that the sample box (20) comprises a box body (20-1), a cover plate (20-2) and a base of the permeameter (20-3), wherein the lower end surface of the box body (20-1) on the Base of the permeameter (20-3) with the top end surface of the box body (20-1) fixedly connected to the cover plate (20-2), the sample box (20) is a square structure with a length of 1-5m and a cross-section of 1m×1m, pressure measurement holes (25) being evenly distributed on the front and rear of the box body (20-1), the pressure measurement holes (25) serving to pre-embed the extension tube for pressure measurement (48), the Extension tube for pressure measurement (48) is connected externally to a pressure sensor and the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the control component (6), the primer adhesive layer (22) and the rubber putty layer (23) made of water-swellable material being successively applied to the front, rear and d lower inner wall of the box body (20-1), wherein the primer adhesive layer (22) and the rubber putty layer (23) made of water-swellable material are sequentially applied on the inner wall of the cover plate (20-2) in the vicinity of the inner cavity of the box body (20- 1) wherein the box body (20-1) and the cover plate (20-2) are both steel plates, and the outsides of the box body (20-1) and the cover plate (20-2) are both ribbed on the outside (26) are welded; the top edges of the front and rear of the box body (20-1) being provided with outer edges (20-1-1) of the box body which are fully perforated connected to the edge of the cover plate (20-2) by a first edge hole bolt (27). are provided at corresponding positions of the inside of the outer edge (20-1-1) of the box body and the cover plate (20-2) in the vicinity of the first rim hole bolt (27), wherein in the two corresponding grooves a first water-stop rubber ring (28), wherein the upstream and downstream end faces of the box body (20-1) are each connected to a flange connector (29), the upstream and downstream edges of the cover plate (20-2) and the flange connector (29) being connected through a female screw and nut (30) in the steel plate are connected together at corresponding positions of the inside of the cover plate (20-2) and the flange connector (29) near the female screw be provided with a nut (30) in the steel plate, a second water stop rubber ring (31) being arranged in the two corresponding grooves, the flange connections (29) of the two adjacent box bodies (20-1) being secured by a second edge hole bolt ( 32) are connected to each other in a fully perforated manner, with the corresponding positio grooves are provided on the inside of the two flange fittings (29) near the second edge hole bolts (32), and a third water stop rubber ring is provided in the two corresponding grooves, the thickness of the flange fitting (29) being 30 to 40 mm, wherein the water-permeable plate (47) is made of a perforated steel plate with ribs welded outside, the ribs being arranged in a square shape on the perforated steel plate, the hole diameter of the perforated steel plate is 5-10mm and the hole rate is 16-20%, wherein the coating thickness of the primer adhesive layer (22) is 0.3-0.8mm, and the primer adhesive is selected from HYT epoxy primer, wherein the coating thickness of the rubber putty layer (23) of the water-swellable material is 2-6mm, the extension tube for pressure measurement (48), an outer filter screen (48-1), a filling material (48-2), an inner filter screen (48-3), a rigid extension tube (4 8-5), a flexible extension tube (48-6), a vent valve (48-8) and an extension tube switching valve (48-9), wherein the flexible extension tube (48-6), the rigid extension tube (48-5 ) and the inner filter screen (48-3) are sequentially connected and inserted into the pressure measurement port (25) of the multipurpose permeameter (3), with one end of the flexible extension tube (48-6) connected to the pressure measurement port (25) of the multipurpose permeameter (3) connected by an extension tube connection nut (48-7), the outer filter screen (48-1) and the inner filter screen (48-3) both being spherical with a side opening, and the inner filter screen (48- 3) encased within the outer filter screen (48-1), the opening side of the outer filter screen (48-1) and the inner filter screen (48-3) both being connected to the rigid extension tube (48-5), the of including the outer filter screen (48-1) and the inner filter screen (48-3). This space is used for filling the filling material (48-2), the changeover valve (48-9) and the vent valve (48-8) of the extension tube both being connected to the outside of the pressure measuring port (25) of the multi-purpose permeameter (3). , wherein the switching valve (48-9) and the vent valve (48-8) of the extension tube are both connected to the flexible extension tube (48-6), the position of the vent valve (48-8) being higher than the switching valve (48-9 ) of the extension pipe, the pressure sensor being connected to the changeover valve (48-9) of the extension pipe, the outer wall of the rigid extension pipe (48-5) being covered with a ring steel plate (48-4), and the outer walls of the rigid extension pipe (48-5) and the flexible extension tube (48-6) are both coated with an elastic polyurethane material. Intelligent multi-purpose seepage deformation test system claim 5 , characterized in that the leachate measuring device (4) a water inlet pipe (34), an electromagnetic flow meter (35), a water outlet valve (36), a measuring cylinder water outlet (37), a switching valve (38), a connecting pipe (39) , a water outlet pipe (40), a large graduated cylinder (41), a small graduated cylinder (42), a remote magnetic level gauge (43), a graduated cylinder base (44), a small graduated cylinder water outlet valve (45) and a small graduated cylinder water outlet valve (46). large graduated cylinder, wherein one end of the water inlet pipe (34) is connected to the water outlet cavity (21) and the other end of the water inlet pipe (34) is connected to the graduated cylinder water outlet (37), being on the pipeline between the water inlet pipe (34) and the graduated cylinder -Water outlet (37), an electromagnetic flow meter (35) and a water outlet valve (36) are provided, with the large measuring cylinder (41) and the small measuring cylinder nder (42) are each fixed vertically on the measuring cylinder base (44), the large measuring cylinder (41) and the small measuring cylinder (42) being connected to each other by a connecting pipe (39), and the connecting pipe (39) being equipped with a switching valve (38) is provided, the small measuring cylinder (42) being connected to the magnetic flap remote level indicator (43), the magnetic flap remote level indicator (43) and the electromagnetic flow meter (35) each being electrically connected to the control component (6), the bottoms of the large graduated cylinder (41) and the small graduated cylinder (42) are respectively connected to the sedimentation tank (5) through the water outlet pipe (40), wherein at the water outlet pipe (40) between the large graduated cylinder (41) and the sedimentation tank (5). Water outlet valve (46) of the large measuring cylinder is arranged and on the water outlet pipe (40) between the small measuring cylinder (42) and the sedimentation tank (5) a Wasserauslassvent il (45) of the small graduated cylinder, with two graduated cylinder water outlets (37) located directly above the large graduated cylinder (41) and the small graduated cylinder (42), respectively. Intelligent multi-purpose seepage deformation test system claim 8 , characterized in that the control component (6) includes a PLC cabinet (6-1), a computer (6-2), a signal cable (6-3) and an operating system developed on the basis of the FLC software, which on the computer (6-2) is installed, with a frequency converter and a pressure transmitter with a digital display being provided in the PLC cabinet (6-1), which are each connected to the operating system developed on the basis of the FLC software, the frequency converter and the pressure transmitter with digital display above the signal cable (6-3) is connected to the intelligent pressurization and stabilization device (2), the multi-purpose permeameter (3) and the leachate measuring device (4). Method of operation of a multi-purpose intelligent seepage deflection test system according to any one of Claims 1 until 9 , characterized by the following steps: Step 1: assembling the box body, adjusting the multipurpose permeameter (3) according to a sample length; adjusting the multipurpose permeameter (3) in a horizontal direction when performing a horizontal leachate test and adjusting the multipurpose permeameter (3) in a vertical direction when conducting a vertical leachate test; Step 2: Loading the sample: loading the sample into the multipurpose permeameter (3); Step 3: Pressurizing for the test: Starting the intelligent pressurizing and stabilizing device (2) by the control component (6), feeding the water in the water storage tank (1) under pressure into the multi-purpose permeameter (3); wherein the leachate of the multipurpose permeameter (3) enters the leachate measuring device (4) for detection, then the leachate enters the sedimentation tank (5), and finally enters the water storage tank (1) for recovery; Step 4: Collect data and decompress for testing.

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