CN112986100B - Multipurpose permeameter device for eliminating side wall streaming effect and using method - Google Patents
Multipurpose permeameter device for eliminating side wall streaming effect and using method Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 58
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 10
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical tests and discloses a multipurpose permeameter device for eliminating the side wall bypassing effect and a using method thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical tests, and particularly relates to a multipurpose permeameter device for eliminating a side wall streaming effect and a using method thereof.
Background
The interconnected porosity of the earth forms water-permeable channels along which water can flow by gravity in the earth, although these channels are irregular and often narrow. The phenomenon of water flow in the earth pore channels, called water seepage; the property of soil which can be penetrated by water is called soil permeability or water permeability, and is one of the mechanical properties of soil, the permeability coefficient of soil is a parameter for evaluating the permeability of soil, and the larger the permeability coefficient of soil is, the stronger the water permeability is; otherwise, the weaker the result.
Along with the wide application of the filling material in dam construction, the research on the penetration stability and the safety test of the primary-grade filling material is more and more intensive. The conventional infiltration test device has small size of an infiltration instrument (the inner diameter of the equipment is 200mm and 300 mm), and the problem that the inner diameter of the infiltration instrument is larger than the particle diameter d accounting for 85 percent of the sample grading 85 The requirement of 5 times is that only the equivalent grading curve can be adopted for reducing the size of the particles so as to meet the requirement that the particle size is less than 5 times, so that the generated reduction effect causes the difference with the actual situation, and the test result often cannot reflect the actual situation; and because the conventional permeameter has lower strength and rigidity, the permeability test of the filling material under the action of high water head cannot be carried out; and the conventional permeameter vertical permeability test and the conventional permeameter horizontal permeability test adopt two sets of different test devices, and the comparability of test results is poor.
The conventional permeameter has the side wall made of steel plate, the filling material cannot be well combined with the side wall of the permeameter, a side wall channel is easy to form, seepage is concentrated, piping damage occurs from the side wall pore first, and the test result is distorted, so that the side wall treatment is required. The traditional side wall treatment usually adopts flexible water-blocking materials such as vaseline, plasticine and the like, the materials need to be coated again in each test, the test workload is increased by repeated operation, and in addition, in the treatment method, when a pressure water head is large, a separation layer is formed between the flexible water-blocking materials and the inner wall of the permeameter, so that the test data are distorted.
Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a permeameter device which can accurately test the permeability of the coarse-grained soil with ultra-large grain size and eliminate the side wall bypassing effect under the condition of high water head.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcoming the above-mentioned deficiencies in the art and providing a multi-purpose permeameter device and method of use that eliminates the side wall bypass effect and overcomes the problems of the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a multipurpose permeameter device for eliminating the circumferential wall streaming effect is characterized in that: the water-permeable plate type water-level penetration test device comprises a water inlet end cavity, a sample box body, a water outlet end cavity, a bottom-coating adhesive layer formed by coating a bottom-coating adhesive and a water-swelling material rubber putty layer formed by coating water-swelling material rubber putty, wherein the bottom-coating adhesive is uniformly coated on the inner wall of the sample box body to form the bottom-coating adhesive layer; and when the water inlet end cavity, the sample box body and the water outlet end cavity are sequentially connected along the vertical direction, a vertical penetration test is performed.
Preferably, the water inlet end cavity is composed of a vertical penetration test water inlet, a horizontal penetration test water inlet, an exhaust pipe and a water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure, the vertical penetration test water inlet is vertically welded to the lower side of the left end face of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure, the horizontal penetration test water inlet is vertically welded to the lower end face of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure, the exhaust pipe is vertically welded to the upper end face of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure, and the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure is a square cavity; the left end face of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure is provided with a vertical penetration support, when the water inlet end cavity, the sample box body and the water outlet end cavity are sequentially connected in the vertical direction, the water inlet end cavity is arranged at the lowest end, the water outlet end cavity is arranged at the highest end, and the vertical penetration support is in contact with the fixed base or the ground to perform a vertical penetration test.
Preferably, the sample box includes box main part, apron and permeameter base, and the terminal surface sets up on the permeameter base under the box main part, box main part up end and apron fixed connection, the sample box is square structure, and length is 1 to 3m, and the cross section is 1m, evenly distributed has the pressure cell on the both sides face around the box main part, and wherein the sealed pressure cell that is fixed with of pressure cell department, the prime coat binder layer coats in box main part front side, rear side and bottom side inner wall with water-swelling material rubber putty layer in proper order, and prime coat binder layer coats in proper order with water-swelling material rubber putty layer in the apron is close to one side inner wall of box main part inner chamber.
Preferably, the box body and the cover plate are both steel plates, rib plates are welded on the outer sides of the box body and the cover plate, the rib plates are arranged in a square shape with the distance of 10cm, and the strength and the rigidity of the rib plates meet the condition that the deformation value of each section of sample box body is less than 2mm within the range of 2m under the action of a maximum test water head of 3.5 MPa; the utility model discloses a box, including box main body, apron, the border of both sides limit upper end is provided with box main body outside border around the box main body, and box main body outside border is connected through first facing limit perforation bolt full perforation with the border of apron, box main body outside border and apron are close to first facing limit perforation bolt's inboard and correspond the position and be provided with the recess, are provided with first stagnant water rubber ring in two recesses that correspond.
Preferably, the upstream and downstream end faces of the box body main body are respectively connected with a flange joint, the upstream and downstream edges of the cover plate are connected with the flange joints through steel plate internal nut bolts, grooves are arranged at corresponding positions of the inner sides of the cover plate and the flange joints close to the steel plate internal nut bolts, and second water-stopping rubber rings are arranged in the two corresponding grooves; the flange joints of the two adjacent box bodies are connected through the second edge through-hole bolts, grooves are formed in the positions, corresponding to the inner sides of the two adjacent flange joints, close to the second edge through-hole bolts, of the two flange joints, third water stop rubber rings are arranged in the grooves corresponding to the two flange joints, and the thickness of each flange joint is 35mm.
Preferably, the water outlet end cavity is composed of a vertical penetration test water outlet, a horizontal penetration test water outlet, a sand discharge pipe and a water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure, wherein the vertical penetration test water outlet is vertically welded on the upper end surface of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure, the horizontal penetration test water outlet is vertically welded on the upper side of the right end surface of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure, the sand discharge pipe is vertically welded on the lower end surface of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure, and the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure is a square cavity.
Preferably, the water permeable plate is formed by welding water permeable ribbed plates outside an open pore steel plate, the water permeable ribbed plates are arranged in a square shape, the strength and the rigidity of the water permeable ribbed plates meet the condition that the deformation value is less than 2mm in the length range of every 1m under the action of a test water head of 3.5MPa at most, the open pore diameter of the water permeable plate is 5-10mm, and the opening rate is 16-20%.
Preferably, the coating thickness of the primer binder layer is 0.3-0.8 mm, and the coating thickness of the water-swellable rubber putty layer is 2-6 mm.
Preferably, the primer adhesive is selected from HYT epoxy primers.
Preferably, the method for using the multipurpose permeameter device for eliminating the effect of side wall circumfluence as mentioned in any one of the above items comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting the number of sections of the sample box body according to the length of the sample;
step 2: cleaning the surface of the inner wall of the sample box body, ensuring the surface to be clean and dry, uniformly coating a primary coating adhesive on the surface of the inner wall of the sample box body to form a primary coating adhesive layer, and coating water-swelling material rubber putty on the surface of the primary coating adhesive layer after the primary coating adhesive is coated for 24 hours to form a water-swelling material rubber putty layer;
and step 3: when a horizontal penetration test is carried out, the water inlet end cavity, the sample box body and the water outlet end cavity are connected through flanges along the horizontal direction; filling a sample according to test requirements, carrying out water dripping saturation on the sample, sealing the surface of the sample by adopting micro-expansion compensation shrinkage concrete after the sample is saturated, and screwing a sample box body before the concrete is initially set to tightly seal the sample box body; opening a water inlet of the water inlet end cavity to lift the test water head, enabling water to enter the water inlet end cavity, penetrate through the sample in the sample box body, and finally penetrate into the water outlet end cavity to perform a horizontal penetration test;
and 4, step 4: when a vertical penetration test is carried out, the water inlet end cavity, the sample box body and the water outlet end cavity are connected through flanges along the vertical direction; tightly sealing the sample box body, filling the sample according to the test requirement, and carrying out water dripping saturation on the sample; and opening a water inlet of the water inlet end cavity to lift the test water head, enabling water to enter the water inlet end cavity, penetrate through the sample in the sample box body, and finally penetrate into the water outlet end cavity to perform a vertical penetration test.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The invention provides a device for performing an infiltration test on ultra-large-particle-size coarse-grained soil under the condition of high water head, which avoids the scale reduction effect and can accurately reflect the actual situation, the device can reduce the influence of side wall circumfluence in the coarse-grained soil infiltration test, so that the result of the infiltration test is more accurate and reliable, one set of device can respectively realize a vertical infiltration test and a horizontal infiltration test, the comparability of the test result is good, the cost is greatly saved, and the permeameter device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and high test precision;
(2) The size of the section of the sample box body is increased to be 1m multiplied by 1m, and the section of the sample box body is square, so that the sample filling during the horizontal penetration test of the sample is facilitated, and the penetration characteristic test of primary filling with the maximum grain size of 300mm can be met;
(3) The permeameter device adopts the structural design that the steel plates are welded with the ribbed plates, the ribbed plates are arranged in a square shape with the distance of 10cm, the strength and the rigidity of the permeameter device are improved, and a permeability characteristic test with the maximum test water pressure of 3.5MPa can be carried out;
(4) The inner wall of the sample box body of the permeameter device is sequentially coated with the bottom-coating adhesive layer and the water-swelling material rubber putty layer, the bottom-coating adhesive layer has adhesive force on the inner wall of the sample box body and the water-swelling material rubber putty layer, and when a sample is saturated, the flexible particle gel coating layer generates expansion deformation after meeting water, fills all irregular surfaces, cavities and gaps of the contact surface of the inner wall of the sample box body and the sample, and generates larger contact pressure at the same time, so that the side wall seepage in the process of a permeation test is reduced, the permeation test is more consistent with the actual condition, and the permeation test result is more accurate and reliable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multipurpose permeameter device for eliminating the effect of side wall circumferential flow according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged right side cross-sectional view taken at section A of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken at section B of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged left side cross-sectional view of the invention at section C of FIG. 1.
Description of the reference numerals
1. The water-permeable test device comprises a water inlet end cavity, a sample box body, a water outlet end cavity, a bottom coating adhesive layer, a water-swelling material rubber putty layer, a pressure measuring hole, a rib plate, a first edge perforating bolt, a first water-stopping rubber ring, a flange joint, a steel plate inner nut bolt, a second water-stopping rubber ring, a second edge perforating bolt, a third water-stopping rubber ring, a water-permeable plate, a first edge perforating bolt, a second edge perforating bolt, a third water-stopping rubber ring, a water-permeable plate, a second edge perforating bolt, a vertical penetrating support and a second edge perforating bolt, wherein the water inlet end cavity is 2, the sample box body is 3, the water outlet end cavity is 4, the bottom coating adhesive layer is 5, the water-swelling material rubber putty layer, the first edge perforating bolt is 6, the pressure measuring hole, the second water-stopping rubber ring is 12, the second water-stopping rubber ring is 13, the second edge perforating bolt is 14, the third water-permeable plate is 14, and the vertical penetrating support is provided;
1-1 parts of a vertical penetration test water inlet, 1-2 parts of a horizontal penetration test water inlet, 1-3 parts of an exhaust pipe, 1-4 parts of a water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure;
2-1, a box body, 2-2, a cover plate, 2-3 and a permeameter base;
2-1-1, the outer edge of the box body main body;
3-1 parts of a vertical penetration test water outlet, 3-2 parts of a horizontal penetration test water outlet, 3-3 parts of a sand discharge pipe, 3-4 parts of a water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to examples:
it should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, and other elements shown in the specification are included for the purpose of understanding and reading only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, and any modifications of the structures, changes in the proportions and adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the efficacy and attainment of the same.
In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the invention discloses a multipurpose permeameter device for eliminating a side wall bypassing effect, which comprises a water inlet end cavity 1, a sample box body 2, a water outlet end cavity 3, a primary coating adhesive layer 4 formed by coating a primary coating adhesive and a water-swelling material rubber putty layer 5 formed by coating water-swelling material rubber putty, wherein the primary coating adhesive is uniformly coated on the inner wall of the sample box body 2 to form the primary coating adhesive layer 4, the water-swelling material rubber putty is uniformly coated on the primary coating adhesive layer 4 to form the water-swelling material rubber putty layer 5, the number of the sections of the sample box body 2 is one section, two sections or multiple sections, the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 are sequentially assembled through flange connection along the horizontal or vertical direction, a water permeable plate 15 is arranged at the joint of the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3, and a horizontal penetration test is carried out when the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 are sequentially connected along the horizontal direction; when the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 are sequentially connected along the vertical direction, a vertical penetration test is carried out.
According to the invention, the spatial arrangement of the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 is adjusted, so that a horizontal penetration test and a vertical penetration test can be carried out, and when the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 are sequentially connected in the horizontal direction, the horizontal penetration test can be carried out; when the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 are sequentially connected in the vertical direction, a vertical penetration test can be performed, two kinds of penetration tests can be completed by one set of device, and the test cost is greatly reduced.
The water inlet end cavity 1 is used for balancing water pressure, so that the water pressure of a pressed section of the water inlet end of the sample is stable and balanced; the sample box body 2 is used for filling a sample and can meet the penetration test of a coarse-grained soil sample with the maximum grain size of below 300 mm; the water outlet end cavity 3 is used for collecting the seepage water of the section of the sample and ensuring the free discharge of the water flow at the water outlet end of the sample; the effect of porous disk 15 is when guaranteeing that experimental water freely sees through the plate body, and porous disk 15 plays the support design effect to the sample.
Example 2
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the water inlet end cavity 1 is composed of a vertical penetration test water inlet 1-1, a horizontal penetration test water inlet 1-2, an exhaust pipe 1-3 and a water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure 1-4, the vertical penetration test water inlet 1-1 is vertically welded to the lower side of the left end surface of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure 1-4, the horizontal penetration test water inlet 1-2 is vertically welded to the lower end surface of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure 1-4, the exhaust pipe 1-3 is vertically welded to the upper end surface of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure 1-4, and the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure 1-4 is a square cavity.
The vertical penetration test water inlet 1-1 is used for water inflow during a vertical penetration test, and the horizontal penetration test water inlet 1-2 is used for water inflow during a horizontal penetration test.
The vertical penetration test water inlet 1-1 and the horizontal penetration test water inlet 1-2 are used for connecting a water device for a pressurized test with a penetration instrument, and the exhaust pipe 1-3 is used for exhausting air in the water inlet end cavity 1 and pores when a sample is saturated.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, a vertical penetration support 16 is disposed on the left end surface of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure 1-4, when the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 are sequentially connected in the vertical direction, the water inlet end cavity 1 is disposed at the lowest end, the water outlet end cavity 3 is disposed at the uppermost end, and the vertical penetration support 16 is in contact with a fixed base or the ground to perform a vertical penetration test.
When carrying out the perpendicular penetration test, the perpendicular infiltration support 16 of the 1 left end face of end cavity of intaking contacts with unable adjustment base or ground, and 2 left end faces of end cavity of intaking is connected through the flange to the 1 right end face of end cavity of intaking, and 3 left end faces of end cavity of play are connected through the flange to the 2 right end faces of sample box, and end cavity 1 of intaking is at the bottom, and arbitrary sample box 2 is in the centre, and play water end cavity 3 is at the top.
Example 3
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the sample box body 2 includes a box body main body 2-1, a cover plate 2-2 and a permeameter base 2-3, a lower end face of the box body main body 2-1 is arranged on the permeameter base 2-3, an upper end face of the box body main body 2-1 is fixedly connected with the cover plate 2-2, the sample box body 2 is of a square structure, the length of the sample box body is 1 to 3m, the cross section of the sample box body 2-1 is 1m × 1m, pressure measuring holes 6 are uniformly distributed on front and back side faces of the box body main body 2-1, the pressure measuring instruments are sealed and fixed at the pressure measuring holes 6, the base coat adhesive layer 4 and the water-swellable material putty layer 5 are sequentially coated on inner walls of the front side, the back side and the bottom side of the box body main body 2-1, and the base coat adhesive layer 4 and the water-swellable material putty layer 5 are sequentially coated on an inner wall of one side of the cover plate 2-2 close to an inner cavity of the box body main body 2-1.
The section of the sample box body 2 is square, and a cover plate 2-2 of the sample box body 2 can be opened and is connected with a box body main body 2-1 through bolts.
The box body 2-1 is used for filling a sample, and the cover plate 2-2 is used for sealing the filled sample. The length of the sample box body 2 is 1-3m, and the cross section is 1m multiplied by 1m, so that the requirements of the corresponding particle size of the test on the length and the width of the sample are met, the preparation of the horizontal penetration test sample is convenient, and the test operation is convenient.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the box body 2-1 and the cover plate 2-2 are both steel plates, rib plates 7 are welded on the outer sides of the box body 2-1 and the cover plate 2-2, the rib plates 7 are arranged in a square manner at intervals of 10cm, and the strength and rigidity of the rib plates 7 meet the condition that the deformation value of each section of the sample box body 2 is less than 2mm within the range of 2m of the length under the effect of a maximum test water head of 3.5 MPa.
The rib plate 7 is used for increasing the strength and rigidity of the whole permeameter box body and preventing the box body from generating serious displacement deformation under the action of high water pressure so as to influence the stability of a test sample and the test accuracy; the strength and rigidity of the ribbed plate 7 meet the requirement that under the action of a maximum 3.5MPa test water head, the deformation value of each section of the sample box body within 2m of the length is less than 2mm, under the premise of ensuring that the test requirement is met, the proper deformation value is allowed, the manufacturing cost of the permeameter is saved, and meanwhile, the allowed deformation value is in an acceptable state under the deformation compensation of the water-swelling material rubber putty coated on the inner wall.
The sample box body 2 is made of special steel, and ribbed plates are added on the surface of steel, so that the device can meet the requirement that the maximum grain size reaches 300mm coarse-grained soil to carry out a high-water-head penetration test, and the penetration test comprises a horizontal penetration test and a vertical penetration test.
Example 4
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the upper end edges of the front and rear two side edges of the box body main body 2-1 are provided with outer edges 2-1-1 of the box body main body, the outer edges 2-1-1 of the box body main body are connected with the edges of the cover plate 2-2 through a first edge perforated bolt 8 in a full perforation manner, the outer edges 2-1-1 of the box body main body and the cover plate 2-2 are provided with grooves at corresponding positions close to the inner sides of the first edge perforated bolt 8, and first water-stopping rubber rings 9 are arranged in the two corresponding grooves.
The first water stop rubber ring 9 is used for sealing a gap between the box body main body 2-1 and the cover plate 2-2, and the first water stop rubber ring 9, the first edge perforated bolt 8 and the cover plate 2-2 act together to seal the sample.
The cover plate 2-2 is connected with the outer edges 2-1-1 of the box body main bodies on the left side and the right side of the box body main body 2-1 through full through holes by adopting first adjacent edge through hole bolts 8, a first water stop rubber ring 9 is arranged between the box body main body 2-1 and the cover plate 2-2, and the first adjacent edge through hole bolts 8 are screwed and sealed.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the upstream and downstream end faces of the box body main body 2-1 are respectively connected with a flange joint 10, the upstream and downstream edges of the cover plate 2-2 are connected with the flange joint 10 through a steel plate nut screw bolt 11, and grooves are arranged at corresponding positions of the cover plate 2-2 and the flange joint 10 close to the inner sides of the steel plate nut screw bolts 11, and second water-stop rubber rings 12 are arranged in the two corresponding grooves; the flange joints 10 of the two adjacent box bodies 2-1 are connected in a full-through mode through second adjacent edge perforated bolts 13, grooves are formed in the positions, close to the corresponding positions of the inner sides of the second adjacent edge perforated bolts 13, of the two flange joints 10, third water stop rubber rings 14 are arranged in the two corresponding grooves, and the thickness of each flange joint 10 is 35mm.
Example 5
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the water outlet end cavity 3 is composed of a vertical penetration test water outlet 3-1, a horizontal penetration test water outlet 3-2, a sand discharge pipe 3-3 and a water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure 3-4, wherein the vertical penetration test water outlet 3-1 is vertically welded on the upper end surface of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure 3-4, the horizontal penetration test water outlet 3-2 is vertically welded on the upper side of the right end surface of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure 3-4, the sand discharge pipe 3-3 is vertically welded on the lower end surface of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure 3-4, and the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure 3-4 is a square cavity.
The vertical penetration test water outlet 3-1 is used for discharging water during a vertical penetration test, the horizontal penetration test water outlet 3-2 is used for discharging water during a horizontal penetration test, and the sand discharge pipe 3-3 is used for discharging a sample penetrating into the water outlet end cavity 3.
Example 6
Preferably, the water permeable plate 15 is formed by welding water permeable rib plates outside an open pore steel plate, the water permeable rib plates are arranged in a square shape, the strength and rigidity of the water permeable rib plates meet the condition that the deformation value is less than 2mm in the length range of every 1m under the action of a test water head of maximum 3.5MPa, the open pore diameter of the water permeable plate 15 is 5-10mm, and the opening rate is 16-20%.
The porous disk 15 is used for separating the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3, ensures that water can pass through and plays a supporting role.
The diameter of the open hole of the permeable plate 15 is 8mm, so that the sufficient channel size of fine particles in a sample is guaranteed to be taken out by water flow, the stability of the sample can be guaranteed, according to the past test experience, the particle size of the sample carried by the water flow is basically smaller than 8mm, the open hole rate is 16-20%, the integral water permeability of the permeable plate is guaranteed, the situation that the open hole rate is too small to influence the removal of sample seepage water is avoided, and the strength and the rigidity of a steel plate are reduced due to too large open hole.
Example 7
Preferably, the coating thickness of the primer binder layer 4 is 0.3 to 0.8mm, and the coating thickness of the water-swellable rubber putty layer 5 is 2 to 6mm.
The prime coat binder has binding power on the inner wall of the sample box body 2 and the water-swellable material rubber putty, the coating thickness of the prime coat binder is 0.3 to 0.8mm, and under the condition that the water pressure of permeation is 3.5MPa, the binding between the sample box body 2 of the permeameter and the prime coat binder and between the prime coat binder and the water-swellable material rubber putty is firm, and no delamination is generated.
Preferably, the primer adhesive is selected from HYT epoxy primers.
Example 8
Preferably, the method for using the multipurpose permeameter device for eliminating the effect of side wall circumfluence as mentioned in any one of the above items comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting the number of sections of the sample box body 2 according to the length of the sample;
step 2: cleaning the surface of the inner wall of the sample box body 2, ensuring the surface to be clean and dry, uniformly coating a base coat adhesive on the surface of the inner wall of the sample box body 2 to form a base coat adhesive layer 4, and coating water-swelling material rubber putty on the surface of the base coat adhesive layer 4 to form a water-swelling material rubber putty layer 5 after the base coat adhesive is coated for 24 hours;
and step 3: when a horizontal penetration test is carried out, the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 are connected through flanges along the horizontal direction; filling a sample according to test requirements, carrying out water dripping saturation on the sample, sealing the surface of the sample by adopting micro-expansion compensation shrinkage concrete after the sample is saturated, and screwing the sample box body 2 before the concrete is initially set to tightly seal the sample box body 2; opening a water inlet of the water inlet end cavity 1 to lift a test water head, enabling water to enter the water inlet end cavity 1, penetrate through a sample in the sample box body 2, and finally penetrate into the water outlet end cavity 3 to perform a horizontal penetration test;
and 4, step 4: when a vertical penetration test is carried out, the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 are connected through flanges along the vertical direction; tightly sealing the sample box body 2, filling the sample according to the test requirement, and carrying out water dripping saturation on the sample; the water inlet of the water inlet end cavity 1 is opened to lift the test water head, water enters the water inlet end cavity 1, permeates the sample in the sample box body 2, and finally permeates into the water outlet end cavity 3 to perform a vertical penetration test.
Example 9
The device of the invention is adopted to carry out a horizontal permeability characteristic test on a bedding material and a filter material with the maximum grain size of 200mm of the filling material, wherein the length of the bedding material is 3.0m, the length of the filter material is 1.0m, and the maximum water head of the test is 200m, and the operation steps are as follows:
step 1: determining 2 sections of sample box bodies 2 required according to the length of the sample;
step 2: cleaning the surface of the inner wall of the sample box body 2, ensuring the surface to be clean and dry, uniformly coating a low-coating adhesive on the surface of the inner wall of the sample box body 2 to form a bottom-coating adhesive layer 4, wherein the coating is uniform and cannot be omitted, and coating water-swelling material rubber putty on the surface of the bottom-coating adhesive layer 4 after 24 hours of coating of the low-coating adhesive to form a water-swelling material rubber putty layer 5;
and step 3: according to the type of the horizontal penetration test, a water inlet end cavity 1, a sample box body 2 and a water outlet end cavity 3 are connected through flanges along the horizontal direction, and a water inlet 1-1 of the vertical penetration test is sealed by a blocking plate;
filling a sample according to test requirements, firstly opening a cover plate 2-2, filling the sample into a box body main body 2-1, after filling is completed, opening an exhaust pipe 1-3 to perform water dripping saturation on the sample, sealing the surface of the sample by micro-expansion compensation shrinkage concrete after saturation, and screwing bolts of the cover plate 2-2 before initial setting of the concrete to tightly seal the cover plate 2-2 and the box body main body 2-1;
and opening a water inlet 1-2 of the horizontal penetration test to lift a test water head for carrying out the horizontal penetration test.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a multipurpose permeameter device for eliminating a side wall streaming effect, which comprises a water inlet end cavity 1, a sample box body 2, a water outlet end cavity 3, a primer adhesive layer 4 formed by coating a low-coating adhesive and a water-swelling material rubber putty layer 5 formed by coating water-swelling material rubber putty, wherein the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 are assembled through flange connection, the section of the sample box body 2 is square, a cover plate 2-2 of the sample box body 2 can be opened and is connected with a box body main body 2-1 through a bolt, the cover plate 2-2 is opened for sample filling, the box body main body 2-1 and the cover plate 2-2 are tightly sealed after filling is finished, the primer adhesive layer 4 and the water-swelling material rubber putty layer 5 are sequentially coated on the inner wall of the sample box body 2, the side wall streaming in the test process can be reduced by processing the inner wall of the box body, and the test precision is improved; the water inlet end cavity 1 consists of a vertical penetration test water inlet 1-1, a horizontal penetration test water inlet 1-2, an exhaust pipe 1-3 and a water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure 1-4, the water outlet end cavity 3 consists of a vertical penetration test water outlet 3-1, a horizontal penetration test water outlet 3-2, a sand discharge pipe 3-3 and a water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure 3-4, each cavity module is made of special steel, a ribbed plate is added on the surface of steel, the test device can meet the requirement that coarse-grained soil with the maximum grain size of 300mm is subjected to a high-water-head penetration test, the penetration test comprises a horizontal penetration test and a vertical penetration test, and when the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 are sequentially connected in the horizontal direction, the horizontal penetration test can be performed; when the water inlet end cavity 1, the sample box body 2 and the water outlet end cavity 3 are adjusted to be sequentially connected in the vertical direction, a vertical penetration test can be performed.
The invention provides a device for performing an infiltration test on ultra-large-particle-size coarse-grained soil under the condition of high water head, which avoids the scale reduction effect and can accurately reflect the actual situation.
The size of the section of the sample box body is increased to be 1m multiplied by 1m, and the section of the sample box body is square, so that the sample filling during the horizontal penetration test of the sample is facilitated, the penetration characteristic test of primary filling with the maximum grain size of 300mm can be met, the sample box body can be in any section, can be selected according to the length of an example sample, and is suitable for various test requirements.
The permeameter device adopts the structural design of welding ribbed plates by steel plates, the ribbed plates are arranged in a square shape with the distance of 10cm, the strength and the rigidity of the permeameter device are improved, and a permeability characteristic test with the maximum test water pressure of 3.5MPa can be carried out.
The inner wall of the sample box body of the permeameter device is sequentially coated with the base coat adhesive layer and the water-swelling material rubber putty layer, the base coat adhesive layer has adhesive force on the inner wall of the sample box body and the water-swelling material rubber putty layer, and when a sample is saturated, the flexible particle gel coating layer generates expansion deformation after contacting water, fills all irregular surfaces, cavities and gaps of the contact surface of the inner wall of the sample box body and the sample, and generates larger contact pressure, so that the side wall seepage in the permeation test process is reduced, the permeation test is more in line with the actual situation, and the permeation test result is more accurate and reliable.
The bottom coating adhesive layer and the water-swelling material rubber putty layer coated on the inner wall of the sample box body of the permeameter device can be repeatedly used, the steps of test operation are simplified, the structure is simple, the use is convenient, the separation layer formed between the flexible water-blocking material and the inner wall of the permeameter is avoided, materials are saved, the test precision and the test success rate are improved, and the test cost is saved.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Many other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments, but only by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A multipurpose permeameter device for eliminating the circumferential wall streaming effect is characterized in that: the water-permeable test device comprises a water inlet end cavity (1), a sample box body (2), a water outlet end cavity (3), a bottom coating adhesive layer (4) formed by coating a bottom coating adhesive and a water-swelling material rubber putty layer (5) formed by coating water-swelling material rubber putty, wherein the bottom coating adhesive is uniformly coated on the inner wall of the sample box body (2) to form the bottom coating adhesive layer (4), the water-swelling material rubber putty is uniformly coated on the bottom coating adhesive layer (4) to form the water-swelling material rubber putty layer (5), the number of joints of the sample box body (2) is one, two or more, the water inlet end cavity (1), the sample box body (2) and the water outlet end cavity (3) are sequentially assembled through flange connection along the horizontal or vertical direction, and water permeable plates (15) are arranged at the joints of the water inlet end cavity (1), the sample box body (2) and the water outlet end cavity (3) in sequence along the horizontal direction for carrying out a horizontal permeation test; when the water inlet end cavity (1), the sample box body (2) and the water outlet end cavity (3) are sequentially connected along the vertical direction, a vertical penetration test is carried out; the sample box body (2) comprises a box body main body (2-1), a cover plate (2-2) and a permeameter base (2-3), the lower end face of the box body main body (2-1) is arranged on the permeameter base (2-3), the upper end face of the box body main body (2-1) is fixedly connected with the cover plate (2-2), the box body main body (2-1) and the cover plate (2-2) are both made of steel plates, rib plates (7) are welded on the outer sides of the box body main body (2-1) and the cover plate (2-2), the rib plates (7) are arranged in a square mode at intervals of 10cm, the strength and the rigidity of the rib plates (7) meet the condition that the deformation value of each section of the sample box body (2) is smaller than 2mm within the range of 2m under the maximum 3.5MPa water head test effect; the upper end edges of the front side edge and the rear side edge of the box body main body (2-1-1) are provided with box body main body outer edges (2-1-1), the outer edges (2-1-1) of the box body main body are in full perforation connection with the edges of the cover plate (2-2) through first edge perforation bolts (8), grooves are arranged at corresponding positions of the outer edges (2-1-1) of the box body main body and the inner side of the cover plate (2-2) close to the first edge perforation bolts (8), first water stop rubber rings (9) are arranged in the two corresponding grooves, the upstream end surfaces and the downstream end surfaces of the box body main body (2-1) are respectively connected with flange joints (10), the upstream edge and the downstream edge of the cover plate (2-2) are connected with the flange joints (10) through steel plate inner nut bolts (11), grooves are arranged at corresponding positions of the inner sides of the cover plate (2-2) and the flange joints (10) close to the steel plate inner nut bolts (11), and second water stop rubber rings (12) are arranged in the two corresponding grooves; the flange joints (10) of two adjacent box bodies (2-1) are connected in a full-through mode through second adjacent edge through bolts (13), grooves are arranged at corresponding positions of the inner sides, close to the second adjacent edge through bolts (13), of the two flange joints (10), third water stop rubber rings (14) are arranged in the two corresponding grooves, and the thickness of each flange joint (10) is 35mm; the test device can meet the requirement that the maximum particle size reaches 300mm coarse-grained soil to carry out a high water head penetration test, and the penetration test comprises a horizontal penetration test and a vertical penetration test.
2. The multipurpose permeameter device for eliminating the effect of side wall bypassing according to claim 1, wherein: the water inlet end cavity (1) consists of a vertical penetration test water inlet (1-1), a horizontal penetration test water inlet (1-2), an exhaust pipe (1-3) and a water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure (1-4), wherein the vertical penetration test water inlet (1-1) is vertically welded on the lower side of the left end surface of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure (1-4), the horizontal penetration test water inlet (1-2) is vertically welded on the lower end surface of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure (1-4), the exhaust pipe (1-3) is vertically welded on the upper end surface of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure (1-4), and the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure (1-4) is a square cavity; the left end face of the water inlet steel plate face cavity structure (1-4) is provided with a vertical penetration support (16), when the water inlet end cavity (1), the sample box body (2) and the water outlet end cavity (3) are sequentially connected in the vertical direction, the water inlet end cavity (1) is arranged at the lowest end, the water outlet end cavity (3) is arranged at the uppermost end, and the vertical penetration support (16) is in contact with a fixed base or the ground to perform a vertical penetration test.
3. The multipurpose permeameter device for eliminating the effect of side wall bypassing according to claim 1, wherein: the test sample box body (2) is of a square structure, the length of the test sample box body is 1-3m, the cross section of the test sample box body is 1m multiplied by 1m, pressure measuring holes (6) are uniformly distributed on the front side surface and the rear side surface of the box body main body (2-1), a pressure measuring instrument is fixed at the positions of the pressure measuring holes (6) in a sealing mode, the base coat adhesive layer (4) and the water-swelling material rubber putty layer (5) are sequentially coated on the inner walls of the front side, the rear side and the bottom side of the box body main body (2-1), and the base coat adhesive layer (4) and the water-swelling material rubber putty layer (5) are sequentially coated on the inner wall, close to the inner cavity of the box body main body (2-1), of the cover plate (2-2).
4. The multipurpose permeameter device for eliminating the effect of side wall bypassing according to claim 1, wherein: the water outlet end cavity (3) is composed of a vertical penetration test water outlet (3-1), a horizontal penetration test water outlet (3-2), a sand discharge pipe (3-3) and a water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure (3-4), wherein the vertical penetration test water outlet (3-1) is vertically welded on the upper end face of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure (3-4), the horizontal penetration test water outlet (3-2) is vertically welded on the upper side of the right end face of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure (3-4), the sand discharge pipe (3-3) is vertically welded on the lower end face of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure (3-4), and the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure (3-4) is a square cavity.
5. The multipurpose permeameter device for eliminating the effect of side wall bypassing according to claim 1, wherein: the water permeable plate (15) is formed by welding water permeable rib plates outside an open pore steel plate, the water permeable rib plates are arranged in a square mode, the strength and rigidity of the water permeable rib plates meet the condition that the deformation value is smaller than 2mm in the length range of every 1m under the action of a test water head of 3.5MPa at most, the open pore diameter of the water permeable plate (15) is 5-10mm, and the open pore rate is 16-20%.
6. The multipurpose permeameter device for eliminating the effect of side wall bypassing according to claim 1, wherein: the coating thickness of the primer binder layer (4) is 0.3 to 0.8mm, and the coating thickness of the water-swellable rubber putty layer (5) is 2 to 6mm.
7. The multipurpose permeameter device for eliminating the effect of side wall bypassing according to claim 1, wherein: the primer adhesive is selected from HYT epoxy primer.
8. A method of using the multipurpose permeameter device for eliminating the effect of side wall streaming according to any one of claims 1~7, comprising the steps of:
step 1: selecting the number of sections of the sample box body (2) according to the length of the sample;
step 2: cleaning the inner wall surface of the sample box body (2) to ensure that the inner wall surface is clean and dry, uniformly coating a prime coat adhesive on the inner wall surface of the sample box body (2) to form a prime coat adhesive layer (4), and coating water-swelling material rubber putty on the surface of the prime coat adhesive layer (4) to form a water-swelling material rubber putty layer (5) after the prime coat adhesive is coated for 24 hours;
and step 3: when a horizontal penetration test is carried out, the water inlet end cavity (1), the sample box body (2) and the water outlet end cavity (3) are connected through flanges along the horizontal direction; filling a sample according to test requirements, carrying out water dripping saturation on the sample, sealing the surface of the sample by micro-expansion compensation shrinkage concrete after the sample is saturated, and screwing the sample box body (2) before the concrete is initially set to tightly seal the sample box body (2); opening a water inlet of the water inlet end cavity (1) to lift a test water head, enabling water to enter the water inlet end cavity (1), penetrate through a sample in the sample box body (2), and finally penetrate into the water outlet end cavity (3) to perform a horizontal penetration test;
and 4, step 4: when a vertical penetration test is carried out, the water inlet end cavity (1), the sample box body (2) and the water outlet end cavity (3) are connected through flanges along the vertical direction; tightly sealing the sample box body (2), filling the sample according to the test requirement, and carrying out water dripping saturation on the sample; and opening a water inlet of the water inlet end cavity (1) to lift the test water head, enabling water to enter the water inlet end cavity (1), penetrate through the sample in the sample box body (2), and finally penetrate into the water outlet end cavity (3) to perform a vertical penetration test.
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| CN202110340950.9A CN112986100B (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2021-03-30 | Multipurpose permeameter device for eliminating side wall streaming effect and using method |
| PCT/CN2021/090101 WO2022205549A1 (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2021-04-27 | Multi-purpose permeation deformation test intelligent system and working method thereof |
| DE112021000127.2T DE112021000127T5 (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2021-04-27 | INTELLIGENT MULTIPURPOSE SEALING DEFORMATION TEST SYSTEM AND ITS OPERATION PROCEDURE |
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| WO2001090724A1 (en) * | 1999-12-14 | 2001-11-29 | Daniel Turner | Multi-directional permeameter |
| CN201535745U (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2010-07-28 | 黄河勘测规划设计有限公司 | Seepage deformation instrument |
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| CN101949815A (en) * | 2010-08-10 | 2011-01-19 | 清华大学 | Permeameter and permeability coefficient measuring system with same |
| CN203672756U (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-06-25 | 河海大学 | Indoor constant head test device for anisotropic soil bidirectional permeability coefficient |
| CN209656518U (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-11-19 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of device for eliminating permeability test wall effect |
| CN110082274B (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2024-05-10 | 陕西秦海检测科技有限公司 | Large-scale original grading coarse-grained soil horizontal penetration deformation tester and test method |
| CN111337414B (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2021-07-16 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Intelligent graded loading and variable-seepage-diameter ultra-large horizontal penetration test system |
| US10809175B1 (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-10-20 | Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University | Device and method for soil hydraulic permeability measurement |
| CN111693436B (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2024-07-19 | 浙江工业大学 | Coarse sand soil horizontal seepage flow model box and test method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2001090724A1 (en) * | 1999-12-14 | 2001-11-29 | Daniel Turner | Multi-directional permeameter |
| CN201535745U (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2010-07-28 | 黄河勘测规划设计有限公司 | Seepage deformation instrument |
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