CN103236209A - Riverway cross-section two-dimensional underground seepage hydraulic experiment device - Google Patents
Riverway cross-section two-dimensional underground seepage hydraulic experiment device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103236209A CN103236209A CN2013101754711A CN201310175471A CN103236209A CN 103236209 A CN103236209 A CN 103236209A CN 2013101754711 A CN2013101754711 A CN 2013101754711A CN 201310175471 A CN201310175471 A CN 201310175471A CN 103236209 A CN103236209 A CN 103236209A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to an equipment manufacturing technology in the field of seepage hydraulics, and relates to a riverway cross-section two-dimensional underground seepage hydraulic experiment device. The front fa.ade is uniformly provided with sand sampling holes; an unsaturated zone and an underground seepage region are positioned above and below a phreatic line respectively; a sand packing is filled in a fa.ade steel framework groove body; the bottom of an underground seepage region water outlet vertical shaft is provided with a tee joint and a blow-down pipe valve which are fixedly connected with an underground water level adjusting tank; pressure measuring pipes on a pressure measuring row are fixedly connected with the sand sampling holes through hoses; the upstream tank bottom of a first overflow clapboard in the middle of a riverway water level adjusting tank is fixedly connected with a riverway water inlet hose, a flowmeter and a valve, and the downstream tank bottom is connected with an overflow pipe; the middle of the underground water level adjusting tank is provided with a second overflow clapboard; and a gravimetric method metering water tank is fixedly provided with a drain pipe valve, and is arranged on an electronic platform scale. The device is simple in structure, convenient to operate, easy to manufacture and master, flexible to control and adjust and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the equipment manufacturing technology in the wandering water mechanics field, relate to and a kind ofly descend the equipment, particularly a kind of river channel cross section of the hydraulic basic experiment of seepage flow and systematic study to descend wandering water Experiments of Machanics device two-dimensionally two-dimensionally to river channel cross section.
Background technology:
Dry-out often appears in northern China arid and semi-arid area seasonal stream, when interim initial several peb processes in flood season, tangible river course can occur along the Cheng Shuiliang filter loss.Flood passage phase river course directly influences water regime and water information such as the increment of groundwater and supply process such as its peb process evolution, flood peak fluctuation, flood peak size and magnanimity along the journey seepage, for example be positioned at the groundwater reservoir of downstream, river, Dagu, Qingdao valley plain, 51km long from south to north, the average wide 5-8km of thing, total area 421.7km
2, the buried depth that is rich in water layer of sand and sand gravel layer is generally 4-8m, and is interim when flood season, and the situation of the flood flood peak that becomes a mandarin often takes place not have when upstream flood flood peak evolves to the downstream estuary.Therefore, carry out river channel cross section and descend the hydraulic fundamental research of seepage flow two-dimensionally, calculate and grasp mechanism and the effect that the river course seepage influences advance of freshet for the accurate forecast of seasonal stream flood flood peak, the recharge of ground water, have important scientific meaning and actual application value.
At present, mainly be to adopt darcy experiment instrument, soil-column test, the test of individual well rotational symmetry and on-the-spot water-bearing zone bailing test means for the hydraulic research of underground percolation, the yardstick of model test is less relatively, the seepage flow flow process is short, historical short, inaccessible and actual in similar, bailing test is subjected to limitation of field condition again, is difficult to carry out the systematic study of underground percolation knowledge question of water conservancy, and descends the systematic study of wandering water mechanics problem and achievement thereof not to see bibliographical information as yet two-dimensionally to river channel cross section.Therefore, seek to design and a kind ofly descend the wandering water mechanics to carry out basic and experimental provision systematic Study two-dimensionally to river channel cross section, have important scientific meaning and actual application value, the exploitation of this experimental provision, consider the one-dimensional characteristic of river advance of freshet, the two dimensional fluid flow feature of river course to below, river bed and two side direction links closely, generally change processing, make every effort to problem is simplified accordingly, can catch principal character and the influence factor of problem again, the evolution of river flood when dry, first what run into is flood forward's Seepage problems, this point all is similarly on river channel cross section, can be in instantaneous Seepage problems from the simulate formation transversal section to the river cross-section water-filling that come; The secondth, keep the certain water level of river channel cross section in the flood wave communication process, form the Seepage problems of underground transversal section; The 3rd is that the seasonal river course of research seepage is to the accurate forecast of flood flood peak and the influence of recharge of ground water calculating, the control volume of its research element of fluid is normally got section or the river channel cross section of unit length and is analyzed, and the otherness of each river channel cross section can adopt variable to represent., water-bearing zone whether dry as river course form and yardstick, river water level and WATER LEVEL CHANGES, sand grating, packing, porosity, water percentage (saturation degree), initial stage and aeration zone thickness and precipitation intensity etc.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming that prior art exists, seeking design provides a kind of river channel cross section to descend wandering water Experiments of Machanics device two-dimensionally, influence problems such as the mechanism of advance of freshet and effect and provide accurate technique method and experimental provision, the difficult problem of aeration zone unsaturation two dimensional fluid flow, surface precipitation and river water level and the WATER LEVEL CHANGES that can't consider in the solution normal experiment device for accurate forecast, the recharge of ground water of northern China arid and semi-arid area seasonal stream flood flood peak calculates and grasp the river course seepage.
To achieve these goals, agent structure of the present invention comprises facade steel framework cell body, facade behind the cell body, preceding facade, the right side facade, the dismantled and assembled door-plate of left side facade, sole plate, bottom panel, set bolt, porous plate, the framework girder steel, the framework steel column, the sand thieff hatch, phreatic line, the river course, river levee, the river water level line, the outer ground of river levee, underground percolation district water side vertical shaft, decide head water supply pipe valve, valve, flowmeter, along the journey antipriming pipe of releasing, feed pipe, the river water level regulating box, first weir divider, the river course water supply hose, flowmeter, valve, run-down pipe, the first self-locking rack-and-pinion lifter, first fixed support, the underground water table regulating box, second weir divider, the underground percolation delivery hose, threeway, the emptying pipe valve, the second self-locking rack-and-pinion lifter, second fixed support, underground percolation water outlet run-down pipe, gravimetric method metering water tank, the draining pipe valve, electronic weighbridge, the river water level scale, underground water level of drilled shaft scale, the underground percolation district, aeration zone, fixed support, the self-locking ratchet, slide rail, ratchet, detent, rocking bar, handle, pressure measurement row, piezometric tube, scale and flexible pipe; Facade steel framework cell body top is hatch frame, and facade and preceding facade are processed into by poly (methyl methacrylate) plate behind the cell body, observes sand pervious bed and phreatic line during experiment; Right side facade and the dismantled and assembled door-plate of left side facade are processed into by steel plate, and facade dismantled and assembled door-plate in left side is center, river course symmetry vertical plane as the door that cell body goes out sand; The sole plate of facade steel framework cell body bottom is processed into by square steel, and the bottom panel on the sole plate is processed into by steel plate, the fastening left side of set bolt facade dismounting door-plate and sole plate; The upper and lower end of the framework steel column of the forward and backward both sides of facade steel framework cell body adopts the crossbeam welding to form the circle body force structure, prevent that unbalance stress from causing facade steel boom well body deformability and cracking, it is stressed that welding forms steel framework integral body between each framework girder steel of the forward and backward both sides of facade steel framework cell body and each the circle body structure, uses waterproof strong glue or the leakproof of adhesive tape adhering and sealing behind the bottom surface of facade steel framework cell body, the cell body between facade, preceding facade and each facade of right side facade respectively; Porous plate adopts permeable dividing plate, and underground percolation district and water side vertical shaft are separated, and the left side of porous plate covers one deck or two layers of burlap sheet, prevents sand running-down; The method that adopts gridding method to layout at interval on the preceding facade evenly distributes and is shaped on the sand thieff hatch, and the sand thieff hatch is used for the sand of sampling, and is convenient to measure the character of sand in the stratum, and the plug sealing is installed; Phreatic line is a performance graph, the SEA LEVEL VARIATION in reflection underground percolation district, and the below of phreatic line is the underground percolation district, the top of phreatic line is aeration zone; Be filled with the sand filler in the facade steel framework cell body; The river course is half of single entry or compound cross-section, covers one deck or two layers of burlap sheet on the river course, prevents into the water landform of destroying by rush of water, or makes permeable fixed bed; River levee is clay compacting body, and levee crown and side slope are done protective treatment, and the protection river levee is not destroyed by rush of water; The river water level line is a performance graph, the variation of reflection river flood position; The top layer on the outer ground of river levee covers one deck or two layers of burlap sheet, prevents along the journey precipitation of the antipriming pipe landform of destroying by rush of water of releasing; Vertical shaft accepted scale observation water side, vadose region, water side, underground percolation district water level, the bottom of underground percolation district water side vertical shaft is shaped on threeway and emptying pipe valve, threeway is fixedlyed connected with the underground water table regulating box by the underground percolation delivery hose with the emptying pipe valve, and the emptying pipe valve is used for the underground water of experiment vadose region in the discharging facade steel framework cell body; Each piezometric tube on the pressure measurement row adopts flexible pipe to fixedly connected with the sand thieff hatch, is used for measuring the some pressure in underground percolation district, and scale is used for reading each point pressure, in order to calculate underground water table, seepage velocity and infiltration coefficient hydraulic elements; Decide head water supply pipe valve and fixedly connected with outside laboratory high-level tank water system, open and decide head water supply pipe valve, supply water for the river water level regulating box by feed pipe; Be shaped on first weir divider in the middle of the river water level regulating box, be fixedly connected with river course water supply hose, flowmeter and valve at the bottom of the upstream case of first weir divider, the flow and the poised stream water level that are used for regulating control and are metered to river cross-section; Be connected with run-down pipe at the bottom of the downstream tank of first weir divider, run-down pipe flows into outside laboratory water-break system; Facade dismantled and assembled door-plate in left side fixedly is shaped on first fixed support, first fixed support is fixed on the first self-locking rack-and-pinion lifter on the facade steel framework cell body, the first self-locking rack-and-pinion lifter is used for regulating the river water level height, and the simulation river water level changes; Handle shakes the rocking bar swing pinion and drives the river water level regulating box lifting that tooth bar connects, and the self-locking of self-locking ratchet is non-return; When experiment needs to reduce water level, manually removed the stop ratchet, the reversing gear handle, the river water level regulating box is reduced to needs height of water level, it is non-return to put down detent enforcement self-locking, reads river water level by the river water level scale, if early stage, the river course was dry, then the experiment beginning is washed by water to the river course to testing flood stage, so that simulation river course seepage is to influence and the recharge of ground water situation of advance of freshet; If early stage, there was water in the river course, then a few hours or a couple of days wash by water to initial water level to the river course before the experiment beginning, are adjusted to the experiment flood stage again, carry out corresponding Experiment Data Records; Underground percolation district water side vertical shaft is connected with the underground water table regulating box with flexible pipe by the bottom threeway, be provided with second weir divider in the middle of the underground water table regulating box, connect water side, vadose region vertical shaft by flexible pipe at the bottom of the upstream case of second weir divider, be convenient to stablize underground water table; Connect underground percolation water outlet run-down pipe at the bottom of the downstream tank of second weir divider, water in the underground percolation water outlet run-down pipe flows into gravimetric method metering water tank, fixedly be shaped on the emptied of water pipe valve on the gravimetric method metering water tank, gravimetric method metering water tank is placed on the electronic weighbridge, time recording underground water table and seepage flow water outlet weight are to obtain water level and the discharge curve of seepage flow; The second self-locking rack-and-pinion lifter is used for regulating the underground water table height, and the simulate formation water level changes, and fixed support is fixed on the second self-locking rack-and-pinion lifter on the facade steel framework cell body; Handle shakes the rocking bar swing pinion and drives the underground water table regulating box lifting that tooth bar connects, and self-locking ratchet meeting self-locking is non-return; When experiment needs to reduce water level, manually removed the stop ratchet, the reversing gear handle, the underground water table regulating box is reduced to needs height of water level, and it is non-return to put down detent enforcement self-locking, reads underground water table by the underground water table scale; Deciding head water supply pipe valve fixedlys connected with outside laboratory high-level tank water system, valve and flowmeter be used for to regulate control and metering simulation precipitation process along the release water yield of antipriming pipe of journey, control precipitation intensity along the journey antipriming pipe precipitation infiltration simulation system of releasing according to experimental program, implement simulation precipitation process by facade steel framework cell body top open part; When the valve Close All, illustrate that this river cross-section present position do not have precipitation, river flood and transversal section two dimension underground percolation produce by upland water.
The agent structure of the self-locking rack-and-pinion lifter that the present invention relates to comprises facade steel framework cell body, underground water table regulating box, second fixed support, fixed support, self-locking ratchet and slide rail; Fixedly be shaped on fixed support on the facade steel framework cell body, support bracket fastened middle part is shaped on the self-locking ratchet, and support bracket fastened outside parallel construction is shaped on slide rail, and place's downside fixedly is shaped on the underground water table regulating box by second fixed support in the middle of the slide rail; Fixedly be shaped on the self-locking gear ﹠ rack structure by detent on the side surface body of slide rail, the self-locking gear ﹠ rack structure cooperates interlock to combine by self-locking ratchet, ratchet, rocking bar and handle, realizes by manually carrying out auto-lock function.
The present invention compared with prior art, it is simple in structure, easy to operate, be easy to make and grasp, the control of experiment condition and adjusting are flexibly, experimental technique and reliable results, realize environmental friendliness, solve aeration zone unsaturation two dimensional fluid flow, surface precipitation and river water level and the WATER LEVEL CHANGES difficult problem that to consider in the normal experiment device, influence problem in science such as the mechanism of advance of freshet and effect for accurate forecast, the recharge of ground water of research seasonal stream flood flood peak calculates and grasp the river course seepage, comparatively accurate technique method and suitable experimental provision are provided.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is agent structure principle schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the pressure measurement row structural principle synoptic diagram that the present invention relates to.
Fig. 3 is the self-locking rack-and-pinion elevator structure principle schematic that the present invention relates to, and wherein a is the elevator structure principle schematic, and b is self-locking gear ﹠ rack structure principle schematic.
Embodiment:
Also be described further by reference to the accompanying drawings below by embodiment.
The agent structure of present embodiment comprises facade steel framework cell body 1, facade 2 behind the cell body, preceding facade 3, right side facade 4, the dismantled and assembled door-plate 5 of left side facade, sole plate 6, bottom panel 7, set bolt 8, porous plate 9, framework girder steel 10, framework steel column 11, sand thieff hatch 12, phreatic line 13, river course 14, river levee 15, river water level line 16, the outer ground 17 of river levee, underground percolation district water side vertical shaft 18, decide head water supply pipe valve 19, valve 20, flowmeter 21, along the journey antipriming pipe 22 of releasing, feed pipe 23, river water level regulating box 24, first weir divider 25, river course water supply hose 26, flowmeter 27, valve 28, run-down pipe 29, the first self-locking rack-and-pinion lifter 30, first fixed support 31, underground water table regulating box 32, second weir divider 33, underground percolation delivery hose 34, threeway 35, emptying pipe valve 36, the second self-locking rack-and-pinion lifter 37, second fixed support 38, underground percolation water outlet run-down pipe 39, gravimetric method metering water tank 40, draining pipe valve 41, electronic weighbridge 42, river water level scale 43, underground water level of drilled shaft scale 44, underground percolation district 45, aeration zone 46, fixed support 47, self-locking ratchet 48, slide rail 49, ratchet 50, detent 51, rocking bar 52, handle 53, pressure measurement row 54, piezometric tube 55, scale 56 and flexible pipe 57; Facade steel framework cell body 1 top is hatch frame, and facade 2 and preceding facade 3 are processed into by poly (methyl methacrylate) plate behind the cell body, observe sand pervious bed and phreatic line 13 during experiment; The dismantled and assembled door-plate of right side facade 4 and left side facade 5 is processed into by steel plate, and facade dismantled and assembled door-plate 5 in left side is center, river course symmetry vertical plane as the door that cell body goes out sand; The sole plate 6 of facade steel framework cell body 1 bottom is processed into by square steel, and bottom panel on the sole plate 67 is processed into set bolt 8 fastening left side facade dismounting door-plate 5 and sole plates 6 by steel plate; The upper and lower end of the framework steel column 11 of facade steel framework cell body 1 forward and backward both sides adopts the crossbeam welding to form the circle body force structure, prevent that unbalance stress from causing 1 distortion of facade steel framework cell body and cracking, it is stressed that welding forms steel framework integral body between each framework girder steel 10 of facade steel framework cell body 1 forward and backward both sides and each the circle body structure, uses waterproof strong glue or the leakproof of adhesive tape adhering and sealing respectively between facade 2, preceding facade 3 and right side facade 4 each facade behind the bottom surface of facade steel framework cell body 1, the cell body; Porous plate 9 adopts permeable dividing plate, and underground percolation district 45 and water side vertical shaft 18 are separated, and the left side of porous plate 9 covers one deck or two layers of burlap sheet, prevents sand running-down; The method that adopts gridding method to layout at interval on the preceding facade 3 evenly distributes and is shaped on sand thieff hatch 12, and sand thieff hatch 12 is used for the sand of sampling, and is convenient to measure the character of sand in the stratum, and the plug sealing is installed; Phreatic line 13 is a performance graph, the SEA LEVEL VARIATION in reflection underground percolation district, and the below of phreatic line 13 is underground percolation district 45, the top of phreatic line 13 is aeration zone 46; Be filled with the sand filler in the facade steel framework cell body 1; River course 14 is half of single entry or compound cross-section, covers one deck or two layers of burlap sheet on the river course 14, prevents into the water landform of destroying by rush of water, or makes permeable fixed bed; River levee 15 is clay compacting body, and levee crown and side slope are done protective treatment, and the protection river levee is not destroyed by rush of water; River water level line 16 is a performance graph, the variation of reflection river flood position; The top layer on the outer ground 17 of river levee covers one deck or two layers of burlap sheet, prevents along the journey precipitation of antipriming pipe 22 landform of destroying by rush of water of releasing; Underground percolation district water side vertical shaft 18 accepted scales 44 observation water side, vadose region water levels, the bottom of underground percolation district water side vertical shaft 18 is shaped on threeway 35 and emptying pipe valve 36, threeway 35 is fixedlyed connected with underground water table regulating box 32 by underground percolation delivery hose 34 with emptying pipe valve 36, and emptying pipe valve 36 is used for the underground water of experiment vadose region in the discharging facade steel framework cell body; Each piezometric tube 55 on the pressure measurement row 54 adopts flexible pipe 57 to fixedly connected with sand thieff hatch 12, is used for measuring the some pressure in underground percolation district, and scale 56 is used for reading each point pressure, in order to calculate underground water table, seepage velocity and infiltration coefficient hydraulic elements; Decide head water supply pipe valve 19 and fixedly connected with outside laboratory high-level tank water system, open and decide head water supply pipe valve 19, supply water for river water level regulating box 24 by feed pipe 23; Be fixedly connected with river course water supply hose 26, flowmeter 27 and valve 28, the flow and the poised stream water level that are used for regulating control and are metered to river cross-section at the bottom of being shaped on the upstream case of first weir divider, 25, the first weir dividers 25 in the middle of the river water level regulating box 24; Be connected with run-down pipe 29 at the bottom of the downstream tank of first weir divider 25, run-down pipe 29 flows into outside laboratory water-break system; Facade dismantled and assembled door-plate 5 in left side fixedly is shaped on first fixed support 31, first fixed support 31 is fixed on the first self-locking rack-and-pinion lifter 30 on the facade steel framework cell body 1, the first self-locking rack-and-pinion lifter 30 is used for regulating the river water level height, and the simulation river water level changes; Handle 53 shakes rocking bar 52 swing pinions and drives river water level regulating box 24 liftings that tooth bar connects, and 50 self-lockings of self-locking ratchet are non-return; When experiment needs to reduce water level, manually removed stop ratchet 51, reversing gear handle 53, river water level regulating box 24 is reduced to needs height of water level, it is non-return to put down detent 51 enforcement self-lockings, reads river water level by river water level scale 43, if early stage, the river course was dry, then the experiment beginning is washed by water to the river course to testing flood stage, so that simulation river course seepage is to influence and the recharge of ground water situation of advance of freshet; If early stage, there was water in the river course, then a few hours or a couple of days wash by water to initial water level to the river course before the experiment beginning, are adjusted to the experiment flood stage again, carry out corresponding Experiment Data Records; Underground percolation district water side vertical shaft 18 is connected with underground water table regulating box 32 with flexible pipe 34 by bottom threeway 35, be provided with second weir divider 33 in the middle of the underground water table regulating box 32, connect water side, vadose region vertical shaft 18 by flexible pipe 34 at the bottom of the upstream case of second weir divider 33, be convenient to stablize underground water table; Connect underground percolation water outlet run-down pipe 39 at the bottom of the downstream tank of second weir divider 33, water in the underground percolation water outlet run-down pipe 39 flows into gravimetric method metering water tank 40, fixedly be shaped on emptied of water pipe valve 41 on the gravimetric method metering water tank 40, gravimetric method metering water tank 40 is placed on the electronic weighbridge 42, time recording underground water table and seepage flow water outlet weight are to obtain water level and the discharge curve of seepage flow; The second self-locking rack-and-pinion lifter 37 is used for regulating the underground water table height, and the simulate formation water level changes, and fixed support 38 is fixed on the second self-locking rack-and-pinion lifter 37 on the facade steel framework cell body 1; The underground water table regulating system is shaken rocking bar 52 swing pinions by handle 53 and is driven underground water table regulating box 32 liftings that tooth bar connects, and the 50 meeting self-lockings of self-locking ratchet are non-return; When experiment needs to reduce water level, manually removed stop ratchet 51, reversing gear handle 53, underground water table regulating box 32 is reduced to needs height of water level, and it is non-return to put down detent 51 enforcement self-lockings, reads underground water table by underground water table scale 44; Deciding head water supply pipe valve 19 fixedlys connected with outside laboratory high-level tank water system, valve 20 and flowmeter 21 be used for regulating control and metering simulation precipitation process along the release water yield of antipriming pipe 22 of journey, control precipitation intensity along the journey antipriming pipe precipitation infiltration simulation system of releasing according to experimental program, implement simulation precipitation process by facade steel framework cell body top open part; When valve 20 Close Alls, illustrate that this river cross-section present position do not have precipitation, river flood and transversal section two dimension underground percolation produce by upland water.
The agent structure of the self-locking rack-and-pinion lifter that present embodiment relates to comprises facade steel framework cell body 1, underground water table regulating box 32, second fixed support 38, fixed support 47, self-locking ratchet 48 and slide rail 49; Fixedly be shaped on fixed support 47 on the facade steel framework cell body 1, the middle part of fixed support 46 is shaped on self-locking ratchet 48, the outside parallel construction of fixed support 47 is shaped on slide rail 49, and place's downside fixedly is shaped on underground water table regulating box 32 by second fixed support 38 in the middle of the slide rail 49; Fixedly be shaped on the self-locking gear ﹠ rack structure by detent 51 on the side surface body of slide rail 49, the self-locking gear ﹠ rack structure cooperates interlock to combine by self-locking ratchet 48, ratchet 50, rocking bar 52 and handle 53, realizes by manually carrying out auto-lock function.
Embodiment 1:
The width of the facade steel framework cell body 1 of present embodiment * highly * thickness=3100mm * 2200mm * 150mm, facade 2 adopts the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate processing of thickness 16mm behind preceding facade 3 and the cell body, the dismantled and assembled door-plate 5 of right side facade 4 and left side facade adopts the steel plate processing of thickness 5mm, facade steel framework adopts 100mm and 80mm square steel to reinforce and forms, steel plate base length * wide * height=3100mm * 450mm * 100mm, all steel members are all brushed rust protection paint and are safeguarded, porous plate 9 adopts the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate processing of thickness 16mm, and porous plate 9 is isolated the wide underground percolation district water side vertical shaft 18 of 100mm with facade steel framework cell body 1; The river cross-section water inlet of facade steel framework cell body 1, the water inlet of precipitation infiltration simulation system and underground percolation rising pipe are all installed Φ 50 valves and are regulated and control water level and flow, river water level regulating box 24 and underground water table regulating box 32 are installed in respectively on the right side facade 4 and the dismantled and assembled door-plate 5 of left side facade of facade steel framework cell body 1, are respectively applied to regulate river course and underground water table; The material of river water level regulating box 24 and underground water table regulating box 32 is poly (methyl methacrylate) plate, length * wide * height=300mm * 150mm * 300mm, weir divider is divided into two parts with water tank, and the dividing plate upper pond level is regulated the long 200mm of casing, the long 100mm of dividing plate downstream Overflow drainage casing; Be connected with fixed support between tooth bar lifter and the facade steel framework cell body 1, be connected with fixed support equally between water level regulating box and the tooth bar lifter; Self-locking rack-and-pinion elevator system is by water level amplitude of accommodation 500mm, precision 2mm and 1800mm, precision 5mm requirement, by machine works's customization processing.The precipitation infiltration simulation system adopt Φ 50 along the journey antipriming pipe of releasing, be fixed on the upper end of facade steel framework cell body, evenly spray " rainwater " of varying strength during experiment in the cell body, so that simulation precipitation process.Underground percolation district water outlet gravimetric method metering water tank is the cube of 600mm, is made electronic weighbridge range 250kg by the PE plate.
The underground percolation district sand filler of present embodiment picks up from riverbed, river, Dagu, Qingdao, before filling in the facade steel framework cell body, the characteristics such as grading curve of look-ahead analysis sand, the sand filling surface pushes up 400mm apart from groove, and the river course adopts the trapezoidal transverse face, half bottom width 500mm, the river bed identity distance pushes up 600mm from groove, and the river levee compacting is firm, the wide 150mm of levee crown, the levee crown identity distance pushes up 100mm from groove, and the slope coefficient of river levee both sides is 1.5; To same group of underground filler and river type, select 3-5 river width to adjust the penetration fact size, make 2 pressure measurement rows that formed by 12 glass tubes by oneself, be fixed in facade behind the cell body, flexible pipe is connected to the pressure tap that gridding method is layouted on the facade before the cell body; The humidification of will drenching with rain behind the sand filler end-of-fill carries out underground water table and regulates, treat that filler is stablized a couple of days after, the thieff hatch that gridding method is layouted on the facade before cell body is taked the sandy soil sample, carries out index determinings such as packing, porosity, water percentage; After experiment is all ready, carry out the river course two-dimentional underground percolation dynamic test of washing by water.
Claims (2)
1. a river channel cross section descends wandering water Experiments of Machanics device two-dimensionally, it is characterized in that agent structure comprises facade steel framework cell body, facade behind the cell body, preceding facade, the right side facade, the dismantled and assembled door-plate of left side facade, sole plate, bottom panel, set bolt, porous plate, the framework girder steel, the framework steel column, the sand thieff hatch, phreatic line, the river course, river levee, the river water level line, the outer ground of river levee, underground percolation district water side vertical shaft, decide head water supply pipe valve, valve, flowmeter, along the journey antipriming pipe of releasing, feed pipe, the river water level regulating box, first weir divider, the river course water supply hose, flowmeter, valve, run-down pipe, the first self-locking rack-and-pinion lifter, first fixed support, the underground water table regulating box, second weir divider, the underground percolation delivery hose, threeway, the emptying pipe valve, the second self-locking rack-and-pinion lifter, second fixed support, underground percolation water outlet run-down pipe, gravimetric method metering water tank, the draining pipe valve, electronic weighbridge, the river water level scale, underground water level of drilled shaft scale, the underground percolation district, aeration zone, fixed support, the self-locking ratchet, slide rail, ratchet, detent, rocking bar, handle, pressure measurement row, piezometric tube, scale and flexible pipe; Facade steel framework cell body top is hatch frame, and facade and preceding facade are processed into by poly (methyl methacrylate) plate behind the cell body, observes sand pervious bed and phreatic line during experiment; Right side facade and the dismantled and assembled door-plate of left side facade are processed into by steel plate, and facade dismantled and assembled door-plate in left side is center, river course symmetry vertical plane as the door that cell body goes out sand; The sole plate of facade steel framework cell body bottom is processed into by square steel, and the bottom panel on the sole plate is processed into by steel plate, the fastening left side of set bolt facade dismounting door-plate and sole plate; The upper and lower end of the framework steel column of the forward and backward both sides of facade steel framework cell body adopts the crossbeam welding to form the circle body force structure, prevent that unbalance stress from causing facade steel boom well body deformability and cracking, it is stressed that welding forms steel framework integral body between each framework girder steel of the forward and backward both sides of facade steel framework cell body and each the circle body structure, uses waterproof strong glue or the leakproof of adhesive tape adhering and sealing behind the bottom surface of facade steel framework cell body, the cell body between facade, preceding facade and each facade of right side facade respectively; Porous plate adopts permeable dividing plate, and underground percolation district and water side vertical shaft are separated, and the left side of porous plate covers one deck or two layers of burlap sheet, prevents sand running-down; The method that adopts gridding method to layout at interval on the preceding facade evenly distributes and is shaped on the sand thieff hatch, and the sand thieff hatch is used for the sand of sampling, and is convenient to measure the character of sand in the stratum, and the plug sealing is installed; Phreatic line is a performance graph, the SEA LEVEL VARIATION in reflection underground percolation district, and the below of phreatic line is the underground percolation district, the top of phreatic line is aeration zone; Be filled with the sand filler in the facade steel framework cell body; The river course is half of single entry or compound cross-section, covers one deck or two layers of burlap sheet on the river course, prevents into the water landform of destroying by rush of water, or makes permeable fixed bed; River levee is clay compacting body, and levee crown and side slope are done protective treatment, and the protection river levee is not destroyed by rush of water; The river water level line is a performance graph, the variation of reflection river flood position; The top layer on the outer ground of river levee covers one deck or two layers of burlap sheet, prevents along the journey precipitation of the antipriming pipe landform of destroying by rush of water of releasing; Vertical shaft accepted scale observation water side, vadose region, water side, underground percolation district water level, the bottom of underground percolation district water side vertical shaft is shaped on threeway and emptying pipe valve, threeway is fixedlyed connected with the underground water table regulating box by the underground percolation delivery hose with the emptying pipe valve, and the emptying pipe valve is used for the underground water of experiment vadose region in the discharging facade steel framework cell body; Each piezometric tube on the pressure measurement row adopts flexible pipe to fixedly connected with the sand thieff hatch, is used for measuring the some pressure in underground percolation district, and scale is used for reading each point pressure, in order to calculate underground water table, seepage velocity and infiltration coefficient hydraulic elements; Decide head water supply pipe valve and fixedly connected with outside laboratory high-level tank water system, open and decide head water supply pipe valve, supply water for the river water level regulating box by feed pipe; Be shaped on first weir divider in the middle of the river water level regulating box, be fixedly connected with river course water supply hose, flowmeter and valve at the bottom of the upstream case of first weir divider, the flow and the poised stream water level that are used for regulating control and are metered to river cross-section; Be connected with run-down pipe at the bottom of the downstream tank of first weir divider, run-down pipe flows into outside laboratory water-break system; Facade dismantled and assembled door-plate in left side fixedly is shaped on first fixed support, first fixed support is fixed on the first self-locking rack-and-pinion lifter on the facade steel framework cell body, the first self-locking rack-and-pinion lifter is used for regulating the river water level height, and the simulation river water level changes; Handle shakes the rocking bar swing pinion and drives the river water level regulating box lifting that tooth bar connects, and the self-locking of self-locking ratchet is non-return; When experiment needs to reduce water level, manually removed the stop ratchet, the reversing gear handle, the river water level regulating box is reduced to needs height of water level, it is non-return to put down detent enforcement self-locking, reads river water level by the river water level scale, if early stage, the river course was dry, then the experiment beginning is washed by water to the river course to testing flood stage, so that simulation river course seepage is to influence and the recharge of ground water situation of advance of freshet; If early stage, there was water in the river course, then a few hours or a couple of days wash by water to initial water level to the river course before the experiment beginning, are adjusted to the experiment flood stage again, carry out corresponding Experiment Data Records; Underground percolation district water side vertical shaft is connected with the underground water table regulating box with flexible pipe by the bottom threeway, be provided with second weir divider in the middle of the underground water table regulating box, connect water side, vadose region vertical shaft by flexible pipe at the bottom of the upstream case of second weir divider, be convenient to stablize underground water table; Connect underground percolation water outlet run-down pipe at the bottom of the downstream tank of second weir divider, water in the underground percolation water outlet run-down pipe flows into gravimetric method metering water tank, fixedly be shaped on the emptied of water pipe valve on the gravimetric method metering water tank, gravimetric method metering water tank is placed on the electronic weighbridge, time recording underground water table and seepage flow water outlet weight are to obtain water level and the discharge curve of seepage flow; The second self-locking rack-and-pinion lifter is used for regulating the underground water table height, and the simulate formation water level changes, and fixed support is fixed on the second self-locking rack-and-pinion lifter on the facade steel framework cell body; Handle shakes the rocking bar swing pinion and drives the underground water table regulating box lifting that tooth bar connects, and self-locking ratchet meeting self-locking is non-return; When experiment needs to reduce water level, manually removed the stop ratchet, the reversing gear handle, the underground water table regulating box is reduced to needs height of water level, and it is non-return to put down detent enforcement self-locking, reads underground water table by the underground water table scale; Deciding head water supply pipe valve fixedlys connected with outside laboratory high-level tank water system, valve and flowmeter be used for to regulate control and metering simulation precipitation process along the release water yield of antipriming pipe of journey, control precipitation intensity along the journey antipriming pipe precipitation infiltration simulation system of releasing according to experimental program, implement simulation precipitation process by facade steel framework cell body top open part; When the valve Close All, illustrate that this river cross-section present position do not have precipitation, river flood and transversal section two dimension underground percolation produce by upland water.
2. river channel cross section according to claim 1 descends wandering water Experiments of Machanics device two-dimensionally, it is characterized in that the agent structure of the self-locking rack-and-pinion lifter that relates to comprises facade steel framework cell body, underground water table regulating box, second fixed support, fixed support, self-locking ratchet and slide rail; Fixedly be shaped on fixed support on the facade steel framework cell body, support bracket fastened middle part is shaped on the self-locking ratchet, and support bracket fastened outside parallel construction is shaped on slide rail, and place's downside fixedly is shaped on the underground water table regulating box by second fixed support in the middle of the slide rail; Fixedly be shaped on the self-locking gear ﹠ rack structure by detent on the side surface body of slide rail, the self-locking gear ﹠ rack structure cooperates interlock to combine by self-locking ratchet, ratchet, rocking bar and handle, realizes by manually carrying out auto-lock function.
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