CN107036954B - Simulation device for seepage flow of stilling pool model test - Google Patents
Simulation device for seepage flow of stilling pool model test Download PDFInfo
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- CN107036954B CN107036954B CN201710252221.1A CN201710252221A CN107036954B CN 107036954 B CN107036954 B CN 107036954B CN 201710252221 A CN201710252221 A CN 201710252221A CN 107036954 B CN107036954 B CN 107036954B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 198
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation device for seepage of a stilling pool model test, which consists of a device body; the device body comprises a support vertical rod with a water level graduated scale, and a first cross beam is arranged at the upper part of the support vertical rod; the two sides of the first cross beam are respectively connected with an upstream water supplementing cylinder and a downstream water supplementing cylinder through pulley mechanisms, and a second cross beam with a valve control mechanism is arranged in the middle of the supporting vertical rod; the pulley mechanism is connected with the top of the supporting vertical rod through a fixing frame; the upstream water supplementing cylinder and the downstream water supplementing cylinder form a water supply cavity and a water discarding cavity through respective baffles; the bottom of each water supply cavity is provided with a water inlet hole and a water supplementing hole; the bottom of each water discarding cavity is provided with a water discharging hole, and the valve control mechanism comprises an upstream control valve, a downstream control valve and a water discharging control valve; the device can effectively simulate the seepage condition of the bottom plate of the stilling pool.
Description
Technical Field
The invention is mainly suitable for the measurement technology in hydraulic engineering model tests, and particularly relates to a simulation device for seepage of a stilling pool model test.
Background
The dam is built up to the water level of the reservoir, stable seepage can be formed on the dam body and the dam foundation, adverse load is generated on the bottom plate block of the stilling pool, and the anti-floating stability of the independent plate block is a control condition of the design of the bottom plate of the stilling pool. The model test research is an indispensable link of hydraulic engineering design, but the traditional stilling pool model test still lacks effective simulation of seepage because of the complex seepage condition. At present, the seepage measurement for the bottom plate of the stilling pool is mainly concentrated in the field of prototype observation, and the main method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (5) measuring the pressure of the pipe. And arranging a drilling type piezometer tube and a U-shaped piezometer tube on the bottom plate of the plunge pool to measure the osmotic pressure, and monitoring the seepage by utilizing a drain hole. Along with the ascending and descending of the water level at the upstream and the downstream of different time periods, the seepage pressure can be obtained by comparing the measured value of the water level of the pressure measuring pipe and the water level of the U-shaped pressure measuring pipe at each stage with the corresponding downstream water level while monitoring the basic seepage flow of the digestion pond. The cost is relatively low, and the method is simple and easy to implement.
(2) Osmometer. The osmometer consists of a pressure measuring pipe, three pipes connected to the pressure measuring pipe, an osmometer, a pressure gauge, a sealing head for sealing and the like. The traditional osmometer has high requirements on the sealing process, and the traditional osmometer is easy to loosen and deform by means of a fixed cable to change the elevation of the osmometer, so that the accuracy of data is affected. The cable of the pressure measuring pipe is not convenient to correct and adjust in the dam body on-site environment, and the pressure measuring pipe can be replaced entirely, so that time and labor are wasted, and economic waste is caused.
In summary, the traditional pressure measuring pipe method and the current osmometer method are established under the condition that the prototype seepage channel is naturally established, and because the hydraulic model test is only aimed at the simulation of the body type of the flood discharge building, the adopted hydraulic model test is made of waterproof materials and can not naturally form seepage, and therefore, the method is not suitable for being applied to the hydraulic engineering model test. Therefore, combining the limitation of the model test on seepage simulation, it is particularly important to design a seepage simulation device which is convenient to install, simple to operate, economical and practical.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a simulation device for seepage of a stilling pool model test, which aims at the inapplicability of the current seepage simulation method to the field of hydraulic engineering model test. The device can effectually solve above-mentioned problem, and its design, preparation degree of difficulty are lower, and easy operation is convenient, can effectively simulate the seepage flow condition of stilling pool bottom plate.
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a simulation device for seepage of a stilling pool model test is composed of a device body; the device body comprises a support vertical rod with a water level graduated scale, and a first cross beam is arranged at the upper part of the support vertical rod; the two sides of the first cross beam are respectively connected with an upstream water supplementing cylinder and a downstream water supplementing cylinder through a pulley mechanism, and a second cross beam with a valve control mechanism is arranged in the middle of the supporting vertical rod; the pulley mechanism is connected with the top of the supporting vertical rod through a fixing frame; the upstream water supplementing cylinder and the downstream water supplementing cylinder form a water supply cavity and a water discarding cavity through respective baffle plates; the bottom of each water supply cavity is provided with a water inlet hole and a water supplementing hole; the bottom of each water discarding cavity is provided with a water discharging hole, and the valve control mechanism comprises an upstream control valve, a downstream control valve and a water discharging control valve; the input end of the water discharge control valve is connected with a water pump, and the output end of the water discharge control valve is respectively connected with the input ends of the upstream control valve and the downstream control valve.
The input end of the upstream control valve is connected with the water inlet of the upstream water supplementing cylinder, and the water supplementing hole of the upstream water supplementing cylinder is connected with the upstream seepage groove in the stilling pool model; the input end of the downstream control valve is connected with the water inlet of the downstream water supplementing cylinder, and the water supplementing hole of the downstream water supplementing cylinder is connected with the downstream seepage groove in the stilling pool model.
The water disposal cavity is provided with a water level graduated scale on the outer side.
Advantageous effects
The seepage simulation device for the stilling pool model test provided by the invention can provide stable seepage for the stilling pool through three times of adjustment of incoming flow and control of the vertical baffle plate on water level, and can obtain seepage flow through twice timing measurement of water quantity by the measuring cylinder, thereby being convenient and quick and capable of being repeatedly utilized. The invention has clear principle, simple structure, easy processing and manufacturing, lower cost and good applicability in the aspect of hydraulics test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simulation device for seepage in a stilling pool model test;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a water replenishing cylinder in a simulation device for seepage in a stilling pool model test;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the seepage simulation of the bottom plate of the stilling pool in the invention.
Reference numerals
1-a support vertical rod 11-a water level scale 12-a first beam 13-a second beam
2-pulley mechanism (3, 4) -upstream water replenishing cylinder (31, 41) -baffle plate (32, 42) -water supplying cavity
(33, 43) -water discarding cavity (321, 421) -water inlet hole (322, 422) -water supplementing hole
(331, 431) -drain hole (332, 432) -water level scale 5-valve control mechanism
51- -upstream control valve 52- -downstream control valve 53- -discharge control valve
6- -suction pump 7- -absorption pond model 71- -upstream seepage groove 72- -downstream seepage groove 8- -reservoir
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2; the invention provides a simulation device for seepage of a stilling pool model test, which consists of a device body; the device body comprises a support vertical rod 1 with a water level graduated scale 11, and a first cross beam 12 is arranged at the upper part of the support vertical rod 1; two sides of the first cross beam 12 are respectively connected with the upstream water supplementing cylinder 3 and the downstream water supplementing cylinder 4 through pulley mechanisms 2, and a second cross beam 13 with a valve control mechanism 5 is arranged in the middle of the supporting vertical rod 1; the pulley mechanism 2 is connected with the top 1 of the supporting vertical rod through a fixing frame 21. As shown in fig. 2, the upstream water replenishing cylinder 3 and the downstream water replenishing cylinder 4 form a water supply chamber (32, 42) and a water discarding chamber (33, 43) through respective baffles (31, 41), respectively; the bottom of each water supply cavity is provided with a water inlet hole (321, 421) and a water supplementing hole (322, 422); the bottom of each water discarding cavity (33, 43) is provided with a water discharging hole (331, 431). The outer side of the water discarding cavity (33, 43) is provided with a water level graduated scale (332, 432). The valve control mechanism 5 includes an upstream control valve 51, a downstream control valve 52 and a drain control valve 53; one end of the water discharge control valve 53 is connected with a water pump 6, and the output ends thereof are respectively connected with the input ends of the upstream control valve 51 and the downstream control valve 52. The input end of the upstream control valve 51 is connected with the water inlet 321 of the upstream water replenishing cylinder 3, and the water replenishing hole 322 of the upstream water replenishing cylinder 3 is connected with the upstream seepage groove 71 in the stilling pool model 7; the input end of the downstream control valve 52 is connected with the water inlet 421 of the downstream water replenishing cylinder 4, and the water replenishing hole 422 of the downstream water replenishing cylinder 4 is connected with the downstream seepage groove 72 in the stilling pool model 7.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the support vertical rod 1 in the invention is a steel frame structure fixed on the ground, the water level scale 11 is fixed on the support steel frame vertical rod 1, and the specific height of the water replenishing cylinders (3, 4) can be adjusted by combining the 1 pulley mechanism system 2 (comprising fixed pulleys, steel wire ropes and adjusting devices) for obtaining different upstream and downstream seepage water levels and water level differences. The valve control mechanism 5 is divided into an upstream control valve 51, a downstream control valve 52 and a water discharge control valve 53, the incoming flow of the water supply pump is constant, the incoming flow can be subjected to primary diversion by adjusting the water discharge valve 53, so that different flows entering the whole osmotic pressure control device are obtained, and the incoming flow is subjected to secondary diversion by the upstream control valve 51 and the downstream control valve 52, so that different incoming flows are respectively obtained from the upstream and the downstream. The water replenishing cylinder is divided into an upstream water replenishing cylinder 3 and a downstream water replenishing cylinder 4, the structures are the same, the water replenishing cylinder is made of organic glass, the water replenishing cylinder is of a cuboid structure, an upper opening is opened, hanging rings are arranged on two sides of the water replenishing cylinder and connected with a steel wire rope, vertical baffle plates (31, 41) which are slightly lower than side walls are arranged in the water replenishing cylinders (3, 4), the water replenishing cylinders are divided into two spaces with the lower portions not communicated, the two spaces are respectively defined as a water supplying cavity (32, 42) and a water discarding cavity (33, 43), water inlet holes (321, 421) and water replenishing holes (322, 422) are formed in the bottoms of the water supplying cavities (32, 42), and water discharging holes (331, 431) are formed in the bottoms of the water discarding cavities (33, 43). Water flows enter the water supply side of the water supplementing cylinders (3, 4) through the water inlet holes (321, 421) by the connecting pipelines, automatically flows into the water discarding cylinders when the water level exceeds the top of the baffle plates (31, 41), and can obtain corresponding seepage water levels by adjusting the top positions of different baffle plates (31, 41), and the water supplementing holes (322, 422) are used for supplementing seepage to the stilling ponds. The outer wall of the water discarding cavity (33, 43) is provided with a scale, and the water discharging hole (331, 431) is connected with the measuring cylinder through a connecting pipeline to discharge the discarded water. The connecting pipeline system is composed of plastic pipes for connecting the parts. The measuring cylinder is used for measuring the water quantity discharged by the water outlet of the water discarding cylinder. As shown in fig. 3, the absorption basin model 7 includes an upstream seepage groove 71 and a downstream seepage groove 72, which are rectangular grooves under the bottom plate in the absorption basin model 7, and are used for forming seepage fields under the bottom plate. The water supply system comprises the reservoir 8 and the water suction pump 6, wherein the reservoir 8 is required to have a stable water level and a certain area so as to prevent the water suction pump from generating large vortex and fluctuation when pumping water, and the reservoir in the general model test can be used as an osmotic pressure reservoir in view of meeting the conditions.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in practice, the support steel frame 1 is provided with an upper beam and a middle beam (12, 13), the upper beam is used for suspending the water replenishing cylinders 3,4, and is connected through the fixed pulley 5, so that the required upstream and downstream water level difference can be conveniently adjusted, the middle beam 13 is used for fixing the control valve (51, 52, 53), thereby adjusting the flow of the water inlet entering the upstream and downstream water replenishing cylinders (3, 4), and the support steel frame vertical rod 1 is provided with a water level scale 11 with the measuring range of 0-2.5 m and zero point being flush with the bottom plate of the stilling pool, so as to control the upstream and downstream osmotic water level. The upstream and downstream water supplementing cylinders 3 and 4 have the same structure and are all made of organic glass plates with the thickness of 8mm, the length of the bottom of the water supplementing cylinder is designed to be 13cm, the width is 12cm, and the height is 50cm. The inside of the water-supply cavity is divided into a water-supply cavity (32, 42) (13 cm multiplied by 6.4 cm) and a water-discarding cavity (33, 43) (13 cm multiplied by 4.8 cm) by a vertical baffle plate (31, 41) with the height of 40cm, a water inlet hole (321, 421) at the lower part of the water-supply cavity (32, 42) is connected with a valve (51, 52) through a plastic pipe, a water-supplementing hole (322, 422) is connected with a seepage groove 71, 72 through a plastic pipe, a graduated scale (332, 432) with the measuring range of 0-20 cm and the zero point being flush with the bottom end of the water-discarding cavity is stuck on the outer wall at one side of the water-discarding cavity (33, 43), and a water-draining hole (331, 431) at the lower part is connected with a measuring cylinder through a plastic pipe.
When the seepage simulation device is used, firstly, according to the upstream and downstream seepage pressure water level H which is preset 1 And H 2 The vertical baffles (31, 41) in the upstream and downstream water replenishing cylinders (3, 4) are adjusted to the corresponding heights through the pulley mechanism 2, and then the water quantity entering the water replenishing cylinders (3, 4) is adjusted through the valve control mechanism 5. Then under the condition that the positions of the water replenishing cylinders (3, 4) are unchanged and the opening of the control valve 5 is fixed, the water level h of the water discarding cavity (33, 43) when the water replenishing holes (322, 422) are closed and opened in the fixed time period T is measured respectively 1 And h 2 Waste water volume V 1 And V 2 The seepage pressure and flow entering the bottom plate of the stilling pool can be accurately simulated and measured. The water supplementing holes (322, 422) close the measured V 1 Namely, the total water flow quantity V of the water entering the water replenishing cylinders (3, 4) when the water replenishing holes (322, 422) are opened to replenish seepage to the bottom plate of the stilling pool model 7 1 And is divided into water supplementing hole outlet flow V and water discharging hole outlet flow V 2 Water discarding cavityDifference in internal Water weights (h 2 -h 1 ) A, wherein a is the cross-sectional area of the water-discarding cavity. From this, two important parameters of the osmotic pressure simulation of the stilling pool model test, namely the osmotic pressure water head H and the osmotic flow Q, can be obtained:
H＝H 1 -H 2
Q＝[V 1 -V 2 -(h 2 -h 1 )*A]/T
the seepage simulation device for the stilling pool model test comprises the following steps:
(1) the heights of the upstream water replenishing cylinder 3 and the downstream water replenishing cylinder 4 are regulated by the fixed pulley 5, so that the top ends of the baffles (31, 41) are positioned at the established upstream and downstream permeation water levels H 1 ＝2m、H 2 ＝1m；
(2) The water supplementing holes (322, 422) are closed, the water discharging holes (331, 431) are fully opened, the water suction pump 6 is opened, the control valves 51-53 are adjusted to ensure that the water flow in the water supply cavities (32, 42) is stable, the water level of the water discarding cavities (33, 43) is unchanged, and then all the control valves 51-53 are not adjusted any more and are kept motionless;
(3) after the water flow is stable for a period of time, the water level h of the water discarding cavity (33, 43) is recorded 1 2.6cm and time t=3 min, the volume of water discarded V in the water discarded cavity during the measuring period of the measuring cylinder 1 ＝23.267L；
(4) The water supplementing holes (322, 422) are opened, the control valves 51-53 are still unchanged, and after the water flow is stable for a period of time, the water level h of the water discarding cavity is recorded 2 1.6cm and again time t=3 min, measure the water reject V of the water reject cavity in the time period with the cartridge 2 = 3.775L. Thus, the measurement is completed.
To sum up, the upstream and downstream permeate water levels H 1 ＝2m、H 2 Water flow amount V of water replenishing barrel of =1m 1 23.267L drain outlet flow V 2 3.775L, water level height h of water-discarding cavity 1 ＝2.6cm、h 2 Cross-sectional area of the reject cartridge a=13 cm×4.8cm=62.4 cm =1.6 cm 2 The fixed period t=3 min. According to the technical scheme, the osmotic pressure water level difference H and the osmotic flow Q are as follows:
H＝H 1 -H 2 ＝2-1＝1m
Q＝[V 1 -V 2 -(h 2 -h 1 )*A]/T＝[23.267-3.775-(1.6-2.6)×62.4/1000]/3＝6.518L/min
the above-described embodiments are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting, and many variations may be made therein by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims, which are to be accorded the full scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A simulation device for seepage of a stilling pool model test is composed of a device body; the device is characterized in that the device body comprises a support vertical rod with a water level graduated scale, and a first cross beam is arranged at the upper part of the support vertical rod; the two sides of the first cross beam are respectively connected with an upstream water supplementing cylinder and a downstream water supplementing cylinder through pulley mechanisms, and a second cross beam with a valve control mechanism is arranged in the middle of the supporting vertical rod; the pulley mechanism is connected with the top of the supporting vertical rod through a fixing frame; the upstream water supplementing cylinder and the downstream water supplementing cylinder form a water supply cavity and a water discarding cavity through respective baffles; the bottom of each water supply cavity is provided with a water inlet hole and a water supplementing hole; the bottom of each water discarding cavity is provided with a water discharging hole, and the valve control mechanism comprises an upstream control valve, a downstream control valve and a water discharging control valve; the input end of the water discharge control valve is connected with a water pump, and the output end of the water discharge control valve is respectively connected with the input ends of the upstream control valve and the downstream control valve.
2. The simulation device for seepage test of a stilling pool model according to claim 1, wherein the input end of the upstream control valve is connected with the water inlet hole of the upstream water supplementing cylinder, and the water supplementing hole of the upstream water supplementing cylinder is connected with an upstream seepage groove in the stilling pool model; the input end of the downstream control valve is connected with the water inlet of the downstream water supplementing cylinder, and the water supplementing hole of the downstream water supplementing cylinder is connected with the downstream seepage groove in the stilling pool model.
3. The simulation device for seepage test of a stilling pool model according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a water level graduated scale is arranged on the outer side of the water disposal cavity.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101763765A (en) * | 2010-02-04 | 2010-06-30 | 成都理工大学 | Simulated experiment device of infiltration and seepage |
| CN102635087A (en) * | 2012-02-26 | 2012-08-15 | 长安大学 | River infiltration simulating device |
| CN103344538A (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2013-10-09 | 西安科技大学 | Multifunctional unsaturated soil permeameter and testing method thereof |
| CN207036625U (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-02-23 | 天津大学 | A kind of analogue means for stilling pond model test seepage flow |
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| US10570578B2 (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2020-02-25 | Colorado School Of Mines | Biohydrochemical enhancement structure for stream-water treatment |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101763765A (en) * | 2010-02-04 | 2010-06-30 | 成都理工大学 | Simulated experiment device of infiltration and seepage |
| CN102635087A (en) * | 2012-02-26 | 2012-08-15 | 长安大学 | River infiltration simulating device |
| CN103344538A (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2013-10-09 | 西安科技大学 | Multifunctional unsaturated soil permeameter and testing method thereof |
| CN207036625U (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-02-23 | 天津大学 | A kind of analogue means for stilling pond model test seepage flow |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 万五一,练继建,崔广涛.分段低压输水管系的水力振荡特性.水利学报.(第12期),36-41. * |
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