CN100583188C - Geological environment simulating experiment device - Google Patents
Geological environment simulating experiment device Download PDFInfo
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- CN100583188C CN100583188C CN200710049869A CN200710049869A CN100583188C CN 100583188 C CN100583188 C CN 100583188C CN 200710049869 A CN200710049869 A CN 200710049869A CN 200710049869 A CN200710049869 A CN 200710049869A CN 100583188 C CN100583188 C CN 100583188C
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Abstract
The invention provides a geologic environment simulation experiment device, which comprises a machine stand, a water storage tank, a simulation case with its lower reach end hinged with the machine stand, a rainfall case installed at the top of the machine stand, a geologic body simulation cavity in the simulation case, a water supply cavity and a water discharge cavity that are respectively positioned at the upper and lower reach ends of the geologic simulation cavity and are communicated to the geologic body simulation case, a conatant head water level overflow case and a discharge overflow case that are respectively positioned at the external side end of the upper and lower reaches of the simulation case, a conatant head overflow cavity that are respectively communicated to the water storage tank and the water supply cavity via a pipeline and a conatant head overflow backwater cavity that is communicated to the water storage tank via an overflow backwater pipe are positioned in the conatant head water level overflow case; at least three groups of piezometer are mounted vertically on the wall of the simulation cavity; one end of a piezometer hose that is communicated to the bottom of the piezometer passes the a simulation wall and extends into the simulation cavity. Therefore, the invention is able to simulate the formation and control of geologic disaster as well as the rules for the motion of groundwater.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention is relevant with geological environment simulating experiment device.
Background technology:
In research side slope or geologic body during stable and ground water movement rule, often adopt mathematical method, its prerequisite is that geologic body has been done to find the solution under a series of generalization and the restrictive condition, if these generalization and restrictive condition still can reflect the principal character of plastid practically, to separate be available to mathematical analysis so.
But to plastid practically, if its nonuniformity, anisotropy and complicated boundary geometry do not allow to do too much generalization, so, mathematical method just is difficult to use, and mathematical method is more abstract, than indigestibility.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is in order to overcome above deficiency, provide a kind of and simulate the formation of geologic hazard and the control of geologic hazard and the physical model of the simulated groundwater characteristics of motion, i.e. geological environment simulating experiment device.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Geological environment simulating experiment device of the present invention, comprise frame, the reserve tank that water pump is arranged, downstream end and frame are hinged and be subjected to power source to drive the simulation box that rotates around hinge by gear train, the rainfall case in rainfall hole is arranged at the bottom that is contained in the frame top, geologic body simulation chamber is arranged in the simulation box, be positioned at the water supply chamber that permeable mesh plate is communicated with the geologic modelling chamber of passing through of geologic body simulation chamber upstream extremity, be positioned at the drain chamber that permeable mesh plate is communicated with the geologic modelling chamber of passing through of geologic modelling chamber downstream end, being positioned at simulation box upstream outboard end has the water level governor motion on the frame of being contained in to regulate liter, that falls height decides head water level spill box, being positioned at simulation box downstream outboard end has the discharge level governor motion on the frame of being contained in to regulate liter, the draining spill box of height falls, decide to have in the head water level spill box by pipeline respectively with reserve tank in water pump, what the water supply chamber was communicated with decides the head spill cavity and overflows back water cavity by the head of deciding that overflow returning pipe communicates with reserve tank, draining spill cavity that communicates with drain chamber by pipeline and the draining backwater cavity that communicates with reserve tank by run-down pipe are arranged in the draining spill box, at least three group piezometric tube vertically are contained on the sidewall of simulation chamber, an end of the pressure measurement flexible pipe that is communicated with the piezometric tube bottom passes simulation chamber sidewall and stretches in the simulation chamber water pump employing low noise respectively, low vibrations, corrosion protection constant flow pump.
Above-mentioned piezometric tube is ten groups, spaced set is on the wall of simulation chamber, every group of piezometric tube is three, the other end of three pressure measurement flexible pipes that are communicated with every group of piezometric tube bottom pass respectively the same vertical plane of simulation chamber sidewall on, in, bottom water level check point, can measure the water level on 10 sections of geologic body, each section can be measured the water level value of top, middle part and bottom.
On the above-mentioned pressure measurement flexible pipe three-way connection is housed, in addition two ends of three-way connection are connected with piezometric tube lower end and water gathering tube respectively, adopt taps and are contained on the frame and are communicated with water gathering tube, can in time take water sample as required or regulate and control water level on the plastid section correspondingly.
Bearing on the frame of being contained in is arranged respectively in above-mentioned water level governor motion, the discharge level governor motion, the support of band upright slide rail, pedestal mounted rotating shaft, ratchet is contained in the rotating shaft, the ratchet that cooperates with ratchet is contained on the support, fixed pulley is equipped with on the top of support, deciding has the slideway that cooperates with slide rail respectively on head water level spill box, the draining spill box, an end of the stay cord in the rotating shaft be fixed in the rotating shaft and the other end walk around a top of the trellis fixed pulley and with decide head water level spill box or draining spill box top is connected.
Have in the above-mentioned reserve tank for the rainwater water pump, the rainfall case is by being communicated with confession rainwater water pump in the reserve tank for the rainwater water pipe, differing heights is distributed with rainwater position limiting holes on the rainfall case sidewall, the rainwater position limiter tube that the band gauge tap that is attached thereto is arranged on each rainwater position limiting holes, rainwater position limiter tube communicates with reserve tank, thereby the water layer height in the may command rainfall case is regulated rainfall intensity.
Above-mentioned gear train is the hydraulic gear that hydraulic fluid tank drives, the piston cylinder that the bearing that comprises and fix on the ground is hinged, one end stretches into the piston rod in the piston cylinder, is hinged with free bearing on the other end of piston rod, and free bearing is contained in simulation box bottom hinge and supports upward and can rotate.
Above-mentioned simulation box adopts transparent material to make, and is convenient to the structure and the deformation displacement feature of observation place plastid.
Above-mentioned simulation box around the hinge angle of rotation between 0 °～45 °.
Available as required different rock association is simulated various geologic bodies in the geologic modelling chamber among the present invention.
The water supply chamber is positioned at the upstream extremity in geologic body simulation chamber, water supply chamber one side by permeable mesh plate with simulate geologic body and be communicated with, the assurance experimental water can be fast, supply geologic body equably, permeable mesh plate can be the layering assembly type.
Decide head spill box water level governor motion and be positioned at the simulation box upstream outside, and can upper and lower adjustings height, with satisfy test in different head requirements.Water supply chamber in the spill box links to each other with the water supply chamber by pipeline and forms the unified hydrodynamic(al) field of force and join by water pump in another pipeline and the reserve tank.Decide head and overflow back water cavity and join by pipeline and reserve tank, unnecessary experiment water overflow is returned by recovery tank.Reserve tank is decided head spill box, water level governor motion etc. and is formed practical water supply system, by this system, can obtain the stationary flow of different heads, to satisfy the experiment needs.
Drain chamber is positioned at the downstream end in geologic body simulation chamber, is communicated with the simulation geologic body by permeable mesh plate, and the underground water of the simulation geologic body of flowing through can enter drain chamber by mesh plate equably.The draining spill box of fixed level is positioned at the outside, downstream, the draining spill cavity of simulation box by the discharge level governor motion.Be communicated with discharge casing by pipeline and form the unified hydrodynamic(al) field of force, the draining backwater cavity returns reserve tank by will the flow through underground water of simulation geologic body of pipeline, also can introduce container and measure its seepage flow or link low water head high-precision flow instrumentation seepage flow.The draining spill box by the discharge level governor motion can be upper and lower the adjusting height, to satisfy stable drainage water level in the experiment.When the simulation geologic body was the interchannel plot, supply tank and discharge casing were equivalent to the simulation river of both sides again.
The draining spill box of drain chamber, fixed level, discharge level governor motion, connecting line etc. have been formed draining, flow measuring system.
The supply and drain water system that the voltage stabilizing of reserve tank, water pump, closed cycle formula is given, discharge pipe line, the liftable confession of deciding head, draining supply channel etc. have been formed closed cycle.Can make the simulation geologic body obtain the stable experimental water of different heads (comprising the rainfall water), experimental water is back to reserve tank through water return pipeline.By this system, experimental water can be recycled, do not need peripheral hardware to supply water and pumping equipment, make apparatus structure tightly rapid, take up an area of and lack, be convenient to move, and can save and build high-order water tower and for civil engineering costs and a large amount of experimental water of, pumping equipment, instrument cost and operating cost are fallen at the end greatly, and this systematic water level lift can reach 3 meters, and flow is 2L/s.
Between model and each physical quantity of nature geology entity certain proportionate relationship must be arranged.This proportionate relationship is restricted by following four conditions.
1, geometric similarity
All length element should be proportional in model and the nature geology entity.
If with a
1Expression length ratio coefficient then has
L wherein
N, B
N, M
NLength, width and the thickness of expression nature geology entity, L
M, B
M, H
MThe length of representation model, width and thickness are if the geologic body of simulation contains underground water, H then
NBe natural seepage flow head, H
MHead for model.
Satisfy the model of formula (1), will keep geometric similarity with nature geology entity.
If the heterogeneous body of simulation, except the geometric configuration of geology entity was similar, the geometric configuration of each layer (or phacoid) was also similar.
If simulation is that the geology entity that infiltrates supply or evaporation consumption is arranged, except that satisfying above-mentioned requirements, also must consider to infiltrate intensity and evaporation capacity ratio.
2: the boundary condition unanimity
Be that the initial moment should be consistent with the boundary condition in the whole experiment on model and the corresponding border of natural geology entity.
If the geologic body of simulation is to contain phreaticly also will follow following principle;
3: kinematic similitude
Be model with nature seepage flow in the trace of respective liquid particle should be similar, and fluid particle flow through respective traces section required time should be proportional.
4: dynamic similarity
It is identical with the character of the suffered power of respective liquid particle in the nature seepage flow to be model, and should keep certain proportion.
Because the exhausted major part of natural seepage flow is a laminar flow, phreatic flowing is that viscous force is playing a major role, and inertial force is more much smaller than viscous force, can ignore.Therefore, seepage flow also keeps laminar flow in the model as long as make.
The all available fur coat Bouyei of the seepage flow of natural seepage flow and model equation is described,
Flow equation
Q in the formula---the seepage flow water yield (L/S)
K---infiltration coefficient (cm/s)
B---simulation geologic body width (cm)
h
7---section water-bearing zone, upstream thickness (cm)
h
1---section water-bearing zone, downstream thickness (cm)
L
7-1---the distance (cm) of upstream the 7th section the 1st section to the downstream
The head equation
H in the formula
iThe head value of arbitrary cross-section, all other are with (2) formula.
Geological environment simulating experiment device of the present invention is exactly a principle of following analog simulation, with nature common geologic hazard geology entity may take place or the water-bearing zone dwindles the model of making according to certain ratio, simulate bringing out the geologic hazard various factors in the model then, it is caused that the motion key element observes, the result that will observe amplifies by a certain percentage again, just can obtain and the corresponding motion key element of nature geology entity.
Geological environment simulating experiment device of the present invention is mainly used in scientific research and teaching simulation field geology entity, has following effect:
The various geologic bodies of 1 simulation
The geologic body simulation can be simulated dissimilar geologic bodies in the chamber as required; As rubble flow, landslide, different structure side slope, bank slope, interchannel plot, table water aquifer, confined aquifer etc.And underground chamber, underground gallery, boring etc. can be set in geologic body as required.Geologic body be can simulate in different external cause (as precipitation, river, underground water etc.) effect deformation failure feature down, by experiment, foundation and experiment parameter provided for what prevent geologic hazard.
2 simulate formation watershed divide
By the water level (supply water this moment chamber and drain chamber are equivalent to simulate the river) of regulating water supply chamber and drain chamber, in the change that formation, migration and the runoff approach that can simulate interchannel plot ground water divide under the condition of rainfall are arranged, the disappearance of simulate formation watershed divide (producing storehouse water) to adjacent paddy seepage, the maximum stage in (not producing adjacent paddy seepage) two rivers was poor when method prediction ground water divide existed by experiment, to solve in the production practices to adjacent paddy leakage problems
3 simulated groundwater seepage flow states
By the research and the field data of simulated groundwater seepage flow state, the utilization theoretical formula is found the solution the water level of infiltration coefficient and different section.
The phreatic motion key element of 4 observations
By observing the water level of each measuring point, the motion state of seepage action of ground water is described, draw drawdown curve and drift net with actual measurement and calculating water level, to describe the motion key element of seepage flow space each point.
The mensuration of 5 actual flow velocities
Measure actual velocity of groundwater by throwing in tracer agent (as coloured dyestuff, reagent etc.), relatively calculate the difference of phreatic flow velocity and actual velocity of groundwater.
6 groundwater contaminations control experiment
When simulated groundwater is subjected to different pollutions, adopt the clean-up effect of different disposal agent, can also carry out under different hydraulics the research of solute migration transformation rule in the underground water simultaneously.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the A of Fig. 1 is to view.
Fig. 3 is the B-B cut-open view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the C-C cut-open view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is the rear view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is the control panel synoptic diagram.
Fig. 7 is a simulation box inclination synoptic diagram.
Embodiment:
Referring to Fig. 1～Fig. 6, geological environment simulating experiment device of the present invention, comprise frame 1, the reserve tank 4 of water pump 2 and confession rainwater water pump 3 is arranged at the bottom that is positioned at frame, hinged and the simulation box 8 that make by the employing organic glass that hydraulic gear 5 is driven by hydraulic fluid tank 6 to rotate around hinge 7 of downstream end and frame, the rainfall case 9 in dozens of rainfall hole 50 is arranged at the bottom that is contained in the frame top, geologic body simulation chamber 10 is arranged in the simulation box, lay respectively on the geologic body simulation chamber, downstream end pass through the water supply chamber 12 that permeable mesh plate 11 is communicated with the geologic modelling chamber, drain chamber 13, lay respectively on the simulation box, the downstream outboard end be contained in water level governor motion 14 on the frame, discharge level governor motion 15 is regulated and is risen, that falls height decides head water level spill box 16, draining spill box 17, deciding has by drinking-water pipe 18 in the head water level spill box, feed pipe 19 respectively with reserve tank in water pump, what the water supply chamber was communicated with decides head spill cavity 20 and overflows back water cavity 22 by the head of deciding that overflow returning pipe 21 communicates with reserve tank, decides the head spill cavity and decide head that to overflow back water cavity be to separate by deciding head overflow baffle 51.Draining spill cavity 24 that communicates with drain chamber by pipeline 23 and the draining backwater cavity 26 that communicates with reserve tank by run-down pipe 25 are arranged in the draining spill box, and draining spill cavity and draining backwater cavity are to adopt draining overflow baffle 52 to separate.One end of the overflow flow tube 27 that is communicated with run-down pipe inserts in the low water head high precision flow 28 with measurement of discharge.Piezometric tube 29 is ten groups, and spaced set is on simulation chamber sidewall, and every group of piezometric tube is three, the other end of three pressure measurement flexible pipes 30 that are communicated with every group of piezometric tube bottom pass respectively the same vertical plane of simulation chamber sidewall on, in, bottom water level check point 31.Also can adorn three-way connection on the pressure measurement flexible pipe, in addition two ends of three-way connection are connected with piezometric tube lower end and water gathering tube respectively, adopt taps 32 and are contained on the frame and are communicated with water gathering tube.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, bearing 33 on the frame of being contained in is arranged respectively in water level governor motion, the discharge level governor motion, the support 34 of band upright slide rail, pedestal mounted rotating shaft 35, ratchet 36 is contained in the rotating shaft, the ratchet 37 that cooperates with ratchet is contained on the support, fixed pulley 38 is equipped with on the top of support, deciding has the slideway that cooperates with slide rail respectively on head water level spill box, the draining spill box, an end of the stay cord 39 in the rotating shaft be fixed in the rotating shaft and the other end walk around a top of the trellis fixed pulley and with decide head water level spill box or draining spill box top is connected.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 5, the rainfall case is by being communicated with confession rainwater water pump in the reserve tank for rainwater water pipe 40, differing heights is distributed with rainwater position limiting holes 41 on the rainfall case sidewall, the rainwater position limiter tube 43 of the band gauge tap 42 that is attached thereto is arranged on each rainwater position limiting holes, and rainwater position limiter tube communicates with reserve tank.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 4, hydraulic gear comprises with hinged hydraulic piston cylinder 45, one ends of the bearing that fixes on the ground 44 and stretches into piston rod 46 in the piston cylinder, be hinged with free bearing 47 on the other end of piston rod, free bearing is contained in the simulation box bottom hinge support 48 and can rotates.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 6 is provided with control panel 49 on frame, is convenient to operation.
Referring to Fig. 7, when doing the rubble flow test, sample (mud with field acquisition, husky, piece stone, gravel) is loaded in the geologic body simulation chamber and simulates rubble flow, regulate the height of deciding head water level spill box and draining spill box by water level governor motion and discharge level governor motion, make in the simulation rubble flow and keep certain pore water pressure, start hydraulic fluid tank, hydraulic gear drives simulation box and turns to required angle, open make-up pump and supply the rainwater water pump, simulation is at underground water, rainfall, rubble flow forming process under the factor effects such as terrain slope is in order to observe phenomena and its mechanism of research.
The foregoing description is that foregoing of the present invention is further described, but this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention only limits to the foregoing description.All technology that realizes based on foregoing institute stage all belong to scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1, geological environment simulating experiment device, it is characterized in that comprising frame, the reserve tank that water pump is arranged, downstream end and frame are hinged and be subjected to power source to drive the simulation box that rotates around hinge by gear train, the rainfall case in rainfall hole is arranged at the bottom that is contained in the frame top, geologic body simulation chamber is arranged in the simulation box, be positioned at the water supply chamber that permeable mesh plate is communicated with the geologic modelling chamber of passing through of geologic body simulation chamber upstream extremity, be positioned at the drain chamber that permeable mesh plate is communicated with the geologic modelling chamber of passing through of geologic modelling chamber downstream end, being positioned at simulation box upstream outboard end has the water level governor motion on the frame of being contained in to regulate liter, that falls height decides head water level spill box, being positioned at simulation box downstream outboard end has the discharge level governor motion on the frame of being contained in to regulate liter, the draining spill box of height falls, decide to have in the head water level spill box by pipeline respectively with reserve tank in water pump, what the water supply chamber was communicated with decides the head spill cavity and overflows back water cavity by the head of deciding that overflow returning pipe communicates with reserve tank, draining spill cavity that communicates with drain chamber by pipeline and the draining backwater cavity that communicates with reserve tank by run-down pipe are arranged in the draining spill box, at least three group piezometric tube vertically are contained on the simulation chamber sidewall, and an end of the pressure measurement flexible pipe that is communicated with the piezometric tube bottom passes simulation chamber sidewall and stretches into and simulate in the chamber respectively.
2, geological environment simulating experiment device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that piezometric tube is ten groups, spaced set is on the sidewall of simulation chamber, every group of piezometric tube is three, the other end of three pressure measurement flexible pipes that are communicated with every group of piezometric tube bottom pass respectively the same vertical plane of simulation chamber sidewall on, in, bottom water level check point.
3, geological environment simulating experiment device as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that on the pressure measurement flexible pipe three-way connection being housed, and in addition two ends of three-way connection are connected with piezometric tube lower end and water gathering tube respectively, adopts taps and is contained on the frame and is communicated with water gathering tube.
4, geological environment simulating experiment device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that the water level governor motion, bearing on the frame of being contained in is arranged respectively in the discharge level governor motion, the support of band upright slide rail, pedestal mounted rotating shaft, ratchet is contained in the rotating shaft, the ratchet that cooperates with ratchet is contained on the support, fixed pulley is equipped with on the top of support, decide head water level spill box, the slideway that cooperates with slide rail is arranged respectively on the draining spill box, an end of the stay cord in the rotating shaft be fixed in the rotating shaft and the other end walk around a top of the trellis fixed pulley and with decide head water level spill box or draining spill box top is connected.
5, geological environment simulating experiment device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that having in the reserve tank for the rainwater water pump, the rainfall case is by being communicated with confession rainwater water pump in the reserve tank for the rainwater water pipe, differing heights is distributed with rainwater position limiting holes on the rainfall case sidewall, the rainwater position limiter tube of the band gauge tap that is attached thereto is arranged on each rainwater position limiting holes, and rainwater position limiter tube communicates with reserve tank.
6, geological environment simulating experiment device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that gear train is the hydraulic gear that driven by hydraulic fluid tank, the piston cylinder that the bearing that comprises and fix on the ground is hinged, one end stretches into the piston rod in the piston cylinder, be hinged with free bearing on the other end of piston rod, free bearing is contained in simulation box bottom hinge and supports upward and can rotate.
7, geological environment simulating experiment device as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that simulation box adopts transparent material to make.
8, geological environment simulating experiment device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that simulation box around the hinge angle of rotation between 0 °～45 °.
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2007
- 2007-08-28 CN CN200710049869A patent/CN100583188C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN102426225A (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2012-04-25 | 青岛理工大学 | Experimental device and monitoring method for researching arsenic transformation of underground water |
| CN102426225B (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2015-01-07 | 青岛理工大学 | Experimental device and monitoring method for researching arsenic transformation of underground water |
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