CN103616493A - Three-dimensional artificial rainfall reservoir type landslide physical model testing equipment - Google Patents
Three-dimensional artificial rainfall reservoir type landslide physical model testing equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides three-dimensional artificial rainfall reservoir type landslide physical model testing equipment. The equipment comprises a box body, wherein the periphery and the bottom of the box body are sealed, the top of the box body is provided with an artificial rainfall system; a landslide bed is arranged in the box body; a landslide body is arranged on the landslide bed; the top end of the landslide bed is provided with a rear edge water complementing system for simulating ground water flow; a physical quantity test and control system is arranged in the landslide body; a TDR water testing system is arranged on one surface of the landslide body; a reservoir water level control system for controlling the water level in right front of the landslide body is arranged outside the box body; an exit gate is also arranged on the box body in right front of the landslide body. The testing platform system has the high integration and automation degrees, can be used for deformation damage model tests of a landslide under the action of a plurality of factors, and can perform the three-dimensional landslide physical simulation test research on landslide stability characteristic with the consideration of rainfall, reservoir water level rising and falling and coupling functions.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to geologic hazard model test field, a kind of three-dimensional rainmaking reservoir landslide physical experiments equipment of specific design.
Background technology
Landslide Model test is as one type of geomechanical model test, according to media type, can be divided into rock matter and soil property, its analogue technique also can be divided into two classes accordingly, current model investigation both domestic and external mainly concentrates on rock material simulation aspect, and obtained compared with ten-strike, its theory and application reach its maturity; But the object of Landslide Model test is except rock matter landslide, also have the types, particularly reservoir area of Three Gorges such as soil property, gravelly soil, soil property and debris landslide are more general, just at the early-stage for the Landslide Model experimental technique research of soil property or gravelly soil both at home and abroad at present, still there is more problem:
1) soil or gravelly soil are broken and scattered property materials, reality is also difficult to be implemented in and keeps under its original physics, mechanical property condition, its gravity stress level is converted into 1/n, therefore this test has just partly met geometric similarity and the mechanical similitude between physical model and prototype, and can not accurately reflect the global feature of prototype.
2) at the soil body, study, particularly in weak soil research, damage model test has been obtained greater advance, but in the saturated model research of weak soil elastic-plastic model and the effect of consideration aqueous medium, carry out conventional model test and have very large difficulty, because in traditional gravity field, model test scale is limited, but in model, the stress level of each point is still much lower than prototype, many stress-strain relations of the soil body particularly nonlinear dependence tie up in model and can not obtain real embodiment, test result mainly depends on the similarity of similar model material and the reliability of data acquisition.From current achievement in research both domestic and external, show, although means of testing has obtained large development at present, there is very large difficulty in the analog material research of the weak prose style free from parallelism such as weak soil, and this has seriously restricted the development of geomechanical model testing technology.
3) the dual-side contact friction problem of two-dimentional Landslide Model.Two dimension Landslide Model test inevitably produces the friction problem of analog material and side at dual-side, current research shows, this friction factor size becomes the major control condition of model test.
4) Landslide Model test analog material preparation research is one of difficult point in Landslide Model, at present the analog material on rock matter landslide is along with gypsum is the ripe and substantially solve gradually of equivalent material simulating technology, and the landslide o earth slope particularly research of weak soil body analog material but exists suitable difficulty always.The natural product that the soil body forms as the certain historical conditions of occurring in nature, it has character and has the features such as diversity, regionality, it is impossible developing the simulated condition that a kind of material meets each side completely, so be necessary to ignore its secondary cause, carry out experimental study for principal element, and adopt fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method optimum selecting.At present soil body analog material parameter similar in, the similar of four factors such as unit weight, cohesive strength, angle of internal friction, elastic modulus are satisfiable, but while adding on this basis parameter as infiltration coefficient etc. again, it is similar meets and just has larger difficulty.
5) also there are a lot of defects in geotechnical centrifugal model test, first centrifugal intertia force field can not be completely similar with gravity field, centrifugal intertia force field is directly proportional to the radius of inertia, on model, the acceleration of each point is different, size and Orientation is all changing, cause geotechnical centrifugal model test can not obtain the uniform field of force, this and engineering physical presence larger difference; The Coriolis acceleration producing in secondly reinforced process also can cause centrifugal model error; Finally accelerate and braking problem is also one of problem for centrifugal model test.The lifting of rotational speed and reduction are until stop all needing the regular hour, and the variation in such caused field of force does not conform to engineering reality yet, and the reliability of test findings has been caused to very large impact.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of three-dimensional rainmaking reservoir landslide physical experiments equipment, can integrate the major landslip model test platform of multiple physical quantity test and control system, rainmaking control system, reservoir level control system, flash ranging contactless displacement test macro and TDR moisture measurement system.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of three-dimensional rainmaking reservoir landslide physical experiments equipment, comprise casing, described casing surrounding and sealed bottom, top is provided with artificial rain system, in casing, be provided with slide bed, slide bed is provided with sliding mass, the top of slide bed is provided with the trailing edge water charging system for simulated groundwater runoff, in sliding mass, be provided with physical quantity test and control system, the surface of sliding mass is provided with TDR moisture measurement system, casing is also provided with outward for controlling the reservoir level control system of sliding mass dead ahead water level, on the casing in described sliding mass dead ahead, be also provided with out gate.
Described artificial rain system's system comprises a plurality of shower nozzles of being located at casing top, and shower nozzle is connected with water pump with solenoid valve by water pipe.This system is by being connected the switch of solenoid valve and water pump with computing machine, then by common multiple rainfall patterns such as computer simulation drizzle, light rain, moderate rain, heavy rain, heavy rain, torrential rain and extra torrential rains, rainfall intensity scope is 10-280mm/h, realizes full-automatic artificially-simulated rainfall.
Described trailing edge water charging system is comprised of trailing edge moisturizing groove and moisturizing operation valve, fills cobble and sand grains in trailing edge moisturizing groove.The particle diameter of described sand grains is about 0.5～2mm, by trailing edge water charging system, can simulate groundwater flow in sliding mass, makes environmental baseline closer to Practical Project condition.
Described physical quantity test comprises stay-supported type displacement sensor, soil pressure sensor and pore water pressure sensor with control system, stay-supported type displacement sensor is fixed on sliding mass top by support, and soil pressure sensor and pore water pressure sensor are embedded in sliding mass inside.The kind of the sensor that the present invention arranges is more, makes the physical quantity of test more comprehensive; And favorable working performance, the precision of the sensor providing are higher.
Described TDR moisture measurement system comprises soil moisture sensor, and the moisture measurement probe vertical of soil moisture sensor is inserted in sliding mass surface.Because whether soil moisture content is stablized and had vital importantly for observation judgement sliding mass, be necessary very much testing soil water cut, the present invention is provided with TDR moisture measurement system, makes to measure easy; Finding speed is fast, and precision is high; "dead", be applicable to long-term location soil monitoring in real time; Data transmission is flexible.
Described reservoir level control system comprises water inlet control valve, outlet water control valve and for measuring the water gauge of box house water level, described water inlet control valve is positioned on the sidewall of casing surrounding, and outlet water control valve is positioned at the bottom of casing.Water inlet control valve is positioned on the sidewall of casing surrounding, can make water level along the lifting of model inwall nature, reduces in SEA LEVEL VARIATION process the sliding mass soil body is washed away to impact; Outlet water control valve is positioned at the bottom of casing, is convenient in process of the test waste water after draining and test, native slag etc.When ascending, descending water level, regulate water inlet control valve, outlet water control valve, can make storehouse water in certain flow state, more tally with the actual situation; Meanwhile, also water inlet control valve, outlet water control valve can be connected to upper solenoid valve, by water gauge, be connected and control with computing machine, can change by automatic control water level; The present invention can, according to model experiment demand, arrange manual control and automatically control two kinds of modes of operation.
Flash ranging contactless displacement test macro also can be set in this device, and its installation site arranges as required, for observing the displacement situation of sliding mass model, and carries out Displacement Analysis according to the data of observation.
Described casing is sealed to form by the steel plate between many root posts and column; Form a watertight space.
The middle part of described casing surrounding is provided with toughened glass window, and toughened glass window and casing are integral type Seal Design.The setting of tempered glass is convenient to change in observation experiment process.
Described casing is two-layer, the middle part in casing outside and top be provided with around corridor, the outer side of casing is provided with the stair that match with corridor; Described casing is also provided with the perimeter column around one circle outward, between perimeter column and corresponding casing column, by crossbeam and bearing diagonal, connect, crossbeam is positioned at the bottom in corridor, and bearing diagonal one end is fixed on the bottom of perimeter column, and the other end is connected on the column of casing.
The outside in described corridor is provided with guard rail, the safety while guaranteeing to walk on corridor.
The present invention can be as required larger by size design, overcome the size effect of model test.Casing and peripheral perimeter column, crossbeam, bearing diagonal, stair, corridor and guard rail etc. thereof form the model steelframe of whole equipment; Adopt rotating floor ladder type scheme, and adopt concrete filled steel tube to support, improved greatly the longitudinal rigidity of model steelframe, keep the stable of model test equipment.Aspect the automatically accurate simulation of rainfall, robotization, homogenising, stabilization can be accomplished, accomplishing robotization, stabilization, SEA LEVEL VARIATION speed adjustability aspect the automatically accurate simulation of storehouse water, landslide can be better simulated in rainfall and reservoir level coupling.Better observation experiment change in process is convenient in the tempered glass arranging in addition, walking corridor.
The beneficial effect that the present invention also has:
1, the present invention has designed the Landslide Model test platform of a kind of Study of Landslides under rainfall and reservoir level coupling, on this platform, can carry out three-dimensional physical model test.By rainmaking control system, can simulate the common multiple rainfall patterns such as drizzle, light rain, moderate rain; By reservoir level control system, realized the automatic control of reservoir level; Formation mechanism and the inducement mechanism under rainfall and storehouse water coupling by rainmaking control system and reservoir level Control system simulation landslide.
2, the integrated many physical quantitys test macro that comprises soil pressure, pore water pressure, moisture, displacement measurement, data acquisition system (DAS) etc., artificial rain system, reservoir level jacking system etc., many physical quantitys test macro can be realized the automatic monitoring to sliding mass internal physical mechanics parameter; The omnidistance displacement that obtains each optical observation point of landslide automatically of flash ranging contactless displacement test macro; Trailing edge water charging system can be simulated groundwater flow in sliding mass.
3, this device systems is integrated, automaticity is high, the deformation failure model test that can be used for coming down under many factors effect, the three-dimensional landslide physical simulation experiment research of the stability characteristic (quality) of can considering to come down under rainfall, reservoir level lifting and coupling thereof; Simulate actual working condition, and utilize many physical quantitys test macro, data acquisition system (DAS), gather comprehensive, reliable test figure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is diagrammatic cross-section of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is front view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the left view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is staircase structure figure of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is Fig. 2 casing internal layer view.
Fig. 6 is Fig. 3 casing internal layer view.
Fig. 7 is vertical view of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Fig. 1-7, the present invention includes casing 1, described casing surrounding and sealed bottom, top is provided with artificial rain system 2, in casing, be provided with slide bed 3, slide bed is provided with sliding mass 4, the top of slide bed 2 is provided with the trailing edge water charging system 5 for simulated groundwater runoff, in sliding mass 4, be provided with physical quantity test and control system 6, the surface of sliding mass is provided with TDR moisture measurement system 7, casing 1 is outer to be also provided with for controlling the reservoir level control system 8 of sliding mass dead ahead water level, on the casing in described sliding mass dead ahead, is also provided with cleanout door 11.
Further, described casing 1 is sealed to form by the steel plate 13 between many root posts 12 and column.
Further, the middle part of described casing 1 surrounding is provided with toughened glass window 19, and toughened glass window and casing 1 are integral type Seal Design, is convenient to from the inner landslide of casing External Observation situation, and tempered glass and steel plate compartment arrange in addition.
Further, described casing is two-layer, concrete size can be set to the high * of long * wide=12m*6m*6m, the middle part in casing outside and top be provided with around corridor 14, the outside in corridor 14 is provided with guard rail 110, the outer side of casing is provided with the stair 15 that match with corridor simultaneously, conveniently in casing outside, grasps in time inner situation of change.Described casing is also provided with the perimeter column 16 around one circle outward, between perimeter column and corresponding casing column, by crossbeam 17 and bearing diagonal 18, connect, crossbeam is positioned at the bottom in corridor, and bearing diagonal one end is fixed on the bottom of perimeter column, and the other end is connected on the column of casing.By the design of perimeter column, crossbeam, bearing diagonal, the steadiness of this equipment is further strengthened, in addition, the bracing frame that intersection also can be set between perimeter column strengthens its stability and fastness.
Described cleanout door 11 is positioned at casing one side roof part centre position, and this salable waterproof can not leaked its one-piece construction.
Sliding mass in casing and the geomery of slide bed are determined according to actual conditions, each face of sliding mass does not contact with cabinet wall, with inwall in a distance, avoided the friction problem of Landslide Model analog material and inwall, make it more press close to real landslide situation.
The component combinations such as the casing of said structure and perimeter column, crossbeam, corridor together, form the steel mould base of this equipment, and it is whole is the claustra formula structure of opening top, conveniently tests, and also can guarantee that the safety on landslide is carried out smoothly.
Described artificial rain system's 2 systems comprise a plurality of shower nozzles 21 of being located at casing 1 top, and shower nozzle 21 is connected with water pump 24 with solenoid valve 23 by water pipe 22.
Described trailing edge water charging system 5 is comprised of trailing edge moisturizing groove 51 and moisturizing operation valve 52, the interior filling cobble of trailing edge moisturizing groove 51 and sand grains.By trailing edge water charging system, to landslide trailing edge, moisturizing endlessly carrys out simulated groundwater runoff.
Described physical quantity test comprises stay-supported type displacement sensor 61, soil pressure sensor 62 and pore water pressure sensor 63 with control system 6, stay-supported type displacement sensor 61 is fixed on sliding mass 4 tops by support, and soil pressure sensor 62 and pore water pressure sensor 63 are embedded in sliding mass 4 inside.
Described TDR moisture measurement system 7 comprises soil moisture sensor 71, and the moisture measurement probe vertical of soil moisture sensor 71 is inserted in sliding mass 4 surfaces.
Described reservoir level control system 8 comprises water inlet control valve 81, outlet water control valve 82 and for measuring the water gauge 83 of box house water level, described water inlet control valve 81 is positioned on the sidewall of casing surrounding, and outlet water control valve 82 is positioned at the bottom of casing.
When carrying out simulation test, first in casing, press simulate landslide inclined plane shape preloading light-weight aggregate, for simulating slide bed, then on slide bed, lay sliding mass, meet the relevant mechanical characteristic in landslide, model test is tallied with the actual situation more.
And on slide bed top, repair out simulate landslide dimensional topography.When the sliding band of preloading and slide bed, simultaneously according to soil pressure sensor and pore water pressure sensor in this landslide field monitoring data or the embedding many physical quantity tests of numerical result and control system, after slide bed trims, on slide bed surface, stay-supported type displacement sensor is installed, and the moisture measurement probe vertical of soil moisture sensor is inserted in to slide bed surface.In casing, sliding mass leading edge reserves segment space, when closing cleanout door, just in sliding mass leading edge, form a space, for simulated reservoir water level, can Real-Time Monitoring reservoir level by water gauge, by water inlet control valve, can supply water for pond, can draining by outlet water control valve, above-mentioned three parts combine use, can realize the automatic imitation of reservoir level change.
Below be only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not limitation of the present invention, those skilled in the art is not departing within the scope of technical solution of the present invention, when can utilizing the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to make a little change or being modified to the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations, in every case be to depart from any simple modification, equivalent variations and the modification that technical solution of the present invention content basis technical spirit of the present invention is done above embodiment, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a three-dimensional rainmaking reservoir landslide physical experiments equipment, it is characterized in that: comprise casing (1), described casing surrounding and sealed bottom, top is provided with artificial rain system (2), in casing, be provided with slide bed (3), slide bed is provided with sliding mass (4), the top of slide bed (2) is provided with the trailing edge water charging system (5) for simulated groundwater runoff, in sliding mass (4), be provided with physical quantity test and control system (6), the surface of sliding mass is provided with TDR moisture measurement system (7), casing (1) is outer to be also provided with for controlling the reservoir level control system (8) of sliding mass dead ahead water level, on the casing in described sliding mass dead ahead, be also provided with cleanout door (11).
2. three-dimensional rainmaking reservoir landslide physical experiments equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described artificial rain system (2) comprises a plurality of shower nozzles (21) of being located at casing (1) top, shower nozzle (21) is connected with water pump (24) with solenoid valve (23) by water pipe (22).
3. three-dimensional rainmaking reservoir landslide physical experiments equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described trailing edge water charging system (5) is comprised of trailing edge moisturizing groove (51) and moisturizing operation valve (52), in trailing edge moisturizing groove (51), fill cobble and sand grains.
4. three-dimensional rainmaking reservoir landslide physical experiments equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described physical quantity test comprises stay-supported type displacement sensor (61), soil pressure sensor (62) and pore water pressure sensor (63) with control system (6), stay-supported type displacement sensor (61) is fixed on sliding mass (4) top by support, and soil pressure sensor (62) and pore water pressure sensor (63) are embedded in sliding mass (4) inside.
5. three-dimensional rainmaking reservoir landslide physical experiments equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described TDR moisture measurement system (7) comprises soil moisture sensor (71), the moisture measurement probe vertical of soil moisture sensor (71) is inserted in sliding mass (4) surface.
6. three-dimensional rainmaking reservoir landslide physical experiments equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described reservoir level control system (8) comprises water inlet control valve (81), outlet water control valve (82) and for measuring the water gauge (83) of box house water level, described water inlet control valve (81) is positioned on the sidewall of casing surrounding, and outlet water control valve (82) is positioned at the bottom of casing.
7. according to the three-dimensional rainmaking reservoir landslide physical experiments equipment one of claim 1-6 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that: described casing (1) is sealed to form by the steel plate (13) between many root posts (12) and column.
8. according to the three-dimensional rainmaking reservoir landslide physical experiments equipment one of claim 1-6 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that: the middle part of described casing (1) surrounding is provided with toughened glass window (19), and toughened glass window and casing (1) are integral type Seal Design.
9. three-dimensional rainmaking reservoir landslide physical experiments equipment according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described casing is two-layer, the middle part in casing outside and top be provided with around corridor (14), the outer side of casing is provided with the stair (15) that match with corridor; Described casing is also provided with the perimeter column (16) around one circle outward, between perimeter column and corresponding casing column, by crossbeam (17) and bearing diagonal (18), connect, crossbeam is positioned at the bottom in corridor, bearing diagonal one end is fixed on the bottom of perimeter column, and the other end is connected on the column of casing.
10. three-dimensional rainmaking reservoir landslide physical experiments equipment according to claim 9, is characterized in that: the outside of described corridor (14) is provided with guard rail (110).
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