CN105182404A - Landslip simulating system - Google Patents
Landslip simulating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105182404A CN105182404A CN201510654838.7A CN201510654838A CN105182404A CN 105182404 A CN105182404 A CN 105182404A CN 201510654838 A CN201510654838 A CN 201510654838A CN 105182404 A CN105182404 A CN 105182404A
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Abstract
The invention provides a landslip simulating system comprising a model box, a landslip model used for simulating a landslip, a loading device used for applying a load to the slope of the landslip model in order that the landslip model slips, and a monitoring module used for detecting the slide of the landslip, wherein the landslip model, the loading device, and the monitoring module are arranged in the model box. The landslip simulating system may select different schemes according to actual requirements, performs treatment of reducing a friction coefficient on a slip plane, improves a monitoring effect, and reduces the height of the model and soil amount on the premise that a test effect is satisfied so as to facilitate test enforcement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to civil engineering work, particularly relate to a kind of landslide simulation system.
Background technology
Landslide refers to massif slope containing unstable Rock And Soil or Artificial Side-slope, be subject to soil battalion's internal factor such as type, topography and geomorphology and by the combined influence in external factor such as, mankind's activity and various vibrations, lose Equilibrium, along certain Weak face or weak band under Gravitative Loads, part or all of Rock And Soil produces the bad geological phenomenon slided along slope, be a kind of geologic hazard that the earth extensively also exists.The generation on landslide usually has sudden, high frequency, destructive feature, it is the second largest disaster being only second to earthquake of generally acknowledging at present, also be one of widest in area, destruction is the heaviest and the time is the longest geologic hazard of facing mankind, China is vast in territory, complicated geological is various, topography and geomorphology contrast is very large, and Climate and Environment Variation is large, and China landslide disaster has occurred and accounted for 1/5 to 1/4 of national land surface with the region that landslide disaster may occur.According to statistics, within 2014, the whole nation mainly there occurs geologic hazard in 29 provinces (autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government), and in addition, number of times and the scale of landslide disaster generation have the trend increased year by year along with the development of national economy and the construction of heavy construction.
The research method on landslide mainly contains: the inspection of the scene of a crime and monitoring, indoor model test, numerical simulation analysis etc.Comparatively speaking, field monitoring is the most accurate, but due to distance, implement that difficulty is comparatively large, data acquisition is inconvenient, need the human and material resources that consume and the time also more; Numerical simulation analysis is carried out to landslide, implement human and material resources that are the simplest, that consume and the time minimum, but the method often needs to set up the model simplified, assuming that much desirable parameter, carries out in the ideal situation, has certain difference with the actual conditions of side slope.Landslide indoor model test can the on-the-spot Rock And Soil parameter of simulate, implement difficulty also little compared with field monitoring with the human, financial, and material resources expended, test figure is also easy to gather, the experimental result of gained is also comparatively reliable, so model test is vast research and engineering technical personnel in the research of coming down.
Landslide monitoring method based on boring is one of most effective method of landslide monitoring.Tiltmeter, based on concentric cable TDR technology, based on composite optical fiber device etc. be all based on boring monitoring method.Optical fiber sensing technology is applied in landslide monitoring, mainly causes the optical parametric of optical fiber generation change to realize by measuring by the slip of slope body, for the laying form of boring, according to field condition, it is generally acknowledged upright opening and inclined hole two kinds of forms.So-called upright opening, refers to that boring is approximately perpendicular to glide plane; So-called inclined hole, refers to that boring and glide plane have larger inclination angle, but the more real slight slope sliding condition of simulation not having a kind of method energy of simulation of coming down deep enough at present.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of landslide simulation system, to solve the problem.
Landslide provided by the invention simulation system, comprise model casing, be arranged in model casing for simulate landslide Landslide Model, for described to Landslide Model load application make Landslide Model produce slide charger and for detect landslide slide monitoring modular;
Described Landslide Model comprises sliding bed, glide plane and is arranged on soil body glide plane also being formed and has top, slope and edge slope structure, and described glide plane surface is through the process of reduction friction factor, and described glide plane is provided with boring.
Further, described charger comprises bearing plate I and heap carrier material, and load is evenly passed to Landslide Model by bearing plate I by described heap carrier material.
Further, described charger comprises bearing plate II and lifting jack, and load is passed to Landslide Model by bearing plate II by described lifting jack.
Further, described charger comprises bearing plate I, bearing plate II, heap carrier material and lifting jack, and load is passed to heap carrier material by bearing plate II by described lifting jack, and load is evenly passed to Landslide Model by bearing plate I by described heap carrier material.
Further, described charger also comprises simulated rainfall module, and described simulated rainfall module comprises the dewatering device for controlling rainfall rate and rainfall amount.
Further, described monitoring modular comprises for obtaining the motion of Landslide Model and the composite optical fiber device of deformation signal and the displacement monitor for monitoring the displacement of glide plane apparent motion when landslide occurs, and described displacement monitor is fiber grating shear displacemant measurement mechanism.
Further, described side slope is filled by carrying out tamping in layers to model casing, to after filling up model casing through cutting domatic.
Further, described boring processes or service sleeve formation in sliding bed in the shaping rear drilling of the sliding bed of Landslide Model.
Further, described glide plane surface is covered with float coat, described float coat is coated with the dividing plate for reducing friction factor, the circular shape curved surface that described glide plane is inclined-plane or arranges according to slices method.
Further, also comprise enclosure device and guard rail, described enclosure device is fixed on model casing two sides, and described guard rail is for ensureing preloading safety and the reaction frame bearing load.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: landslide provided by the invention simulation system, can be according to actual needs, select the loading scheme that three kinds different, and the process of reduction friction factor has been carried out to glide plane, improve monitoring effect, under the prerequisite meeting test effect, reduce the height of model, reduce by soil amount, test is implemented convenient.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:
Fig. 1 is the relation schematic diagram of slope of the present invention shoulder displacement and heap(ed) capacity.
Fig. 2 is fibre loss of the present invention and load graph of a relation.
Fig. 3 is test slope of the present invention shoulder horizontal shift and fibre loss graph of a relation.
Fig. 4 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the grating bonding method schematic diagram of displacement monitor of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described: Fig. 1 is the relation schematic diagram of slope of the present invention shoulder displacement and heap(ed) capacity, Fig. 2 is fibre loss of the present invention and load graph of a relation, Fig. 3 is test slope of the present invention shoulder horizontal shift and fibre loss graph of a relation, and Fig. 4 is structural representation of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1,2,3, 4, landslide simulation system in the present embodiment, comprise model casing, be arranged in model casing for simulate landslide Landslide Model, for described to Landslide Model load application make Landslide Model produce slide charger and for detect landslide slide monitoring modular;
Described Landslide Model comprises sliding bed, glide plane and is arranged on soil body glide plane also being formed and has top, slope and edge slope structure, and described glide plane 3 surface is through the process of reduction friction factor, and described glide plane is provided with boring 2.
In the present embodiment, by three different experiments, carry out statistics to experimental result can find, the friction factor of glide plane is very large on the payload values impact needed for the generation of landslide, 1st, 2 tests are same glide planes, but the 1st time the experiment failed of success, and in the 2nd success of the test that the soil body reaming nearly 50% carries out again; Still constructed side slope model by the 1st test after 3rd test processes glide plane, but load needed for its sliding failure is close with the 2nd time.Therefore, model test for there being default glide plane can be described, its friction factor is the key factor determining payload values needed for slope sliding, therefore, in the present embodiment, process glide plane, the friction factor reducing glide plane is carrying out in landslide simulation experimental, the grouting turgor of boring determines the effect that sliding mass load is passed to COFT (Combinedopticalfibertransducer, composite optical fiber device) by it.Wherein, COFT adopts optical fiber and substrate combination to become rectangular parallelepiped, be embedded in boring 2, boring 2 can adopt inclined hole, also can adopt upright opening, when needs grout machine is in the milk, the grouting of upright opening is more convenient, full than inclined hole, and in order to once place more boring, the model casing in the present embodiment adopts clean length to be 4.5 meters, clear span is 2 meters, and clear height is 1.7 meters.Consider that bath scaled model experimental device will be reused, model casing adopts coating steel pipe to make.For the burial place of composite optical fiber device, in order to make monitoring effect more desirable, need to occur in the process destroyed in side slope, composite optical fiber device is cut off along with the slip of the soil body, therefore need the sliding soil mass on composite optical fiber device top as far as possible many, increase the weight of the soil body, and then increase the size of model casing.
In the present embodiment, employ 3 kinds of loading schemes, three kinds of loading schemes cut both ways, and should consider actual conditions and select suitable loading scheme.Comprise 1. and comprise bearing plate I 1 and heap carrier material, load is evenly passed to Landslide Model by bearing plate I 1 by described heap carrier material.2. comprise bearing plate II and lifting jack, load is passed to Landslide Model by bearing plate II by described lifting jack.3. comprise bearing plate I 1, bearing plate II, heap carrier material and lifting jack, load is passed to heap carrier material by bearing plate II by described lifting jack, and load is evenly passed to Landslide Model by bearing plate I 1 by described heap carrier material.Owing to piling the existence of carrier material, for ensureing that the load Transmit evenly of preloading block is to the model soil body, also avoids preloading block to puncture the model soil body, lay bearing plate I 1 between the soil body and preloading block.For ensureing that jack load energy Transmit evenly is to heap carrier material, lay bearing plate II between heap carrier material and lifting jack.Consider the stress raisers of jack base to bearing plate, bearing plate has been laid steel pipe, be welded with one piece at each jack base place and strengthened steel plate.
In the present embodiment, charger also comprises simulated rainfall module, simulated rainfall module comprises the dewatering device for controlling rainfall rate and rainfall amount, and dewatering device can adopt the distributed water pipe being arranged on model casing top, and other mode also can be adopted to carry out simulated rainfall.
According to the height of the size of heap(ed) capacity, form and reaction frame, can select different loading schemes, the contrast of each loading scheme is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
In the present embodiment, boring 2 preferably adopts the mode of the shaping rear boring of sliding bed 5 shaping, if but boring 2 inconvenience, the mode of service sleeve in sliding bed 5 can be adopted to carry out, to the method for service sleeve, consider reusing of inclined hole, before pre-buried, first bushing outer surface can be coated with butter, then use the thick plastic film wrapped of 2mm; When building sliding bed by laying bricks or stones, the sand-cement slurry thickness of sleeve pipe outer wrapping is not less than 2cm, and after mortar initial set, rotating casing is to reduce the cohesive force of mortar.
In the present embodiment, side slope is filled by carrying out tamping in layers to model casing, to after filling up model casing through cutting domatic.Preferably, when in model casing, the mode of tamping in layers is filled, every layer of thick 20cm of soil.After filling up model casing, then undertaken cutting slope by slope angle requirement.Leave standstill backfill soil after 2 days, then put into COFT, the sectional dimension of COFT, material, numbering such as table 2 show.In the test of the present embodiment, coating steel pipe, limit grouting are pulled out in limit, and grouting material is 1:5 sand-cement slurry.Until grouting recuperate protect 3 days after load, start test.Φ 1 in COFT in table 2, Φ 2 (internal diameter 0.7mm, 1.7mm) capillary tubing, optical fiber is single-mode fiber SMF
| Numbering | Sectional dimension (mm) | Material | Bore diameter (mm) | Test batch |
| 1# | 40X40 | EPS | Φ75 | 1 st，2 nd |
| 2# | 40X40 | EPS | Φ75 | 3 rd |
| 3# | 40X40 | PVC | Φ75 | 1 st，2 nd |
| 4# | 40X40 | PVC | Φ75 | 3 rd |
| 5# | 40X40 | PVC | Φ90 | 3 rd |
Table 2
In the present embodiment, also test inclined hole, glide plane is sand-cement slurry surface.Because the level inclination of inclined hole is very little, have employed pressure grouting machine and be in the milk.For ensureing the generation on landslide, carry out twice test altogether.
First time test:
The mode of sand preloading is adopted to load.Sandbag is the standard bag making 50Kg/ bag in advance.In the process of heap, for increasing heap carrying capacity, adopting the mode preloading of successively encorbelmenting, finally having piled 90 bag sandbags, but almost do not monitored the distortion of side slope.Used lifting jack afterwards instead to load, when load is added to 80KN, test monitoring data also only have small change.
Second time test:
Consider that sliding bed friction factor is too large, the soil body of test is more, on the basis of first time test model, slope soil is reamed 1 meter, still load with lifting jack, heap(ed) capacity is followed successively by 5kN, 10kN, 20kN, 30kN, 40kN, 60kN, 80kN, 100kN, 120kN, 140kN, when load is added to 150KN, side slope starts slippage, off-test.
When being loaded into 100kN in test, trailing edge loading position place, top, slope, there is Vertical Cracks in the soil body, along with continuation loads crack development, occur sliding failure when being added to 150kN, hydraulic jack is difficult to stable loading, has the trend of unloading always, need ceaselessly to pressurize, and slope body continues to glide always.
For the different bore size of further comparative study is on the impact of COFT performance and monitoring effect, carry out third time experiment: bored 3 upright openings with rig, hole depth 1 meter, diameter is respectively Φ 75, Φ 90, Φ 75.For the load impact that checking glide plane friction factor produces landslide, the glide plane of upright opening test has completely spread a thick corrosion resistant plate of 1.5mm on the glide plane of inclined hole.
Test the banketing of side slope, slope angle, size are still identical with inclined hole model.Owing to adding the boring monitoring device of a Φ 90, for ensureing that composite optical fiber device can be cut off, before soil body backfill, be sidelong the scale board of a 1.7*0.6*0.01 rice in boring near bearing plate one.The third mix-loaded scheme is selected in the loading of test.Find in experiment, when load is added to about 40kN, loads rear edge surface on top, slope and occur crack; Along with the increase of load, fracture width becomes large gradually, and No. 1 bearing plate thrusts the soil body gradually.Occur to destroy when load is added to 140kN slope body and cannot continues to load, slope body starts slippage.
For ease of comparing, test the slope shoulder level that records and vertical displacement data gather by second time, for the third time.No matter be vertical or horizontal shift, the difference of the right and left recorded after off-test is all not more than 3%, and the mean value of both employings is as shift value herein.It is numbered: A, B are respectively vertical, the horizontal shift of second time test, and C, D are respectively vertical, the horizontal shift of third time test.As Fig. 1 shows.The horizontal shift difference of twice test is less, but vertical displacement differs greatly, and the final vertical displacement of second time test reaches 15mm, and the only 3.5mm that third time tests.This is because second time tests the soil body having cut away 1 meter, side slope generation vertical displacement is more prone to.In the early stage (<15kPa) loaded, side slope does not almost produce displacement; In the later stage (>50kPa) loaded, the displacement speedup of side slope is accelerated, and side slope presents rapid damage trend.For matched curve, except secondary vertical displacement and load are obvious linear relationship, the relation of other 3 displacements and load all needs to carry out matching with 2 curves.COFT according to table 2 numbers, and the loss of the load of twice test from different numbering optical fiber is gathered.Because the value of #2 and #4 fibre loss is close with rule, therefore, only summarize loss and the load result of #1, #2, #3 optical fiber of twice test, 5 COFT, as Fig. 2 shows, a represents #1 optical fiber, and b represents #2 optical fiber, and c represents #3 optical fiber.At the loading initial stage, the optical fiber of 5 COFT does not all monitor loss, and does not now almost also monitor slope shoulder displacement, and this is mainly because slope soil leakiness, and the loading in early stage is mainly used in the densification of the soil body.Treat soil body densification, COFT starts stand under load, cut off, slope shoulder displacement and fibre loss produce thereupon.No matter be #1 or #2, #3 optical fiber, in the loading later stage, its loss all presents the trend increased fast; In the monitoring later stage, each COFT fibre loss change obvious degree when same displacement is followed successively by 5#>4#>2#.For #1 and #2 optical fiber, the order producing loss value is all 2#, 4#, then is 5#, and for #3 optical fiber, this order is then 5#, 4# and 2#, and the judgement for load direction of motion is described, the COFT of EPS material is better than PVC's.
As shown in Figure 3, in the experiment of third time upright opening, 3 devices are all that first #1 optical fiber loss occurs, and being then #2 and #4 optical fiber, is finally #3 optical fiber, demonstrate COFT and can judge slope this feature of body glide direction.Optical fiber is produced to the succession of loss, identical with 1#, 2# device, base material is the more obvious of the ratio PVC of EPS, and this illustrates that the COFT of EPS is better than PVC's in the direction of motion judgement of landslide to a certain extent.The matched curve of 3 device experiment results also needs 2 curves just to have very high correlativity.For identical bore size, the related coefficient of the matched curve of PVC material is greater than EPS's; But same base material, it is large that the related coefficient of the matched curve that bore size is little is greater than bore size.Grouting material in 3 borings of upright opening is all very full, and the maximum loss of optical fiber also nearly 10dB, therefore adopts upright opening to improve than inclined hole experiment effect.
In the present embodiment, glide plane surface is covered with float coat, and described float coat is coated with dividing plate, preferably, for ensureing that boring and glide plane are the form of inclined hole and upright opening, adopts the form of artificial sliding bed and glide plane to construct Landslide Model.Sliding bed adopts shale brick, masonry of cement mortar, at sliding bed surface 1:1 cement sand plaster, proposes slurry, press polish to construct glide plane.Glide plane curve is the curve of the circular shape determined according to slices method, also can be set to oblique line by actual demand.For the test effect of more different glide plane, experimentally, can to the process of glide plane diverse ways, the present embodiment adopts the thick corrosion resistant plate of 1.5mm to be completely layered on glide plane, to reduce its friction factor.
In the present embodiment, simulation box also comprises enclosure device, enclosure device is fixed on model casing two sides, preferably, adopt the double-deck tempered glass of 8+8, in order to the security and lifting jack easy to use ensureing preloading loads, the present embodiment have employed reaction frame, encrypt the spacing between reaction frame pillar simultaneously, make it both can be used as the railing ensureing preloading safety, also can as the transmission rod of dispersion jack load.Because side slope model is fixing sliding bed, the free face of side slope will be convenient to banket and data acquisition, and therefore, tempered glass is only at the long side direction lay of model casing, and short side direction is not laid.For ensureing experiment safety, tempered glass glass cement is fixed on the steel tube surface of model casing.Meanwhile, filling and more clearly observing the development on landslide for ease of side slope, the tempered glass of model casing both sides marked the mesh lines of level.
In the present embodiment, described monitoring modular comprises for obtaining the motion of Landslide Model and the composite optical fiber device of deformation signal and the displacement monitor for monitoring the displacement of glide plane apparent motion when landslide occurs, and described displacement monitor is fiber grating shear displacemant measurement mechanism.Displacement monitor in the present embodiment is arranged on glide plane, bottom build-in is in glide plane, and slope soil is imbedded on top, due to slope sliding, slided in top, and then drive the fiber grating displacement of the inside and monitored data by spectrometer, its diameter is about 10-15cm, height about 20cm, spectral technique is adopted to monitor, because fiber grating has the effect of similar foil gauge, sensitivity is very high, and have corrosion-resistant, electromagnetism interference, electrical insulating property are good, can the advantage such as distributed measurement.When fiber grating is subject to axial stress or influence of temperature change, the physical dimension of fiber grating will change, and cause the change of effective refractive index and screen periods constant, and then change bragg wavelength, as shown in the formula:
Wherein, P
efor fiber grating elasto-optical coefficient, Δ ε is strain variation,
for fiber optic materials thermo-optical coeffecient ratio, a is the thermal expansivity of the matrix material of fiber grating attachment, and Δ T is temperature variation.
Therefore, by above-mentioned formula can set up grating wavelength change and strain or temperature between transitive relation.
As shown in Figure 5, adopt in the present embodiment based on etc. rectangular elastomer fiber grating shear displacemant measurement mechanism, grating FBG is pasted at the upper and lower both ends of the surface center of equi intensity cantilever, adopt grating that two root architectures are close in order to the impact of compensation temperature, the amount of deflection of semi-girder free end changed into the wavelength variations of grating thus set up wavelength-displacement corresponding relation.In the present embodiment, the change of the wavelength difference of upper and lower two gratings is adopted can to increase the sensing sensitivity of semi-girder to twice.In order to ensure the steady operation of cantilever beam sensor, put in the pvc pipe of Φ 50, pvc pipe center section is taked to be flexible coupling, and cantilever beam sensor lower end and pvc pipe lower end are fixed together, and upper end adopts hinge and pvc pipe to link together.Then encapsulate the pvc pipe of a Φ 75 outward again at pvc pipe, centre is watered and is wrapped up in one deck mortar and make its external diameter reach Φ 75.The pvc pipe that cantilever beam sensor is housed is put into boring, finally carries out mortar and build.Displacement shear and side slope can be made like this to link together closely.In the present embodiment, fiber grating is fixed on semi-girder upper and lower surface, and upper surface optical grating reflection centre wavelength moves toward long wavelength direction, and lower surface reflection kernel wavelength moves toward short wavelength direction.Preferably, semi-girder adopts stainless steel to make, and length is 300mm, goes to the bottom as 50mm, upper base are 5mm, and thick is 1mm.
What finally illustrate is, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although with reference to preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from aim and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. come down a simulation system, it is characterized in that: comprise model casing, be arranged in model casing for simulate landslide Landslide Model, for described to Landslide Model load application make Landslide Model produce slide charger and for detect landslide slide monitoring modular;
Described Landslide Model comprises sliding bed, glide plane and is arranged on soil body glide plane also being formed and has top, slope and edge slope structure, and described glide plane surface is through the process of reduction friction factor, and described glide plane is provided with boring.
2. come down simulation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described charger comprises bearing plate I and heap carrier material, and load is evenly passed to Landslide Model by bearing plate I by described heap carrier material.
3. come down simulation system according to claim 1, and it is characterized in that: described charger comprises bearing plate II and lifting jack, load is passed to Landslide Model by bearing plate II by described lifting jack.
4. come down simulation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described charger comprises bearing plate I, bearing plate II, heap carrier material and lifting jack, load is passed to heap carrier material by bearing plate II by described lifting jack, and load is evenly passed to Landslide Model by bearing plate I by described heap carrier material.
5. come down simulation system according to the arbitrary claim of claim 1-4, and it is characterized in that: described charger also comprises simulated rainfall module, described simulated rainfall module comprises the dewatering device for controlling rainfall rate and rainfall amount.
6. come down simulation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described monitoring modular comprises for obtaining the motion of Landslide Model and the composite optical fiber device of deformation signal and the displacement monitor for monitoring the displacement of glide plane apparent motion when landslide occurs, and described displacement monitor is fiber grating shear displacemant measurement mechanism.
7. come down simulation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described side slope is filled by carrying out tamping in layers to model casing, to after filling up model casing through cutting domatic.
8. come down simulation system according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described boring processes or service sleeve formation in sliding bed in the shaping rear drilling of the sliding bed of Landslide Model.
9. come down simulation system according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described glide plane surface is covered with float coat, described float coat is coated with the dividing plate for reducing friction factor, the circular shape curved surface that described glide plane is inclined-plane or arranges according to slices method.
10. come down simulation system according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: also comprise enclosure device and guard rail, and described enclosure device is fixed on model casing two sides, and described guard rail is for ensureing preloading safety and the reaction frame bearing load.
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