CN1937005A - Pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping simulation device - Google Patents
Pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping simulation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1937005A CN1937005A CN 200610022064 CN200610022064A CN1937005A CN 1937005 A CN1937005 A CN 1937005A CN 200610022064 CN200610022064 CN 200610022064 CN 200610022064 A CN200610022064 A CN 200610022064A CN 1937005 A CN1937005 A CN 1937005A
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Abstract
The simulator includes following parts and structures: water storage tank with water pump; simulation chamber with floor plate being retained at horizon; water supply cavity inside the simulation chamber; simulation cavity with water bearing; pumping well; top impermeable layer is on superface of water bearing; pervious mesh boards; flooding backwater cavity in constant head flooding chamber located at upstream end is connected to water storage tank; flooding backwater cavity in pumping flooding chamber located at down stream end is connected to water storage tank; at least three sets of glass tube for measuring pressure are installed on wall of simulation cavity; passing through wall of simulation cavity, ends of flexible tubes connected to bottoms of tubes of measuring pressure are inserted to water bearing. The invention can determine hydrogeologic parameter and water output from water bearing, reveals state of seepage, water bearing and structure of pumping well.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention is relevant with the pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping simulation device of research ground water movement rule.
Background technology:
When the research ground water movement, often adopt mathematical method, its prerequisite is that water-bearing zone or aqueous system have been made a series of generalization and restrictive condition is found the solution down, if these generalization and restrictive condition still can reflect the principal character in actual water-bearing zone, to separate be available to mathematical analysis so.
But to actual water-bearing zone, if its heterogeneity, anisotropy and complicated boundary geometry do not allow to do too much generalization, so, mathematical method just is difficult to use, and mathematical method is more abstract, and the beginner is beyonded one's depth.So the employing analogy method is studied the ground water movement rule under the complex conditions.Wherein physical simulation is the normal method that adopts.In the last few years, because production unit is busy with finishing the production task of self, be difficult to receive the teachers and students of universities and colleges scientific research and on-the-spot teaching practice, and the field condition bailing test is costly, therefore be necessary to strengthen breadboard scientific research and practical teaching, to remedy the deficiency of field condition test, practice.The particularly experiment of some analog simulation Wenshui geology entities and seepage action of ground water aspect.
Bailing test is one of important action in hydrogeological field, can determine hydrogeological parameter, calculates the water-bearing zone aquifer yield.The aquifer yield in above parameter and water-bearing zone is that underground water is carried out resource evaluation, and groundwater environment capacity and pollution prediction are estimated teaching mode and set up the capsule information that are absolutely necessary.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is for a kind of underground piestic water physical model to complete penetration of well steady seepage when drawing water of simulating and study is provided, can determine hydrogeological parameter and calculate the water-bearing zone aquifer yield, the clear pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping simulation device that represents seepage action of ground water state, water-bearing zone and pumped well structure that nature can't observe.
Pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping simulation device of the present invention, comprise the reserve tank of being with water pump, base plate keeps the simulation box of level, the water supply chamber that contains water supply hole is arranged in the simulation box, the simulation chamber that the water-bearing zone is arranged, the pumped well that contains suction eye, at the water-bearing zone end face water proof top board parallel with base plate arranged, the shape of cross section in simulation chamber is fan-shaped, simulation chamber and water supply chamber, between simulation chamber and pumped well base plate permeable mesh plate is arranged, the head spill box of deciding that overflow groove is arranged that is arranged in the simulation box upstream extremity is positioned at the outer water cavity that overflows back of overflow groove the spout hole that communicates with reserve tank by pipeline is arranged, deciding has the inlet opening that communicates with reserve tank water pump and water supply chamber respectively by pipeline in the overflow groove of head spill box, apopore, the spill box that draws water that overflow groove is arranged that is arranged in simulation case downstream end is positioned at the outer water cavity that overflows back of overflow groove the spout hole that communicates with reserve tank by the overflow flow tube that draws water, drawing water has the inlet opening that is communicated with suction eye in the pumped well by pipeline in the overflow groove of spill box, at least three group piezometric tube vertically are that vertical is contained on the wall of simulation chamber, an end of the pressure measurement flexible pipe that is communicated with the piezometric tube bottom passes in the wall insertion water-bearing zone, simulation chamber respectively, the water supply chamber, the simulation chamber, adopt permeable mesh plate to isolate between pumped well, permeable not saturating sand.
Above-mentioned simulation chamber shape of cross section is that central angle is the fan-shaped of 18 ° or 20 °, makes the simulation box length and width rational in infrastructure, can show phreatic seepage flow state, and is convenient to observe, and as required, central angle can suitably amplify or dwindle.
Above-mentioned piezometric tube is seven groups, spaced set is on the wall of simulation chamber, every group of piezometric tube is two, and top, bottom that the other end of two pressure measurement flexible pipes that are communicated with every group of piezometric tube bottom inserts the same section in water-bearing zone respectively can show the form of piestic water women's head-ornaments when drawing water.
Above-mentioned place, simulation box upstream and downstream has respectively can regulate the water-level regulator of deciding the head spill box, drawing water the spill box height, thus the hydraulic gradient of scalable infiltration current.
The threaded nut, the bearing that are contained in the simulation box upper and lower end are arranged in the above-mentioned water-level regulator, the threaded journal stirrup that is connected with spill box, adjusting screw(rod) one end pass successively on nut, the journal stirrup screw thread and with stretch into bearing.
Above-mentioned water-bearing zone thickness is at least 40cm, and high artesian head is 75cm, can satisfy the requirement of trying to achieve hydrogeological parameter in the experiment.
The flowmeter that is communicated with the overflow of drawing water, flow tube is arranged in the above-mentioned analogue means.
Above-mentioned pumped well sidewall is equipped with scale, is convenient to observe the water level in the pumped well.
Above-mentioned simulation box adopts transparent material to make, and is convenient to observe aquifer structure, phreatic seepage flow state.
Apparatus of the present invention can be standard quartz sand (also can adopt the sample in open-air water-bearing zone as required) simulation homogeneous, the isotropic aquifer of 0.5～1mm with particle diameter.
Deciding the head spill box is positioned at outside the upstream of simulation box, scalable is decided the water overflow height, to satisfy different head requirement in the experiment, wherein overflow groove links to each other with the water supply chamber by pipeline and forms the unified hydrodynamic(al) field of force, and overflow groove links to each other with water pump in the reserve tank by pipeline again.Unnecessary experimental water returns reserve tank by run-down pipe, by this water system, can obtain the stationary flow of different heads, to satisfy demand in the experiment.
Pumped well is positioned at simulation downstream, chamber, and the underground water in the simulation water-bearing zone of flowing through can enter in the pumped well equably, and there is scale the pumped well side simultaneously, can survey at any time and read water level.
The spill box that draws water is positioned at the outside, downstream in simulation chamber, wherein overflow groove is communicated with moving of the unified waterpower of formation by pipeline with pumped well, the underground water of extracting out by with overflow back the overflow flow tube that water cavity is communicated with and get back in the reserve tank, also can introduce container measures its flow or connects low water head high precision flow mensuration flow, but the spill box height up and down that draws water is to satisfy water level and the flow of stablizing pumped well in the experiment.
Be surface level and different angle dip plane with the piestic water women's head-ornaments of water-level regulator in can regulation-control model among the present invention.
The artesian head value that shows each corresponding pressure measurement section in the well stream test block among the present invention with piezometric tube, piezometric tube also is equivalent to the water-level observation hole of pumped well along the seepage direction laying simultaneously.
Be that the underground water of natural underground water in pressure-bearing whole well motion or model all meets Qiu Buyi piestic water well stream theory to the characteristics of motion of pressure-bearing whole well, can find the solution correlation parameter with Qiu Buyi piestic water well stream formula.
Qiu Buyi piestic water well stream theory is followed in pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping simulation device strictness of the present invention:
(1) adopting particle diameter is standard quartz sand (also can adopt the sample in open-air water-bearing zone as required) simulation homogeneous, the isotropic aquifer of 0.5～1mm.Water proof top board and water proof floor level.
(2) be surface level and dip plane with the water level control piestic water women's head-ornaments of deciding head water-level regulator and pumped well water-level regulator.
(3) in process of the test, there are not the supply and the drainage of the water yield on the way, each water-carrying section flow is constant, but controls the water supply chamber for deciding the head contour of recharge by the water-level regulator of overflow on the circumference of the radius of influence.
(4) She Ji water-bearing zone thickness is at least 40cm, and high artesian head is 75cm, can carry out at least 3 drawdowns test, falls dark 5cm-10cm at every turn, can guarantee that like this water-bearing zone is always piestic water.
Apparatus of the present invention are followed the principle of analog simulation;
(1) geometric similarity
Length element all in apparatus of the present invention and the nature seepage flow zone is proportional.
If with a
lExpression length ratio coefficient then has
L wherein
N, B
N, M
NLength, width and the thickness in expression nature seepage flow zone, L
M, B
M, M
MLength, width and the thickness of expression percolation model, H
NBe natural seepage flow head, H
MHead for percolation model.
Satisfy the apparatus of the present invention on the formula, will keep geometric similarity with nature seepage flow zone.
(2) dynamic similarity
It is identical with the character of the suffered power of respective liquid particle in the nature seepage flow to be apparatus of the present invention, and keeps certain proportion.
Because the exhausted major part of natural seepage flow is a laminar flow, phreatic flowing is that viscous force is playing a major role, and inertial force is more much smaller than viscous force, can ignore.Therefore, as long as make the seepage flow in the model also keep laminar flow.
(3) boundary condition unanimity
When the nature pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping, current flow in the well from 360 ° of directions, as build one 360 ° simulation well in the laboratory, then floor area is big, the cost height, visual bad, and test is difficult to regulation and control, for the ease of observation and experiment feasibility, 1/18 or 1/20 of 360 ° of wells have been cut, promptly a fan-shaped stick of 20 ° or 18 ° is as simulated object, underground water laws of motion therein is consistent with laws of motion in 360 ° of wells, but also the structure of being convenient to observe water-bearing zone and pumped well, underground water circulation approach and motion key element, and can regulate and control the experiment current easily, phreatic seepage flow state when forming pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping.Measured flow multiply by 18 or 20 flows that can represent 360 ° of wells.
(4) characteristics of motion is similar
Be that apparatus of the present invention are similar with the trace of respective liquid particle in the nature seepage flow, and fluid particle flow through respective traces section required time should be proportional.Pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping simulation device, simulated drilling well and punched water proof top board and water-bearing zone to water-bearing zone base plate (water-resisting layer) current flowing in the well all around from well, steady flow theory according to Qiu Buyi, when in pressure-bearing whole well, carrying out after the long period draws water, dynamic water level in the well and aquifer yield all can reach steady state (SS), around pumped well, also can form well-regulated stable pressure water head cone of depression simultaneously, the R of funnel is called the radius of influence, underwater depreciation S in the well cries drawdown, and the water yield Q that draws water from well claims water yield of well.
Therefore be that natural underground water all meets Qiu Buyi piestic water well stream theory to the motion or the underground water in the model of pressure-bearing whole well to the characteristics of motion of pressure-bearing whole well, can find the solution correlation parameter with Qiu Buyi piestic water well stream formula.
Rule to the complete penetration of well stable motion when piestic water draws water can be described with Qiu Buyi piestic water well stream formula:
In the formula: K-infiltration coefficient (cm/s)
M-confined aquifer thickness (cm)
S-WIH position drop-out value (cm)
R-radius of influence (cm)
r
w-well radius (cm)
Pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping simulation device of the present invention is exactly with open-air pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping test, dwindle the physical model of making by a certain percentage, model can reproduce the process of pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping, simulated the state of artesian groundwater to the complete penetration of well motion, require element to observe to each motion in the model then, the result that will observe amplifies by a certain percentage again, corresponding motion key element in the time of just can obtaining with the nature pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping.Apparatus of the present invention can be measured relevant hydrogeological parameter and calculate water-bearing zone aquifer yield, the clear seepage flow state that nature can't observe, the structure of water-bearing zone and pumped well of representing.For research underground water provides a kind of effective means to the pressure-bearing whole well motion,
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the A of Fig. 1 is to view.
Fig. 3 is that the B of Fig. 1 is to view.
Fig. 4 is the C-C sectional view of Fig. 1.
Embodiment:
Referring to Fig. 1～Fig. 4, water pump 2 is housed in the reserve tank 1.Simulation box 3 is loaded on the support that is positioned at the reserve tank top and base plate remains level.The simulation box wall is made with organic glass.Two permeable mesh plates 4 are separated into water supply chamber 5, the pumped well 6 that is positioned at upstream and downstream with simulation box, are positioned at the simulation chamber 7 of 6 of water supply chamber 5 and pumped wells.The shape of cross section in simulation chamber 7 is illustrated in figure 3 as the fan-shaped of central angle alpha=20 °, and the water-bearing zone 8 of thickness 40cm is wherein arranged.End face in the water-bearing zone has the water proof top board 36 parallel with base plate, and water-resisting layer 37 is arranged on the water proof top board.Piezometric tube 9 equidistant vertically being loaded on the wall of simulation chamber of seven groups of band scales 33 can be measured the water level of 7 water-bearing zone sections.Every group of two isometrical piezometric tube, thus the other end of two pressure measurement flexible pipes 10 that are communicated with piezometric tube bottom in every group passes simulation chamber wall respectively and inserts the top of the same section in water-bearing zone and the artesian head value that each section top, water-bearing zone, bottom can be measured in the bottom.Head spill box water-level regulator 11 is decided in the adjusting that is arranged in place, simulation box upstream and downstream, the spill box water-level regulator 12 that draws water has nut 13, the bearing 14 that is contained in the simulation box upper and lower end respectively, with the threaded journal stirrup 15 of deciding head spill box 26 or the spill box 27 that draws water is connected, the lower end of adjusting screw(rod) 16 screw thread is successively passed nut, journal stirrup and is stretched in the bearing and can rotate, and handwheel 17 is equipped with in the upper end of adjusting screw(rod).Rotation makes journal stirrup rotate up and down along adjusting screw(rod) thereby wheel drive adjusting screw(rod) is started in rotating, and regulates the height of water-level regulator.Overflow plate 40 will be decided head spill box 26 and be separated into overflow groove 18, overflows back water cavity 23.Inlet opening 21, the apopore 22 that communicates with reserve tank water pump and water supply chamber by drinking-water pipe 19, feed pipe 20 respectively arranged at overflow groove 18 bottoms.Spout hole 24 is arranged at outer water cavity 23 bottoms that overflow back of overflow groove, and the other end of deciding water run-down pipe 25 that is communicated with spout hole 24 stretches in the reserve tank.Scale is housed on the pumped well sidewall and suction eye 34 is arranged bottom it.The overflow plate 41 that the draws water spill box 27 that will draw water is separated into overflow groove 42 and overflows back water cavity 28.Overflow groove inlet opening 35 is communicated with suction eye in the pumped well by pipeline 38, and spout hole 29 is arranged at water cavity 28 bottoms that overflow back of overflow groove, and the other end of the overflow flow tube 30 that is communicated with spout hole 29 stretches in the reserve tank.The other end flow tube 31 of overflow flow tube 30 inserts in the low water head high precision flow 32 with measurement of discharge.Sequence number 39 is the water level detecting point among Fig. 4.The supply and drain water system of closed cycle is by reserve tank, water pump, liftablely decides the confession of head, the spill box that draws water is formed.Can make the simulation water-bearing zone obtain the stable experimental water of different heads by this system.Experimental water is back to reserve tank through water return pipeline, and experimental water can be recycled, and does not need external water supply, discharge pipe line, make apparatus structure tightly rapid, take up an area of few, conveniently moving, and can save the civil engineering costs of building high-order water tower and water supply, water discharge line and save a large amount of experimental waters.The cost and the operating cost of device are reduced greatly.3 meters of this systematic water level lifts, flow are 1L/s.
Underground water was a kind of physical model of model object to the hydrogeological entity of the complete stable motion of pressure-bearing when the present embodiment device drew water with the field, be equivalent to simulation 360 ° of wells 1/18, i.e. one fan-shaped block of 20 °.Underground water is laws of motion therein, with laws of motion in 360 ° of wells is consistent, also be convenient to observe structure, underground water circulation approach and the motion key element of water-bearing zone and pumped well and can regulate and control the experiment current easily, phreatic seepage flow state when forming pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping.Measured flow q multiply by the 18 flow Q that can represent 360 ° of wells promptly:
Q＝18＝×q
In the formula: Q---the complete 360 ° of well yield (cm of pressure-bearing
3/ s)
Q---the complete 20 ° of well yield (cm of pressure-bearing
3/ s)
Pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping simulation is by each motion key element in the model is observed, and its result amplifies by a certain percentage, to obtain and the corresponding motion key element of nature pressure-bearing whole well.The present invention has followed the principle of analog simulation.That is the principle of geometric similarity, kinematic similitude, dynamic similarity, boundary similarity.
When adopting the present embodiment device to make bailing test:
1, energized is opened water valve, regulates the height that the head spill box is decided in the upstream, and the water level that makes the water supply chamber is a little less than the simulation box end face, and the water level that remains the water supply chamber in the process of the test is constant.
2, reduce the spill box that draws water, make to form less drawdown S in the well, about 5cm-10cm for the first time.(note in the piezometric tube bubble or level of dead water being arranged) after treating piezometric tube water level and stability of flow, observe;
(1) the low reason of relative superiority or inferiority on each piezometric level on each section SEA LEVEL VARIATION and the same vertical section in the water flow process.
(2) difference of corresponding each piezometric level on the different section of comparative analysis upstream and downstream, the downstream is greater than the reason of upstream.
3, determining instrument parameter and piezometric level and flow.
(1) measures the pumped well radius r
w, each section is to pumped well centre distance L
1～L
7, and record.
(2) read each piezometric level and record.
(3) keep pumped well spill box position, supply tank chamber not move, measure flow, record data at the water delivering orifice of pumped well spill box.
(4) measure flow: keep water supply chamber water level constant, reduce pumped well water level twice, each 5cm-10cm repeats the operation of (2) and (3).
(5) measure actual velocity of groundwater: inject red tracer agent in the water supply chamber, observe the time that arrives the 7th～the 1st section respectively, and record.
4, according to measured discharge Q, confined aquifer thickness M, WIH position drop-out value S and radius of influence R, adopt Qiu Buyi piestic water well stream formula to find the solution infiltration coefficient, and record.
Qiu Buyi well stream formula is;
In the formula: in the formula: K-infiltration coefficient (cm/s)
M-confined aquifer thickness (cm)
S-WIH position drop-out value (cm)
R-radius of influence (cm)
r
w-well radius (cm)
Q---pressure-bearing whole well aquifer yield (cm
3/ s)
5, according to h
7, h
1Sectional observation hole mean water is with the artesian head value and the record of head Equation for Calculating the 6th～the 2nd section.
The head equation is:
In the formula: h
1---the artesian head value of arbitrary cross-section
h
7---section water-bearing zone, upstream artesian head value
h
1---downstream end section water-bearing zone artesian head value (cm)
r
7---sectional observation hole, upstream is to pumped well centre distance (cm)
r
1---sectional observation hole, downstream is to pumped well centre distance (cm)
Can ask the phreatic seepage flow state in the pump process of observing by the present embodiment device, checking Qiu Buyi piestic water well stream formula.Find the solution the correlation parameter in water-bearing zone by measured data.
The foregoing description is that foregoing of the present invention is further described, but this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention only limits to the foregoing description.All technology that realizes based on foregoing all belong to scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1, pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping simulation device, it is characterized in that comprising the reserve tank of being with water pump, base plate keeps the simulation box of level, the water supply chamber that contains water supply hole is arranged in the simulation box, the simulation chamber that the water-bearing zone is arranged, the pumped well that contains suction eye, at the water-bearing zone end face water proof top board parallel with base plate arranged, the shape of cross section in simulation chamber is fan-shaped, simulation chamber and water supply chamber, between simulation chamber and the pumped well permeable mesh plate is arranged, the head spill box of deciding that overflow groove is arranged that is arranged in the simulation box upstream extremity is positioned at the outer water cavity that overflows back of overflow groove the spout hole that communicates with reserve tank by run-down pipe is arranged, deciding has the inlet opening that communicates with reserve tank water pump and water supply chamber respectively by pipeline in the overflow groove of head spill box, apopore, the spill box that draws water that overflow groove is arranged that is arranged in simulation case downstream is positioned at the outer water cavity that overflows back of overflow groove the spout hole that communicates with reserve tank by the overflow flow tube that draws water, drawing water has the inlet opening that is communicated with suction eye in the pumped well by pipeline in the overflow groove of spill box, at least three group piezometric tube vertically are contained on the wall of simulation chamber, and an end of the pressure measurement flexible pipe that is communicated with the piezometric tube bottom passes in the wall insertion water-bearing zone, simulation chamber respectively.
2, pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping simulation device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that simulating the chamber shape of cross section and is central angle and be the fan-shaped of 18 ° or 20 °.
3, pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping simulation device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that piezometric tube is seven groups, spaced set is on the wall of simulation chamber, every group of piezometric tube is two, top, bottom that the other end of two pressure measurement flexible pipes that are communicated with every group of piezometric tube bottom inserts the same section in water-bearing zone respectively.
4, pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping simulation device as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that simulation box upstream and downstream places has respectively can regulate the water-level regulator of deciding the head spill box, drawing water the spill box height.
5, pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping simulation device as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that having in the water-level regulator the threaded nut, the bearing that are contained in the simulation box upper and lower end, the threaded journal stirrup that is connected with spill box, adjusting screw(rod) one end pass the screw thread on nut, the journal stirrup successively and stretch in the bearing and can rotate.
6, pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping simulation device as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that water-bearing zone thickness is at least 40cm, and high artesian head is 75cm.
7, pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping simulation device as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that the flowmeter that is communicated with the overflow of drawing water, flow tube is arranged.
8, pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping simulation device as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that the pumped well sidewall is equipped with scale.
9, pressure-bearing whole well water-pumping simulation device as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that simulation box adopts transparent material to make.
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| CN105301058A (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2016-02-03 | 成都理工大学 | Imaging testing system for monitoring pollution dynamic condition of underground water and monitoring method of pollution dynamic condition of underground water |
| CN105225600A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-01-06 | 南京师范大学 | Flow anomaly mechanism simulation experimental provision |
| CN105547966A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-05-04 | 成都理工大学 | Aeration zone and saturated zone percolation experiment device under control of intermittent river |
| CN108198498A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-22 | 防灾科技学院 | Earthquake-tide effect lower simulator and analogy method of the inshore with seepage action of ground water |
| CN108198498B (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-12-13 | 防灾科技学院 | Simulation device and simulation method for underground water seepage of offshore shore zone under earthquake-sea tide action |
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