CN109673195A - A method of for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem - Google Patents
A method of for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem Download PDFInfo
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- CN109673195A CN109673195A CN201910032761.8A CN201910032761A CN109673195A CN 109673195 A CN109673195 A CN 109673195A CN 201910032761 A CN201910032761 A CN 201910032761A CN 109673195 A CN109673195 A CN 109673195A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
A method of for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem, belonging to agronomy and ecological engineering technology field.It is comprised the following steps that: 1) on the spot being improved；2) Tree Species Selection；3) it plants trees；4) tending management.A kind of above-mentioned method for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem, design is reasonable, muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem are carried out by this method, soil can effectively be improved, reduce soil salt content, by vegetation coverage, effectively change the primary herbal structure of community in muddy coast salt-soda soil and species diversity, promotes to study area protophyte into a new succession process；Be conducive to biometric safeguard diversity, promote the ecological functions such as water and soil conservation, water conservation, promotes coastal beautiful scenery construction.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agronomy and ecological engineering technology field, and in particular to one kind for muddy coast saline land greening with
The method of restoration of the ecosystem.
Background technique
China has more than 18000 kilometers of mainland coastline, and wherein muddy coast accounts for about 48.5%.Shale beach area by typhoon,
The influences such as storm tide are big, and soil salt content is high, and fresh water is insufficient, and adaptation tree species are few, are all vegetation construction and afforestation in the whole world therefore
The difficult point of greening.The exposed shale beach of large area not only causes natural resources to waste, but also landscape visual effect is bad, environment
Pollution occurs often.In the uncontrollable situation of other conditions, by selecting suitable vegetable material to carry out afforestation and salt
The restoration of the ecosystem of alkali ground, helps to improve the ecological environment, the beautiful coastal scenery of construction, Coordinate development Ecology Precedence and green hair
Exhibition can either construct one of green screen for coastal area, and reinforced region restoration of the ecosystem is prevented and reduced natural disasters, and environment is improved；It again can be with
Reserve land resources are provided, biomass energy is greatly developed, play guarantee facilitation for economic development；Meanwhile on edge
Haiti area constructs scientific and reasonable Ecological safety pattern and is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, it is an object of the invention to design to provide one kind for muddy coast salt-soda soil
The technical solution of greening and ecological restoring method.
A kind of method for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem, it is characterised in that including following work
Skill step:
1) it on the spot improves: according to natural situations such as reproducing area soil, moisture, on the spot being improved, it is raw for standing forest construction and plant
It is long to create suitable environmental condition；
2) Tree Species Selection: adaptation to local conditions selection is suitable for the tree species of local growth, and reasonably combined according to tree species Seasonal dynamics change feature
Evergreen species and deciduous species carry out tree seed optimization configuration, are playing amelioration with protection forest, are reducing wind speed, check winds and fix drifting sand, conserve
While water source, the ecological functions such as conserve water and soil, preferable ecoscape effect is built；
3) it plants trees: the high quality seedling of robust growth being selected to be transplanted, suitable Afforestation Time is spring；
4) tending management: nursery stock is reinforced after afforestation, is supported；Covered ground is carried out using cavings, hay, leaf；In time
Watering, draining, weed with a hoe.
A kind of method for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem, it is characterised in that the step
1) on the spot improve specifically: A) physically improved: weeding and site preparation, weeds after cleaning, which are ploughed under bottom as barrier layer, to be prevented from returning
Salt；Rational deployment irrigation canals and ditches, fill out hollow lift ground, and lowering of watertable carries out the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, salt discharge, quickly reduces soil salt content, specifically
Are as follows: 1. trench digging design: every 100 meters are a standard paragraphs, laterally one gutter of every 5 meters of settings, 40 × 30cm of specification；At interval of
50 meters are opened a longitudinal drainage ditch, 80 × 60cm of specification；2. landform is handled: prepartion of land is carried out according to actual landform, using opening
The earthwork of ditch, because gesture appearance is made into turtleback, gives full play to draining effect in each piece of planting site, and soil moved in improve the original improvement utilizes crop land
Surface soil carries out salt-soda soil soil moved in improve the original and improves reproducing area；B) chemical modifying: application chemically acid fertilizer calcium superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate
With calcareous in activating soil, reduction soil pH value: C) biological modification: interplanting green manure increases decomposed manure, increases soil
Permeability and covered ground measure, are used in mixed way with planting soil, cave bottom are placed on, as separation layer.
A kind of method for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem, it is characterised in that the step
2) Tree Species Selection in specifically: based on xylophyta, evergreen, deciduous species collocation, tall shrub is combined；It is with indigenous tree
Main body, Experiment in Introduction successfully external resistant wood species and leguminous plant.
A kind of method for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem, it is characterised in that the step
3) it afforests method particularly includes: rationally determine kind of plant hole specification: 50 × 50 × 50cm of arbor, shrub: 40 × 40 × 40cm；Before afforestation
Improve the soil: using soil moved in improve the original；2. 5 cave kg/ of cage chaff, organic fertilizer arbor: 5 caves kg/, shrub: 2.5 caves kg/ are applied in cave；It is appropriate close
Plant: arbor species 2.5 × 2m of density, shrub species density are 1 × 1m；Appropriate surface planting is kept away along equal with ground on ball when field planting
Exempt from too deep by salt damage；Evergreen species nursery stock sparse branching priming leaf in plant, to reduce moisture evaporation；It treads, sprinkles profoundly water after earthing.
A kind of method for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem, it is characterised in that the step
4) tending management method particularly includes: plant seedlings rear protecting: first entering 1 m depth in soil to oblique cutting windward with bamboo pole, then using cloth
Or fine cordage tightens, and trees is prevented to be linked to be an entirety with bamboo pole from shaking, then in the vertical and horizontal of the woods, it is anti-to enhance
Wind energy power；Covered ground is carried out to nursery stock after afforestation: carrying out covered ground using rice chaff, plant straw pole or plantation ground cover plant,
Soil moisture conservation humidification, improves the survival rate of trees；It loosens the soil in time, adds organic fertilizer or physiological acidic fertilizer；Liquid manure pipe is carried out after plant
Reason and nursery stock protection, young growth management.
A kind of method for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem, it is characterised in that the afforestation
Vegetable material are as follows: arbor: horse-tail, Luan Shu, Chinese scholar tree, soapberry, golden silk willow, tree-of-heaven, locust tree, glossy privet, evergreen Chinese wax, villus
Chinese wax, middle mountain China fir, dry land willow, China tree, American elm；Shrub: Hibiscus hamabo, oleander, Chinese mahonia, false indigo, fructus lycii, Chinese tamarisk；Grass
This: shamrock, alfalfa, Korea lawn grass, sesbania, clover, rye grass.
A kind of method for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem, it is characterised in that the nursery stock
It is required that robust growth, tree-like complete, no disease and pests harm, the nursery stock place of production belongs to same provenance；Nursery stock specification requirement: arbor diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 2cm
More than, height 2m or more, and there are hat widths；Shrub height 1~1.2m, hat width 0.6m or more；Soil ball specification: arbor is by the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground
8 times, shrub press ground diameter 6 times of determining soil ball sizes.
A kind of above-mentioned method for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem, design rationally, pass through this method
Muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem are carried out, soil can be effectively improved, soil salt content is reduced, is covered by vegetation
Lid rate effectively changes the primary herbal structure of community in muddy coast salt-soda soil and species diversity, promotes to study area's original
Plant enters a new succession process；Be conducive to biometric safeguard diversity, promote the ecological function such as water and soil conservation, water conservation
Can, promote coastal beautiful scenery construction.
Specific embodiment
Further illustrate the present invention with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1: a method of for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem
1) on the spot improved first, specifically use physically improved, chemical modifying and biological modification, wherein A) physically improved: it removes
Grass and site preparation, weeds after cleaning, which are ploughed under bottom as barrier layer, prevents the accumulation of salt in the surface soil；Rational deployment irrigation canals and ditches fill out hollow lift ground, reduce ground
Lower water level carries out the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, salt discharge, quickly reduces soil salt content, concrete operations position: 1. trench digging design: every 100 meters are a mark
Quasi- section, one gutter of lateral every 5 meters of settings, 40 × 30cm of specification；A longitudinal drainage ditch is opened at interval of 50 meters, specification 80 ×
60cm；2. landform is handled: prepartion of land is carried out according to actual landform, using the earthwork of trench digging in each piece of planting site because of gesture appearance
It is made into turtleback, gives full play to draining effect；Soil moved in improve the original improvement carries out salt-soda soil soil moved in improve the original using agro-farming ground surface soil and improves reproducing area；
B) chemical modifying: application chemically acid fertilizer calcium superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate etc. are with calcareous in activating soil, reduction soil
PH value；C) biological modification: interplanting green manure (sesbania, barley, shamrock etc.) increases decomposed manure, increases soil permeability
And the measures such as covered ground (weeds, green manure cut to plough deeply after blueness and bury), it is used in mixed way with planting soil, cave bottom is placed on, as isolation
Layer.
2) matching species with the site principle is followed, suitable for plant material is selected.Tree Species Selection: evergreen, fall based on xylophyta
Leaf, tall shrub combine；Based on indigenous tree, the successful external resistant wood species of appropriate Experiment in Introduction.Nursery stock requires growth
Healthy and strong, tree-like complete, no disease and pests harm, the nursery stock place of production belong to same provenance.Nursery stock specification requirement: arbor diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 2cm or more, height
2m or more, and there are hat widths；Shrub height 1~1.2m, hat width 0.6m or more；Soil ball specification: arbor presses 8 times, shrub of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground
By 6 times of determining soil ball sizes of ground diameter.Silvicultural material mainly has: arbor: horse-tail, Luan Shu, Chinese scholar tree, soapberry, spun gold
Weeping willow, tree-of-heaven, locust tree, glossy privet, evergreen Chinese wax, Fraxinus velutina, middle mountain China fir, dry land willow, China tree, American elm；Shrub: Hibiscus hamabo, folder
Bamboo peach, Chinese mahonia, false indigo, fructus lycii, Chinese tamarisk；Draft: shamrock, alfalfa, Korea lawn grass, sesbania, clover, rye
Grass etc..
3) plant trees: planting technique is mainly: rationally determining kind of plant hole specification: 50 × 50 × 50cm of arbor, shrub: 40
×40×40cm.Improve the soil before afforestation: using soil moved in improve the original；Cage chaff (2.5 cave kg/) is applied in cave, (arbor: 5 caves kg/ fill organic fertilizer
Wood: 2.5 caves kg/).Rational close planted: arbor species 2.5 × 2m of density, shrub species density are 1 × 1m；Appropriate surface planting, field planting
The upper edge Shi Genqiu is equal with ground, avoids too deep by salt damage (evergreen species necessary sparse branching priming leaf in plant, reduction moisture steaming
Hair).
4) tending management: the after-poppet that plants seedlings support: first entering about 1 m depth in soil to oblique cutting windward with bamboo pole, then
It is tightened with cloth or fine cordage, trees is prevented to be linked to be an entirety with bamboo pole from shaking, then in the vertical and horizontal of the woods,
To enhance wind loading rating.Covered ground: using rice chaff, plant straw pole etc. or plantation ground cover plant (shamrock, sesbania) etc. into
Row covered ground, soil moisture conservation humidification, can be improved the survival rate of trees.It loosens the soil in time, adds organic fertilizer or physiological acidic fertilizer such as
Calcium superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate etc..
Test example 1:
This test is implemented in the Yuyao City town Si Men, is located at Southern Bank of Hangzhou Bay Ningshao Plain the north, on the north of Hangzhou Wan.The town domain gross area
66.3 km2, wherein 62.5 km of land-based area area2.Topography is flat in region, and topography is in hills-Plain-beach-from south to north
Ocean step pattern, 3~5m of mean sea level.Soil has the great soil groups such as red soil, rice soil, moisture soil, solonchak, moisture soil and solonchak distribution
It is the MAIN SOILS of coastal forest belt construction in bay alluvial plain.The town Si Men belongs to the maritime monsoon climatic region in subtropical zone, annual
16 DEG C of temperature, 39 DEG C of the highest temperature, -9.3 DEG C of the lowest temperature, 240 d of frost-free period or so；1300 mm of mean annual precipitation, throughout the year
Cardinal wind is southeaster.In 1 year, since monsoon replaces, often there are the low temperature overcast and rainy day of spring and autumn, plum flood season Rainstorm Flood, summer
The diastrous weathers such as arid, high temperature, typhoon, hail, strong wind and the sleet and snow ice in winter occur.Coastal Area of Northern tree cover
Deficiency has been unable to meet people to the needs of ecology.The network of waterways is gathered in town, and river in length and breadth, has and faces Zhou Jiang, Ji Mei Qiaojiang, four pools
Heng Jiang, five pool Heng Jiang, seven pool Heng Jiang, the road Tao Jialu Jiang Hexiejia river etc..
The construction of ecology of alkali saline land recovery project is implemented from 2008, completes 1.12 km so far2Area is built, just
Step succeeds, and works well.There are the liberation pool, Qi Tangjiang, nine pool Heng Jiang, ten pools, five, 11 pool ecological shelter forest at present, leads to
Cross the salt discharge of implementation trench digging, soil improvement, kind plant hole measures, survival rate and the storage rate such as improve the soil, foster after Tree Species Selection, kind all reach
Higher level has been arrived, test block bio-diversity is improved and has been conserved water and soil, Water Conservation Capacity of Five, soil texture and physicochemical character
Improved.Concrete measure is as follows:
1. tree arrangement: according to matching species with the site, it is evergreen combined with fallen leaves, tall shrub, with indigenous tree for main principle, utilize
The investigation of saline-alkali tolerant indigenous tree and the adaptability investigation of exotic tree are as a result, select following tree species to plant chief species as first:
Aiphyllium be glossy privet, horse-tail, middle mountain China fir, deciduous tree be Fraxinus velutina, locust tree, soapberry, tree-of-heaven, Chinese scholar tree, dry land willow,
Golden silk willow, Koelreuteria bipinnata Franchet, China tree, American elm, shrub are oleander, Chinese tamarisk, Hibiscus hamabo, and draft (mainly makees green manure use)
For sesbania, alfalfa, Korea lawn grass.Nursery stock requires the band ball nursery stock of robust growth, and the arbor seedling diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is in 3~4 cm.Full
While sufficient ecological functions, landscape effects different throughout the year has been built.
2. seedling quality: nursery stock requires robust growth, tree-like complete, no disease and pests harm, and the nursery stock place of production belongs to same provenance.
Nursery stock specification requirement: arbor diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 2cm or more, height 2m or more, and there are hat widths；Shrub 1~1.2m of height, hat width 0.6m with
On；Soil ball specification: arbor is pressed 6 times of determining soil ball sizes of ground diameter by 8 times of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, shrub.
3. improveing soil: 1) physically improved, weeding and site preparation, weeds after cleaning, which are ploughed under bottom as barrier layer, to be prevented
The accumulation of salt in the surface soil.Rational deployment irrigation canals and ditches, fill out hollow lift ground, and lowering of watertable carries out the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, salt discharge, quickly reduces soil salt content.Specifically
Design: 1. trench digging design: every 100 meters are a standard paragraphs, laterally one gutter of every 5 meters of settings, 40 × 30cm of specification；Every
A longitudinal drainage ditch, 80 × 60cm of specification are opened every 50 meters.2. landform is handled: carrying out prepartion of land according to actual landform, utilize
The earthwork of trench digging, because gesture appearance is made into turtleback, gives full play to draining effect in each piece of planting site.Soil moved in improve the original improvement, utilizes agro-farming
Ground surface soil carries out salt-soda soil soil moved in improve the original and improves reproducing area.2) chemical modifying applies chemically acid fertilizer calcium superphosphate, biphosphate
Potassium etc. reduces the pH value of soil with calcareous in activating soil.3) biological modification, interplanting green manure (sesbaniaSesbania cannabina Pers., barleyH. vulgare, vetchVicia sepium Linn.Or shamrockMedicago lupulina L.Deng), increase decomposed manure, increase measures such as soil permeability and covered ground (after weeds, green manure cut blueness
Plough deeply and bury), it is used in mixed way with planting soil, cave bottom is placed on, as separation layer.
4. afforestation: planting technique is mainly: rationally determining kind of plant hole specification: 50 × 50 × 50cm of arbor, shrub: 40
×40×40cm.Improve the soil before afforestation: using soil moved in improve the original, the every cave of kind plant hole backfills 50 kg of field soil；It is suitable to assist nursery stock to carry out transition
It answers.Cage chaff (2. 5 cave kg/), organic fertilizer (arbor: 5 caves kg/, shrub: 2.5 caves kg/) are applied in cave, enhancing soil is penetrating
Property, increase the content of organic matter.Rational close planted: arbor species 2.5 × 2m of density, shrub species density are 1 × 1m；Appropriate surface planting,
Edge is equal with ground on ball when field planting, avoids too deep by salt damage (evergreen species necessary sparse branching priming leaf in plant, reduction moisture
Evaporation).
5. tending management: (1) then bracket support uses cloth first with bamboo pole in the about 1 m depth into oblique cutting people's soil windward
Item or fine cordage tighten, and trees is prevented to be linked to be an entirety with bamboo pole from shaking, then in the vertical and horizontal of the woods, anti-to enhance
Wind energy power；(2) maintenance trees are fostered to have the laundering period to environment after plantation, this period reinforces its tending management, it appears outstanding
It is important, is the key that greening success or failure, concrete measure is as follows :(a) covered ground utilizes rice chaff, plant straw pole etc. and plantation
Ground cover plant (alfalfa, sesbania) etc. carries out covered ground, and the survival rate of trees can be improved in soil moisture conservation humidification；(b) trench digging row
Water, Rational Irrigation are also beneficial to the elution of rainwater to solve salt water jacking caused by level of ground water height.According to " big
Hydraulic pressure alkali, little Shui draw alkali " salt experience is controlled, to accomplish that heavy rain drains, light rain is poured water, and water will be irrigated disposably, could effectively be pressed down
The soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil processed, guarantees that plant is frequently grown；(c) it loosens the soil in time, adds organic fertilizer " autochthonal bud, aerial root ", soil texture is good
Good, the content of organic matter is abundant, and venting and water permeable performance is good, and root growth is rapid under conditions of water, fertilizer, air and heat are sufficient.Therefore under
Rain or burning should loosen the soil in time after filling, and to keep moisture, can also reduce the accumulation of salt in the surface soil because cutting off hollow billet moisture evaporation due to；(d) 7
After month, high temperature and drought, the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil is strong, and the effect of suppression salt can be played using the covering such as plant straw pole surface soil, but not lasting,
Easily loss.Therefore by the way of planting ground cover plant or weed growth of keeping certain height, accomplish loess it is not outdoor be to mention
A kind of very effective means of the survival rate of high trees.
6. afforestation effect: afforestation current year, forest survival rate minimum 65%, up to 100%；Afforestation its saliferous of second year
Amount has been lower than with Farmland and wasteland soil；Soil pH value stablizes the land use pattern pair between 8.41~8.73
The influence of soil pH value is little；Under land use pattern the soil organism and total nitrogen content height be followed successively by proper order farmland,
Forest land and wasteland, forest belt and wasteland organic matter and total nitrogen content initial stage relatively, but over time, forest belt and wasteland
Organic matter and total nitrogen content gradually space out, show as forest belt higher than wasteland, forest belt can effectively improve the soil organism and
Total nitrogen content, fertilizing soil；Experiment and demonstration woods is begun to take shape, and plant grew well, soil improvement action is obvious, and structure of community obtains
To evolution；Plant survival rate is high, grows fine, and landscape effect is prominent, and saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem work achieve preferably
Ecological benefits.
It inspects for acceptance and files
It inspects for acceptance
The necessary well in advance afforestation planning and design scheme of unit of afforesting, could construct through the approval of forestry authorities, by supervisor portion
Door inspects for acceptance to key operation, key link, and specific way is referring to GB/T 23231-2009 and GB/T 23235-
2009 rule executes.
It files
It is established after afforestation and manages archives, content includes reproducing area basic condition, seedling planting situation, result of inspecting for acceptance, disease pest
Evil prevention and treatment, damaed cordition etc., execute referring in particular to GB/T 18337.3-2001.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps that:
1) it on the spot improves: according to natural situations such as reproducing area soil, moisture, on the spot being improved, it is raw for standing forest construction and plant
It is long to create suitable environmental condition；
2) Tree Species Selection: adaptation to local conditions selection is suitable for the tree species of local growth, and reasonably combined according to tree species Seasonal dynamics change feature
Evergreen species and deciduous species carry out tree seed optimization configuration, are playing amelioration with protection forest, are reducing wind speed, check winds and fix drifting sand, conserve
While water source, the ecological functions such as conserve water and soil, preferable ecoscape effect is built；
3) it plants trees: the high quality seedling of robust growth being selected to be transplanted, suitable Afforestation Time is spring；
4) tending management: nursery stock is reinforced after afforestation, is supported；Covered ground is carried out using cavings, hay, leaf；In time
Watering, draining, weed with a hoe.
2. a kind of method for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that
The step 1) on the spot improves specifically: A) physically improved: weeds after cleaning are ploughed under bottom as barrier by weeding and site preparation
Layer prevents the accumulation of salt in the surface soil；Rational deployment irrigation canals and ditches, fill out hollow lift ground, and lowering of watertable carries out the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, salt discharge, quickly reduces soil saliferous
Amount, specifically: 1. trench digging design: every 100 meters are a standard paragraphs, laterally one gutter of every 5 meters of settings, specification 40 ×
30cm；A longitudinal drainage ditch, 80 × 60cm of specification are opened at interval of 50 meters；2. landform is handled: carrying out soil according to actual landform
It is smooth, draining effect is given full play to, soil moved in improve the original changes because gesture appearance is made into turtleback in each piece of planting site using the earthwork of trench digging
It is good, salt-soda soil soil moved in improve the original, which is carried out, using agro-farming ground surface soil improves reproducing area；B) chemical modifying: application chemically acid fertilizer peroxophosphoric acid
Calcium, potassium dihydrogen phosphate reduce soil pH value: C with calcareous in activating soil) biological modification: interplanting green manure increases and decomposed has
Machine fertilizer increases soil permeability and covered ground measure, is used in mixed way with planting soil, cave bottom is placed on, as separation layer.
3. a kind of method for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that
Tree Species Selection in the step 2) specifically: based on xylophyta, evergreen, deciduous species collocation, tall shrub is combined；With
Based on indigenous tree, Experiment in Introduction successfully external resistant wood species and leguminous plant.
4. a kind of method for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that
Step 3) the afforestation method particularly includes: rationally determine kind of plant hole specification: 50 × 50 × 50cm of arbor, shrub: 40 × 40 ×
40cm；Improve the soil before afforestation: using soil moved in improve the original；2. 5 cave kg/ of cage chaff, organic fertilizer arbor: 5 caves kg/, shrub: 2.5 are applied in cave
The cave kg/；Rational close planted: arbor species 2.5 × 2m of density, shrub species density are 1 × 1m；Appropriate surface planting, when field planting on ball
Edge is equal with ground, avoids too deep by salt damage；Evergreen species nursery stock sparse branching priming leaf in plant, to reduce moisture evaporation；Earthing
After tread, sprinkle profoundly water.
5. a kind of method for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that
Step 4) the tending management method particularly includes: plant seedlings rear protecting: first entering 1 m depth in soil to oblique cutting windward with bamboo pole,
Then it is tightened with cloth or fine cordage, trees is prevented to be linked to be an entirety with bamboo pole from shaking, then in the vertical and horizontal of the woods,
To enhance wind loading rating；Covered ground is carried out to nursery stock after afforestation: carrying out ground using rice chaff, plant straw pole or plantation ground cover plant
Face covering, soil moisture conservation humidification, improves the survival rate of trees；It loosens the soil in time, adds organic fertilizer or physiological acidic fertilizer；It transplants laggard
Row water and fertilizer management and nursery stock protection, young growth management.
6. a kind of method for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4,
Be characterized in that the Silvicultural material are as follows: arbor: horse-tail, Luan Shu, Chinese scholar tree, soapberry, golden silk willow, tree-of-heaven, locust tree,
Glossy privet, evergreen Chinese wax, Fraxinus velutina, middle mountain China fir, dry land willow, China tree, American elm；Shrub: Hibiscus hamabo, oleander, Chinese mahonia, purple
Fringe Chinese scholartree, fructus lycii, Chinese tamarisk；Draft: shamrock, alfalfa, Korea lawn grass, sesbania, clover, rye grass.
7. a kind of method for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem as claimed in claim 1 or 5, feature exist
Robust growth, tree-like complete, no disease and pests harm are required in the nursery stock, the nursery stock place of production belongs to same provenance；Nursery stock specification requirement:
Arbor diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 2cm or more, height 2m or more, and there are hat widths；Shrub height 1~1.2m, hat width 0.6m or more；Soil ball specification:
Arbor is pressed 6 times of determining soil ball sizes of ground diameter by 8 times of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, shrub.
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| CN111183844A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-05-22 | 上海市林业总站 | Construction method of oak tree species mixed forest in long triangular saline-alkali area |
| CN113303286A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-08-27 | 宁夏大学 | Method for constructing soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecological system |
| CN113303286B (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2022-07-08 | 宁夏大学 | Method for constructing soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecological system |
| CN114375750A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-22 | 广州华苑园林股份有限公司 | Rapid construction method of coastal windproof sand-fixing salt-tolerant landscape community |
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