CN102057825A - Method for afforesting completely-weathered aleurolite side slope by utilizing native plants - Google Patents
Method for afforesting completely-weathered aleurolite side slope by utilizing native plants Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for afforesting a completely-weathered aleurolite side slope by utilizing native plants. The method comprises: according to the characteristics of thinner soil layer and high and steep slope of the completely-weathered aleurolite, spraying and planting plant seeds by a hung three-dimensional net hydraulic soil replacement spraying and planting method; digging a hole on the side slope by combining with a side slope hole digging and fixing process; building a favourable environment for the plants to grow in the hole; planting the native plants (masson pines and Chinese cherries) into the hole; watering and applying fertilizer to cause the native plants to normally grow; planting native herb, native bush and native arbour on the side slope and around the side slope and a catchwater; after normal maintenance, afforesting the completely-weathered aleurolite side slope. The material adopted by the invention has no pollution. The method is characterized by biological environmental friendliness and improved afforestation survival rate; and in addition, the method does not affect environment, and belongs to energy-saving and clean production. The adopted native plants are subjected to side slope afforestation and are harmonious with surrounding environment, thus obtaining the result of efficiently combining the effects on afforestation, beautification, original ecology and environmental friendliness.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the ecological, environmental protective science and technology field, be specifically related to a kind of method of utilizing indigenous plant to carry out completely decomposed aleurolite slope greening.
Background technology:
Greening side slope is the emphasis and the difficult point of expressway greening, expressway greening generally follows the principle of urban landscaping at present, highway ecotope along the line, vegetation state, floristics are not understood, to use exotic plant, there are problems such as seeds dullness, resistance are poor, maintenance management expense height.Aleurolite side slope behind the excavation, soil layer is thinner, sloping height is steep, side slope is carried out plant landscape after, along with the growth of time, spring and summer, heavy rain washed away, autumn and winter arid, soil nutrient consumes gradually, runs off, soil fertility constantly reduces, and plant growing is constituted a threat to.Completely decomposed flour sand rocky slope is one of areas such as China south China and Central China representative side slope distributed more widely.Because the formed completely decomposed flour sand of infrastructure project rocky slope area such as road is big, route is long, artificial maintenance is difficulty relatively, and it is limited to add the engineering input, runs into natural calamities such as heavy rain, autumn and winter arid, sick worm, very easily degeneration, death.Particularly at the single seeds of the general artificial planting of completely decomposed flour sand rocky slope such as acacia auriculiformis (Acacia auriculiformis), mountain green soy bean (Tephrosia candida), paspalum notatum (Paspalum notatum), molasses grass denizens such as (Melinis minutiflora), growing power a little less than, As time goes on the variation of nutrient, water supply, all can occur vegetation degeneration phenomenon in various degree on the side slope, it is withered or dead that plant patch shape can appear in the side slope that has.Vegetation degeneration has influenced stability of slope and landscape effect greatly, not only can cause repeated construction, fund waste, also may cause new water and soil loss and domatic destruction.
The selection of greening seedling is the key and the difficult point of greening side slope.The selected plant of most of greening side slope in the past is based on denizen shrub and herbaceous plant, and the ratio of shrub is very little, lacks the arbor kind, and afforestation effect is very poor, very easily degenerates.Wherein the subject matter of Cun Zaiing is the vegetation around the side slope and plant to be formed not carry out correlation study, and kind selects to have randomness or rule of thumb, and does not carry out the selection of matching species with the site according to peripheral vegetation.Indigenous plant not only has safeguard function and the defencive function of general plant in the expressway greening construction of south China, and strong in outstanding view characteristic, adaptability, protect bio-diversity and keep and all have special advantages aspect the urban ecological system.Greening becomes one of new trend of present highway construction as expressway slope to use indigenous tree species, has caused people's extensive concern.The patent No. be CN03139818.9 patent disclosure a kind of method with class reed greening bare side sloping, it specifically is that wild type reed grass seed and fringe bar mixture, fertilizer, paper pulp, water mixing and stirring are made the material of sowing grass seeds by duster, sow grass seeds by duster on the side slope with the careless machine of the spray material of will sowing grass seeds by duster, cover with class reed grass until bare side sloping.But this method is if sow grass seeds by duster on soil-slope with the careless machine of spray, and growing out only has class reed grass a kind of, and the single and peripheral natural vegetation of kind differs far away, has reduced afforestation effect, can not satisfy the requirement of ecological expressway slope greening.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing indigenous plant to carry out completely decomposed aleurolite slope greening, this method is simple, cost is low, can effectively afforest other completely decomposed flour sand rocky slope such as regional highway such as completely decomposed flour sand rocky slope, particularly China south China and Central China etc.
The present invention is thinner according to completely decomposed aleurolite matter soil layer, the steep characteristic of slope height, adopt the three dimensional network hydraulic pressure alien earth sparging method of hanging, the plant seed of sowing grass seeds by duster, and dig the cave technique for fixing in conjunction with side slope, on side slope, dig the cave, a good environment is built in the growth that is plant in the cave, again indigenous plant masson pine and lotus wood are planted in this cave, watered, apply fertilizer, make its normal growth, again on the side slope, around the side slope, around the intercepting drain, plant draft of one's native land, shrub of one's native land and arbor of one's native land,, can realize the purpose of completely decomposed aleurolite slope greening through behind the General Maintenance.
A kind of method of utilizing indigenous plant to carry out completely decomposed aleurolite slope greening of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) with the cutting or the domatic cleaning of side slope of embankment, smooth of completely decomposed aleurolite matter, remove domatic float stone, floating root, then in 3-4 month in spring, on the slope, excavate the wedge shape ditch earlier, adopt the three dimensional network hydraulic pressure alien earth sparging method of hanging, with plant seed be injected into domatic on, the plant seed kind and the consumption of injection are as follows: Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) 2g/m
2+ pigeonpea (Cajanuscajan) 8g/m
2+ aalii (Dodonaea viscosa) 10g/m
2+ rattlebush (Crotalaria pallida) 10g/m
2+ masson pine (Pinus massoniana) 5g/m
2+ Chinese sumac (Rhus chinensis) or white popinac (Leucaena leucocephala) 10g/m
2, cover nonwoven then, and carry out conventional maintenance in early stage;
(2) then or the 4-5 month of next year, after side slope is covered by herbaceous layer, in the domatic cave of digging, the dark 10-15cm in cave, diameter 8-12cm, the spacing between cave and the cave is 35-40cm, plant height is 25-35 centimetre a masson pine bag seedling on the kind, 2-3/m
2With plant height be 25-30 centimetre lotus wood (Schima superba) bag seedling, 2/m
2, add soil then and fill and lead up and compress General Maintenance;
(3) and then on the side slope, around the side slope, around the intercepting drain, transplant herbaceous plant of one's native land, highly be the shrub plant of one's native land of 35-50cm and magaphanerophytes of one's native land, General Maintenance.
The plant sowing, plant and transplant is through General Maintenance, can normal growth, can make weathering flour sand rocky slope multiple green rapidly, generally pass through 1-2 after, just can reach " ecosystem " afforestation effect consistent with habitat harmony on every side.
Preferred cave, described cave eye direction helps the growth of serike with domatic vertical.
Described masson pine or the lotus wood of in the cave, planting, preferred, before transplanting, in the cave, apply fertilizer, more preferably use composite fertilizer, use the 20-30 gram for every square metre.
The seasonal migration of draft of one's native land, shrub and the magaphanerophytes of transplanting in the described step (3) is in the 4-5 month in annual spring, and the plant of transplanting in this season survives easily, safeguards easily, helps the growth of plant.The blade or the accessory pinna at top are preferably extractd by these herbaceous plant of one's native land, shrub plant of one's native land and magaphanerophytes of one's native land before transplanting.
Indigenous plant generally is meant long term growth in the locality, and natural distribution, natural deduction have adapted to and incorporated the plant of local natural ecosystems.When the completely decomposed flour sand rocky slope on south China and Central China highway side was afforested, the herbaceous plant of one's native land of transplanting preferably certainly in the described step (3): awns beanstalk (Dicranopteris pedata), blechnoid (Blechnumorientale), Chinese silvergrass (Miscanthus sinensis) and tigergrass (Thysanolaena maxima); Described shrub plant of one's native land is preferably from: terrible lantern (Clerodendrum fortunatum), hill gooseberry (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa), tomonea (Melastomacandidum), nine joint (Psychotria asiatica) and red back of the body mountain wastes of flax (Alchornea trewioides); Described magaphanerophytes is preferably from aleurite montana (Vernicia montana) and Chinese sumac (Rhus chinensis); Plantation density is 3-4 strain or clump/10m
2The indigenous plant of above-mentioned selection has high-adaptability, and part kind, as awn winnow basket, has the property of overgrowing, as long as root can be fixed up, add suitable nature and nutritional condition, root system will go deep in the matrix towards periphery, and the awn winnow basket plant sprouts other nursery stocks of one's native land that can spread elongation and Chinese silvergrass, tigergrass and transplanting behind the new accessory pinna fast can make completely decomposed flour sand rocky slope multiple green together rapidly.Adopt these draft of one's native land, shrub of one's native land and arbor of one's native land can accelerate the greening of the completely decomposed flour sand rocky slope on south China and Central China highway side.
For the convenience of constructing, described side slope is smooth, and its employed soil preferentially uses the table soil behind the slope construction.
Described General Maintenance is that the plant of planting is carried out General Maintenance, as waters, applies fertilizer, and satisfies the required moisture of plant growing, nutrient and illumination demand.
The present invention is according to the physiological property of indigenous plant and the geographical character of completely decomposed flour sand rocky slope, adopt when hanging three dimensional network hydraulic pressure alien earth sparging method, indigenous plant of selecting for use or ease are plants such as wild class indigenous plant seed such as Bermuda grass, aalii, masson pine, rattlebush, pigeonpea, Chinese sumac, white popinac, these plant adaptabilities are strong, the germination rate height, can form herbaceous layer rapidly, greening covers domatic, fixes the topsoil of completely decomposed flour sand rocky slope.Utilize the side slope technique for fixing of punchinging then, in the hole that side slope surface is dug out the suitable aperture and the degree of depth, then masson pine and lotus wood are transplanted in the hole, General Maintenance makes plant normal growth, thereby reaches the purpose of greening side slope.The present invention transplants masson pine and lotus wood in the hole, thereby makes its energy vertical growth, reduces the infringement of rain drop erosion; Dig the permeability that the cave can increase soil at completely decomposed flour sand rocky slope, help liquid manure and enter, reduce soil density, the growth of stimulating plant root system; The cave of being dug can make masson pine and lotus wood be fixed up as early as possible, the space of abundance is provided for the growth of root system, pass through General Maintenances such as an amount of water and fertilizer again, the growth and the recovery that can be root system provide good environmental condition, root system can extend in the cave on every side, behind the root system stable growth, can promote the recovery and the growth of above-ground plant parts.Therefore, method of the present invention is equivalent to the side slope hole is used as the container of plant growing, fixing and protection plant, and plant can grow by basic accommodate itself to, improves survival rate greatly.Again on the side slope, around the side slope, around the intercepting drain, transplant herbaceous plant of one's native land, highly be the shrub plant of one's native land of 35-50cm and magaphanerophytes of one's native land.Qiao, filling, grass combine common counterfort virescence, realize the smooth transition from the artificial environment to the natural environment, reach to conserve water and soil, and make the side slope afforestation effect consistent with habitat harmony on every side.General through behind the 1-2, just can reach " ecosystem " afforestation effect consistent with habitat harmony on every side.
The present invention also has the following advantages:
1. easy to learn, labour intensity is low;
2. material is easy to obtain, and cost is low, and the part indigenous plant of being got is the very general floristics that distributes, and growth is fast, and adaptability is strong, can very fast recovery side slope, and very little to the surrounding enviroment influence.
Method of the present invention is particularly suitable for by south China, the various highways of Central China, and ratio of slope is 1: 1~1: 1.5 the stable completely decomposed aleurolite matter embankment or the greening of cut slope.The material that the present invention adopts is pollution-free, for biological environment-friendly type improves the greening survival rate technology, does not influence environment, belong to energy-conservation and clean production, the indigenous plant of being adopted carries out greening side slope, coordinates with surrounding enviroment, reaches greening, beautifies, the efficient combination of ecosystem, environmental protection.
Embodiment:
Below be to further specify to of the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Cloud Chinese parasol tree highway K44+510-K44+700 side slope, the former one-level experiment side slope that is designed to, the one-level slope is a completely decomposed aleurolite side slope, and soil layer is thin, and ratio of slope is 1: 1.With side slope surface cleaning, smooth, remove domatic float stone, floating root, at domatic excavation wedge shape ditch, adopt arched framework to reinforce, the three dimensional network hydraulic pressure grass planting of sowing grass seeds by duster is adopted in the slope greening protection, constructs in early April, 2007.The kind of the plant seed that side slope is sowed grass seeds by duster and consumption are: Bermuda grass 2g/m
2+ pigeonpea 8g/m
2+ aalii 10g/m
2+ rattlebush 10g/m
2+ masson pine 5g/m
2+ white popinac 10g/m
2, cover nonwoven, spray water and carry out the maintenance in early stage.
In April, 2008, after side slope is covered by herbaceous layer, bore (drilling rod with the cutter eye domatic
Dig the cave, the cave eye direction of digging the cave is with domatic vertical, and spacing is 35-40cm between cave and the cave, hole depth 12cm, and diameter 10cm has cut a hole and has applied every square metre 30 gram of composite fertilizer behind the hole.Plant (2-3/m of last 25~35 centimetres high masson pine bag seedling
2) and (2/m of 25~30 centimetres high lotus wood bag seedlings
2), add soil and fill and lead up and compress, transplant the back water spray, then carry out General Maintenance.
Then, on the side slope, around the side slope, around the intercepting drain, transplant herbaceous plant of one's native land, as Chinese silvergrass, awns beanstalk, tigergrass with highly be the shrub of one's native land of 35-50cm, as tomonea and arbor of one's native land, as Chinese sumac etc., all extract the blade or the accessory pinna at top during these plant transplantings, plantation density is 3-4 strain or clump/10m
2, transplant the back water spray.
Above-mentioned plant is carried out the General Maintenance management, make its normal growth.
Along with the seed germination of sowing grass seeds by duster, transplanting nursery stock growth and spreading, side slope is afforested gradually, through behind the 1-2, reverts to consistently with peripheral vegetation environmental harmony, has reached good afforestation effect.
Embodiment 2:
Cloud Chinese parasol tree highway K49+680~K49+900 side slope, the former level Four experiment side slope that is designed to, the excavation back is the completely decomposed aleurolite, and secondary and three grades of side slope soil layers are thin, and ratio of slope is 1: 1.Earlier with side slope surface cleaning, smooth, remove domatic float stone, floating root, excavation wedge shape ditch adopts arched framework to reinforce on the slope, and the three dimensional network hydraulic pressure grass planting of sowing grass seeds by duster is adopted in the slope greening protection, constructs in mid-March, 2007.The kind of the plant seed that side slope is sowed grass seeds by duster and consumption are: Bermuda grass 2g/m
2+ pigeonpea 8g/m
2+ aalii 10g/m
2+ rattlebush 10g/m
2+ masson pine 5g/m
2+ white popinac 10g/m
2, cover nonwoven, spray water and carry out the maintenance in early stage.
In May then, after side slope is covered by herbaceous layer, bore (drilling rod with the cutter eye domatic
Dig the cave, the cave eye direction of digging the cave is with domatic vertical, and spacing is 35-40cm between cave and the cave, hole depth 10cm, and diameter 12cm has cut a hole and has applied every square metre 20 gram of composite fertilizer behind the hole.Plant (2-3/m of last 25~35 centimetres high masson pine bag seedling
2) and (2/m of 25~30 centimetres high lotus wood bag seedlings
2), add soil and fill and lead up and compress, transplant the back water spray, carry out General Maintenance then.
Then, on the side slope, around the side slope, by the arched framework, around the intercepting drain, transplant draft of one's native land, as awns beanstalk, Chinese silvergrass with highly be the shrub of one's native land of 35-50cm, as hill gooseberry, tomonea and magaphanerophytes, as Chinese sumac etc., all extract the blade or the accessory pinna at top in the time of these plant transplantings, density is 3-4 strain or clump/10m
2, transplant the back water spray.
Above-mentioned plant is carried out the General Maintenance management, make its normal growth.
Along with the seed germination of sowing grass seeds by duster, transplanting nursery stock growth and spreading, side slope is afforested gradually, through 1-2, reverts to consistently with peripheral vegetation environmental harmony, has reached good afforestation effect.
Embodiment 3:
Cloud Chinese parasol tree highway LK52+810-LK52+900 side slope, the former secondary experiment side slope that is designed to, the one-level slope is a completely decomposed aleurolite side slope, and soil layer is thin, and ratio of slope is 1: 1.5.Earlier with side slope surface cleaning, smooth, remove domatic float stone, floating root, excavation wedge shape ditch adopts arched framework to reinforce, and the three dimensional network hydraulic pressure grass planting of sowing grass seeds by duster is adopted in the slope greening protection, constructs in early April, 2007.The kind of the plant seed that side slope is sowed grass seeds by duster and consumption are: Bermuda grass 2g/m
2+ pigeonpea 8g/m
2+ aalii 10g/m
2+ rattlebush 10g/m
2+ masson pine 5g/m
2+ Chinese sumac 10g/m
2, cover nonwoven, spray water and carry out the maintenance in early stage.
In May then, after side slope is covered by herbaceous layer, bore (drilling rod with the cutter eye domatic
Dig the cave, the cave eye direction of digging the cave is with domatic vertical, and spacing is 35-40cm between cave and the cave, hole depth 15cm, and diameter 8cm has cut a hole and has applied every square metre 25 gram of composite fertilizer behind the hole.Plant (2-3/m of last 25~35 centimetres high masson pine bag seedling
2) and (2/m of 25~30 centimetres high lotus wood bag seedlings
2), add soil and fill and lead up and compress, transplant the back water spray, carry out General Maintenance then.
Then, on the side slope, around the side slope, by the arched framework, around the intercepting drain, transplant draft of one's native land, as awns beanstalk, blechnoid and Chinese silvergrass, highly be the shrub of one's native land of 35-50cm, as terrible lantern, hill gooseberry, tomonea or magaphanerophytes, as aleurite montana etc., extract the blade or the accessory pinna at top before these plant transplantings, density is 3-4 strain or clump/10m
2, transplant the back water spray.
Above-mentioned plant is carried out the General Maintenance management, make its normal growth.
Along with the seed germination of sowing grass seeds by duster, transplanting nursery stock is grown and is spread, and side slope is afforested gradually, and through 1-2, side slope reverts to consistent with peripheral vegetation environmental harmony, has reached good afforestation effect.
Claims (5)
1. a method of utilizing indigenous plant to carry out completely decomposed aleurolite slope greening is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) with the cutting or the domatic cleaning of side slope of embankment, smooth of completely decomposed aleurolite matter, remove domatic float stone, floating root, then in 3-4 month in spring, on the slope, excavate the wedge shape ditch earlier, adopt the three dimensional network hydraulic pressure alien earth sparging method of hanging, with plant seed be injected into domatic on, the plant seed kind and the consumption of injection are as follows: Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) 2g/m
2+ pigeonpea (Cajanuscajan) 8g/m
2+ aalii (Dodonaea viscosa) 10g/m
2+ rattlebush (Crotalariapallida) 10g/m
2+ masson pine (Pinus massoniana) 5g/m
2+ Chinese sumac (Rhus chinensis) or white popinac (Leucaena leucocephala) 10g/m
2, cover nonwoven then, and carry out conventional maintenance in early stage;
(2) then or the 4-5 month of next year, after side slope is covered by herbaceous layer, in the domatic cave of digging, the dark 10-15cm in cave, diameter 8-12cm, the spacing between cave and the cave is 35-40cm, plant height is 25-35 centimetre a masson pine bag seedling on the kind, 2-3/m
2With plant height be 25-30 centimetre lotus wood (Schima superba) bag seedling, 2/m
2, add soil then and fill and lead up and compress General Maintenance;
(3) and then on the side slope, around the side slope, around the intercepting drain, transplant herbaceous plant of one's native land, highly be the shrub plant of one's native land of 35-50cm and magaphanerophytes of one's native land, General Maintenance.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the cave eye direction in described cave is with domatic vertical.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described masson pine and the lotus wood of planting in the cave before transplanting, is used composite fertilizer in the cave, use the 20-30 gram for every square metre.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the blade or the accessory pinna at top are extractd by draft of one's native land, shrub and the magaphanerophytes of transplanting in the described step (3) before transplanting.
5. according to claim 1 or 4 described methods, it is characterized in that the herbaceous plant of transplanting in the described step (3) of one's native land is selected from: awns beanstalk (Dicranopterispedata), blechnoid (Blechnum orientale), Chinese silvergrass (Miscanthus sinensis) and tigergrass (Thysanolaena maxima); Described shrub plant of one's native land is selected from: terrible lantern (Clerodendrumfortunatum), hill gooseberry (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa), tomonea (Melastoma candidum), nine joint (Pssychotria asiatica) and red back of the body mountain wastes of flax (Alchornea trewioides); Described magaphanerophytes is selected from: aleurite montana (Vernicia montana) and Chinese sumac (Rhus chinensis); Plantation density is 3-4 strain or clump/10m
2
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CN103535129A (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2014-01-29 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method for greening limestone slope |
CN103798047A (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2014-05-21 | 黄鹤平 | Greening spray planting method |
CN104737738A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-07-01 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method of greening bare slope by utilizing local herbaceous plants |
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CN103461012A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2013-12-25 | 遵义恒元林业生物能源开发有限公司 | Aleurites montana grafting method |
CN103535129A (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2014-01-29 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method for greening limestone slope |
CN103535129B (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2016-04-06 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | A kind of greening method of limestone slope |
CN103798047A (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2014-05-21 | 黄鹤平 | Greening spray planting method |
CN104737738A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-07-01 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method of greening bare slope by utilizing local herbaceous plants |
CN106068753A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-11-09 | 张盛钟 | Erosion zone, a kind of south collapses hilllock fast greening method |
CN106068753B (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2018-06-26 | 张盛钟 | A kind of south erosion zone slope collapse fast greening method |
CN109056757A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2018-12-21 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | A kind of firm administering method of fluviolacustrine deposit phase slope ecological |
CN109566228A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-05 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | A method of agricultural non-point source pollution ecology prevention and control phytobiocoenose is constructed by sociales of hill gooseberry |
CN111034549A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-21 | 中国有色金属长沙勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Ecological greening method for red mud disposal site |
CN111034549B (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2022-02-01 | 中国有色金属长沙勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Ecological greening method for red mud disposal site |
CN111448953A (en) * | 2020-04-11 | 2020-07-28 | 甘肃汇丰生态建设工程有限公司 | Method for ecological restoration of abrupt slope by using biological bacteria humus |
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