CN111448953A - Method for ecological restoration of abrupt slope by using biological bacteria humus - Google Patents
Method for ecological restoration of abrupt slope by using biological bacteria humus Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for restoring steep slope ecology by utilizing biological bacteria humus, which comprises the steps of aboveground species analysis, underground seed bank analysis, selection of suitable native species, slope treatment, bottom application of biological bacteria humus, wet spraying of mixed materials, covering maintenance management and the like, wherein the native species suitable for planting in a restoration area can be accurately selected by combining the investigation of surface vegetation in the restoration area and the comparison of the species in the underground seed bank, on one hand, the interference of foreign species can be minimized, and the long-term continuous restoration capability can be increased for natural ecological balance, so that the survival rate of plants can be effectively increased, the death rate of the plants caused by the fact that the plants do not adapt to local soil and climate is greatly reduced, the large-area multiple reseeding is avoided, and the restoration efficiency and the long-term ecological restoration effect are greatly improved. On the other hand, the vegetation species selection can omit the transition period of pioneer species, and the selected native species suitable for the planting in the remediation area can restore the original ecological environment earlier, thereby achieving the purpose of taking effect early.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of natural ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a method for restoring steep slope ecology by using biological bacteria humus.
Background
The ecological civilization construction is promoted, the sustainable development of the economic society is promoted, the ecological civilization system is a general scheme of the reform of the ecological civilization system, the idea that the green water mountain is the Jinshan Yinshan is required to be established, and the test point test is actively developed. Encourages various regions to start from local practice, takes the solution of the outstanding ecological environment problem as the key point, exerts initiative, actively explores and promotes ecological civilization construction. Because the side slope is exposed in the process of traffic and municipal engineering construction, and the ground surface of a slag yard is not covered by vegetation, water and soil loss and dust emission are generally caused, the self-repairing capability of soil is reduced, and an underground soil seed bank is damaged, and if beneficial manual interference is not added, the ecological restoration process is long and difficult. At present, when ecological restoration is carried out on the wound surface of a barren mountain steep slope, plants are usually planted on exposed side slopes and the ground surface of a slag yard, but the soil of the exposed side slopes and the ground surface of the slag yard is barren, the seeds of the planted plants hardly survive, the survival rate is low, continuous reseeding is needed, the restoration time is long, the restoration effect is poor, the time cost and the labor cost required by later-stage maintenance are high, and due to the fact that the slope problem exists, planting operation is difficult to carry out, the construction difficulty is large, and the construction strength is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art and provides a method for ecological restoration of a steep slope by using biological bacteria humus, which is simple in construction, low in maintenance cost, favorable for restoring soil of the steep slope, capable of enhancing soil fertility, high in plant survival rate, capable of quickly planting plants on a difficult vertical surface, and capable of achieving ecological natural restoration balance and rapid restoration of the steep slope for a long time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for carrying out abrupt slope ecological restoration by utilizing biological bacteria humus comprises the following steps:
A. aboveground species analysis: universal samples are made for the overground vegetation of the restoration area and the overground vegetation adjacent to the restoration area, more than three samples are selected, the average coverage and the number of plants in the samples are used as the basis for selecting species, and the species with the coverage of more than 60 percent are used as target species;
B. the underground seed bank analysis method is suitable for screening the native species: randomly selecting more than four underground seed bank soil samples within the diameter range of 1-2 m of the rhizomes of the selected target species, carrying out germination tests on the soil samples in a test environment simulating rainfall of a restoration area, controlling the temperature to be 10-23 ℃, recording the germination condition once every week for three months, obtaining the identification of the germinated seed species, and finally screening out the suitable native species by combining the underground identified germinated seed species with the overground target species;
C. slope surface treatment: excavating a plurality of horizontal grooves on the steep slope surface of the whole restoration area, wherein the depth of each horizontal groove is 20-30 cm, and the vertical distance between every two adjacent horizontal grooves is 1-2 m, so that the bottom application and the closure of the storage slope surface precipitation are realized;
D. bottom application of biological bacteria humus: applying biological fungus humus at the bottom of each horizontal groove, wherein the biological fungus humus consists of a humus mixture and a plant growth promoting rhizobium liquid, the application ratio of the plant growth promoting rhizobium liquid is 0.05ml/g of the humus mixture, and the humus mixture consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of organic matter, 15-25 parts of humic acid, 10-30 parts of decomposed organic matter and 5-15 parts of complexing displacement agent;
E. and (3) carrying out wet spray seeding on the mixed material: and D, taking the biological fungus humus prepared in the step D, uniformly mixing the biological fungus humus, the soil in the remediation area, the water-retaining agent, the plant fiber, the degradable plant adhesive and the seeds suitable for the local soil species to obtain a mixed material, carrying out spray-sowing on the mixed material and water by spray-sowing equipment according to the proportion of 1:1-1:9, wherein the spray-sowing thickness is 3-5mm, and the mass ratio of the biological fungus humus, the soil in the remediation area, the water-retaining agent, the plant fiber and the degradable plant adhesive in the mixed material is 35-40: 15-20: 7-10: 22-27: 1-3, the amount of seeds suitable for the indigenous species is 2g per square meter;
F. covering and maintaining management: after spray-seeding planting, covering the slope surface with non-woven fabric, and covering and moisturizing the seeds which are sprayed and planted; in the maintenance period, watering and maintaining, and applying compound fertilizer for 3-6 times according to the growth condition of plants; the prevention and control work of diseases and pests is strengthened, and the diseases and pests are discovered and killed in time; when the height of the young grass reaches 6-7cm or 2-3 leaves are produced, the non-woven fabrics are torn off; and (4) performing interval reseeding according to the density of the plants.
Furthermore, the specification of the shrub and grass type sample in the step A is 1 × 1 meters, and the specification of the arbor and shrub type sample is 4 × 4 meters.
Further, in the step B, each part of soil sample is divided into two layers of soil samples from the ground surface to the underground, 5cm and 5-10cm, the two layers of soil samples from the ground surface to the underground, 5cm and 5-10cm are divided into 3 parts, one part of soil sample is reserved, the other two parts of soil sample are placed in a fine sand germination disc with the thickness of 3mm, and a germination test is carried out in the same test environment for simulating rainfall in the restoration area.
Further, the fine sand is inactivated in advance in a 200-degree oven for 6 hours at high temperature.
Further, the specification of the sample soil in the step B is 20cm × 20 cm.
Furthermore, in the step D, 20 hundred million bacteria are contained in per milliliter of the plant growth promoting rhizobium bacteria liquid.
Further, the bottom of the horizontal groove in the step D is applied with biological bacteria humus in an amount of 0.1 kg/square meter.
Further, the spray seeding equipment in the step E is centrifugal pump spray seeding equipment.
And F, further, cutting the non-woven fabric into 2 × 5m blocks and transversely paving the blocks when the slope is covered with the non-woven fabric, sewing the periphery and the middle of the non-woven fabric and then using 3# iron wires for cross fixation, and directly applying the fertilizer by manpower or adding water into the fertilizer for dilution and spraying the fertilizer.
And F, watering and maintaining in the step F, wherein the watering period is 30 days, the watering is continuously performed in the first 10 days, the watering is performed at intervals according to weather and grass seed growth data after 10 days, and the watering is stopped according to the growth data after 30 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method for restoring the ecological slope of the steep slope by utilizing the biological bacteria humus comprises the steps of aboveground species analysis, underground seed bank analysis method screening suitable for local species, slope surface treatment, bottom application of the biological bacteria humus, wet spraying of mixed materials, covering maintenance management and the like, wherein the abundance of the underground seed bank is one of the important factors influencing ecological restoration, so that the local species suitable for the planting in the restoration area can be accurately screened out by combining the land vegetation survey of the restoration area and the species comparison of the underground seed bank, on one hand, the interference of foreign species can be minimized, the long-term continuous restoration capability can be increased for the natural ecological balance, therefore, the survival rate of the plants can be effectively increased, the death rate of the plants caused by the inadaptation to local soil and climate is greatly reduced, the large-area multiple reseeding is avoided, and the restoration efficiency and the long-term ecological restoration effect are greatly improved. On the other hand, the vegetation species selection can omit the transition period of pioneer species, and the selected native species suitable for the planting in the remediation area can restore the original ecological environment earlier, thereby achieving the purpose of taking effect early.
2. After the local target species are screened out, the method treats the steep slope surface in the restoration area, excavates a plurality of horizontal grooves for bottom application and closure of the precipitation on the storage slope surface, greatly reduces the construction difficulty and the construction labor intensity of workers, and can effectively improve the restoration construction speed. Domatic processing is accomplished in step in earlier stage foundation work progress, combines with early earthwork can reduce cost, and the effect is outstanding, and later stage operation is simple and convenient, is favorable to practicing thrift a large amount of manpower and materials.
3. According to the invention, biological fungus humus is applied to the bottom of each horizontal groove, and consists of a humus mixture and a plant growth promoting rhizobium bacteria liquid in a specific ratio, so that on one hand, the variety and the quantity of underground soil organisms can be effectively improved, the root growth can be promoted, the absorbed roots can be increased by more than 25%, the growth speed of the root system of vegetation is increased, the overwintering capacity and the survival rate of the vegetation are enhanced, further, the benign development of the rhizosphere biosphere of the plant is formed, and the benign development of ecological restoration is effectively ensured; on the other hand, solid nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil are promoted to be converted into absorbable nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, soil fertility is promoted, abrupt slope soil is favorably repaired, and then ecological restoration work is promoted to achieve great effect in a short period.
4. According to the invention, biological fungus humus, soil in a remediation area, a water-retaining agent, plant fibers, a degradable plant adhesive and seeds suitable for native species are uniformly mixed according to a specific proportion to obtain a mixed material, then the mixed material and water are sprayed and sown through spraying and sowing equipment according to a certain proportion, the construction is simple, the water-retaining agent in the spraying and sowing mixed material has strong water-retaining property, the seed germination requirement can be met, the raw materials are mixed and sprayed together, the nutrition is rich, the seed germination speed is high, and the nutrition can be continuously provided for the growth of vegetation after the seeds germinate. After the seeds are sowed, the slope is covered by non-woven fabrics, the seeds sowed and planted are covered and moisturized, and the seeds are watered and maintained regularly in the maintenance period, so that the prevention and control work of diseases and insects is enhanced. After three-month curing period, manual curing is not needed, and the later curing cost is greatly saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the slope treatment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change in the number of sprouts in the same sample according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the variation of the growth height of a sample plant according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the depth variation of root system of a prototype plant according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a field diagram of the present invention prior to its implementation;
fig. 6 is a field diagram after the present invention has been implemented.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Example 1
A method for carrying out abrupt slope ecological restoration by utilizing biological bacteria humus comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) overground species analysis, namely performing universal sampling on overground vegetation of a restoration area and overground vegetation adjacent to the restoration area, selecting more than three sampling, wherein the specification of the shrub and grass sampling is 1 × 1 m, the specification of the arbor and shrub sampling is 4 × 4 m, selecting species according to the average coverage and the number of plants in the sampling, and taking the species with the coverage of more than 60% as a target species.
B. Selecting more than four underground seed bank soil samples with the specification of 20cm × 20cm within the diameter range of 1-2 m of the rootstocks of the selected target species randomly, dividing each soil sample into two layers of soil samples from the ground surface to the underground of 5cm and from the underground of 5-10cm, dividing the two layers of soil samples from the ground surface to the underground of 5cm and from the underground of 5-10cm into 3 parts respectively, reserving one soil sample, placing the other two soil samples into a fine sand germination disk which is 3mm thick and is inactivated in an oven at 200 ℃ for 6h, carrying out germination tests in the same test environment simulating rainfall of a repair area, controlling the temperature to be 10-23 ℃, recording the germination condition once per week, continuing for three months, obtaining the identification of germinated seed species, and finally screening the suitable rural soil species by combining the underground identified seed species with the overground target species.
C. Slope surface treatment: a plurality of horizontal grooves are excavated on the steep slope surface of the whole restoration area, the depth of each horizontal groove is 20-30 cm, and the vertical distance between every two adjacent horizontal grooves is 1-2 m, so that the method is used for bottom application and closure of the precipitation of the storage slope surface.
D. Bottom application of biological bacteria humus: applying biological fungus humus at the bottom of each horizontal groove, wherein the amount of the applied biological fungus humus at the bottom is 0.1 kg/square meter of the bottom of the groove, the biological fungus humus consists of a humus mixture and a plant growth promoting rhizobium liquid, the bacteria content in each milliliter of the plant growth promoting rhizobium liquid is 20 hundred million, the application ratio of the plant growth promoting rhizobium liquid is 0.05ml/g of the humus mixture, and the humus mixture consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of organic matter, 25 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of decomposed organic matter and 15 parts of complexing displacement agent.
E. And (3) carrying out wet spray seeding on the mixed material: and D, taking the biological fungus humus prepared in the step D, uniformly mixing the biological fungus humus, the soil in the remediation area, the water-retaining agent, the plant fiber, the degradable plant adhesive and the seeds suitable for the local soil species to obtain a mixed material, carrying out spray sowing on the mixed material and water by using centrifugal pump spray sowing equipment according to the proportion of 1:1-1:9 (specifically according to the steep slope soil quality and the gradient ratio), wherein the spray sowing thickness is 3-5mm, and the mass ratio of the biological fungus humus, the soil in the remediation area, the water-retaining agent, the plant fiber and the degradable plant adhesive in the mixed material is 35: 20: 7: 27: 1, the amount of seeds suitable for indigenous species is 2g per square meter.
F. Covering and maintaining management, cutting the non-woven fabric into 2 × 5m blocks, transversely covering, sewing the periphery and the middle of the non-woven fabric, fixing the non-woven fabric in a crossed manner by using 3# iron wires, covering the slope surface by using the non-woven fabric, covering and moisturizing the seeds which are sprayed and planted, watering and maintaining in a maintaining period, wherein the watering period is 30 days, the continuous watering is carried out in the first 10 days, the watering is carried out at intervals after 10 days according to weather and grass seed growth data, the watering is stopped according to the growth data after 30 days, and the compound fertilizer is directly applied by manual spreading or is diluted by adding water into the fertilizer and sprayed for 3 times according to the plant growth condition, the pest control work is strengthened, the pest control work is carried out, the pest and disease damage are killed in time, the non-woven fabric is removed when the height of young grass reaches 6-7cm or 2-3 leaves are produced.
Example 2
A method for carrying out abrupt slope ecological restoration by utilizing biological bacteria humus comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) overground species analysis, namely performing universal sampling on overground vegetation of a restoration area and overground vegetation adjacent to the restoration area, selecting more than three sampling, wherein the specification of the shrub and grass sampling is 1 × 1 m, the specification of the arbor and shrub sampling is 4 × 4 m, selecting species according to the average coverage and the number of plants in the sampling, and taking the species with the coverage of more than 60% as a target species.
B. Selecting more than four underground seed bank soil samples with the specification of 20cm × 20cm within the diameter range of 1-2 m of the rootstocks of the selected target species randomly, dividing each soil sample into two layers of soil samples from the ground surface to the underground of 5cm and from the underground of 5-10cm, dividing the two layers of soil samples from the ground surface to the underground of 5cm and from the underground of 5-10cm into 3 parts respectively, reserving one soil sample, placing the other two soil samples into a fine sand germination disk which is 3mm thick and is inactivated in an oven at 200 ℃ for 6h, carrying out germination tests in the same test environment simulating rainfall of a repair area, controlling the temperature to be 10-23 ℃, recording the germination condition once per week, continuing for three months, obtaining the identification of germinated seed species, and finally screening the suitable rural soil species by combining the underground identified seed species with the overground target species.
C. Slope surface treatment: a plurality of horizontal grooves are excavated on the steep slope surface of the whole restoration area, the depth of each horizontal groove is 20-30 cm, and the vertical distance between every two adjacent horizontal grooves is 1-2 m, so that the method is used for bottom application and closure of the precipitation of the storage slope surface.
D. Bottom application of biological bacteria humus: applying biological fungus humus at the bottom of each horizontal groove, wherein the amount of the applied biological fungus humus at the bottom is 0.1 kg/square meter of the bottom of the groove, the biological fungus humus consists of a humus mixture and a plant growth promoting rhizobium liquid, the bacteria content in each milliliter of the plant growth promoting rhizobium liquid is 20 hundred million, the application ratio of the plant growth promoting rhizobium liquid is 0.05ml/g of the humus mixture, and the humus mixture consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of organic matters, 15 parts of humic acid, 30 parts of decomposed organic matters and 5 parts of complexing displacement agents.
E. And (3) carrying out wet spray seeding on the mixed material: and D, taking the biological fungus humus prepared in the step D, uniformly mixing the biological fungus humus, the soil in the remediation area, the water-retaining agent, the plant fiber, the degradable plant adhesive and the seeds suitable for the local soil species to obtain a mixed material, carrying out spray sowing on the mixed material and water by using centrifugal pump spray sowing equipment according to the proportion of 1:1-1:9 (specifically according to the steep slope soil quality and the gradient ratio), wherein the spray sowing thickness is 3-5mm, and the mass ratio of the biological fungus humus, the soil in the remediation area, the water-retaining agent, the plant fiber and the degradable plant adhesive in the mixed material is 40: 15: 10: 22: 3, the amount of seeds suitable for indigenous species is 2g per square meter.
F. Covering and maintaining management, cutting the non-woven fabric into 2 × 5m blocks, transversely covering, sewing the periphery and the middle of the non-woven fabric, fixing the non-woven fabric in a crossed manner by using 3# iron wires, covering the slope surface by using the non-woven fabric, covering and moisturizing the seeds which are sprayed and planted, watering and maintaining in a maintaining period, wherein the watering period is 30 days, the continuous watering is carried out in the first 10 days, the watering is carried out at intervals after 10 days according to weather and grass seed growth data, the watering is stopped according to the growth data after 30 days, and the compound fertilizer is directly applied by manual spreading or is diluted by adding water into the fertilizer and sprayed for 6 times according to the plant growth condition, the pest control work is strengthened, the pest control work is carried out, the pest and disease damage are killed in time, the non-woven fabric is removed when the height of young grass reaches 6-7cm or 2-3 leaves are produced.
Example 3
A method for carrying out abrupt slope ecological restoration by utilizing biological bacteria humus comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) overground species analysis, namely performing universal sampling on overground vegetation of a restoration area and overground vegetation adjacent to the restoration area, selecting more than three sampling, wherein the specification of the shrub and grass sampling is 1 × 1 m, the specification of the arbor and shrub sampling is 4 × 4 m, selecting species according to the average coverage and the number of plants in the sampling, and taking the species with the coverage of more than 60% as a target species.
B. Selecting more than four underground seed bank soil samples with the specification of 20cm × 20cm within the diameter range of 1-2 m of the rootstocks of the selected target species randomly, dividing each soil sample into two layers of soil samples from the ground surface to the underground of 5cm and from the underground of 5-10cm, dividing the two layers of soil samples from the ground surface to the underground of 5cm and from the underground of 5-10cm into 3 parts respectively, reserving one soil sample, placing the other two soil samples into a fine sand germination disk which is 3mm thick and is inactivated in an oven at 200 ℃ for 6h, carrying out germination tests in the same test environment simulating rainfall of a repair area, controlling the temperature to be 10-23 ℃, recording the germination condition once per week, continuing for three months, obtaining the identification of germinated seed species, and finally screening the suitable rural soil species by combining the underground identified seed species with the overground target species.
C. Slope surface treatment: a plurality of horizontal grooves are excavated on the steep slope surface of the whole restoration area, the depth of each horizontal groove is 20-30 cm, and the vertical distance between every two adjacent horizontal grooves is 1-2 m, so that the method is used for bottom application and closure of the precipitation of the storage slope surface.
D. Bottom application of biological bacteria humus: applying biological fungus humus at the bottom of each horizontal groove, wherein the amount of the applied biological fungus humus at the bottom is 0.1 kg/square meter of the bottom of the groove, the biological fungus humus consists of a humus mixture and a plant growth promoting rhizobium liquid, the bacteria content in each milliliter of the plant growth promoting rhizobium liquid is 20 hundred million, the application ratio of the plant growth promoting rhizobium liquid is 0.05ml/g of the humus mixture, and the humus mixture consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of organic matter, 20 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of decomposed organic matter and 10 parts of complexing displacement agent.
E. And (3) carrying out wet spray seeding on the mixed material: and D, taking the biological fungus humus prepared in the step D, uniformly mixing the biological fungus humus, the soil in the remediation area, the water-retaining agent, the plant fiber, the degradable plant adhesive and the seeds suitable for the local soil species to obtain a mixed material, carrying out spray sowing on the mixed material and water by using centrifugal pump spray sowing equipment according to the proportion of 1:1-1:9 (specifically according to the steep slope soil quality and the gradient ratio), wherein the spray sowing thickness is 3-5mm, and the mass ratio of the biological fungus humus, the soil in the remediation area, the water-retaining agent, the plant fiber and the degradable plant adhesive in the mixed material is 38: 18: 7: 25: 2, the amount of seeds suitable for indigenous species is 2g per square meter.
F. Covering and maintaining management, cutting the non-woven fabric into 2 × 5m blocks, transversely covering, sewing the periphery and the middle of the non-woven fabric, fixing the non-woven fabric in a crossed manner by using 3# iron wires, covering the slope surface by using the non-woven fabric, covering and moisturizing the seeds which are sprayed and planted, watering and maintaining in a maintaining period, wherein the watering period is 30 days, the continuous watering is carried out in the first 10 days, the watering is carried out at intervals after 10 days according to weather and grass seed growth data, the watering is stopped according to the growth data after 30 days, and the compound fertilizer is directly applied by manual spreading or is diluted by adding water into the fertilizer and sprayed for 4 times according to the plant growth condition, the pest control work is strengthened, the pest control work is carried out, the pest and disease damage are killed in time, the non-woven fabric is removed when the height of young grass reaches 6-7cm or 2-3 leaves are produced.
And (3) field test:
in 2019, 7-9 months, the method of the embodiment 3 of the invention is adopted to carry out ecological restoration on steep slopes on two sides of an expressway in a severe cold arid region with the altitude of 1900 m. In the test process, the change condition of the germination quantity of the sample plant, the change condition of the growth height of the sample plant, the change condition of the root system depth of the sample plant and the comparison condition before and after restoration are observed. See in particular fig. 2-6. Through field test verification, the method for restoring the ecological environment of the steep slope by using the biological fungus humus has the advantages of good growth vigor of plants, high survival rate, capability of restoring the original ecological environment after three-month restoration, quick restoration effect and short restoration period, and compared with the traditional restoration method, the cost can be reduced by more than 50%.
Claims (10)
1. A method for carrying out abrupt slope ecological restoration by utilizing biological bacteria humus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. aboveground species analysis: universal samples are made for the overground vegetation of the restoration area and the overground vegetation adjacent to the restoration area, more than three samples are selected, the average coverage and the number of plants in the samples are used as the basis for selecting species, and the species with the coverage of more than 60 percent are used as target species;
B. the underground seed bank analysis method is suitable for screening the native species: randomly selecting more than four underground seed bank soil samples within the diameter range of 1-2 m of the rhizomes of the selected target species, carrying out germination tests on the soil samples in a test environment simulating rainfall of a restoration area, controlling the temperature to be 10-23 ℃, recording the germination condition once every week for three months, obtaining the identification of the germinated seed species, and finally screening out the suitable native species by combining the underground identified germinated seed species with the overground target species;
C. slope surface treatment: excavating a plurality of horizontal grooves on the steep slope surface of the whole restoration area, wherein the depth of each horizontal groove is 20-30 cm, and the vertical distance between every two adjacent horizontal grooves is 1-2 m, so that the bottom application and the closure of the storage slope surface precipitation are realized;
D. bottom application of biological bacteria humus: applying biological fungus humus at the bottom of each horizontal groove, wherein the biological fungus humus consists of a humus mixture and a plant growth promoting rhizobium liquid, the application ratio of the plant growth promoting rhizobium liquid is 0.05ml/g of the humus mixture, and the humus mixture consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of organic matter, 15-25 parts of humic acid, 10-30 parts of decomposed organic matter and 5-15 parts of complexing displacement agent;
E. and (3) carrying out wet spray seeding on the mixed material: and D, taking the biological fungus humus prepared in the step D, uniformly mixing the biological fungus humus, the soil in the remediation area, the water-retaining agent, the plant fiber, the degradable plant adhesive and the seeds suitable for the local soil species to obtain a mixed material, carrying out spray-sowing on the mixed material and water by spray-sowing equipment according to the proportion of 1:1-1:9, wherein the spray-sowing thickness is 3-5mm, and the mass ratio of the biological fungus humus, the soil in the remediation area, the water-retaining agent, the plant fiber and the degradable plant adhesive in the mixed material is 35-40: 15-20: 7-10: 22-27: 1-3, the amount of seeds suitable for the indigenous species is 2g per square meter;
F. covering and maintaining management: after spray-seeding planting, covering the slope surface with non-woven fabric, and covering and moisturizing the seeds which are sprayed and planted; in the maintenance period, watering and maintaining, and applying compound fertilizer for 3-6 times according to the growth condition of plants; the prevention and control work of diseases and pests is strengthened, and the diseases and pests are discovered and killed in time; when the height of the young grass reaches 6-7cm or 2-3 leaves are produced, the non-woven fabrics are torn off; and (4) performing interval reseeding according to the density of the plants.
2. The method for restoring the ecology of the steep slope by utilizing the biological fungus humus according to the claim 1, wherein the specification of the shrub and grass type sample in the step A is 1 × 1 m, and the specification of the arbor and shrub type sample is 4 × 4 m.
3. The method for restoring the ecology of a steep slope by using biological fungus humus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and B, dividing each part of soil sample into two layers of soil samples from the earth surface to the underground, 5cm and 5-10cm, dividing the two layers of soil samples from the earth surface to the underground, 5cm and 5-10cm into 3 parts, reserving one part of soil sample, placing the other two parts of soil sample into a fine sand germination disc with the thickness of 3mm, and performing germination tests in the same test environment for simulating rainfall in the restoration area.
4. The method for restoring the ecology of a steep slope by using biological fungus humus according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fine sand is inactivated in advance by high-temperature treatment for 6 hours in a 200-DEG C oven.
5. The method for restoring the ecology of the steep slope by utilizing the biological bacteria humus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specification of the sample soil in the step B is 20cm × 20 cm.
6. The method for restoring the ecology of a steep slope by using biological fungus humus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and D, in the step D, 20 hundred million bacteria are contained in per milliliter of the plant growth promoting rhizobium bacteria liquid.
7. The method for restoring the ecology of a steep slope by using biological fungus humus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and D, applying the biological bacteria humus at the bottom of the horizontal groove in the step D, wherein the amount of the biological bacteria humus is 0.1 kg/square meter.
8. The method for restoring the ecology of a steep slope by using biological fungus humus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and E, spraying and seeding equipment is centrifugal pump spraying and seeding equipment.
9. The method for restoring the ecology of the steep slope by utilizing the biological bacteria humus according to claim 1, wherein the non-woven fabric is cut into 2 × 5m blocks and transversely paved when the non-woven fabric is covered on the slope surface in the step F, the 3# iron wire is used for cross fixation after the periphery and the middle of the non-woven fabric are sewn, and the fertilizer is directly applied by manpower or is diluted by adding water into the fertilizer and sprayed.
10. The method for restoring the ecology of a steep slope by using biological fungus humus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and F, watering and maintaining in the step F, wherein the watering period is 30 days, the watering is carried out continuously in the first 10 days, the watering is carried out at intervals according to weather and grass growth data after 10 days, and the watering is stopped according to the growth data after 30 days.
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