CN111133973A - Mine restoration ecological planning method based on geographic information system - Google Patents
Mine restoration ecological planning method based on geographic information system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111133973A CN111133973A CN202010040435.4A CN202010040435A CN111133973A CN 111133973 A CN111133973 A CN 111133973A CN 202010040435 A CN202010040435 A CN 202010040435A CN 111133973 A CN111133973 A CN 111133973A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000272517 Anseriformes Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000213948 Astragalus sinicus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000105627 Cajanus indicus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010773 Cajanus indicus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000004784 Cymbopogon citratus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017897 Cymbopogon citratus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000219873 Vicia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001464837 Viridiplantae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mine restoration ecological planning method based on a geographic information system, which comprises the following steps: s1, geological survey: relevant data of the abandoned mine land are collected and sorted, the abandoned mine land is visually managed by combining a GIS, and a green natural landscape is reconstructed. According to the method, the soil quality of the degraded mine is effectively improved by sequentially carrying out steps of geological exploration, water storage system establishment, soil reclamation, soil remediation, livestock breeding, water flow channel dredging, vegetation restoration and the like on the mine, and meanwhile, weeds are sown on the degraded mine, so that the soil is fertilized, the fertilizer environment required by vegetation covering in the later period is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine restoration, in particular to a mine restoration ecological planning method based on a geographic information system.
Background
After the quarry is finished, the abandoned stone materials or associated stone materials are usually backfilled to the quarry, if no measures are taken for treatment, the restoration of the landscape environment is not facilitated, and the stone materials or associated stone materials are the main reasons for inducing the debris flow under the action of long-term weathering and rainwater impact, so that serious potential safety hazards exist.
In the prior art, the method for repairing the finished mining mountain mainly comprises three methods, wherein one method is equipment curing, namely, the finished mining mountain is cured by adopting mesh equipment, and the method is not beneficial to repairing the mine landscape environment. And secondly, in the foreign soil landfill, namely, the mine is filled with the foreign soil, and then green plants are planted, so that the method needs to pay a large cost, the foreign soil is desertified in dry and early areas, new ecological problems are caused, and the repairing effect is general. Thirdly, the grass seeds or the tree seeds are sown in an aerial way, although the mode is simple and low in price, in northwest areas of China, in the environment of windy and sandy drought all the year round, the enzyme activity is reduced after the seeds are sown, so that the survival rate and survival rate of the grass seeds or the tree seeds sown in an aerial way are generally low, repeated reseeding is needed every year, and the continuity of repair is poor. Therefore, a mine restoration ecological planning method based on a geographic information system is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mine restoration ecological planning method based on a geographic information system, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a mine restoration ecological planning method based on a geographic information system comprises the following steps:
s1, geological survey: collecting and sorting related data of the abandoned mine land, performing visual management on the abandoned mine land by combining a GIS (geographic information system), and reconstructing a green natural landscape;
s2, establishing a water storage system: the water storage system comprises a reservoir, a filtering mechanism, a valve, a water inlet and a water outlet;
s3, soil reclamation: according to the actual situation, large-area land is reclaimed, the soil quality and the water body environment are improved, and the desertification process is reduced;
s4, soil remediation: turning the surface of the mine ground, leveling the ground, and applying calcium phosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate into soil;
s5, livestock and poultry breeding: the local resources are utilized, and the livestock and poultry breeding industrialization of pigs, chickens, ducks and the like is realized in the ecological restoration planning process of the mine wasteland;
s6, dredging a water flow channel: dredging water flow channels, reducing the diffusion degree of the high-salinity water body, improving water quality and accelerating the water body to be circularly updated;
s7, vegetation recovery: sowing any weeds in the astragalus sinicus, the lemongrass, the vetch or the pigeon pea in the soil, digging planting holes according to the planting hole spacing of 5-8m after the first-stage weeds grow, and planting vegetation on the planting holes;
s8, observation and maintenance: on-site observation and maintenance are performed periodically every month.
Preferably, the selection of the vegetation type in S7 should follow the following principles: firstly, the water and fertilizer conditions of the mine wasteland are severe, the content of toxic and harmful substances is high, and tree species which have resistance to drought, salt and alkali and the like and have wide tolerance range on the toxic and harmful substances are selected; secondly, according to the local conditions of the abandoned mine land, plants which have developed root systems, can fix nitrogen and soil, have higher growth speed and luxuriant branches and leaves, and can cover the ground for a long time as soon as possible are selected to effectively prevent wind erosion and water erosion: thirdly, selecting plants which are easy to sow, strong in seed germination capacity, strong in seedling stage stress resistance and easy to survive; fourthly, local excellent local tree species are selected as pioneer tree species as much as possible, and external fast-growing tree species can also be introduced; fifthly, when selecting the tree species, the ecological benefit and the economic benefit are considered as much as possible, and the plants which can adapt to the extreme conditions of the abandoned land and can be naturally established should be used as the pioneer tree species which are considered preferentially.
Preferably, the S4 is fertilized according to the dosage of 20-45kg per mu.
Preferably, the dosage of the weeds in the S7 is controlled to be 2-5kg per mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out geological exploration, water storage system establishment, soil reclamation, soil remediation, livestock and poultry cultivation, water flow channel dredging, vegetation restoration and the like on the mine, effectively improving the soil quality of the degraded mine soil, sowing weeds in the degraded mine, fertilizing the soil, and covering the fertilizer environment required by later vegetation, and ensuring the water consumption requirement of the mine soil restoration and improving the water environment by establishing the water storage system and dredging the water flow channel The economic benefit is higher, and the method is worth popularizing and using.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, a mine restoration ecological planning method based on a geographic information system includes the following steps:
s1, geological survey: collecting and sorting related data of the abandoned mine land, performing visual management on the abandoned mine land by combining a GIS (geographic information system), and reconstructing a green natural landscape;
s2, establishing a water storage system: the water storage system comprises a reservoir, a filtering mechanism, a valve, a water inlet and a water outlet, and water required by the mine soil remediation is guaranteed by the arrangement of the water storage system;
s3, soil reclamation: according to the actual situation, large-area land is reclaimed, the soil quality and the water body environment are improved, and the desertification process is reduced;
s4, soil remediation: turning the surface of the mine ground, leveling the ground, and fertilizing according to the dosage of 20-45kg per mu to apply calcium phosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to the soil;
s5, livestock and poultry breeding: the local resources are utilized, and the livestock and poultry breeding industrialization of pigs, chickens, ducks and the like is realized in the ecological restoration planning process of the mine wasteland;
s6, dredging a water flow channel: dredging water flow channels, reducing the diffusion degree of the high-salinity water body, improving water quality and accelerating the water body to be circularly updated;
s7, vegetation recovery: sowing any weeds in astragalus sinicus, lemongrass, vetch or pigeon pea into soil, controlling the dosage of the weeds to be 2-5kg per mu, digging planting holes according to the planting hole spacing of 5-8m after the first-stage weeds grow, and planting vegetation on the planting holes, wherein the vegetation is selected according to the following principles: firstly, the water and fertilizer conditions of the mine wasteland are severe, the content of toxic and harmful substances is high, and tree species which have resistance to drought, salt and alkali and the like and have wide tolerance range on the toxic and harmful substances are selected; secondly, according to the local conditions of the abandoned mine land, plants which have developed root systems, can fix nitrogen and soil, have higher growth speed and luxuriant branches and leaves, and can cover the ground for a long time as soon as possible are selected to effectively prevent wind erosion and water erosion: thirdly, selecting plants which are easy to sow, strong in seed germination capacity, strong in seedling stage stress resistance and easy to survive; fourthly, local excellent local tree species are selected as pioneer tree species as much as possible, and external fast-growing tree species can also be introduced; fifthly, when selecting the tree species, the ecological benefit and the economic benefit are taken into consideration as much as possible, and the plants which can adapt to the extreme conditions of the abandoned land and can be naturally settled are taken as the pioneer tree species which are considered preferentially;
s8, observation and maintenance: on-site observation and maintenance are performed periodically every month.
According to the method, the soil quality of the degraded mine is effectively improved by sequentially carrying out steps of geological exploration, water storage system establishment, soil reclamation, soil remediation, livestock breeding, water flow channel dredging, vegetation restoration and the like on the mine, and meanwhile, weeds are sown on the degraded mine, so that the soil is fertilized, and the fertilizer environment required by later vegetation covering is facilitated.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A mine restoration ecological planning method based on a geographic information system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, geological survey: collecting and sorting related data of the abandoned mine land, performing visual management on the abandoned mine land by combining a GIS (geographic information system), and reconstructing a green natural landscape;
s2, establishing a water storage system: the water storage system comprises a reservoir, a filtering mechanism, a valve, a water inlet and a water outlet;
s3, soil reclamation: according to the actual situation, large-area land is reclaimed, the soil quality and the water body environment are improved, and the desertification process is reduced;
s4, soil remediation: turning the surface of the mine ground, leveling the ground, and applying calcium phosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate into soil;
s5, livestock and poultry breeding: the local resources are utilized, and the livestock and poultry breeding industrialization of pigs, chickens, ducks and the like is realized in the ecological restoration planning process of the mine wasteland;
s6, dredging a water flow channel: dredging water flow channels, reducing the diffusion degree of the high-salinity water body, improving water quality and accelerating the water body to be circularly updated;
s7, vegetation recovery: sowing any weeds in the astragalus sinicus, the lemongrass, the vetch or the pigeon pea in the soil, digging planting holes according to the planting hole spacing of 5-8m after the first-stage weeds grow, and planting vegetation on the planting holes;
s8, observation and maintenance: on-site observation and maintenance are performed periodically every month.
2. The mine restoration ecological planning method based on the geographic information system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the selection of the vegetation type in S7 should follow several principles: firstly, the water and fertilizer conditions of the mine wasteland are severe, the content of toxic and harmful substances is high, and tree species which have resistance to drought, salt and alkali and the like and have wide tolerance range on the toxic and harmful substances are selected; secondly, according to the local conditions of the abandoned mine land, plants which have developed root systems, can fix nitrogen and soil, have higher growth speed and luxuriant branches and leaves, and can cover the ground for a long time as soon as possible are selected to effectively prevent wind erosion and water erosion: thirdly, selecting plants which are easy to sow, strong in seed germination capacity, strong in seedling stage stress resistance and easy to survive; fourthly, local excellent local tree species are selected as pioneer tree species as much as possible, and external fast-growing tree species can also be introduced; fifthly, when selecting the tree species, the ecological benefit and the economic benefit are considered as much as possible, and the plants which can adapt to the extreme conditions of the abandoned land and can be naturally established should be used as the pioneer tree species which are considered preferentially.
3. The mine restoration ecological planning method based on the geographic information system according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step S4, fertilizing is carried out according to the dosage of 20-45kg per mu.
4. The mine restoration ecological planning method based on the geographic information system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dosage of the weeds in the S7 is controlled to be 2-5kg per mu.
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| CN202010040435.4A CN111133973A (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-15 | Mine restoration ecological planning method based on geographic information system |
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| CN202010040435.4A CN111133973A (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-15 | Mine restoration ecological planning method based on geographic information system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113841565A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-28 | 中煤地质集团有限公司 | Construction method for soil covering and grass planting in alpine regions of plateau |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102511214A (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2012-06-27 | 甄文杰 | Method for recultivating collapsed soil in coal mining |
| CN108049384A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-18 | 安徽金联地矿科技有限公司 | Degeneration ecological restoration of mine manages system and restorative procedure |
| CN109769568A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-05-21 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | A kind of method of opencast coal mine dump restoration of the ecosystem |
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2020
- 2020-01-15 CN CN202010040435.4A patent/CN111133973A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102511214A (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2012-06-27 | 甄文杰 | Method for recultivating collapsed soil in coal mining |
| CN108049384A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-18 | 安徽金联地矿科技有限公司 | Degeneration ecological restoration of mine manages system and restorative procedure |
| CN109769568A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-05-21 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | A kind of method of opencast coal mine dump restoration of the ecosystem |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 白中科等: "再论矿区生态系统恢复重建", 《中国土地科学》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113841565A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-28 | 中煤地质集团有限公司 | Construction method for soil covering and grass planting in alpine regions of plateau |
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Application publication date: 20200512 |