CN109832074B - Method for recovering vegetation in karst region lead-zinc ore polluted rocky desertification area - Google Patents
Method for recovering vegetation in karst region lead-zinc ore polluted rocky desertification area Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
The invention discloses an implementation method for vegetation recovery in a karst region lead-zinc ore polluted rocky desertification region. The method comprises the following steps: the slope surface is cleaned and leveled; the slope surfaces at different angles adopt different recovery methods: planting trees on the slope surface with the temperature less than 60 ℃ by using the tree species of drought-resistant barren soil; drilling holes on the slope surface at the angle of more than 65 degrees and less than 85 degrees, driving the holes into expansion hooks, and fixing a slope protection net on the expansion hooks; weaving a plant fiber net on the surface of the iron wire net; spraying local mother soil mixed with plant seeds, a water-retaining agent, an adhesive, humus soil and the like on the slope; planting vine plants on the slope surface with the angle larger than 85 degrees for afforestation; and (5) maintenance management. The implementation method for vegetation restoration in the stony desertification region adopts different restoration methods according to different terrains, mainly adopts local dominant plants, constructs a complete plant ecological chain, has strong pertinence, simple and convenient implementation process and stable and durable restoration effect, can better adapt to the ecological environment of the karst region, and achieves the effects of preventing water and soil loss and protecting the ecological environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for implementing vegetation recovery in a karst region and a lead-zinc ore polluted rocky desertification region.
Background
The geological background of the south-west karst region of China is unique, a ground surface-underground double-layer space structure is generated under the action of strong chemical corrosion of carbonate rocks for a long time, the soil layer is shallow and discontinuous, the heterogeneity is strong, and the interference of human activities including farming activities is enough to destroy the fragile ecology of the karst region, so that the rocky desertification of the region is caused. In general, rocky desertification is an evolution process which is similar to desertification landscape visually, and causes human-ground contradiction and prominence, vegetation damage, water and soil loss, gradual rock uncovering and land productivity decline loss due to unreasonable social and economic activities of human beings under a karst fragile ecological environment.
Unreasonable land utilization by human beings aggravates water and soil loss in the area. The water and soil loss reduces the soil fertility and loses nutrients, so that the soil and vegetation are degraded, and finally, the land resources cannot be utilized to aggravate the stony desertification. In recent years, a lot of studies are carried out on the physicochemical properties of soil in karst regions by some scholars, and the soil effect in the stony desertification control process, the influence of vegetation degradation on soil organic matters and nutrients, the relationship between soil organic carbon and unit weight and the like are mainly studied, so that important scientific basis and theoretical support are provided for the stony desertification control engineering in the karst regions. The inventor of the application tries to provide an effective method for recovering vegetation in the karst region stony desertification region by combining the years of repair practice on the karst region on the basis of previous researches.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the inventor of the application provides a method for recovering vegetation in a karst region lead-zinc ore polluted rocky desertification area, which comprises the following steps:
(1) removing pumice with potential safety hazards in the area to be repaired by adopting an excavator, and leveling the land;
(2) carrying out tree planting and afforestation on the slope surface with the temperature less than 60 ℃ in the area to be repaired by using drought-resistant barren soil;
(3) on the slope surface with the angle of more than 65 degrees and less than 85 degrees in the area to be repaired, constructors hang down from the mountain sitting hanging plate, drill holes with the diameter of 16mm on the limestone slope by using a percussion drill, and drive the holes into expansion hooks at the distance of 2 m; the slope protection net adopts diamond-shaped hole wire netting with the upper diagonal line and the lower diagonal line of 3cm and the left diagonal line and the right diagonal line of 6cm, the wire netting is put down from top to bottom along the slope, and the wire netting is fixed on the expansion hook; weaving a plant fiber net on the surface of the wire netting, wherein the material is mainly tree branches and straws and is secondarily grass fiber, and the plant fiber net is tightly attached to the surface of the stone side slope as much as possible; spraying mother soil mixed uniformly with auxiliary materials and plant seeds on the slope and the wire netting, wherein the spraying thickness is about 10 cm;
(4) selecting vine plants to be planted on the slope surface with the angle of more than 85 degrees in the area to be repaired; after the soil is sprayed and sown, planting holes are arranged at the slope bottom; before planting, the nursery stock is dipped with rooting powder or slurry for treatment; placing the nursery stock in a planting hole to ensure that the root system is smooth and straight, righting the nursery stock, filling a pit with a compound fertilizer, covering soil, treading, compacting, and then covering the surface with broken stones or litter;
(5) maintenance management: spraying water, reseeding, fertilizing, preventing and curing plant diseases and insect pests at regular intervals, wherein the grass seeds are germinated and in the seedling stage, the watering and curing are mainly paid attention to, the plants are sprayed in a mist form when being watered, and the plants are fertilized and prevented and cured at proper time in the gradual growth process.
Further, the species of the drought-resistant barren soil include cornus wilsoniana, coriaria sinica, hedera, rhododendron, gleditsia sinensis, goldenrain tree, bamboo and ligustrum japonicum.
Further, the mother soil is a mixture obtained by sieving soil formed after perennial weathering near the area to be repaired, sandy soil generated during clearing and gravel crushed sandy soil through a steel bar screen with the pores of 6 to 8 cm and removing large gravel impurities and soil particles.
Furthermore, the auxiliary materials are a mixture of humus, compound fertilizer, flour or corn flour and wood chips.
Further, the spray seeding method in the step (3) comprises the following steps: 10 cubic meters of water is firstly poured into the spray-seeding machine, the machine is started to stir, then 4.6 cubic meters of parent soil are added, 300 jin of humus soil, 320 jin of compound fertilizer, 120 jin of flour or corn flour and 300 jin of wood flour are added.
And further, 4.6 kilograms of water-retaining agent and adhesive are added 2 minutes before spray sowing, and epoxy resin regulator is added to the slope surface with the temperature of more than 70 ℃.
Further, plant seeds, moss and green algae powder are mixed in the soil; the plant seed comprises coriaria sinica, birch, palm, bicolor lespedeza, faecia pinnata, negundo chastetree, crowberry roots, astragalus sinicus, ryegrass for lawn, tall fescue, alfalfa, safflower, white flower clover, kudzu, morinda officinalis, lysimachia christinae, yellow-eared holly root and south-west fescue.
Further, the vine plant comprises bock greenbrier rhizome, spatholobus suberectus, mucuna brevicornus, hedera helix, paederia scandens and boston ivy.
The application discloses a method for vegetation restoration in a karst region lead-zinc ore polluted rocky desertification region, different implementation schemes are adopted according to different terrain slopes, local dominant plants are adopted, a complete plant ecological chain is constructed, the method has strong pertinence, the implementation process is simple and convenient, the restoration effect is stable and lasting, the advantages of being suitable for the ecological environment of the karst region can be better, and the method has important significance for preventing water and soil loss and protecting the ecological environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a real photographed image of a afforestation method for vegetation restoration in a karst region lead-zinc ore polluted rocky desertification area;
FIG. 2 is a real photographed image of a wire mesh and woven plant fibers in a karst region lead-zinc ore polluted rocky desertification region vegetation recovery method according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a preparation real shot diagram of the spray seeding material for the vegetation recovery method in the karst region lead-zinc ore polluted rocky desertification area;
FIG. 4 is a mixed real shot diagram of the spray seeding material of the method for vegetation restoration in the karst region lead-zinc ore polluted rocky desertification region;
FIG. 5 is a real shot diagram of the effect after the spray seeding of the method for recovering the vegetation in the karst region in the lead-zinc ore polluted rocky desertification region;
FIG. 6 is a real photographed image after 2 months of engineering implementation of the method for recovering vegetation in the karst region lead-zinc ore polluted rocky desertification region;
FIG. 7 is a real photographed image after 3 years of engineering implementation of the method for recovering vegetation in the karst region lead-zinc ore polluted rocky desertification region.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The vegetation recovery principle of the karst region lead-zinc ore polluted rocky desertification region is based on that spray-sown seeds and planted plants in the region can survive and grow, a plant circulation ecosystem is successfully constructed, a mixture of compound fertilizer, flour or corn flour and sawdust is adopted as an auxiliary material to provide nutrition required for the growth of microorganisms, the successful survival of the microorganisms ensures that water and soil are not lost, the water and soil can be conserved to provide a proper living environment for subsequent plants, the living environment of the plants in the region can be continuously improved, and rock weathering is delayed.
Referring to fig. 1-7, the method for recovering the vegetation in the karst region lead-zinc ore polluted rocky desertification area comprises the following steps:
(1) removing pumice with potential safety hazards in the area to be repaired by adopting an excavator, and leveling the land;
(2) carrying out tree planting and afforestation on the slope surface with the temperature less than 60 ℃ in the area to be repaired by using the drought-resistant barren soil, and referring to figure 1;
(3) on the slope surface with the angle of more than 65 degrees and less than 85 degrees in the area to be repaired, constructors hang down from the mountain sitting hanging plate, drill holes with the diameter of 16mm on the limestone slope by using a percussion drill, and drive the holes into expansion hooks at the distance of 2 m; the slope protection net adopts diamond-shaped hole wire netting with the upper diagonal line and the lower diagonal line of 3cm and the left diagonal line and the right diagonal line of 6cm, the wire netting is put down from top to bottom along the slope, and the wire netting is fixed on the expansion hook; weaving a plant fiber net on the surface of the wire netting, wherein the material is mainly tree branches and straws and is assisted by grass fibers, and the plant fiber net is tightly attached to the surface of the stone side slope as much as possible, see figure 2; spraying mother soil (see figure 4) mixed with adjuvants and plant seeds uniformly onto the slope and wire netting, wherein the spraying thickness is about 10cm, see figure 5;
(4) selecting vine plants to be planted on the slope surface with the angle of more than 85 degrees in the area to be repaired; after the soil is sprayed and sown, planting holes are arranged at the slope bottom; before planting, the nursery stock is dipped with rooting powder or slurry for treatment; placing the nursery stock in a planting hole to ensure that the root system is smooth and straight, righting the nursery stock, filling a pit with a compound fertilizer, covering soil, treading, compacting, and then covering the surface with broken stones or litter;
(5) maintenance management: spraying water, reseeding, fertilizing, preventing and curing plant diseases and insect pests at regular intervals, wherein the grass seeds are germinated and in the seedling stage, the watering and curing are mainly paid attention to, the plants are sprayed in a mist form when being watered, and the plants are fertilized and prevented and cured at proper time in the gradual growth process.
In embodiments of the application, the species of drought-tolerant barren soil include cornus wilsoniana, coriaria sinica, hedera, rhododendron, gleditsia sinensis, goldenrain, bamboo and ligustrum japonicum.
In the embodiment of the application, the mother soil is a mixture formed by removing large stone gravel impurities and soil particles through a steel bar screen with 6-8 cm pores, namely soil formed after perennial weathering near an area to be repaired, sandy soil generated during clearing and gravel crushed sandy soil, and the steel bar screen is shown in fig. 3; the auxiliary materials are a mixture of humus soil, compound fertilizer, flour or corn flour and wood chips.
In an embodiment of the present application, the spray seeding method in step (3) includes: 10 cubic meters of water is firstly poured into the spray-seeding machine, the machine is started to stir, then 4.6 cubic meters of parent soil are added, 300 jin of humus soil, 320 jin of compound fertilizer, 120 jin of flour or corn flour and 300 jin of wood flour are added. Preferably, 4.6 kilograms of water retention agent and adhesive are added 2 minutes before spraying, and epoxy resin regulator is added on the slope surface with the temperature of more than 70 ℃.
In the embodiment of the application, plant seeds and moss and chlorella powder are mixed in the soil; the plant seed comprises coriaria sinica, birch, palm, bicolor lespedeza, faecia pinnata, negundo chastetree, crowberry roots, astragalus sinicus, ryegrass for lawn, tall fescue, alfalfa, safflower, white flower clover, kudzu, morinda officinalis, lysimachia christinae, yellow-eared holly root and south-west fescue.
In embodiments of the application, the vine plant comprises bock greenbrier rhizome, spatholobus suberectus, mucuna sempervirens, feverfew, paederia scandens, and parthenocissus tricuspidata.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for recovering vegetation in a karst region lead-zinc ore polluted rocky desertification area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) removing pumice with potential safety hazards in the area to be repaired by adopting an excavator, and leveling the land;
(2) carrying out tree planting and afforestation on the slope surface with the temperature less than 60 ℃ in the area to be repaired by using the tree species of the drought-resistant barren soil;
(3) on the slope surface with the angle of more than 65 degrees and less than 85 degrees in the area to be repaired, constructors hang down from the mountain sitting hanging plate, drill holes with the diameter of 16mm on the limestone slope by using a percussion drill, and drive the holes into expansion hooks at the distance of 2 m; the slope protection net adopts diamond-shaped hole wire netting with the upper diagonal line and the lower diagonal line of 3cm and the left diagonal line and the right diagonal line of 6cm, the wire netting is put down from top to bottom along the slope, and the wire netting is fixed on the expansion hook; weaving a plant fiber net on the surface of the wire netting, wherein the material mainly comprises branches and straws and the grass fiber is used as an auxiliary material and is tightly attached to the surface of the stone side slope; spraying mother soil mixed uniformly with auxiliary materials and plant seeds on the slope and the wire netting, wherein the spraying thickness is about 10 cm;
(4) selecting liana to plant on a slope surface with the angle of more than 85 degrees in an area to be repaired; after the spraying of the mother soil is finished, planting holes are arranged at the slope bottom, and the seedlings are planted; before planting, the nursery stock is dipped with rooting powder or slurry for treatment; placing the nursery stock in a planting hole to ensure that the root system is smooth and straight, righting the nursery stock, filling a compound fertilizer in the planting hole, covering soil, treading, compacting, and then covering the surface with broken stones or litter;
(5) maintenance management: regularly spraying water, reseeding, fertilizing, preventing and curing plant diseases and insect pests, germinating grass seeds and in a seedling stage, focusing on watering and curing, spraying the water in a mist form, and timely fertilizing and preventing and curing plant diseases and insect pests in the gradual growth process of plants;
the spray seeding method in the step (3) comprises the following steps: firstly, 10 cubic meters of water is poured into the spray-seeding machine, the machine is started to stir, then 4.6 cubic meters of parent soil are added, 300 jin of humus soil, 320 jin of compound fertilizer, 120 jin of flour and 300 jin of sawdust are added;
adding 4.6 kilograms of water-retaining agent and adhesive 2 minutes before spray sowing, and adding epoxy resin regulator on the slope surface with the temperature of more than 70 ℃;
plant seeds, moss and green algae powder are mixed in the mother soil; the plant seed comprises coriaria sinica, birch, palm, bicolor lespedeza, faecia pinnata, negundo chastetree, crowberry roots, astragalus sinicus, ryegrass for lawn, tall fescue, alfalfa, safflower, white flower clover, kudzu, morinda officinalis, lysimachia christinae, yellow-eared holly root and south-west fescue.
2. The method for recovering vegetation in the stony desertification area polluted by lead-zinc ores in the karst region according to claim 1, wherein the tree species of the drought-resistant barren soil comprise cornus wilsoniana, coriaria sinica, winter jasmine, rhododendron, gleditsia sinensis, goldenrain tree, bamboo and ligustrum japonicum.
3. The method for recovering the vegetation in the karst region lead-zinc ore polluted rocky desertification region according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mother soil is a mixture of soil formed after perennial weathering near the region to be repaired, sandy soil generated in field clearing and sandy soil crushed by gravel and a steel bar screen with 6-8 cm pores, and large gravel impurities and soil particles are removed.
4. The method for recovering vegetation in the karst region lead-zinc ore polluted stony desertification area according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the auxiliary materials are a mixture of humus, compound fertilizer, flour and wood chips.
5. The method for recovering the vegetation in the karst region lead-zinc ore polluted rock-desertification area according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liana comprises bock greenbrier rhizome, lonicera fragrantissima, mucuna birdwoodiana, hedera helix, paederia scandens and boston ivy.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN110073906B (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2021-04-27 | 牟钰德 | Method for repairing degraded desertified grassland by planting herbaceous crops by wrapping and embedding nutrient slurry |
| CN110374054A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-10-25 | 重庆大学 | A kind of ecological slope protection consolidates soil structure and method |
| CN110313369A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-10-11 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | A kind of method that the transplanting of Karst region moss promotes ecosystems services |
| CN110710439A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-01-21 | 中国电建集团江西省电力建设有限公司 | Vegetation restoration process and structure of high and steep slope |
| CN112449976A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-09 | 重庆地质矿产研究院 | Plant configuration method for near-natural community construction of surface mine and industrial waste site |
| CN113079958B (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2022-04-29 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Karst region rock soil contact surface soil leakage resistance control method |
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| CN101748719A (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2010-06-23 | 南京大学 | Method of vegetation restoration and reconstruction of bare rock slope in East China |
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| CN109328805A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-02-15 | 江苏绿岩生态技术股份有限公司 | A kind of Rocky Desertification Region ecological treatment of slope method |
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| CN101543168A (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2009-09-30 | 贵州边坡生态防护研究所有限责任公司 | method for planting vegetation on the karst area slope |
| CN101748719A (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2010-06-23 | 南京大学 | Method of vegetation restoration and reconstruction of bare rock slope in East China |
| CN101761086A (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2010-06-30 | 广东省长大公路工程有限公司 | Three-dimensional net greening technique for roadbed side slope |
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