CN110073757A - A kind of greening method of high precipitous rock slope surface - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological environment restoration, in particular to a method for greening high and steep rocky slopes. The greening method of the high and steep rocky slope provided by the present invention comprises the following steps: leveling and cleaning the high and steep rocky slope to be greened; reinforcing the leveled and cleaned high and steep rocky slope; The plant fiber skeleton layer is laid on the high and steep rocky slope; the matrix nutrient layer, the shrub and grass combination seed layer and the fiber protection layer are formed by spraying successively on the plant fiber skeleton layer; the high and steep rocky slope obtained after treatment is comprehensive maintenance management. The method provided by the invention can realize greening on high and steep rocky slopes, and has good regreening effect.

Description

A Greening Method for High and Steep Rocky Slopes

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological environment restoration, in particular to a method for greening high and steep rocky slopes.

Background technique

During the construction and excavation of water conservancy, highways, mines and other earthwork projects, the original vegetation will be destroyed, causing large areas of rocky slopes to be exposed, resulting in serious soil erosion and ecological environment imbalance. There are many methods for vegetation restoration on rocky slopes, but the restoration effect is poor. Especially on the high and steep rocky slopes left over from the construction process, due to the lack of soil conditions, nutrient conditions and water conditions for plant growth, and the high and steep slopes are prone to collapse and large water and soil loss, it has been difficult for plants to regreen effectively. solve.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for greening high and steep rocky slopes. The method provided by the present invention can realize greening on high and steep rocky slopes with good regreening effect.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a method for greening a high and steep rocky slope, comprising the following steps:

(1) Level and clean the high and steep rocky slope to be greened;

(2) The high and steep rocky slope after the step (1) is processed is reinforced;

(3) laying a plant fiber skeleton layer on the high and steep rock slope after the step (2) has been processed;

(4) on the plant fiber skeleton layer in described step (3), spray and sow successively to form matrix nutrient layer, shrub-grass combination seed layer and fiber protective layer;

(5) Carrying out comprehensive maintenance and management on the high and steep rocky slope treated in the step (4).

Preferably, the height of the high and steep rock slope to be greened is ≥150m, and the slope length of the slope is ≤1000m.

Preferably, the thickness of the plant fiber skeleton layer is 3-5 cm; the plant fibers used in the plant fiber skeleton layer include crop straws.

Preferably, the thickness of the stromal nutrient layer is 6-8 cm;

In terms of parts by mass, the raw materials for preparing the substrate nutrient layer include: 49-50 parts of planting soil, 49-50 parts of nutrient materials, 0.4-0.6 parts of soil improver and 0.4-0.6 parts of water-retaining agent.

Preferably, the thickness of the shrub-grass combined seed layer is 1-1.5 cm;

In terms of parts by mass, the seeds used in the combined shrub-grass seed layer include: 100 parts of grass plant seeds, and 75-100 parts of shrub plant seeds.

Preferably, the thickness of the fiber protective layer is 0.5-1 cm;

In terms of parts by mass, the raw materials for preparing the fiber protection layer include: 99-100 parts of fiber material, 0.4-0.6 part of water-retaining agent and 0.4-0.6 part of adhesive material.

Preferably, the length of the fiber material is 1-2 cm; the fiber material is made from waste wood in the garden.

Preferably, the comprehensive maintenance system used in the comprehensive maintenance management includes a seepage irrigation maintenance system and a characteristic plant growth maintenance system.

Preferably, the seepage maintenance system includes a rainwater collection system, a filter system, a delivery pipe and a plug-in root seepage irrigation device.

Preferably, the plants used in the characteristic plant growth and maintenance system are vine seedlings in large containers.

The invention provides a greening method for high and steep rocky slopes, comprising the following steps: leveling and cleaning the high and steep rocky slopes to be greened; reinforcing the leveled and cleaned high and steep rocky slopes; A plant fiber skeleton layer is laid on the high and steep rocky slope after reinforcement; a substrate nutrient layer, a shrub-grass combination seed layer and a fiber protection layer are formed by spraying successively on the plant fiber skeleton layer; Carry out comprehensive maintenance and management on quality slopes. The present invention arranges a fiber protective layer on the shrub-grass combined seed layer, which can protect the shrub-grass combined seed layer, and at the same time play a good role in water retention and ventilation, and avoid the erosion of rainwater from causing the shrub-grass combined seed layer and matrix nutrient layer to slip and cause damage. Afforestation fails; in addition, it can solve the problem of difficult disposal of garden waste, and provides a new way for the sustainable and comprehensive utilization of agricultural and forestry waste. Therefore, the method provided by the invention can realize greening on high and steep rocky slopes, and has a good regreening effect.

Further, the comprehensive maintenance system used in the comprehensive maintenance management of the present invention includes a seepage irrigation maintenance system and a characteristic plant growth maintenance system. The plants used in the characteristic plant growth maintenance system are vine seedlings in large containers, which can further supplement the seepage irrigation maintenance system or Without artificial maintenance, the slope plants that only rely on spraying to maintain poor growth ensure the final greening effect.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of laying a plant fiber skeleton layer on a high and steep rocky slope to be greened according to the present invention.

Detailed ways

The invention provides a method for greening a high and steep rocky slope, comprising the following steps:

(1) Level and clean the high and steep rocky slope to be greened;

(2) The high and steep rocky slope after the step (1) is processed is reinforced;

(3) laying a plant fiber skeleton layer on the high and steep rock slope after the step (2) has been processed;

(4) on the plant fiber skeleton layer in described step (3), spray and sow successively to form matrix nutrient layer, shrub-grass combination seed layer and fiber protective layer;

(5) Carrying out comprehensive maintenance and management on the high and steep rocky slope treated in the step (4).

The invention smoothes and cleans the high and steep rocky slope to be greened. In the present invention, the high and steep rocky slope to be afforested preferably refers to a large area of high and steep rocky slope that is exposed due to the destruction of the original vegetation during the excavation process of earth and stone works such as water conservancy, highways, and mines; The height of the high and steep rocky slope to be greened is preferably ≥150m, and may further be 150-200mm; the length of the slope is preferably ≤1000m, and may further be 800-1000m.

The present invention has no special limitation on the specific method of leveling and cleaning, preferably including the following steps: leveling the high and steep rocky slope to be greened from top to bottom, segmented and partitioned, breaking and cleaning loose rocks and For dangerous rock mass, appropriate square cutting should be performed on the local abnormally steep areas; the strong weathered layer (thickness is about 30-200cm) on the slope surface should be excavated by manual or mechanical excavation, and all garbage and weeds should be removed. Clean up obstacles that hinder construction, such as tree roots, waste residue, etc., and ensure that the slope is as smooth as possible to avoid large protrusions and depressions; adopt a comprehensive landscape treatment plan for large boulders, combined with the overall slope greening plants in the later stage Structure, as much as possible to make the boulders and slope vegetation form a harmonious and unique landscape effect; the cleaned up sundries and wastes are transported in a timely manner and disposed of properly to avoid secondary pollution.

The invention reinforces the leveled and cleaned high and steep rock slope. In the present invention, there is no special limitation on the reinforcement method, and methods known to those skilled in the art can be used. The present invention is preferably aimed at different slope geological structures, combined with local climate and hydrological characteristics, using traditional slope protection methods (such as: anchor rod and anchor cable slope protection, lattice frame strip slope protection, active/passive protective net slope protection, flexible protective net slope protection, etc.) Reinforce the leveled and cleaned high and steep rocky slopes, and then lay barbed wire (preferably galvanized hook-and-loop wire mesh, preferably with an aperture of 3*3cm~6*6cm, and a wire diameter of preferably 1.6~3.0mm) to build the underlying foundation The material is attached to the platform, and at the same time, it is reinforced with anchor bolts. When laying, the barbed wire mesh should be laid along the slope from top to bottom, tightened to the bottom of the slope and then fixed with anchor rods, and then lay the next one. The joints are firmly tied with iron wire, and the gap between the two nets is also firmly tied with iron wire); among them, when the main anchor bar is used to fix the barbed wire net on the top of the slope, the barbed wire net is fixed in the middle of the anchor bar and then driven in. Part of the planting soil is artificially filled before laying barbed wire on slopes with deep local depressions to make the slope as a whole smooth; double-layer barbed wire is hung on abnormally steep slopes to increase the strength and adhesion of the bottom platform, which is conducive to subsequent substrate spraying operations. The bottom substrate attachment platform built with barbed wire covers the entire slope so that the whole barbed wire forms a unified force-bearing surface, which can disperse the local concentrated load to the surroundings and evenly transmit the impact force when the rock on the slope collapses or the weather peels off. In order to give full play to the protection ability of the whole system, that is, the local load, the overall effect, so that the whole system can bear a large load and reduce the anchoring force requirement of a single anchor rod, so as to play the role of overall protection of the slope. After the barbed wire is laid, crossbars can be added at intervals on the slope for some particularly steep parts, so as to facilitate the adhesion of the sprayed substrate as a standard, and the specifications of the crossbars can be selected according to the actual situation of the slope. The crossbar needs to be firmly combined with the slope. According to different situations, various methods such as steel nails, screw steel, and expansion bolts can be used to strengthen the crossbar.

The invention lays a plant fiber skeleton layer on the reinforced high and steep rock slope. In the present invention, the thickness of the plant fiber skeleton layer is preferably 3-5 cm; the plant fibers used in the plant fiber skeleton layer preferably include crop straw, more preferably rice straw, wheat straw or corn straw. In the present invention, the method for laying the plant fiber skeleton layer on the high and steep rocky slope after reinforcement preferably includes the following steps: the plant fibers with a length of 20 to 50 cm are arranged into plant fiber bundles with a diameter of 3 to 5 cm, Intersperse and fill the plant fiber bundles from top to bottom between the meshes of the barbed wire with a horizontal interval of 5-20 cm and a longitudinal interval of 50-80 cm to form a plant fiber skeleton layer with a thickness of 3-5 cm (specifically composed of several horizontal plant fibers. skeleton and several longitudinal plant fiber skeletons), wherein, in the horizontal plant fiber skeleton, the overlapping parts of two adjacent plant fiber bundles are bound and connected with 2-3 mm thick hemp rope (specifically, natural hemp rope), Increase the toughness of the horizontal plant fiber skeleton, so that each horizontal plant fiber skeleton becomes a whole and is firmly connected with the underlying barbed wire; use 2-3mm thick hemp rope at a longitudinal interval of 50-80cm to bind the horizontal plant fiber skeleton and the wire mesh together, Each longitudinal hemp rope is wound and bound from the top with a half-knot method, and the barbed wire and the horizontal plant fiber skeleton are firmly bound on the barbed wire and the anchor, so that the horizontal plant fiber skeleton, the vertical plant fiber skeleton and the barbed wire form an interweaving network structure (such as Shown in Fig. 1), reach the purpose of increasing the force of the nutrient layer of the matrix and maintaining the water retention, air permeability and hydrophobicity of the nutrient layer of the matrix, while reducing the proportion of the planting soil in the nutrient layer of the matrix, increase its toughness, prevent rainwater from scouring, infiltration resulting in landslides. In addition, after the plant fiber skeleton layer covers the matrix nutrient layer, it can effectively supplement the organic matter required for plant growth during the process of slowly decomposing in the planting soil. Among them, the organic acids produced by the decomposition of plant fibers can promote the insoluble phosphate in the soil. Converted into weakly acid-soluble phosphate, greatly improving soil fertilizer efficiency and further improving the effect of soil water storage and moisture conservation, providing a good growth environment for the growth of surface plants, and promoting the formation of the wound micro-ecological circulation system.

After the plant fiber skeleton layer is laid, the present invention sequentially sprays and sows on the plant fiber skeleton layer to form a matrix nutrient layer, a combination of shrub and grass seed layer and a fiber protection layer. In the present invention, the matrix nutrient layer, shrub-grass combination seed layer and fiber protection layer are preferably obtained by means of hierarchical pressurized spraying, more preferably by using professional spraying equipment (including high and steep slope climbing machines, double-stage energy-saving The high-lift spraying machine and the booster pump are all equipment produced by Henan Hengrui Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) to carry out the hierarchical pressurized spraying. The present invention can effectively implement the high-efficiency seeding operation on high and steep rocky slopes with a height of ≥150m and a slope length of ≤1000m through the combination of multiple stages and multiple booster pumps.

In the present invention, the thickness of the matrix nutrient layer is preferably 6-8 cm; in parts by mass, the raw materials for the preparation of the matrix nutrient layer include: 49-50 parts of planting soil, 49-50 parts of nutrient materials, soil improvement 0.4-0.6 parts of agent and 0.4-0.6 parts of water-retaining agent. The present invention has no special limitations on the planting soil, soil conditioner and water retaining agent, and materials well known to those skilled in the art can be used. In the present invention, the planting soil is preferably ordinary planting soil, which is suitable for easy availability and low cost; the soil improver preferably includes polysaccharide improvers, alkaline silicate improvers, synthetic foam resins Improver or humic acid improver; the water retaining agent preferably includes acrylamide-acrylate copolymerized cross-linked product or starch grafted acrylate copolymerized cross-linked product.

In the present invention, the preparation method of the nutritional material preferably comprises: in parts by mass, 40 parts of crushed peanut shells, 48 parts of corncobs, 4-5 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 1 part of superphosphate, plant ash 1 to 2 parts, 0.3 to 0.5 parts of urea, and 2 to 3 parts of lime are mixed evenly, and the obtained mixed material is mixed with dried cow dung after crushing and screening (adding 1 kg of organic fertilizer starter for every 1.5 tons of dry cow dung) by mass Mix evenly at a ratio of 3:1, then cover with a film and pile up for fermentation (fermentation at 65°C for 15 days) to obtain nutritional materials.

The present invention mixes planting soil, nutrient material, soil improver and water-retaining agent to obtain matrix nutrient layer material, and then preferably combines the acidity and alkalinity of the planting soil to specifically adjust the pH value of the matrix nutrient layer material. Adjust (generally controlled at 5.2 to 7.5), so as to be more conducive to the growth of plant communities. The matrix nutrient layer material provided by the invention has high organic matter content, complete nutrients, reasonable soil structure, active beneficial microorganisms, and can meet the healthy growth of crops; and has strong water and fertilizer retention ability, and can increase the survival rate of plants.

In the present invention, the thickness of the shrub-grass combination seed layer is preferably 1 to 1.5 cm; in parts by mass, the seeds used in the shrub-grass combination seed layer preferably include: 100 parts of grass seeds, shrubs 75-100 parts of seeds. In the present invention, the seeds of local native species are preferably sprayed to form a combined seed layer of shrubs and grasses. Specifically, the seeds of shrubs include Amorpha fragrans, Rhododendron chinensis, Horse thorn, Salmonella chinensis, Indigo japonica, Camellia, Rhododendron, and Red Cap One or more of Chinese rose, gardenia, oleander, medlar, pyracantha and lychee; grasses are divided into warm-season grasses according to their ecological adaptability to temperature (suitable for growth temperature of 25-35°C) and cool-season grasses (suitable growth temperature is 15°C-25°C), warm-season grasses preferably include bahia grass, bermudagrass, and teff , Zoysia and crabgrass, and the cool-season grass seeds preferably include one or more of tall fescue, awnless brome, perennial ryegrass and purple fescue. In the present invention, the specific types of grass plant seeds and shrub plant seeds are preferably selected in combination with local climate conditions to ensure plant survival rate.

The present invention adopts the above-mentioned seed spraying to form a shrub-grass combined seed layer, which can achieve a rapid and lasting slope protection effect and is beneficial to the positive succession of the ecosystem. However, if a single grass plant is sprayed, the early seed germination rate is high and the greening efficiency is good; the plant community is prone to decline in the later stage, and the secondary recovery is difficult, and the root system of the grass plant is shallow, and the effect of slope consolidation and slope protection is poor. If a single shrub plant is sprayed, although the effect of slope consolidation and slope protection is good, the amount of water and fertilizer used is small, which can alleviate the solar heat radiation and improve the local microclimate, but the single shrub plant community is prone to surface soil erosion, which is unfavorable for initial water and soil conservation.

In the present invention, the thickness of the fiber protection layer is preferably 0.5-1 cm; in terms of parts by mass, the preparation raw materials for the fiber protection layer preferably include: 99-100 parts of fiber materials, 0.4-0.6 parts of water-retaining agent and viscose 0.4 to 0.6 parts of composite materials. In the present invention, the length of the fiber material is preferably 1 to 2 cm; the fiber material is preferably made of waste wood in the garden; the present invention has no special restrictions on the specific operation method of the silk kneading. A method well known to a skilled person can be used. In the present invention, the water-retaining agent is preferably selected with reference to the type of water-retaining agent in the matrix nutrient layer material, which may be consistent with or inconsistent with it, and will not be repeated here. In the present invention, the adhesive material is preferably a fiber-specific adhesive (vegetable glue), more preferably an American FAM adhesive. In the present invention, it is preferable to select an appropriate amount of binding material according to the local soil quality to ensure the germination rate of plant seeds.

In the present invention, the preparation raw materials are preferably fully mixed and sprayed to form a fiber protection layer. In the present invention, the fiber protection layer can protect the shrub-grass combined seed layer, and at the same time play a good role in water retention and air permeability, avoiding the erosion of rainwater to cause the shrub-grass combined seed layer and matrix nutrient layer to slip and cause greening failure; in addition , can well solve the difficult problem of garden waste disposal, and provide a new way for the sustainable comprehensive utilization of agricultural and forestry waste.

After the spraying of the fiber protective layer is completed, the present invention preferably uses a special sunshade net to cover and protect the entire construction work surface, so that the vegetation at the seedling stage can be protected while maintaining heat and moisturizing, and further prevent rainwater from scouring the sprayed base material. Strengthen the protection of seedlings to ensure the final greening effect.

After the above treatment is completed, the present invention preferably performs comprehensive maintenance and management on the obtained high and steep rock slope. In the present invention, the comprehensive maintenance system used in the comprehensive maintenance management preferably includes a seepage irrigation maintenance system and a characteristic plant growth maintenance system.

In the present invention, the seepage irrigation maintenance system preferably includes a rainwater collection system, a filter system, a delivery pipe and a plug-in root seepage irrigation device; in the present invention, it is preferred to lay out different densities of seepage irrigation pipes according to different slopes to achieve full coverage; In an embodiment of the present invention, the plug-in root seepage irrigation device includes a cylindrical plunger and a plunger cap; the tail end of the plunger has a tapered end that is convenient for insertion into the ground, and its top surface has a hole extending to the vicinity of the tapered end. In the central hole, the rainwater is collected through the top of the insertion rod and flows into the central hole at the lower part of the insertion rod. There are several seepage holes on the side wall of the central hole; the corresponding filter screen is set in the central hole; the top of the insertion rod is provided with an insertion rod Cap removable cover.

In the present invention, the plants used in the characteristic plant growth and maintenance system are preferably vine seedlings in a large container. Specifically, degradable ropes are used to bind the branches of the vine seedlings in a large container to the barbed wire at the bottom of the slope, and plastic bags are used to Fill it with water, hang it above the plants that need drip irrigation, and then use a hanging needle to guide the water in the plastic bag into the planting hole, slowly moisten the soil at the root of the plant, and continue drip irrigation. The plants used in the characteristic plant growth and maintenance system in the present invention are climbing plants (specifically such as ivy), and have aerial roots. During the climbing process, the nutrients in the spraying matrix can be fully utilized, and the aerial roots will evolve into true roots in the micro-topography with suitable conditions. , in addition to providing enough nutrients for itself, it also plays a role in strengthening the base material of the wound; this climbing plant has multiple root systems distributed throughout the plant (vine), which can absorb nutrients from different places, which is equivalent to having multiple A source of nutrients to avoid the problem of dying from drought in one place. The characteristic plant growth and maintenance system in the present invention can further make up for the deficiency of the infiltration and irrigation maintenance system or the poor growth of slope plants maintained only by spraying without manual maintenance, so as to ensure the final greening effect.

The technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Greening a high and steep rocky slope to be greened in a certain place includes the following steps:

(1) Leveling and cleaning

Level the high and steep rocky slopes to be greened from top to bottom, segmented and partitioned, break and clean loose rocks and dangerous rock masses, and properly cut squares in local abnormally steep areas; use mechanical prying to excavate Excavate the strong weathered layer (thickness is about 100cm) on the slope surface by means of excavation, clean up all garbage, weeds, tree roots, waste residues and other obstacles that hinder the construction, and ensure that the slope surface is as smooth as possible to avoid Larger bumps and depressions. A comprehensive landscape treatment plan is adopted for large boulders, combined with the overall slope greening plant structure in the later stage, so that the boulders and slope vegetation form a harmonious and unique landscape effect as much as possible. The cleared sundries and wastes shall be transported in time and disposed of properly to avoid secondary pollution.

(2) Reinforcement

Reinforce the high and steep rocky slope treated in step (1) by bolt and cable slope protection, and then lay barbed wire (specifically, galvanized hook-shaped wire mesh with a hole diameter of 5*5cm and a wire diameter of 2.0mm) to build the bottom layer The base material is attached to the platform and is reinforced with anchor bolts. When laying, the barbed wire mesh should be laid along the slope from top to bottom, tightened to the bottom of the slope and then fixed with anchor rods, and then lay the next one. The joints are firmly tied with iron wire, and the gap between the two nets is also firmly tied with iron wire); among them, when the main anchor bar is used to fix the barbed wire net on the top of the slope, the barbed wire net is fixed in the middle of the anchor bar and then driven in. Part of the planting soil is artificially filled before laying barbed wire on slopes with deep local depressions to make the slope as a whole smooth; double-layer barbed wire is hung on abnormally steep slopes to increase the strength and adhesion of the bottom platform, which is conducive to subsequent substrate spraying operations.

(3) laying plant fiber skeleton layer

Plant fiber (being specifically wheat straw) that length is 20～50cm is arranged into the plant fiber bundle that diameter is 3～5cm, and in step (2) between the mesh of barbed wire, horizontal interval 5～20cm, longitudinal interval 50～80cm automatically The plant fiber bundles are interspersed and filled from top to bottom to form a plant fiber skeleton layer with a thickness of 3 to 5 cm (specifically formed by several transverse plant fiber skeletons and several longitudinal plant fiber skeletons), wherein, in the transverse plant fiber skeleton The overlapping parts of two adjacent plant fiber bundles are bound and connected with 2-3mm thick hemp rope to increase the toughness of the horizontal plant fiber skeleton, so that each horizontal plant fiber skeleton becomes a whole and is firmly connected with the underlying wire mesh; 2-3mm thick hemp ropes are bound vertically at intervals of 50-80cm to bind the horizontal plant fiber skeleton and the barbed wire mesh. Each longitudinal hemp rope is wound and bound from the top using a half-knot method, and the barbed wire mesh and the horizontal plant fiber skeleton are firmly bound between the barbed wire mesh and the wire mesh. On the anchor piece, the horizontal plant fiber skeleton, the vertical plant fiber skeleton and the barbed wire form an interwoven network structure.

(4) Gradual pressurized spraying to form matrix nutrient layer, shrub-grass combination seed layer and fiber protection layer

Utilize professional spraying equipment (including high-steep slope climbing machine, two-stage energy-saving high-lift spraying machine and booster pump, all of which are equipment produced by Henan Hengrui Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) in step (3) in the plant fiber skeleton layer Spray in turn to form a 6-8cm thick matrix nutrient layer, a 1-1.5cm thick seed layer and a 0.5-1cm fiber protection layer, and then cover and protect the entire construction work surface with a special sunshade net;

Wherein, in terms of parts by mass, the raw materials for the preparation of the matrix nutrient layer include: 49 parts of planting soil, 50 parts of nutrient materials, 0.5 part of soil improver (humic acid improver) and 0.5 part of water retaining agent (acrylamide-acrylic acid salt copolymerized cross-linked product); the preparation method of the nutritional material comprises: in parts by mass, 40 parts of crushed peanut shells, 48 parts of corn cobs, 4 to 5 parts of cottonseed cake powder and 1 part of superphosphate, Mix 1 to 2 parts of plant ash, 0.3 to 0.5 parts of urea, and 2 to 3 parts of lime, and mix the obtained mixture with the dried cow dung after crushing and sieving (add 1 kg of organic fertilizer starter for every 1.5 tons of dry cow dung). Mix evenly with a mass ratio of 3:1, then cover with a film to accumulate and ferment (fermentation at 65°C for 15 days) to obtain nutritional materials;

In terms of parts by mass, the seeds used in the combined seed layer of shrubs and grasses include: 100 parts of grass seeds and 75-100 parts of shrub seeds; specifically, grass seeds and shrubs are selected in combination with local climate conditions The kind of seed, and based on native species, wherein, grass plant seed comprises warm-season grass plant seed (specifically can be selected from bahia grass, bermudagrass, teff, zoysia and crabgrass etc.) and cool-season grass plant seeds (specifically, they can be selected from tall fescue, brome awn, perennial ryegrass and red fescue, etc.); Horse thorn, sarcocarpus, indigo, camellia, rhododendron, red hat rose, gardenia, oleander, wolfberry, pyracantha, and lychee, etc.

In terms of parts by mass, the raw materials for the preparation of the fiber protection layer include: 99-100 parts of fiber materials, 0.4-0.6 parts of water-retaining agent (acrylamide-acrylate copolymer cross-linked product) and 0.4-0.6 parts of adhesive material (U.S. FAM binder); the length of the fiber material is 1-2 cm, and it is formed by kneading waste wood in the garden.

(5) Comprehensive maintenance management

The comprehensive maintenance system is used to carry out comprehensive maintenance management on the slope in step (4), wherein the comprehensive maintenance system includes a seepage irrigation maintenance system and a characteristic plant growth maintenance system;

The seepage irrigation maintenance system includes a rainwater collection system, a filtration system, a delivery pipe and a plug-in root seepage irrigation device; according to different slopes, different densities of seepage irrigation pipes are laid to achieve full coverage; wherein, the plug-in root seepage irrigation device includes a Cylindrical plunger and a plunger cap; the end of the plunger has a tapered end for easy insertion into the ground, and its top surface has a central hole extending to the vicinity of the tapered end. Rainwater is collected through the top of the plunger and flows into the central hole at the lower part of the plunger. A plurality of seepage holes are opened on the side wall of the central hole; a filter screen is correspondingly set in the central hole; a movable cover of the plunger cap is arranged on the top of the plunger.

The plants used in the characteristic plant growth and maintenance system are vine seedlings in large containers. Specifically, the branches and vines of the vine container seedlings are tied to the barbed wire at the bottom of the slope with degradable ropes, water is filled in plastic bags, and they are hung at the desired location. Above the drip-irrigated plants, use a hanging needle to guide the water in the plastic bag into the planting hole, slowly moisten the soil at the root of the plant, and continue to drip-irrigate.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A greening method on a high and steep rocky slope, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1) Level and clean the high and steep rocky slope to be greened; (2) The high and steep rocky slope after the step (1) is processed is reinforced; (3) laying a plant fiber skeleton layer on the high and steep rock slope after the step (2) has been processed; (4) on the plant fiber skeleton layer in described step (3), spray and sow successively to form matrix nutrient layer, shrub-grass combination seed layer and fiber protective layer; (5) Carrying out comprehensive maintenance and management on the high and steep rocky slope treated in the step (4). 2. The greening method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the height of the high and steep rock slope to be greened is ≥ 150m, and the slope length of the slope is ≤ 1000m. 3. The greening method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the thickness of the plant fiber skeleton layer is 3-5 cm; the plant fibers used in the plant fiber skeleton layer include crop straws. 4. The greening method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the thickness of the matrix nutrient layer is 6 to 8 cm; In terms of parts by mass, the raw materials for preparing the substrate nutrient layer include: 49-50 parts of planting soil, 49-50 parts of nutrient materials, 0.4-0.6 parts of soil improver and 0.4-0.6 parts of water-retaining agent. 5. The greening method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, the thickness of the shrub-grass combined seed layer is 1-1.5 cm; In terms of parts by mass, the seeds used in the combined shrub-grass seed layer include: 100 parts of grass plant seeds, and 75-100 parts of shrub plant seeds. 6. The greening method according to claim 5, characterized in that, the thickness of the fiber protection layer is 0.5-1 cm; In terms of parts by mass, the raw materials for preparing the fiber protection layer include: 99-100 parts of fiber material, 0.4-0.6 part of water-retaining agent and 0.4-0.6 part of adhesive material. 7 . The greening method according to claim 6 , characterized in that, the length of the fiber material is 1-2 cm; the fiber material is formed by kneading waste wood from gardens. 8. The greening method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the comprehensive maintenance system used in the comprehensive maintenance management includes a seepage irrigation maintenance system and a characteristic plant growth maintenance system. 9. The greening method according to claim 8, characterized in that, the seepage irrigation maintenance system comprises a rainwater collection system, a filtration system, a delivery pipe and a plug-in root seepage irrigation device. 10. The greening method according to claim 8, characterized in that, the plants used in the characteristic plant growth and maintenance system are large container seedlings of vines.