CN110541423A - High-steep bare rock slope ecological restoration system and method - Google Patents
High-steep bare rock slope ecological restoration system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110541423A CN110541423A CN201910853769.0A CN201910853769A CN110541423A CN 110541423 A CN110541423 A CN 110541423A CN 201910853769 A CN201910853769 A CN 201910853769A CN 110541423 A CN110541423 A CN 110541423A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0084—Geogrids
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
- E02D2600/30—Miscellaneous comprising anchoring details
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides an ecological restoration system and method for a high steep bare rock slope, which comprises a first plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net, a soil layer, an ecological restoration planting mat, a seedling substrate layer and a second plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net from inside to outside on the slope surface of the high steep bare rock slope; the ecological restoration method comprises the steps of carrying out loose gravel risk elimination on the slope surface of the high and steep bare rock slope, cleaning and leveling the slope surface; drilling holes on the slope surface and embedding anchor rods; hanging and fixing a first plastic-coated steel wire crocheted net and a U-shaped geogrid wing groove on the anchor rod; spraying soil in and between the U-shaped geogrid wing grooves; hanging and fixing an ecological restoration planting pad and a second plastic-covered steel wire hook flower net on the anchor rod; spray seeding seedling substrate and the like. The ecological restoration system and the ecological restoration method are suitable for the high-steep rock bare rock slope surfaces on two sides of mountains, highways, railways and rivers so as to carry out quick greening protection, form a high-strength protective layer in a short time, stabilize the slope, beautify the natural environment and be suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological soil stabilization, and particularly relates to a high-steep bare rock slope ecological restoration system and method.
background
In the process of restoring the ecological environment, the foreign soil spray seeding is a main construction method for protecting the ecological side slope, namely, a granular agent is used for enabling the foreign soil to form a granular structure, and reinforced fibers play a role in network reinforcement similar to plant roots and stems in the granular structure, so that a porous stable soil structure which has certain thickness, is resistant to rain and wind erosion, is firm and breathable and is similar to or better than natural surface soil is manufactured. The spraying and seeding of foreign soil is mainly used for cultivating plants on high and steep slopes on two sides of mountains, railways, highways and rivers.
The existing foreign soil spray seeding generally comprises the following steps: cleaning and leveling the slope surface, installing a baffle plate, laying a steel wire mesh, spraying and planting soil and seedling soil, and maintaining and managing. The mode can realize slope protection and beautify the environment, but the construction process of the method is backward and simple, the soil retaining plate influences the extension development of plant roots and keeps apart the bonding of nutrient substrates, the surface steel wire mesh does not have enough thickness space and intermediate layer, so that the nutrient soil is easy to fall off, the long-term stable slope protection effect cannot be achieved, the slope fixing effect is poor, the thickness of the nutrient soil substrate sprayed is shallow, the water retention and the water content are low, and the natural succession of plant communities is difficult to form. In addition, because the slope body has a large gradient, the nutrient soil is difficult to adhere to the slope surface, and if the nutrient soil meets strong wind or heavy rainfall, the nutrient soil is easy to be stripped off the slope surface before vegetation is formed.
Therefore, the existing ecological slope protection construction method is not suitable for environmental remediation for treating high and steep slopes and poor soil slopes, and an ecological restoration system and method suitable for the high and steep slopes and the poor soil slopes are urgently needed.
disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to provide an ecological restoration system for a high and steep bare rock slope, which aims to solve the problems that the existing ecological slope protection system influences the development of plant roots, has poor slope fixing effect and is not suitable for treating and restoring the environment of the high and steep slope and poor soil slope.
The invention also aims to provide an ecological restoration method for a high and steep bare rock slope, so as to provide an ecological restoration method suitable for the high and steep slope and a poor soil slope.
One of the objects of the invention is achieved by:
The utility model provides a high steep bare rock side slope ecological recovery system, from the domatic of high steep bare rock side slope from inside to outside including: the ecological restoration planting device comprises a first plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net, a soil layer, an ecological restoration planting pad, a seedling substrate layer and a second plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net; a plurality of anchor rods arranged in a matrix manner are embedded on the slope surface of the high and steep bare rock slope, and the first plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net, the ecological restoration planting mat and the second plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net are respectively hooked on the anchor rods; a plurality of U-shaped geogrid wing grooves which are transversely arranged are buried in the soil layer, hung on the transversely arranged anchor rods and transversely arranged in rows, and distributed on the slope surface of the high and steep bare rock side slope in an up-down multi-row manner; the seedling substrate layer is laid in the soil restoration planting mat and on the surface of the soil restoration planting mat.
The slope surfaces comprise the existing original slope surface and the slope surface formed by exposed rocks, and also comprise the slope surface formed by cleaning and leveling the slope surface.
The anchor rod is a steel anti-corrosion anchor rod, the length of the anchor rod is 600-1500 mm, and the diameter of the anchor rod is more than or equal to 20 mm; the included angle between the anchor rod and the horizontal plane is 20-30 degrees, and the length of the embedded part is more than or equal to 10 mm.
Preferably, the distance between a plurality of the anchor rods is 1m multiplied by 1m, the included angle between the anchor rods and the slope surface is 30 degrees, and the end part of the exposed part of the anchor rods from the slope surface forms a smooth transition surface, preferably, the surface is a plane and is basically parallel to the slope surface.
The first plastic-coated steel wire hook net and the second plastic-coated steel wire hook net are steel wire hook nets wrapped by PP plastics.
The U-shaped geogrid wing groove is made of high-strength tensile grids, the mesh is 30-60 mm, the tensile strength of a monofilament is greater than 1000N, the width of an upper opening of the U-shaped wing groove is greater than or equal to 150mm, preferably less than or equal to 600mm, and the height of the U-shaped groove is greater than or equal to 150 mm.
the U-shaped geogrid wing grooves are internally paved with geotextile, so that soil in the grooves and on the grooves is effectively prevented from falling and losing. Preferably, the geotextile is filament PP geotextile, and the geotextile is more than or equal to 100g/m 2.
the soil thickness is equal to or slightly higher than the surface of the wing groove of the U-shaped geogrid. Preferably, the soil is artificial nutrient soil, and comprises soil, water, organic fertilizer, plant fiber, ecological glue and a water-retaining agent.
The ecological restoration planting pad comprises an upper layer stretching net, a lower layer stretching net and a supporting layer positioned between the upper layer stretching net and the lower layer stretching net, wherein the stretching net hole is more than or equal to 2.5mm, the stretching strength is more than or equal to 120N/m, the height of the supporting layer is more than or equal to 30mm, and the thickness of the upper layer net and the lower layer net is more than 30 mm; the seedling raising substrate layer is arranged between the upper stretching net and the lower stretching net.
The seedling substrate layer comprises planting soil, water, organic fertilizer, plant fiber, ecological glue, grass, arbor, shrub seeds and the like. The selection of the seedling substrate is determined according to local soil quality, and vegetation with strong stress resistance, acid and alkali resistance, barren resistance and less plant diseases and insect pests is preferably selected.
Will first package is moulded the steel wire and is colluded flower net, a plurality of U type geogrid wing groove ecological remediation plant the pad with the second package is moulded the steel wire and is colluded the flower net and fix firmware on the stock is anticorrosive firmware, and optional anticorrosive steel wire or spot welding form are fixed.
The ecological recovery system for the high and steep bare rock slope further comprises a soil covering net, and the soil covering net is laid on the second plastic-coated steel wire hook net. The soil covering net can be a polyethylene woven net.
Optionally, the ecological restoration system for the high and steep bare rock slope further comprises a drip irrigation device.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by the following steps:
A high and steep bare rock slope ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:
(a) Loosening and removing broken stones on the slope surface of the high and steep bare rock slope, and cleaning and leveling the slope surface;
(b) drilling holes on the slope surface and embedding anchor rods, wherein the anchor rods are arranged along the slope surface in a matrix manner;
(c) Hanging and fixing a first plastic-covered steel wire hook flower net on the anchor rod, and laying and covering the first plastic-covered steel wire hook flower net on the slope surface;
(d) hanging and fixing a plurality of U-shaped geogrid wing grooves on the transversely arranged anchor rods to enable the U-shaped geogrid wings to be transversely arranged in a line and to be distributed on the slope surface of the high and steep bare rock slope in a vertical multi-line manner, wherein the notches of the U-shaped geogrid wings are upward, and the anchor rods penetrate through the groove walls on two sides of the U-shaped geogrid wings;
(e) spraying and seeding soil to be attached to the inside of the U-shaped geogrid wing grooves and between the upper row of U-shaped geogrid wing grooves and the lower row of U-shaped geogrid wing grooves to form a soil layer, wherein the spraying and seeding thickness of the soil on the slope surface is limited by covering the U-shaped geogrid wing grooves;
(f) Hanging and fixing an ecological restoration planting pad on the anchor rod, so that the ecological restoration planting pad covers the soil layer;
(g) Hanging and fixing a second plastic-covered steel wire hook flower net on the anchor rod, so that the second plastic-covered steel wire hook flower net covers the surface of the ecological restoration planting mat;
(h) And spraying the seedling substrate to enable the seedling substrate to enter the interior and the surface of the ecological restoration planting mat to form the seedling substrate layer.
In the step (a), when the slope surface is leveled, cement, clay, glass fiber and soil fixing glue are mixed with water to form slurry, and the slurry is sprayed on the slope surface, wherein the spraying thickness is less than 1 cm. The mass ratio of the cement, the clay, the glass fiber and the soil-fixing glue is 30-50: 50-70: 1-5, and more preferably, the mass ratio of the cement, the clay, the glass fiber and the soil-fixing glue is 38: 58: 2.
And (b) accurately measuring the position of the anchor rod hole according to requirements, setting the anchor rod hole on the slope, and drilling the anchor rod hole by using drilling equipment to ensure that the length of the embedded part of the anchor rod is not less than 10 mm.
In the step (e), the thickness of the sprayed artificial nutrient soil is equal to or slightly higher than the surface of the wing groove of the U-shaped geogrid. And when a straight sprayed surface is sprayed, the spiral spraying motion is repeatedly and slowly carried out, and the diameter of the spiral is about 20-30 cm, so that the dense spraying of the artificial nutrient soil is ensured.
Optionally, the method may further comprise: (i) and laying a soil covering net on the surface of the second plastic-covered steel wire crocheted net, and spraying water for maintenance. And after the sprayed seedling raising base material is finally set for 2 hours, carrying out water spraying maintenance (when the temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the water spraying maintenance is not required) for not less than 14 days. Spraying water in fog every day, and spraying water in fog every 10 days after the plant seedlings emerge. When the humidity of the ambient air reaches or exceeds 85%, natural curing can be carried out.
the ecological restoration system for the high and steep bare rock slope is formed by embedding anchor rods which are arranged in a matrix manner on the slope surface of the high and steep bare rock slope, hooking a first plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net, a plurality of U-shaped geogrid wing grooves, an ecological restoration planting pad, a second plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net and the like on the anchor rods, arranging a soil layer and a planting substrate layer, ensuring the stable connection of the ecological restoration system and the slope surface, providing stable guarantee for plant growth, covering the slope surface with arbor shrubs or grass shrubs after a period of maintenance, stabilizing the slope surface, and beautifying the natural environment.
The system and the method can be used for high-steep rock bare stone slopes and poor soil slopes on two sides of mountains, roads, railways and rivers, can be used on other slopes or planes, can perform quick greening protection, can form a high-strength protective layer in a short time, has wide application prospect, and is suitable for popularization and application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ecological restoration system for a high and steep bare rock slope.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a U-shaped geogrid wing groove.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a first plastic-covered steel wire hook flower net and a second plastic-covered steel wire hook flower net.
in the drawing, 1, an original slope surface, 2, a flat rear slope surface, 3, a first plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net, 4, an anchor rod, 5, a U-shaped geogrid wing groove, 6, soil, 7, an ecological restoration planting mat, 8, a second plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net, 9, greening vegetation, 10, a drip irrigation device, 11 and geotextile.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are given by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
As shown in fig. 1, the high-steep bare rock slope ecological restoration system of the invention comprises from inside to outside of the slope of the high-steep bare rock slope: the ecological restoration planting mat comprises a first plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net 3, a soil layer 6, an ecological restoration planting mat 7, a seedling raising substrate layer and a second plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net 8. A plurality of anchor rods 4 which are arranged in a matrix mode are buried on the slope surface of the high and steep bare rock slope, and a first plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net 3, an ecological restoration planting pad 7 and a second plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net 8 are hooked and fixed on the anchor rods 4.
The slope surface of the high-steep bare rock slope comprises an original slope surface 1 and a slope surface formed by bare rock, and also comprises a slope surface formed by cleaning and leveling the original slope surface and the bare rock slope surface. The slope in this embodiment is a slope formed by cleaning and leveling an original slope and a bare rock slope.
A plurality of anchor rods 4 which are arranged in a matrix mode are buried on the slope surface of the high and steep bare rock slope and are used for firmly fixing the first plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net 3, the soil layer 6, the ecological restoration planting mat 7, the seedling substrate layer and the second plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net 8 on the smooth back slope surface 2, so that the ecological restoration system is stably connected with the slope surface of the high and steep bare rock slope, and looseness and rock falling are prevented. The included angle between the anchor rods 4 and the horizontal plane is 20-30 degrees, and the distance between the adjacent anchor rods 4 can be determined according to the slope gradient, the size of the U-shaped geogrid wing grooves 5 and the like. In the embodiment, the anchor rod 4 is a steel anti-corrosion anchor rod 4, the length of the anchor rod 4 is 600 mm-1500 mm, the diameter of the anchor rod is larger than or equal to 20mm, the distance between the anchor rods 4 is about 1m multiplied by 1m, the included angle between the anchor rod 4 and the slope surface is 30 degrees, and the anchor rod 4 forms a smooth transition surface from a plane formed by the end part of the exposed part of the rock slope surface, and the smooth transition surface is basically matched with the integral slope gradient of the slope surface, so that the anchor rod 4 is kept neat and attractive on the basis of ensuring that other.
The first plastic-coated steel wire crocheted net 3 is hooked and fixed on the anchor rod 4 and laid on the flat rear slope surface 2. The steel wires of the first plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net 3 and the second plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net 8 are wrapped by PP plastic before hooking flowers, so that the plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net has corrosion resistance, long service life and environmental protection. The enlarged partial structural schematic diagram of the first plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net 3 and the second plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net 8 in this embodiment is shown in fig. 3, and other existing plastic-coated steel wire hook flower nets can be adopted so as not to affect the adhesion of soil and slope and the growth of green vegetation.
A plurality of U-shaped geogrid wing grooves 5 are buried in the soil layer 6, the U-shaped geogrid wing grooves 5 are hung and fixed on the anchor rods 4 which are transversely arranged, and are transversely arranged in rows, and the upper rows and the lower rows of the U-shaped geogrid wing grooves are distributed on the slope surface of the high and steep bare rock slope. The notch of the U-shaped geogrid wing groove 5 faces upwards, and the anchor rod 4 penetrates through the groove walls on the two sides of the U-shaped geogrid wing 5. And (3) spraying soil in the U-shaped geogrid wing grooves 5 and between the upper row of U-shaped geogrid wing grooves and the lower row of U-shaped geogrid wing grooves to form a soil layer. The geotextile 11 is laid in the U-shaped geogrid wing groove 5, so that the soil 6 in the groove and on the groove is effectively prevented from falling and losing, and sufficient nutrient components and growth space are provided for plant roots. The U-shaped geogrid wing groove 5 in the embodiment is made of a high-strength tensile grid, the mesh is 30-60 mm, the tensile strength of a monofilament is greater than 1000N, the width of an upper opening of the U-shaped wing groove is greater than or equal to 150mm, preferably less than or equal to 600mm, and the height of the U-shaped groove is greater than or equal to 150 mm; and (3) laying and fixing filament PP geotextile 11 on the inner surface of the groove, wherein the geotextile 11 is more than or equal to 100g/m 2. The thickness of soil is equal to or slightly more than the surface of the U-shaped geogrid wing groove 5, so that the U-shaped geogrid wing groove can be covered. Preferably, the soil 6 is artificial nutrient soil. The artificial nutrient soil can be purchased or prepared, preferably comprises soil, a proper amount of water, an organic fertilizer, plant fibers, ecological glue and a water-retaining agent, wherein the plant fibers and the ecological glue can play a role of loosening the soil and can be firmly adhered to a slope surface to enable a plant root system to rapidly root; the water-retaining agent has the functions of protecting soil moisture, reducing volatilization and solving the problem of less absorption of plant roots due to less water spraying amount during maintenance; the ecological glue and the water-retaining agent are green and environment-friendly substances and are naturally degraded in soil for 2-3 years.
Ecological remediation plants the pad 7 and hangs and establish and fix on stock 4, and cover on soil horizon 6. The fixing part for fixing the ecological restoration planting mat is an anti-corrosion fixing part. The seedling substrate layer sets up inside and the surface of planting pad 7 are restoreed to soil, and the seedling substrate layer can include planting soil, water, fertilizer, plant fiber, ecological glue, grass, arbor and bush seed etc.. The seedling substrate is selected according to local soil quality, preferably vegetation with strong stress resistance, acid and alkali resistance, barren resistance and less plant diseases and insect pests, for example, the golf dream with strong disease resistance and the dry land amorpha fruticosa can be sowed in a mixed manner. The ecological restoration planting mat 7 can be designed independently or in the prior art. The ecological restoration planting mat in the embodiment is made by sewing a stretching net, and comprises an upper stretching net, a lower stretching net and a supporting layer positioned between the upper stretching net and the lower stretching net, wherein the supporting layer is made by folding the stretching net, the stretching net holes are larger than or equal to 2.5mm, the stretching strength is larger than or equal to 120N/m, the height of the supporting layer is larger than or equal to 30mm, the thickness of the upper net and the lower net is larger than 30mm, so that a space with a certain height is formed between the upper stretching net and the lower stretching net, artificial nutrition soil and seedling culture substrates are provided with a space, firm stability is realized in the space, the root system of a plant and the upper stretching net are enabled to be completely wound, the lower stretching net, the supporting layer and the artificial nutrition soil are enabled to be completely wound.
The second plastic-wrapped steel wire hook flower net 8 is hung and fixed on the anchor rod 4 and covers the surface of the ecological restoration planting mat 7. The fixing piece for fixing the second plastic-wrapped steel wire crocheted net 8 is also an anti-corrosion fixing piece. The second plastic-covered steel wire hook flower net 8 stabilizes the root systems of the ecological restoration planting mat, the U-shaped grid geotechnical wing grooves 5, the artificial nutrient soil and the green vegetation 9 on the side slope, prevents the artificial nutrient soil and the green vegetation 9 from loosening and falling off on the side slope, and provides a stable guarantee for plant growth.
Optionally, the ecological restoration system for the high and steep bare rock slope further comprises a covering net, wherein the covering net is laid on the second plastic-coated steel wire crocheted net 8 to prevent the seedling raising substrate of spray seeding from being washed away by rainwater and simultaneously prevent water from evaporating, and the covering net is removed after the plants emerge. The soil covering net can be a polyethylene woven net.
Optionally, when geographical and water resource conditions are available, the drip irrigation device 10 can be added to facilitate plant growth. The drip irrigation device 10 may be selected from those known in the art.
The ecological restoration method for the high and steep bare rock side slope by adopting the ecological restoration system comprises the following steps:
(a) loosening broken stones and danger elimination are carried out on the original slope surface 1 and the bare rock 2 of the high-steep bare rock slope, and the slope surface is cleaned and leveled. The cement, the clay, the glass fiber and the soil-fixing glue (the mass ratio of the cement to the clay to the glass fiber to the soil-fixing glue is 38: 58: 2) are mixed with water to form slurry, the slurry is used for spraying the original slope surface 1, the thickness of the slurry is less than 1cm, the surface layer of the rock slope surface can be highly bonded with the sprayed artificial soil 6, and the key technical problem of high bonding of the rock and the soil 6 is solved. For a slope surface which is too smooth, a certain concave-convex rough surface is constructed to build a living space of plants and prevent the loss of the base material.
(b) and drilling holes on the original slope surface 1 and the bare rock 2, and embedding anchor rods 4 to enable the anchor rods 4 to be arranged in a matrix along the slope surface. Accurately measuring the hole position of the anchor rod 4 according to the design requirement, paying off the anchor rod on the slope, drilling by using drilling equipment, and burying and fixing the anchor rod 4 in the hole. The body of rod of stock preparation and installation stock 4 adopts phi 20 twisted steel, guarantees that the thick end of protective layer of stock 4 is that the length of the partial anchor rod 4 buried underground is not less than 10mm, ensures that every reinforcing bar is in the same direction as straight before the installation, and the manual work is slowly put into the hole with stock 4, measures the steel length that the hole exposes with the steel chi, ensures anchor length.
(c) And hanging and fixing a first plastic-covered steel wire hook flower net 3 on the anchor rod 4, and laying and covering the first plastic-covered steel wire hook flower net 3 on the flat rear slope surface 2. In the embodiment, the joint of the first plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net 3 and the joint of the anchor rod 4 are bound by thin iron wires or spot welded together, so that the first plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net 3 is not easy to shake during subsequent nutrient soil spray-sowing. When the first plastic-coated steel wire crocheted net 3 is installed, attention is paid to straightening before manufacturing, and construction quality is guaranteed.
(d) the U-shaped geogrid wing grooves 5 are hung and fixed on the anchor rods 4, the U-shaped geogrid wing grooves 5 are transversely arranged in rows and distributed on the slope surface of the high and steep bare rock slope in a vertically multi-row mode, the notches of the U-shaped geogrid wings 5 face upwards, and the anchor rods 4 penetrate through the groove walls on two sides of the U-shaped geogrid wings 5. In this embodiment, the U-shaped geogrid wing grooves 5 are fixed to the anchor rods 4 by steel wires.
(e) And (3) carrying out spray seeding on the soil to enable the soil to be attached to the inside of the U-shaped geogrid wing grooves 5 and between the upper row of U-shaped geogrid wing grooves 5 and the lower row of U-shaped geogrid wing grooves 5 to form a soil layer 6, wherein the spray seeding thickness of the soil on the slope surface is limited by covering the U-shaped geogrid wing grooves 5. The sprayed soil is artificial nutrient soil. In the process, high-pressure wind is used as power, and the artificial nutrient soil is jetted to the inside of the U-shaped geogrid wing grooves 5 and between the upper row of U-shaped geogrid wing grooves 5 and the lower row of U-shaped geogrid wing grooves 5 from top to bottom through the nozzles. When the sprayed surface, namely the slope surface, is straight, the spray head is driven to perform repeated and slow spiral motion, and the diameter of the spiral is about 20-30 cm, so that the artificial nutrient soil is guaranteed to be densely sprayed.
(f) An ecological restoration planting pad 7 is hung and fixed on the anchor rod 4, so that the ecological restoration planting pad 7 covers the soil layer 6.
(g) And a second plastic-covered steel wire hook flower net 8 is hung and fixed on the anchor rod 4, so that the second plastic-covered steel wire hook flower net 8 covers the surface of the ecological restoration planting pad 7.
(h) And (3) spraying and sowing the seedling substrate on the ecological restoration planting mat 7, so that the seedling substrate enters the interior and the surface of the ecological restoration planting mat to form a seedling substrate layer.
(i) And laying a soil covering net on the surface of the second plastic-covered steel wire crocheted net 8, and spraying water for maintenance. And after the sprayed seedling raising base material is finally set for 2 hours, carrying out water spraying maintenance (when the temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the water spraying maintenance is not required) for not less than 14 days. Spraying water in fog every day, and spraying water in fog every 10 days after the plant seedlings emerge. When the humidity of the ambient air reaches or exceeds 85%, natural curing can be carried out. After a period of maintenance, green vegetation 9 can be produced on the high and steep bare rock slope, arbors and shrubs cover the slope surface, the slope is stabilized, and the environment is beautified.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a high steep bare rock side slope ecological recovery system which characterized in that, from the domatic of high steep bare rock side slope from inside to outside including: the ecological restoration planting device comprises a first plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net, a soil layer, an ecological restoration planting pad, a seedling substrate layer and a second plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net; a plurality of anchor rods arranged in a matrix manner are embedded on the slope surface of the high and steep bare rock slope, and the first plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net, the ecological restoration planting mat and the second plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net are respectively hooked on the anchor rods; a plurality of U-shaped geogrid wing grooves which are transversely arranged are buried in the soil layer, hung on the transversely arranged anchor rods and transversely arranged in rows, and distributed on the slope surface of the high and steep bare rock side slope in an up-down multi-row manner; the seedling substrate layer is laid in the soil restoration planting mat and on the surface of the soil restoration planting mat.
2. The ecological restoration system for the high and steep bare rock side slope according to claim 1, wherein the anchor rod is a steel anti-corrosion anchor rod, the length of the steel anti-corrosion anchor rod is 600 mm-1500 mm, and the diameter of the steel anti-corrosion anchor rod is more than or equal to 20 mm; the included angle between the anchor rod and the horizontal plane is 20-30 degrees, and the length of the embedded part is more than or equal to 10 mm; the anchor rod forms a smooth transition surface from the end part of the slope exposed part of the high and steep bare rock slope.
3. the ecological restoration system for the high-steep bare rock side slope according to claim 1, wherein the U-shaped geogrid wing grooves are made of tensile grids, the meshes are 30-60 mm, and the monofilament tensile strength is more than 1000N; the width of the upper opening of the U-shaped geogrid wing groove is 150 mm-600 mm, and the height is more than or equal to 150 mm; and geotextile is laid in the U-shaped geogrid wing grooves.
4. The high-steep bare rock slope ecological restoration system according to claim 1, wherein the soil is artificial nutrient soil comprising soil, water, organic fertilizer, plant fiber, ecological glue and water retention agent; the seedling substrate layer comprises planting soil, water, organic fertilizer, plant fiber, ecological glue, grass, trees and shrub seeds.
5. the high steep bare rock slope ecological restoration system according to claim 1, further comprising a soil covering mesh laid over the second plastic-coated steel wire hooking mesh.
6. The high steep bare rock slope ecological restoration system according to claim 1, further comprising a drip irrigation device.
7. A high steep bare rock side slope ecological restoration method is characterized in that the high steep bare rock side slope ecological restoration system of claim 1 is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps:
(a) Loosening and removing broken stones on the slope surface of the high and steep bare rock slope, and cleaning and leveling the slope surface;
(b) Drilling holes on the slope surface and embedding anchor rods, wherein the anchor rods are arranged along the slope surface in a matrix manner;
(c) Hanging and fixing a first plastic-covered steel wire hook flower net on the anchor rod, and laying and covering the first plastic-covered steel wire hook flower net on the slope surface;
(d) hanging and fixing a plurality of U-shaped geogrid wing grooves on the transversely arranged anchor rods to enable the U-shaped geogrid wings to be transversely arranged in a line and to be distributed on the slope surface of the high and steep bare rock slope in a vertical multi-line manner, wherein the notches of the U-shaped geogrid wings are upward, and the anchor rods penetrate through the groove walls on two sides of the U-shaped geogrid wings;
(e) Spraying and seeding soil to be attached to the inside of the U-shaped geogrid wing grooves and between the upper row of U-shaped geogrid wing grooves and the lower row of U-shaped geogrid wing grooves to form a soil layer, wherein the spraying and seeding thickness of the soil on the slope surface is limited by covering the U-shaped geogrid wing grooves;
(f) Hanging and fixing an ecological restoration planting pad on the anchor rod, so that the ecological restoration planting pad covers the soil layer;
(g) Hanging and fixing a second plastic-covered steel wire hook flower net on the anchor rod, so that the second plastic-covered steel wire hook flower net covers the surface of the ecological restoration planting mat;
(h) and spraying the seedling substrate to enable the seedling substrate to enter the interior and the surface of the ecological restoration planting mat to form the seedling substrate layer.
8. The ecological restoration method for the high and steep bare rock slope according to claim 7, further comprising: (i) and laying a soil covering net on the surface of the second plastic-covered steel wire crocheted net, and spraying water for maintenance.
9. the ecological restoration method for the high and steep bare rock slope according to claim 7, characterized in that in the step (a), when the slope is leveled, cement, clay, glass fiber, soil-fixing glue and water are mixed into slurry, the slurry is sprayed on the slope, and the spraying thickness is less than 1 cm; the mass ratio of the cement, the clay, the glass fiber and the soil-fixing glue is 30-50: 50-70: 1-5.
10. The ecological restoration method for the high and steep bare rock slope according to claim 7, characterized in that the anchor rod is a steel anti-corrosion anchor rod, the length of the anchor rod is 600 mm-1500 mm, and the diameter of the anchor rod is more than or equal to 20 mm; the included angle between the anchor rod and the horizontal plane is 20-30 degrees, and the length of the embedded part is more than or equal to 10 mm; the anchor rod forms a smooth transition surface from the end part of the slope exposed part of the high and steep bare rock slope.
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| CN111042158A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-21 | 郑楚英 | Plant measure method for concrete frame and mortar rubble framework slope protection |
| CN111809635A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-10-23 | 长江岩土工程总公司（武汉） | Framework supporting device for high and steep rock slope support greening and construction method thereof |
| CN112211203A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-01-12 | 北京绿矿联合工程技术研究院(有限合伙) | High-strength structure organic fiber composite repair method for high and steep slope |
| CN112267477A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-26 | 赵目军 | Ecological green covering method for high and steep rock slope for green mine construction |
| CN112314303A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-05 | 秀艺(福建)园林工程有限公司 | Basement roof cinnamomum camphora planting method |
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| CN113417251A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-09-21 | 大立建设集团有限公司 | River course adds compound ecological bank protection of muscle gabion geotextile that permeates water |
| CN113417251B (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2022-07-19 | 大立建设集团有限公司 | River channel reinforced gabion permeable geotextile composite ecological slope protection |
| CN115142443A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-10-04 | 青岛地质工程勘察院(青岛地质勘查开发局) | Greening protection process for high and steep slope and device thereof |
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Application publication date: 20191206 |