CN113841565A - Construction method for soil covering and grass planting in alpine regions of plateau - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a construction method for covering soil and planting grass in a plateau alpine region, which comprises the following steps: s1 soil matrix investigation; s2, preparing a soil matrix layer; s3 stone crushing treatment; s4, constructing a drainage ditch; s5 improving the dregs; s6, spreading an organic fertilizer; s7 sowing and post-processing; s8 construction and installation of a sealing and breeding fence, the method is suitable for the technical field of soil covering and grass planting, the mine soil aggregate structure is rebuilt, the open-pit coal mine soil matrix layer in the plateau alpine region is rapidly improved, the ecological restoration benefit is improved, the mining area ecosystem is built, the green-restoring window period of the plateau alpine region is short, the working procedures are simplified, the efficiency is improved, the problem that the grass planting window period is short is solved in time, the technical process and the standard of soil covering and grass planting in the plateau alpine region are formulated, the working procedures are clear, and the fund is saved.

Description

Construction method for soil covering and grass planting in alpine regions of plateau

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil covering and grass planting, and particularly relates to a construction method for soil covering and grass planting in a plateau alpine region.

Background

Soil-covered grass planting is a common ecological environment restoration method and is frequently used in mine environment restoration. After the terrain remodeling is finished, the mine greening work is finished on the working surfaces of mine slag hill side slope plane, slag hill slope surface, road living area and the like

However, the existing soil-covering grass planting mode has the following defects:

1. in a highland and alpine region, the ecological system is unique, the altitude is high, the air is thin, the climate is cold, drought and the conditions of standing up are difficult, the ecological environment is weak, and the soil layer is stripped in a large scale after the mine is subjected to open-pit mining for many years, so that the whole ecological system is disturbed severely, and the original functions of the soil are lost. The existing ecological restoration method cannot meet the requirement of creating the growth environment of grass seeds.

2. In the severe cold regions of the plateau, the seasonal freezing and thawing period is generally at the bottom of April, the local soil source is in a frozen state in the construction period, and the traditional excavation, screening, soil covering and grass planting mode cannot complete the work task.

3. In the alpine region of plateau, the grass planting technical process and standard are inconsistent, the working procedure is undefined, and the waste of personnel machinery and materials is caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a construction method for covering soil and planting grass in alpine regions of plateaus.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a construction method for covering soil and planting grass in alpine regions in plateaus comprises the following steps:

s1 soil matrix investigation;

s2, preparing a soil matrix layer;

s3 stone crushing treatment;

s4, constructing a drainage ditch;

s5 improving the dregs;

s6, spreading an organic fertilizer;

s7 sowing and post-processing;

and S8 constructing and installing the enclosure.

Preferably, the S1 soil matrix survey comprises the following steps:

s11, aerial photography is carried out through an unmanned aerial vehicle, real-time images of the mining area are synthesized through software, the ArcGIS software is used for drawing the pattern spots and the numbers, the small pattern spots are further divided, and the calculation area is calculated block by block in a computer;

s12, contrasting real-time images of the mining area, surveying the types of earth covering operations of pit mining, side slope mining and hilly mountain and soil covering storage conditions of a soil source area within a regreening range of the mining area, checking the regreening images one by one, checking the regreening range of the delineated individual images by using RTK and a handheld GPS, correcting on a aeronautical flight radiography, and counting and summarizing;

s13, turning downwards to 25cm by using a tool in a unit area of each re-greening pattern spot, counting the granularity of the rock blocks and the lithology ratio, wherein the proportion of the rock blocks on the re-greening surface, which are smaller than 5cm, is more than 50%, and the proportion of the mudstone is more than 50%, and only re-greening is needed for a soil improvement area to be ploughed on site; the greening surface rock block size is less than 5cm and less than 50% and the mud rock ratio is less than 50% in a greening range, the greening area is a soil covering greening area, field geological conditions are described, soil in a soil source area and a plowing area is sampled and analyzed, and corresponding image data are recorded, wherein the unit area is 1m x 1m, and the depth of the greening surface is 25 cm.

Preferably, after step S1, the method further includes the following steps:

s14, on the basis of soil matrix investigation, compiling a working design of covering soil and planting grass in a mining area;

s15 after the evaluation of design experts of soil covering and grass planting operation, the labor force and the tender work of mechanical equipment are developed, and the labor force and the machinery enter the field.

Preferably, the S2 manufacturing a soil matrix layer includes the following steps:

s21 ploughing the flat ground in the soil improvement area on the spot by using machinery, ploughing the flat ground to a ploughing depth of 48-52cm, directly burying the rock blocks larger than 5cm below the depth of 25cm through mechanical picking and screening, and covering the remaining fine-particle mudstones smaller than 5cm on the land blocks to form a soil matrix layer with the thickness of 30cm, so that the condition of soil improvement through fertilization is achieved;

s22 method for combining mechanical plowing and manual picking in on-site plowing of sloping fields of soil improvement areas, wherein plowed block stones larger than 5cm are collected at the bottom of a slope and are buried in a clearing mode or in a pit digging mode on a platform, the plowing depth at least reaches 50cm, so that a soil matrix layer with the thickness of at least 25cm is formed on the slope, and the condition of soil improvement through fertilization is achieved;

s23, preparing a soil matrix layer in a soil covering and green restoring area flat land, wherein the picked and peeled residue soil is mainly leveled in a manual or mechanical mode, and the thickness is 25 cm;

s24 soil covering and greening area slope making soil matrix layer mainly adopts manual or mechanical mode to level the picked-up and peeled-off residue soil, and the thickness is 25 cm.

Preferably, the S3 stone crushing treatment comprises the following steps:

s31 selecting schists with proper size and hardness from the generated gravels for building a drainage system;

s32, selecting stones with relatively small particle sizes to consolidate and lift the first-stage terrain remodeling work, and backfilling and flattening the areas, the local flatness of which cannot meet the requirements, with the stones with relatively small particle sizes;

s33 the block stone with bigger grain size is buried in situ.

Preferably, the S4 method for constructing the drainage ditch includes the following steps:

the drainage ditch is built to the sloping field, and the earth dam is built all around to the platform, and road, living area clear away construction waste, clearance abandonment road, arrangement ground, the slope is less than 25, accomplishes the drainage smoothness at the bottom of the hole, does not ponding, turns over the dregs two times deeply on the spot, turns over all the times deeply and picks up the stone more than 5 centimetres with the machinery rake, and compound green face gravel coverage is less than 50%, the stone centralized processing that will pick up, wherein, the drainage ditch specification is: the soil is cut at the bottom of the water-retaining groove at the top of the slope by 800 multiplied by 500, the rock is cut at the bottom of the drainage groove at the toe of the slope by 1060 multiplied by 1700 multiplied by 500, and the rock is cut at the bottom of the drainage groove at the platform by 500 multiplied by 300.

Preferably, the S5 muck improvement comprises the following steps:

sloping field: uniformly paving the sheep board manure according to the amount of 33 cubic meters per mu, and then mechanically or manually ploughing by 10-20 cm to fully mix the residue soil and the sheep board manure to form reconstructed soil serving as a grass planting matrix surface;

leveling land: uniformly paving sheep board manure according to the amount of 33 cubic meters per mu, and then mechanically or manually and shallowly ploughing by 10-20 cm to achieve the purpose that muck and the sheep board manure are fully mixed to form reconstructed soil serving as a grass planting matrix surface, wherein the specifications of the sheep board manure are that the content of organic matters is more than 30%, the content of impurities is less than 10%, the content of water is less than 40%, and no large stones exist.

Preferably, the S6 broadcast application of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

after mixing the reconstructed soil of the sloping field, uniformly paving 1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer on the surface, then uniformly ploughing by using a heavy rake for 15 cm, then uniformly paving 1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer on the surface, and ploughing by using a light rake for 5cm to form a grass-planting green-covering surface;

after mixing the restructured soil on the flat ground, uniformly paving 750 kg/mu of organic fertilizer on the surface, then ploughing by using a heavy rake for 15 cm, uniformly paving 750 kg/mu of organic fertilizer on the surface, and ploughing by using a light rake for 5cm to form a grass-planting greenery surface.

Preferably, the sowing and post-processing of S7 includes the following steps:

fully mixing four forage grass seeds and 15 kg of special fertilizer for forage grass, sowing on the surface of a seed grass matrix layer in a mechanical sowing mode, a manual sowing mode and other modes, wherein the wind speed in a plateau alpine region is high, and the seeds are pressed in time after sowing, and the sowing amount of the four forage grass seeds is 12 kg/mu in a platform area and 16 kg/mu in a sloping field;

raking and pressing the sowed land by adopting a mechanical or manual method;

after the raking and pressing is finished, the non-woven fabric is laid, and the edge overlapping position of the non-woven fabric is compacted and compacted by one stone block at least every 0.5 m.

Preferably, the S8 enclosure construction and installation includes the following steps:

all parts must be qualified, and purchased parts must be certified and installed;

1 small upright post is arranged every 10 meters of the matched fence, and 1 middle upright post is arranged every 400 meters;

the fence installation requires that the buried part of the large, medium and small upright posts is not less than 0.6 m, and the remained part of the fence is not less than 1.4 m;

the shape of the net fence is determined according to the landform and the utilization convenience; the number and the positions of the fence doors can be set according to the requirements of the herdsmen;

each weft of the woven net is firmly bound with the upright post, and all fasteners cannot be loosened;

the gate is firmly installed and flexibly rotates;

in the process of installing the fence, reinforcement treatment is required to prevent the fence from lodging;

the fence specifications and parameters include:

the binding hook of the connecting piece is made of galvanized steel wires with the tensile strength of not less than 350 MPa and the diameter of 2.50 millimeters, and the length of each steel wire is 200 millimeters;

the connecting piece hook is made of galvanized steel wires with the tensile strength not lower than 350 MPa and the diameter of 2.50 millimeters, the length of each galvanized steel wire is 200 millimeters, the fence door adopts a double-leaf structure, the frame adopts a straight-seam electric welding steel pipe with the diameter of 25 in GB/T13793, the height of a single leaf of the fence door is 1300 millimeters, the width of the fence door is 1500 millimeters, and the raw materials adopt 30 multiplied by 3 flat iron, 40 multiplied by 4 angle steel and 1.5 millimeter steel plates;

the distance between the flat irons of the fence door is 150 mm, the fence door is coated with anti-rust paint and silver powder, the coating is uniform, and the exposed surface and the coating accumulation surface are avoided.

In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the invention, the mine soil aggregate structure is reconstructed, the open pit coal mine soil matrix layer in the plateau alpine region is rapidly improved, the ecological restoration benefit is improved, and the mining area ecological system is constructed.

2. The green-recovering window period is short in plateau alpine regions, the process is simplified, the efficiency is improved, and the problem of short grass planting window period is solved in time.

3. The invention establishes the technical process and standard of soil covering and grass planting in the alpine region of the plateau, defines the working procedures and saves the fund.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the construction method for covering soil and planting grass in the alpine region of the plateau.

Detailed Description

The following further describes a specific implementation of the construction method for covering soil and planting grass in the plateau alpine region with water according to the attached drawing 1. The construction method for covering soil and planting grass in the alpine region of the plateau is not limited to the description of the following embodiment.

Example 1:

the embodiment provides a concrete structure of a construction method for covering soil and planting grass in a plateau alpine region, as shown in fig. 1, and the construction method comprises the following steps:

s1 soil matrix investigation;

s2, preparing a soil matrix layer;

s3 stone crushing treatment;

s4, constructing a drainage ditch;

s5 improving the dregs;

s6, spreading an organic fertilizer;

s7 sowing and post-processing;

and S8 constructing and installing the enclosure.

Specifically, the S1 soil matrix investigation comprises the following steps:

s11, aerial photography is carried out through an unmanned aerial vehicle, real-time images of the mining area are synthesized through software, the ArcGIS software is used for drawing the pattern spots and the numbers, the small pattern spots are further divided, and the calculation area is calculated block by block in a computer;

s12, contrasting real-time images of the mining area, surveying the types of earth covering operations of pit mining, side slope mining and hilly mountain and soil covering storage conditions of a soil source area within a regreening range of the mining area, checking the regreening images one by one, checking the regreening range of the delineated individual images by using RTK and a handheld GPS, correcting on a aeronautical flight radiography, and counting and summarizing;

s13, turning downwards to 25cm by using a tool in a unit area of each re-greening pattern spot, counting the granularity of the rock blocks and the lithology ratio, wherein the proportion of the rock blocks on the re-greening surface, which are smaller than 5cm, is more than 50%, and the proportion of the mudstone is more than 50%, and only re-greening is needed for a soil improvement area to be ploughed on site; the proportion of the block size of the re-greening surface rock is less than 5cm and less than 50% of the mud rock proportion, the re-greening area is covered with soil, the field geological condition is described, the soil of the soil source area and the ploughing area is sampled and analyzed, and corresponding image data are recorded, wherein the unit area is 1m × 1m, and the depth of the re-greening surface is 25 cm.

Specifically, after step S1, the method further includes the following steps:

s14, on the basis of soil matrix investigation, compiling a working design of covering soil and planting grass in a mining area;

s15 after the evaluation of design experts of soil covering and grass planting operation, the labor force and the tender work of mechanical equipment are developed, and the labor force and the machinery enter the field.

Specifically, S2 is used for manufacturing a soil matrix layer, and the method comprises the following steps:

s21 ploughing the flat ground in the soil improvement area on the spot by using machinery, ploughing the flat ground to a ploughing depth of 48-52cm, directly burying the rock blocks larger than 5cm below the depth of 25cm through mechanical picking and screening, and covering the remaining fine-particle mudstones smaller than 5cm on the land blocks to form a soil matrix layer with the thickness of 30cm, so that the condition of soil improvement through fertilization is achieved;

s22 method for combining mechanical plowing and manual picking in on-site plowing of sloping fields of soil improvement areas, wherein plowed block stones larger than 5cm are collected at the bottom of a slope and are buried in a clearing mode or in a pit digging mode on a platform, the plowing depth at least reaches 50cm, so that a soil matrix layer with the thickness of at least 25cm is formed on the slope, and the condition of soil improvement through fertilization is achieved;

s23, preparing a soil matrix layer in a soil covering and green restoring area flat land, wherein the picked and peeled residue soil is mainly leveled in a manual or mechanical mode, and the thickness is 25 cm;

s24 soil covering and greening area slope making soil matrix layer mainly adopts manual or mechanical mode to level the picked-up and peeled-off residue soil, and the thickness is 25 cm.

Specifically, the S3 stone crushing treatment comprises the following steps:

s31 selecting schists with proper size and hardness from the generated gravels for building a drainage system;

s32, selecting stones with relatively small particle sizes to consolidate and lift the first-stage terrain remodeling work, and backfilling and flattening the areas, the local flatness of which cannot meet the requirements, with the stones with relatively small particle sizes;

s33 the block stone with bigger grain size is buried in situ.

Further, S4, building a drainage ditch, comprising the following steps:

the drainage ditch is built to the sloping field, and the earth dam is built all around to the platform, and road, living area clear away construction waste, clearance abandonment road, arrangement ground, the slope is less than 25, accomplishes the drainage smoothness at the bottom of the hole, does not ponding, turns over the dregs two times deeply on the spot, turns over all the times deeply and picks up the stone more than 5 centimetres with the machinery rake, and compound green face gravel coverage is less than 50%, the stone centralized processing that will pick up, wherein, the drainage ditch specification is: the soil is cut at the bottom of the water-retaining groove at the top of the slope by 800 multiplied by 500, the rock is cut at the bottom of the drainage groove at the toe of the slope by 1060 multiplied by 1700 multiplied by 500, and the rock is cut at the bottom of the drainage groove at the platform by 500 multiplied by 300.

Further, the S5 muck improvement method comprises the following steps:

sloping field: uniformly paving the sheep board manure according to the amount of 33 cubic meters per mu, and then mechanically or manually ploughing by 10-20 cm to fully mix the residue soil and the sheep board manure to form reconstructed soil serving as a grass planting matrix surface;

leveling land: uniformly paving sheep board manure according to the amount of 33 cubic meters per mu, and then mechanically or manually and shallowly ploughing by 10-20 cm to achieve the purpose that muck and the sheep board manure are fully mixed to form reconstructed soil serving as a grass planting matrix surface, wherein the specifications of the sheep board manure are that the content of organic matters is more than 30%, the content of impurities is less than 10%, the content of water is less than 40%, and no large stones exist.

Further, S6 broadcast application of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

after mixing the reconstructed soil of the sloping field, uniformly paving 1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer on the surface, then uniformly ploughing by using a heavy rake for 15 cm, then uniformly paving 1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer on the surface, and ploughing by using a light rake for 5cm to form a grass-planting green-covering surface;

after mixing the restructured soil on the flat ground, uniformly paving 750 kg/mu of organic fertilizer on the surface, then ploughing by using a heavy rake for 15 cm, uniformly paving 750 kg/mu of organic fertilizer on the surface, and ploughing by using a light rake for 5cm to form a grass-planting greenery surface.

Further, the sowing and post-processing of S7 includes the following steps:

fully mixing four forage grass seeds and 15 kg of special fertilizer for forage grass, sowing on the surface of a seed grass matrix layer in a mechanical sowing mode, a manual sowing mode and other modes, wherein the wind speed in a plateau alpine region is high, and the seeds are pressed in time after sowing, and the sowing amount of the four forage grass seeds is 12 kg/mu in a platform area and 16 kg/mu in a sloping field;

raking and pressing the sowed land by adopting a mechanical or manual method;

after the raking and pressing is finished, the non-woven fabric is laid, and the edge overlapping position of the non-woven fabric is compacted and compacted by one stone block at least every 0.5 m.

Further, S8 enclosure construction and installation comprises the following steps:

all parts must be qualified, and purchased parts must be certified and installed;

1 small upright post is arranged every 10 meters of the matched fence, and 1 middle upright post is arranged every 400 meters;

the fence installation requires that the buried part of the large, medium and small upright posts is not less than 0.6 m, and the remained part of the fence is not less than 1.4 m;

the shape of the net fence is determined according to the landform and the utilization convenience; the number and the positions of the fence doors can be set according to the requirements of the herdsmen;

each weft of the woven net is firmly bound with the upright post, and all fasteners cannot be loosened;

the gate is firmly installed and flexibly rotates;

in the process of installing the fence, reinforcement treatment is required to prevent the fence from lodging;

fence specifications and parameters including:

the binding hook of the connecting piece is made of galvanized steel wires with the tensile strength of not less than 350 MPa and the diameter of 2.50 millimeters, and the length of each steel wire is 200 millimeters;

the connecting piece hook is made of galvanized steel wires with the tensile strength not lower than 350 MPa and the diameter of 2.50 millimeters, the length of each galvanized steel wire is 200 millimeters, the fence door adopts a double-leaf structure, the frame adopts a straight-seam electric welding steel pipe with the diameter of 25 in GB/T13793, the height of a single leaf of the fence door is 1300 millimeters, the width of the fence door is 1500 millimeters, and the raw materials adopt 30 multiplied by 3 flat iron, 40 multiplied by 4 angle steel and 1.5 millimeter steel plates;

the distance between the flat irons of the fence door is 150 mm, the fence door is coated with anti-rust paint and silver powder, the coating is uniform, and the exposed surface and the coating accumulation surface are avoided.

Example 1:

the embodiment provides a specific implementation method of a construction method for covering soil and planting grass in a plateau alpine region, as shown in fig. 1, and the construction method comprises the following steps:

step 1, aerial photography is carried out by an unmanned aerial vehicle, real-time images of the mining area are synthesized through software, the ArcGIS software is used for drawing the pattern spots and the numbers, the small pattern spots are further divided, and the area is calculated block by block in a computer.

And 2, contrasting real-time images of the mining area, investigating the types of pit-mining, slope-mining and hilly earthing operations and the earthing storage condition of a soil source area within a regreening range of the mining area, checking the regreening images one by one, checking the regreening range of the delineated individual images by using an RTK (real time kinematic) and a handheld GPS (global positioning system), correcting on the aviation flight radiography, and counting and summarizing.

And 3, turning down to 25cm within the unit area (1m by 1m) of each green-recovering pattern spot by using a tool, and counting the granularity of the rock blocks and the lithology ratio. The proportion of the block stone with the block size smaller than 5cm on the surface (with the depth of 25cm) of the green restoration is more than 50%, and the proportion of the mudstone (soil) is more than 50%, so that the green restoration is only needed for the soil reconstruction area in the field plowing; the greening range in which the block stone volume of the greening surface (depth of 25cm) is less than 5cm is less than 50%, and the mud rock (soil) volume is less than 50% is a soil covering greening area. And describing the field geological condition, sampling and analyzing the soil source land and the soil in the ploughing area, and recording corresponding image data.

And 4, compiling the operation design of covering soil and planting grass in the mining area on the basis of soil matrix investigation.

And 5, after the soil covering and grass planting operation design expert reviews the soil covering and grass planting operation, carrying out bidding work of labor teams and mechanical equipment, and timely entering the field of the labor teams and the machinery.

Step 6, preparing a soil matrix layer

(1) The land leveling of the in-situ ploughing soil improvement area is ploughed by machinery, the ploughing depth is about 50cm, the rock blocks larger than 5cm are directly buried under the depth of 25cm through mechanical picking and screening, and the remaining fine particle mudstone (soil) smaller than 5cm is covered on the rock blocks to form a soil matrix layer (covering layer) with the thickness of 30cm, so that the condition of soil improvement through fertilization is achieved.

(2) A method for combining mechanical plowing and manual picking in a field plowed soil improvement area slope land is characterized in that plowed stones larger than 5cm are concentrated on the slope bottom and are buried in a clearing mode or in a pit digging mode on a platform, the plowing depth at least reaches 50cm, a soil matrix layer (covering layer) with the thickness of at least 25cm is formed on the slope surface, and the condition of soil improvement through fertilization is achieved.

(3) And (4) preparing a soil matrix layer in the soil covering and green returning area on the flat ground, wherein the picked and peeled residue soil is leveled in a manual or mechanical mode and the thickness is 25 cm.

(4) Soil matrix layers are manufactured on the slope land in the soil covering and green restoring area, and the picked and peeled dregs are leveled manually or mechanically, and the thickness of the dregs is 25 cm.

And 7, carrying out stone crushing treatment. Based on the principle of cost-saving and near treatment, the generated gravels are treated by three ways.

(1) Selecting schists with proper size and hardness from the generated broken stones for building a drainage system;

(2) selecting the block stones with relatively small particle sizes to consolidate and promote the first-stage terrain remodeling work, and backfilling and flattening the areas with local flatness not meeting the requirements by using the block stones with small particle sizes;

(3) the block stone with larger particle size is treated by adopting a local burying mode.

Step 8, constructing a drainage ditch

(1) Constructing drainage ditches on the sloping fields, and constructing earth dams around the platform; the construction waste is removed from roads and living areas, and waste roads are removed. The ground is tidied, the gradient is less than 25 degrees, and the water is smoothly drained from the pit bottom without water accumulation. The method is characterized in that the method adopts local conditions for land conservation and land regulation, the residue soil is deeply turned twice on the spot, mechanical rakes are adopted for deeply turning the stone blocks with the thickness of more than 5 centimeters, the covering degree of the green-covering gravel is less than 50 percent, the picked stone blocks are treated in a centralized manner, the landscape cannot be influenced, new ecological problems cannot be caused, the construction difficulty is increased due to frozen soil in the high and cold plateau areas, and the construction of drainage ditches cannot be carried out in winter easily.

(2) The specification of the drainage ditch. The bottom soil of the slope top water-retaining groove is 800 multiplied by 500, the bottom rock of the slope toe water-retaining groove is 1060 multiplied by 1700 multiplied by 500), and the rock excavation is considered at the bottom of the platform water-draining groove.

Step 9, improving the residue soil

(1) Sloping field: uniformly paving the sheep manure according to the weight of 33 cubic meters per mu (organic matter content is more than 30 percent, impurity content is less than 10 percent, moisture content is less than 40 percent, and no large stones), and then mechanically or manually ploughing by 10-20 cm to fully mix the muck and the sheep manure to form reconstructed soil which is used as a grass planting matrix surface.

(2) Leveling land: uniformly paving the sheep manure according to the weight of 33 cubic meters per mu (organic matter content is more than 30 percent, impurity content is less than 10 percent, moisture content is less than 40 percent, and no large stones), and then mechanically or manually ploughing by 10-20 cm to fully mix the muck and the sheep manure to form reconstructed soil which is used as a grass planting matrix surface.

Step 10, spreading organic fertilizer

(1) After mixing the reconstructed soil of the sloping field, uniformly paving 1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer on the surface, then uniformly paving 1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer on the surface by using a heavy rake for 15 cm, and then uniformly paving 1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer on the surface by using a light rake for 5cm to form a grass-planting green-covering surface.

(2) After mixing the restructured soil on the flat ground, uniformly paving 750 kg/mu of organic fertilizer on the surface, then ploughing by using a heavy rake for 15 cm, uniformly paving 750 kg/mu of organic fertilizer on the surface, and ploughing by using a light rake for 5cm to form a grass-planting greenery surface.

And 11, sowing. Four forage grass seeds (12 kg/mu in platform area and 16 kg/mu in sloping field) and 15 kg of special fertilizer for forage grass are fully mixed, and are sowed on the surface of a seed grass matrix layer in a mechanical sowing mode, an artificial sowing mode and the like, so that the wind speed is high in severe cold areas in plateau, and the seeds are pressed in time after being sowed.

And step 12, raking and pressing. For the land blocks sowed, adopting mechanical or manual method to rake and press,

and step 13, laying non-woven fabrics. After the raking and pressing is finished, the non-woven fabric is laid, and the edge overlapping position of the non-woven fabric is compacted and compacted by one stone block at least every 0.5 m.

And step 14, sealing and breeding the fence.

Fence specifications and parameters

(1) The material of the binding hook of the connecting piece is not less than 350 MPa in tensile strength. Galvanized steel wires with a diameter of 2.50 mm, each 200 mm in length.

(2) The material of the connecting piece hook is not less than 350 MPa in tensile strength. Galvanized steel wires with a diameter of 2.50 mm, each 200 mm in length. The fence door adopts a double-leaf structure, and the frame adopts a straight seam electric welding steel pipe with the diameter of 25 in GB/T13793; the height of each single leaf of the fence door is 1300 mm, and the width of each single leaf of the fence door is 1500 mm; the raw materials are 30X 3 flat iron, 40X 4 angle steel and 1.5 mm steel plate.

(3) The distance between the flat irons of the fence door is 150 mm; the fence door should be coated with rust-inhibiting paint and silver powder, with a uniform coating, without bare and coating-build-up surfaces, which can be done prior to installation of the net fence.

And 15, constructing and installing the fence. All parts must be certified and the purchased parts must be certified for installation. 1 small upright post is arranged every 10 meters of the matched fence, and 1 middle upright post is arranged every 400 meters; the fence installation requires that the buried part of the large, medium and small upright posts is not less than 0.6 m, and the remained part of the fence is not less than 1.4 m; the shape of the net fence is determined according to the landform and the utilization convenience; the number and the positions of the fence doors can be set according to the requirements of the herdsmen; each weft of the woven net is firmly bound with the upright post, and all fasteners cannot be loosened; the gate should be installed firmly, rotate the flexibility. Considering that the project area has partial region ground wetland, the geological structure is unstable, and the relief subsides easily to cause the rail to lodge, this project is in the rail installation, in order to prevent that the rail from lodging takes place to take reinforcement processing.

Table 1 specification and technical parameters of the braided net fence: unit: millimeter

Table 2 specification and technical parameters of the supports: unit: millimeter

Name (R)	The size length is not less than	Specification of materials
			Door post and corner post	2000	Hot-rolled equal-edge angle steel 90X 8
Middle column	2000	Hot rolled equal angle steel 70X 7
			Small column	2000	Hot rolled equal angle steel 40X 4
Ground anchor, lower column	600	Hot rolled equal angle steel 40X 4
			Support rod	3000	Electrowelded steel pipe 50
Small column cross beam	200	Hot rolled equal angle steel 40X 4

The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A construction method for covering soil and planting grass in alpine regions in plateaus is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1 soil matrix investigation;

s2, preparing a soil matrix layer;

s3 stone crushing treatment;

s4, constructing a drainage ditch;

s5 improving the dregs;

s6, spreading an organic fertilizer;

s7 sowing and post-processing;

and S8 constructing and installing the enclosure.

2. The soil covering and grass planting construction method for the plateau alpine region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the S1 soil matrix survey includes the following steps:

s11, aerial photography is carried out through an unmanned aerial vehicle, real-time images of the mining area are synthesized through software, the ArcGIS software is used for drawing the pattern spots and the numbers, the small pattern spots are further divided, and the calculation area is calculated block by block in a computer;

s12, contrasting real-time images of the mining area, surveying the types of earth covering operations of pit mining, side slope mining and hilly mountain and soil covering storage conditions of a soil source area within a regreening range of the mining area, checking the regreening images one by one, checking the regreening range of the delineated individual images by using RTK and a handheld GPS, correcting on a aeronautical flight radiography, and counting and summarizing;

s13, turning downwards to 25cm by using a tool in a unit area of each re-greening pattern spot, counting the granularity of the rock blocks and the lithology ratio, wherein the proportion of the rock blocks on the re-greening surface, which are smaller than 5cm, is more than 50%, and the proportion of the mudstone is more than 50%, and only re-greening is needed for a soil improvement area to be ploughed on site; the greening surface rock block size is less than 5cm and less than 50% and the mud rock ratio is less than 50% in a greening range, the greening area is a soil covering greening area, field geological conditions are described, soil in a soil source area and a plowing area is sampled and analyzed, and corresponding image data are recorded, wherein the unit area is 1m x 1m, and the depth of the greening surface is 25 cm.

3. The soil covering and grass planting construction method for the plateau alpine region as claimed in claim 2, further comprising the following steps after the step S1:

s14, on the basis of soil matrix investigation, compiling a working design of covering soil and planting grass in a mining area;

s15 after the evaluation of design experts of soil covering and grass planting operation, the labor force and the tender work of mechanical equipment are developed, and the labor force and the machinery enter the field.

4. The method for soil covering and grass planting in the plateau alpine region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of S2 making the soil matrix layer includes the following steps:

s21 ploughing the flat ground in the soil improvement area on the spot by using machinery, ploughing the flat ground to a ploughing depth of 48-52cm, directly burying the rock blocks larger than 5cm below the depth of 25cm through mechanical picking and screening, and covering the remaining fine-particle mudstones smaller than 5cm on the land blocks to form a soil matrix layer with the thickness of 30cm, so that the condition of soil improvement through fertilization is achieved;

s22 method for combining mechanical plowing and manual picking in on-site plowing of sloping fields of soil improvement areas, wherein plowed block stones larger than 5cm are collected at the bottom of a slope and are buried in a clearing mode or in a pit digging mode on a platform, the plowing depth at least reaches 50cm, so that a soil matrix layer with the thickness of at least 25cm is formed on the slope, and the condition of soil improvement through fertilization is achieved;

s23, preparing a soil matrix layer in a soil covering and green restoring area flat land, wherein the picked and peeled residue soil is mainly leveled in a manual or mechanical mode, and the thickness is 25 cm;

s24 soil covering and greening area slope making soil matrix layer mainly adopts manual or mechanical mode to level the picked-up and peeled-off residue soil, and the thickness is 25 cm.

5. The soil covering and grass planting construction method for the plateau alpine region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the S3 stone crushing treatment includes the following steps:

s31 selecting schists with proper size and hardness from the generated gravels for building a drainage system;

s32, selecting stones with relatively small particle sizes to consolidate and lift the first-stage terrain remodeling work, and backfilling and flattening the areas, the local flatness of which cannot meet the requirements, with the stones with relatively small particle sizes;

s33 the block stone with bigger grain size is buried in situ.

6. The soil covering and grass planting construction method for the plateau alpine region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the S4 drainage ditch is built, comprising the following steps:

the drainage ditch is built to the sloping field, and the earth dam is built all around to the platform, and road, living area clear away construction waste, clearance abandonment road, arrangement ground, the slope is less than 25, accomplishes the drainage smoothness at the bottom of the hole, does not ponding, turns over the dregs two times deeply on the spot, turns over all the times deeply and picks up the stone more than 5 centimetres with the machinery rake, and compound green face gravel coverage is less than 50%, the stone centralized processing that will pick up, wherein, the drainage ditch specification is: the soil is cut at the bottom of the water-retaining groove at the top of the slope by 800 multiplied by 500, the rock is cut at the bottom of the drainage groove at the toe of the slope by 1060 multiplied by 1700 multiplied by 500, and the rock is cut at the bottom of the drainage groove at the platform by 500 multiplied by 300.

7. The soil covering and grass planting construction method for the plateau alpine region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the S5 muck improvement comprises the following steps:

sloping field: uniformly paving the sheep board manure according to the amount of 33 cubic meters per mu, and then mechanically or manually ploughing by 10-20 cm to fully mix the residue soil and the sheep board manure to form reconstructed soil serving as a grass planting matrix surface;

leveling land: uniformly paving sheep board manure according to the amount of 33 cubic meters per mu, and then mechanically or manually and shallowly ploughing by 10-20 cm to achieve the purpose that muck and the sheep board manure are fully mixed to form reconstructed soil serving as a grass planting matrix surface, wherein the specifications of the sheep board manure are that the content of organic matters is more than 30%, the content of impurities is less than 10%, the content of water is less than 40%, and no large stones exist.

8. The soil covering and grass planting construction method for the plateau alpine region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the S6 spreading organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

after mixing the reconstructed soil of the sloping field, uniformly paving 1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer on the surface, then uniformly ploughing by using a heavy rake for 15 cm, then uniformly paving 1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer on the surface, and ploughing by using a light rake for 5cm to form a grass-planting green-covering surface;

after mixing the restructured soil on the flat ground, uniformly paving 750 kg/mu of organic fertilizer on the surface, then ploughing by using a heavy rake for 15 cm, uniformly paving 750 kg/mu of organic fertilizer on the surface, and ploughing by using a light rake for 5cm to form a grass-planting greenery surface.

9. The soil covering and grass planting construction method for the plateau alpine region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the S7 seeding and post-processing includes the following steps:

fully mixing four forage grass seeds and 15 kg of special fertilizer for forage grass, sowing on the surface of a seed grass matrix layer in a mechanical sowing mode, a manual sowing mode and other modes, wherein the wind speed in a plateau alpine region is high, and the seeds are pressed in time after sowing, and the sowing amount of the four forage grass seeds is 12 kg/mu in a platform area and 16 kg/mu in a sloping field;

raking and pressing the sowed land by adopting a mechanical or manual method;

after the raking and pressing is finished, the non-woven fabric is laid, and the edge overlapping position of the non-woven fabric is compacted and compacted by one stone block at least every 0.5 m.

10. The soil and grass covering construction method for the plateau alpine region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the S8 enclosure construction installation includes the following steps:

all parts must be qualified, and purchased parts must be certified and installed;

1 small upright post is arranged every 10 meters of the matched fence, and 1 middle upright post is arranged every 400 meters;

the fence installation requires that the buried part of the large, medium and small upright posts is not less than 0.6 m, and the remained part of the fence is not less than 1.4 m;

the shape of the net fence is determined according to the landform and the utilization convenience; the number and the positions of the fence doors can be set according to the requirements of the herdsmen;

each weft of the woven net is firmly bound with the upright post, and all fasteners cannot be loosened;

the gate is firmly installed and flexibly rotates;

in the process of installing the fence, reinforcement treatment is required to prevent the fence from lodging;

the fence specifications and parameters include:

the binding hook of the connecting piece is made of galvanized steel wires with the tensile strength of not less than 350 MPa and the diameter of 2.50 millimeters, and the length of each steel wire is 200 millimeters;

the connecting piece hook is made of galvanized steel wires with the tensile strength not lower than 350 MPa and the diameter of 2.50 millimeters, the length of each galvanized steel wire is 200 millimeters, the fence door adopts a double-leaf structure, the frame adopts a straight-seam electric welding steel pipe with the diameter of 25 in GB/T13793, the height of a single leaf of the fence door is 1300 millimeters, the width of the fence door is 1500 millimeters, and the raw materials adopt 30 multiplied by 3 flat iron, 40 multiplied by 4 angle steel and 1.5 millimeter steel plates;

the distance between the flat irons of the fence door is 150 mm, the fence door is coated with anti-rust paint and silver powder, the coating is uniform, and the exposed surface and the coating accumulation surface are avoided.

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