CN114182686A - Log frame and recycled concrete combined structure ecological slope protection and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an ecological slope protection of a log frame and resource concrete combined structure based on a natural design concept and a construction method thereof, wherein the ecological slope protection is formed by 2 modules constructed by an ecological slope protection and a habitat. The main structure of the ecological slope protection is composed of a three-dimensional log frame body and filling materials, the log frame body is constructed upwards from a slope toe to a position above a normal water level line, and the main filling materials are revetment concrete which is dismantled in situ, and various broken stones, sand and soil with different particle sizes. The border beach type habitat is mainly arranged on a riverbed at the wide river channel, and the main structure of the border beach type habitat mainly comprises log piles, logs and riprap. The ecological slope protection and the construction method thereof provided by the invention can realize the in-situ resource recycling of the revetment concrete, can reduce the carbon emission, promote the resource recycling of wastes, can enhance the stability of the revetment by virtue of the flexible design, recover the habitat function, and have important significance for promoting the construction of a low-carbon society and the construction of an ecological river.

Description

Log frame and recycled concrete combined structure ecological slope protection and construction method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological slope protection, and particularly relates to an ecological slope protection with a log frame and resource concrete combined structure and a construction method thereof.

Background

The ecological slope protection technology is based on the basic principle of subjects such as water and soil conservation, ecology, hydraulic engineering, bioscience and the like, a slope protection system with ecological functions is constructed on a slope by utilizing a method of combining plants, plants and engineering materials, and erosion resistance, sliding resistance and ecological restoration of the slope are realized through the functions of self-supporting, self-organization, self-restoration and the like of ecological engineering, so that the purposes of reducing water and soil loss, maintaining the living environment of slope plants, improving the quality of slope animal and microorganism habitats, constructing the habitat environment with the characteristic of spatial heterogeneity, constructing a healthy river ecosystem, improving the human living environment and the like are achieved.

The river ecological slope protection can be divided into an artificial landscape type in the suburb of an urban area and a natural ecological landscape type in the suburb of a remote area according to the position and the function positioning of a river reach, can be divided into a full-water ecological type and a soil-fixing greening type in the incomplete-water ecological type according to the existence of water or no water in a river channel, and can be divided into a curved channel type, a smooth type and a wide shoal land type according to the plane shape of the river channel. Aiming at different functional requirements, bottom mud (hard or soft) and flow velocity conditions of the river channel, different ecological slope protection materials and methods are needed. According to theoretical research and engineering practice of ecological slope protection technologies at home and abroad, the key technologies of ecological slope protection with plants as main structures can be divided into three categories: a full series of ecological slope protection, soil bioengineering and composite biostability technology. Common ecological slope protection forms include plant type slope protection, soil engineering material composite planting base slope protection, ecological gabion slope protection, vegetation type ecological concrete slope protection, ecological bag slope protection, porous structure slope protection, self-embedded retaining wall slope protection and the like.

Patent CN111517707A discloses ecological slope protection concrete and a construction method thereof, comprising base layer concrete, a water storage and moisture preservation concrete layer and surface layer concrete containing grass seeds; the base layer concrete comprises the following raw materials: the high-iron low-calcium cement clinker comprises a mineral component, an auxiliary functional component, an auxiliary gelling component and industrial gypsum, wherein the high-iron low-calcium silicate cement clinker is prepared from a calcareous raw material, an aluminum-silicon raw material, an iron raw material, a mineralizer and an activating agent. The base layer mainly plays a role in reinforcement, and admixture and the like do not need to be mixed and matched in the concrete production, so that the problems of the compatibility of the admixture and the stability of the engineering quality are effectively solved. The storage and metering of concrete raw materials are simplified, the production quality is easy to control, and the engineering quality can be obviously improved.

Patent CN205171530U discloses a multilayer ecological bank protection technique of muscle mike pad type, including base member layer, back up coat and vegetable layer, the vegetable layer along domatic surface from the bottom up be in proper order for heavy water vegetable layer, emergent water vegetable layer and wet living vegetable layer, the base member layer is including being equipped with domatic slope body, the river course has been opened to the upper end of slope body, the back up coat is for fixing the muscle mike pad on base member layer surface, the vegetable layer sets up on domatic surperficial muscle mike pad, lay the mixed layer that constitutes by soil and charcoal between vegetable layer and the muscle mike pad respectively. The domatic reinforcement that adopts the muscle mike pad that adds can improve the structural stability of villages and small towns gentle slope river bank protection, and the soil and water retention ability of reinforcing bank protection resumes the ecological function in river bank area, simultaneously, is equipped with different vegetation layers on the muscle mike pad surface, under the effect of bank protection matrix, microorganism and vegetation, has good conversion effect of holding back to coastal non-point source pollution.

The prior slope protection engineering focuses on the stability of the river bank and the flood discharge and drainage functions of the river channel, so that a hard structure is adopted more, the artificial interference on the natural bank line ecosystem of the river can be aggravated by the bank protection mode, and the function of the river ecosystem can be weakened. The plant type revetment mainly based on simple manual intervention cannot be compared with the strength of natural shoreline vegetation revetment, and the scour resistance is generally weaker before the vegetation forms developed roots; the slope protection of the geotechnical material composite planting base has the problems of high material cost, easy aging and the like, and the wide popularization is restricted due to the limitations that the applicable gradient cannot be too steep, the water flow cannot be too quick, the water level change cannot be too large and the like; the ecological gabion revetment needs a large amount of stones, and the metal mesh can collect various water surface floating garbage to influence the visual landscape, so that the applicability in plain areas is not strong; after the local fracture and damage, internal stone leakage can be caused, the stability of the bank slope is influenced, and potential safety hazards to people and animals can be caused; the vegetation type ecological concrete revetment needs alkali reduction treatment, has higher revetment price and is difficult to realize the ecological function of a shoreline; the ecological bag protection slope has requirements on use scenes, and is easy to age and carry out of a bag body under the washing of water flow, so that sedimentation is caused, and the stability of a bank slope is influenced; the porous structure revetment has small contribution to the ecological function of the river bank and is not suitable for scenes such as a steep slope and the like, otherwise, porous bricks are easy to slide down to the river channel, the river bank is easy to form a sunken zone by continuous washing of river water, and the revetment is not suitable for a sandy soil layer and a river channel with more bent river banks due to high cost and large construction workload; from inlaying formula retaining wall bank protection form ecological function is less than good, because the easy rivers of earth behind the wall body are taken away, causes cavity behind the wall, influences the stability of structure, leads to the wall body to collapse easily when rivers are too urgent, is not suitable for the river course that the camber is too big.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims at the defects and provides a composite shoreline structure which simulates the effect of natural shoreline soil and vegetation on the function of an ecosystem of a shoreline, aims to recover the shoreline with multiple ecological functions, realizes structural diversification and structural stability by a flexible frame built by log piling and log, realizes resource saving and low carbon process by in-situ resource utilization of waste concrete, realizes the requirement of plants on a growth matrix by backfilling concrete blocks, sandy soil and soil, realizes the requirement of the plants on the matrix nutrient in the early stage of growth by a soil sealing layer, protects water and soil loss by covering a degradable three-dimensional net mat, realizes habitat construction with different flow rates by fixing the log transversely lying on a river bed at the slope toe and the log pile of the river bed, and finally forms a composite shoreline structure with stable and elastic structure and multiple ecological functional characteristics by the comprehensive measures, ecological slope protection with log frame and recycled concrete combined structure and capable of achieving multiple targets of flood control, soil fixation, habitat restoration and the like and construction method of ecological slope protection

The invention provides the following technical scheme:

the ecological slope protection of the log frame and resource concrete combined structure is composed of a frame ecological slope protection of a slope structure and 2 modules of a beach type habitat which is connected with the frame ecological slope protection and is paved on the ground; the frame ecological slope protection comprises 5 layers of a substrate layer, an organic substrate layer, a vegetable layer and a three-dimensional net cushion reinforcing layer from bottom to top; the beach type habitat is a structure extending from a toe to the center of a river and is formed by combining a log pile, a log horizontally lying on the river bed and riprap;

the base layer is an inherent main body structure of a river bank zone, comprises a slope surface above the water surface, a slope surface below the water surface and a slope bottom, and is of a rock and soil structure;

the base layer is a filling layer with various particle sizes laid on the base layer, and mainly comprises a box type log frame body, in-situ resource block concrete filled in the box type log frame body, and natural stone, sand and soil matrix blended in the box type log frame body, wherein log piles vertical to a river bed are arranged above a normal water line at unequal intervals for reinforcement, so that the stability of filling stones is ensured; a groined log box body frame fixed on the vertical log pile is arranged below the normal water level line for reinforcement, so that the flexibility and the stability of the whole bank protection structure are ensured;

the organic matrix layer is arranged between the three-dimensional net cushion reinforcing layer and the matrix layer, is filled for facilitating vegetation growth and is a soil activity increasing machine or soil rich in organic matters, and is mainly formed by mixing a planting base material, straw activated carbon, a slow release fertilizer and a water retention material in proportion;

the vegetation layer is vegetation which is mainly pioneer species and is formed after the growth of grass seeds of an organic matrix layer sowed on a normal water line or a water level fluctuation area; or consists of covered shrubs and herbaceous plants planted in the gaps of the grids of the three-dimensional net pad;

the three-dimensional net cushion reinforcing layer is a reinforcing structure fixed on the surface of the mixed layer, is mainly composed of a net-shaped surface material woven by a three-dimensional spinning polymer material which can be degraded by ultraviolet rays, is laid on the covering soil, and is fixed by U-shaped rivets to prevent water and soil loss;

the beach type habitat is based on the actual requirement that the habitat function needs to be recovered after a hard revetment is dismantled, is composed of units formed by fixing 2 logs extending to the river center from slope feet by 3 pairs of log piles inserted into a riverbed and riprap, is mainly distributed in an open water area widened by a riverway, the distance interval between each group of units along the riverbank is 50-100m, and 3-5 groups are distributed according to the river scale and the available space on the site.

Further, artificial planting of pioneer plants is used to promote vegetation restoration when the vegetation layer is below the normal water line.

Furthermore, the vegetation layer is a grass, shrub and arbor vegetation layer from bottom to top, the grass, shrub and arbor vegetation layer is a submerged vegetation layer, an emergent vegetation layer and a wet vegetation layer in sequence, and the natural succession of river bank vegetation is realized in the follow-up natural process along with the movement of silt.

Furthermore, the log frame construction method is that a groined log box frame fixed on a vertical log pile is built in a water level change area and below a normal water level line to form a frame structure with strong stability and flexible characteristics, the box frames are filled with recycled block concrete which is crushed and screened on site, and partial natural stone and sand are mixed according to the proportion of not more than 20 percent as required to form a flexible bank protection structure; above the normal water level, on-site resource block concrete is mainly paved on the basal layer, partial natural macadam, sandy soil and soil matrix are blended, and the mixture is reinforced by log piles which are not equally spaced and are vertical to the river bed, so that the stability of filling stones is ensured;

the construction method of the habitat comprises the steps of erecting 2 logs in the same direction as the cross section of a river on a river bed at a wide position of a water surface, fixing the logs on 3 pairs of log piles extending from a slope toe to the center of the river by using galvanized wires, and compacting two sides of the logs lying on the river bed by using large-sized block stones, so that after sediment is promoted to deposit, habitat environments with different flow rates are built, and a natural landscape matched with the landform of the river is built.

The invention also provides a construction method of the ecological slope protection of the log frame and resource concrete combined structure, which comprises the following steps:

s1: dismantling the original concrete revetment, crushing and screening on site, stacking the recycled concrete capable of replacing rock blocks and broken stones for standby in a classified manner, completing concrete dismantling and recycling, then cleaning a side slope and a river bed, and completing construction of the base layer;

s2: after piling logs, fixing transverse logs on 5 vertical rows of log piles from a slope bottom to a normal water level by using galvanized wires in an area below the normal water level to form 3 groups of 2-3 layers of staggered box-type frame structures built by the logs, wherein the frame structures are parallel to a water surface; after the frame structure is constructed, filling the classified and stacked resource concrete into the frame through mechanical operation, and mixing and filling partial rock blocks, broken stones and sand according to the order of the particle size from large to small; and paving resource concrete and soil matrix with different grain diameters on the base layer by means of the reinforcing effect of the 2 rows of log piles above the normal water level to complete the construction of all the base layers. 2 logs lying on the river bed are erected at a river section with a wide water surface or widened water surface, and are fixed on 3 pairs of log piles extending from a slope toe to the center of the river by using galvanized wires and riprap so as to achieve the aims of promoting sediment accumulation and building habitats with different water depths and different flow rates;

s3: for the bank slope with the slope surface more than or equal to 1:2 or the ecological restoration project with the demand of quickly recovering the vegetation of the slope, the organic matrix layer is adopted, and an organic matrix mixture consisting of straw, mushroom residue, grass carbon, sawdust and livestock and poultry manure is fermented or treated at high temperature and then mixed with an inorganic mixture consisting of one or more of river sand, coal residue, vermiculite and perlite according to a proportion, and the mixture is uniformly laid on the surface of the matrix layer above the normal water level or the laying thickness is controlled between 5 cm and 8cm according to the scale and the gradient of the bank slope, so that the construction of the organic matrix layer is completed;

s4: the method comprises three steps of shrub planting, shrub maintenance and grass planting, and the construction of the vegetation layer is completed;

s5: the mesh wires of the net-shaped surface material are coated and bonded on the upper surface and the lower surface of the rib net, and a three-dimensional mesh pad with a rib structure is selected according to the steepness of a slope, wherein the slope is less than or equal to 1: 1; and selecting the type of the three-dimensional net cushion according to the gradient of the ecological slope protection, and performing three-dimensional net laying, anchoring ditch construction and earthwork backfilling to finish the construction of the three-dimensional net cushion reinforcing layer, thereby finishing the construction of the ecological slope protection of the log frame and resource concrete combined structure.

Further, the slope and river bed cleaning in the step S1 includes the following steps: according to design requirements, determining whether single bank construction or simultaneous construction of two banks is carried out according to land properties and space constraint conditions of two sides of a river bank; after cofferdam closure, removing silt and solid garbage deposited on the riverbed and the lower part of the river bank through engineering measures; excavating a river bank, and modeling a terrain to realize a bank slope foundation environment which can meet initial construction conditions; the original vegetation of the riparian zone is protected as much as possible for the riverway with the requirement of widening, and the slope bottom and the slope surface outside the vegetation protection are treated to be in a flat state as much as possible; the elevation, sideline and gradient need to be strictly controlled; large-area turning over of slope soil is avoided to the greatest extent so as to reduce water and soil loss of the slope.

Further, the method for constructing biological habitat in step S2 is to vertically drive 2 groups of log pile combinations at intervals of 30m along the bank at a near-shore riverbed at a relatively open river section for constructing shoal type habitats of different flow rates, each group of log pile combination includes 2 log piles, then lay 2 logs on the riverbed corresponding to each group of log piles in the same direction as the cross section of the river, connect and fix the laid logs with 2 groups of log pile combinations on the slope bottom and the riverbed by using a zinc plating line, form a shoal where sediment is deposited at the place by subsequent hydrological sediment movement, and form a naturally-growing vegetation by bringing plant seeds with the sediment;

further, the method for filling and laying resource concrete in the step S2 includes: the coarse particle filling material is mainly prepared from a material prepared by matching recycled concrete blocks obtained by crushing and screening a concrete revetment wall which is dismantled on site with natural stone according to a certain proportion;

below the normal water level, in order to prevent the water flow from washing, the box-type frame structure is mainly filled with resource concrete blocks, large-sized rock blocks, broken stones and sandy soil without filling soil;

above the normal water level, besides filling resource concrete blocks, large-sized rock blocks, broken stones and sandy soil, soil is also filled to promote the rapid recovery of the wet and terrestrial vegetation;

filling construction is carried out according to the order of the grain diameter from large to small, firstly, large stone and concrete blocks are required to press the bottom of a log frame to play a role of stabilizing the skeleton, and above the normal water level, fine-grain sandy soil and soil rich in organic matters are filled into gaps to form a mixed filling structure with the grain diameter from large to small; after filling, equipment is needed for compaction, and the situation that the slope sinks due to rainfall runoff to influence the structure stability and the landscape effect is prevented.

Further, the step of S4 includes the steps of:

s41: and (3) planting shrubs: after the construction of the base layer and the organic matrix layer of the bank protection is finished, shrub seeds are dibbled from top to bottom, and the grass seeds are covered by the suitable materials and the surface soil.

S42: and (3) shrub maintenance: and (3) fully covering the whole bank slope by using non-woven fabrics, keeping the soil in a wet state, removing the non-woven fabrics after the shrubs emerge, and scattering and planting grass when the overall height exceeds 20 cm.

S43: grass planting: uniformly mixing grass seeds and soil according to the volume ratio of 1:3, then sowing the mixture on a soil matrix paved with a three-dimensional net mat, sealing a layer by using the soil after the sowing is finished, and spraying wet surface soil.

Further, the three-dimensional mesh mat laying, anchoring ditch construction and earthwork backfilling in the step S5 are performed according to the following steps:

s51: the operation is carried out from top to bottom, and U-shaped anchors are used for fixing;

s52: excavating an anchoring ditch at a position 0.6m away from the edge of the top of the slope, anchoring the three-dimensional net cushion along the bottom of the excavated ditch after the excavation is finished, backfilling soil and compacting;

s53: and (3) backfilling the sealing layer of the three-dimensional net cushion by using the soil excavated in situ or the soil mixture rich in organic matters, wherein the backfilling thickness is controlled to be 15-20 cm.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention aims to solve the problems that the conventional concrete hard revetment has a single structural form, destroys the habitat structure of a natural shoreline and a river bed, reduces the function of a river ecosystem and the like, focuses on a plurality of challenges faced by ecological reconstruction, realizes the recycling of waste concrete generated on a river and lake ecological restoration construction site and the reconstruction of a habitat and an ecological system through the organic combination of the waste concrete, a log pile, gravel, sandy soil, soil and vegetation, avoids the problems of natural stone mining, processing, transportation energy consumption and the like, and provides a low-carbon-mode composite ecological slope protection and construction technology.

2. The ecological slope protection and the construction method thereof provided by the invention can realize in-situ resource recycling of revetment concrete, can reduce carbon emission in the process of transporting and disposing waste concrete, can enhance the stability of the revetment and promote the resource recycling of waste, and have important significance for saving natural materials such as wood, gravel and the like.

3. The ecological slope protection provided by the invention can be changed into resource concrete through processes of on-site crushing, screening and the like after the revetment concrete is removed, can be reused as a filler for bank protection after being recombined with sand and soil, and can form a low-carbon mode foundation-fixing material for river and lake bank slopes after being combined with a log frame body, thereby avoiding extra energy consumption of industrial waste treatment and reducing resource waste.

4. The ecological revetment and the construction method thereof provided by the invention realize resource utilization, not only can meet the structural strength of the revetment, but also can avoid negative effects such as chemical release of concrete and the like. The log frame body can provide the scour protection for slope protection structure, for silt siltation and vegetation recovery play solid basic effect, and then improve this ecological slope protection structure's whole scour resistance and through the state that flexible construction keeps balance, effectively restrain soil erosion and water loss, still can establish the aquatic organism habitat that has different depth of water and different velocity of flow characteristics, and then promote ecological combined benefits.

Drawings

The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:

fig. 1 is an overall schematic view of an ecological slope protection provided by the present invention;

fig. 2 is a bird's eye view of the ecological slope protection provided by the present invention;

fig. 3 is a side sectional view of the ecological slope protection provided by the present invention;

fig. 4 is a side-beach type habitat overlooking plan view of the ecological slope protection provided by the invention;

fig. 5 is a side sectional view of the edge beach type habitat of the ecological slope protection provided by the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1-2, the ecological slope protection with the combination structure of the log frame and the resource concrete provided by the present embodiment is composed of the ecological slope protection with the frame of the slope structure and 2 modules of the beach-type habitat connected with the ecological slope protection and laid on the ground; as shown in fig. 3, the frame ecological slope protection comprises, from bottom to top, 5 layers of a substrate (foundation) layer, a substrate layer, an organic matrix layer, a vegetation layer and a three-dimensional mesh mat reinforcement layer; the border beach type habitat is a structure extending from a toe to the center of a river and is formed by combining a log pile, a log horizontally lying on the river bed and riprap;

the basal layer (also called as a foundation) is an inherent main body structure of a river bank zone, comprises a slope surface above the water surface, a slope surface below the water surface and a slope bottom, and is a rock and soil structure;

the base layer is a filling layer with various particle sizes laid on the base layer, mainly comprises massive resource concrete, natural stone, sand and soil matrix, and is reinforced by log piles which are not equally spaced and are vertical to a river bed, so that the stability of the filled stone is ensured; the log piles which are vertical to the river bed and are at unequal intervals are arranged above the normal water line for reinforcement, so that the stability of filling stones is ensured; a groined log box body frame fixed on the vertical log pile is arranged below the normal water level line for reinforcement, so that the flexibility and the stability of the whole bank protection structure are ensured;

the organic matrix layer is arranged between the three-dimensional net cushion reinforcing layer and the matrix layer, is filled for facilitating the growth of vegetation and is a soil quality increasing the soil activity or a soil rich in organic matters, and is mainly formed by mixing a planting base material, straw activated carbon, a slow release fertilizer, a water retention material and the like in proportion; in actual construction, clear physical boundaries do not exist among the matrix layer, the organic matrix layer and the vegetation seed layer, and the clear physical boundaries often exist in a mixed mode; the method is mainly suitable for bank slopes with the slope surface more than or equal to 1:2, and can be used for ecological restoration projects with the requirement of quickly restoring slope vegetation; the organic substrate and the vegetation seeds can be mixed according to actual conditions and then directly filled in the surface layer of the substrate layer above the normal water level, so that the natural recovery of plants is promoted.

The vegetation layer is vegetation which is mainly pioneer species and is formed after the growth of grass seeds of an organic matrix layer sowed on a normal water line or a water level fluctuation area; or consists of covered shrubs and herbaceous plants planted in the gaps of the grids of the three-dimensional net cushion.

The three-dimensional net cushion reinforcing layer is a reinforcing structure fixed on the surface of the mixed layer, is mainly composed of a net-shaped surface material woven by a three-dimensional spinning polymer material which can be degraded by ultraviolet rays, is laid on the covering soil, and is fixed by U-shaped rivets to prevent water and soil loss;

as shown in fig. 4-5, the beach-type habitat is based on the actual requirement that the habitat function needs to be recovered after a hard revetment is dismantled, and is composed of units formed by fixing 2 logs extending from a slope foot to the center of a river by 3 pairs of log piles and riprap inserted into the river bed, and is mainly distributed in an open water area widened by a river channel, wherein the distance interval between each group of units along the river bank is 50-100m, and 3-5 groups are distributed according to the river scale and the available space on site.

When the vegetation layer is positioned below the normal water line, the vegetation is promoted to recover by adopting an artificial planting mode.

The vegetation layer is a grass, shrub and arbor vegetation layer from bottom to top, the grass, shrub and arbor vegetation layer is a submerged vegetation layer, an emergent vegetation layer and a wet vegetation layer in sequence, and the natural succession of river bank vegetation is realized in the follow-up natural process along with the movement of silt.

The log frame is constructed by constructing a groined log box frame fixed on a vertical log pile in a water level change area and below a normal water level line to form a frame structure with strong stability and flexible characteristics, filling in each box frame with recycled block concrete which is crushed and screened on site, and mixing partial natural stone and sandy soil according to the proportion of not more than 20% as required to form a flexible revetment structure. Above the normal water level, on-site resource block concrete is mainly paved on the basal layer, partial natural macadam, sandy soil and soil matrix are blended, and the mixture is reinforced by log piles which are not equally spaced and are vertical to the river bed, so that the stability of filling stones is ensured;

the habitat construction method includes erecting 2 logs on a river bed at a wide water surface, fixing the logs on 3 pairs of log piles extending from a slope toe to the center of the river by using galvanized wires, compacting two sides of the logs lying on the river bed by using large-sized block stones, promoting sediment deposition, creating habitat environments with different flow rates, and creating a natural landscape matched with the landform of the river.

Example 2

The embodiment provides a method for constructing an ecological slope protection of a log frame and recycled concrete combined structure provided in embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:

s1: dismantling the original concrete revetment, crushing and screening on site, stacking recycled concrete capable of replacing stones and gravels in a classified manner for later use to complete concrete dismantling and recycling, then cleaning a side slope and a riverbed, and determining single bank construction or simultaneous construction of two banks according to the design requirements and the land property and space constraint condition of two sides of the riverbank; after cofferdam closure, removing silt and solid garbage deposited on the riverbed and the lower part of the river bank through engineering measures; excavating a river bank, and modeling a terrain to realize a bank slope foundation environment which can meet initial construction conditions; protecting original vegetation such as arbors, shrubs and the like in a riparian zone as much as possible for a river channel with a requirement of widening, and treating a slope bottom and a slope surface outside the vegetation protection to be in a flat state as much as possible; the elevation, sideline and gradient need to be strictly controlled; large-area turning over of slope soil is avoided to the greatest extent so as to reduce water and soil loss of the slope and complete construction of the basal layer;

s2: piling the logs; fixing transverse logs on 5 vertical rows of log piles from a slope bottom to a position close to the normal water level by using a galvanized wire in an area below the normal water level to form 3 groups of 2-3 layers of staggered box-type frame structures built by the logs, keeping the frame structures parallel to the water level, only driving 2 rows of log piles above the normal water level without manufacturing box-type frames to complete the construction of a box-type frame structure, filling the frame with classified and stacked resource concrete for standby through mechanical operation after the construction of the frame structure is completed, and filling partial rock blocks, broken stones and mixed soil according to the sequence of the particle sizes from large to small; then, a biological habitat is built, 2 groups of log pile combinations are vertically driven into a wider river section along the river bank at intervals of 30m at the position of a near-shore river bed for building shoal type habitats with different flow rates, each group of log pile combination comprises 2 log piles, 2 logs are laid on the river bed corresponding to each group of log piles in the same direction with the cross section of the river, the laid logs are connected and fixed with 2 groups of log pile combinations on the slope bottom and the river bed by using galvanized wires, subsequent hydrological sediment movement forms a shallow land with sediment deposition at the position, plant seeds form naturally-growing vegetation along with the sediment, and resource concrete and soil matrixes with different particle sizes are laid on a base layer above the normal water level by means of the reinforcing effect of the 2 rows of log piles, so that the construction of all the matrix layers is completed. 2 logs lying on the river bed are erected at a river section with a wide water surface or widened water surface, and are fixed on 3 pairs of log piles extending from a slope toe to the center of the river by using galvanized wires and riprap so as to achieve the aims of promoting sediment accumulation and building habitats with different water depths and different flow rates; filling and laying the resource concrete: the coarse particle filling material is mainly prepared from a material prepared by matching recycled concrete blocks obtained by crushing and screening a concrete revetment wall which is dismantled on site with natural stone according to a certain proportion;

below the normal water level, in order to prevent the water flow from washing, the box-type frame structure is mainly filled with resource concrete blocks, large-sized rock blocks, broken stones and sandy soil without filling soil;

above the normal water level, besides filling resource concrete blocks, large-sized rock blocks, broken stones and sandy soil, soil is also filled to promote the rapid recovery of the wet and terrestrial vegetation;

filling construction is carried out according to the order of the grain diameter from large to small, firstly, large stone and concrete blocks are required to press the bottom of a log frame to play a role of stabilizing the skeleton, and above the normal water level, fine-grain sandy soil and soil rich in organic matters are filled into gaps to form a mixed filling structure with the grain diameter from large to small; equipment is needed for compaction after filling, so that the situation that the slope sinks due to rainfall runoff to influence the structure stability and the landscape effect is prevented; completing the construction of a substrate layer;

s3: for a bank slope with a slope surface larger than or equal to 1:2 or an ecological restoration project with the demand of quickly recovering vegetation on the slope, an organic matrix layer is adopted, an organic matrix mixture consisting of straw, mushroom residue, turf, sawdust and livestock and poultry manure is fermented or treated at high temperature, then the organic matrix layer is mixed with an inorganic mixture consisting of one or more of river sand, coal residue, vermiculite and perlite according to a proportion, and the mixture is uniformly laid on the surface of a matrix layer above a normal water level or the laying thickness is controlled to be between 5 and 8cm according to the scale and the gradient of the bank slope, so that the construction of the organic matrix layer is completed;

s4: the method comprises three steps of shrub planting, shrub maintenance and grass planting, and specifically comprises the following steps:

s41: and (3) planting shrubs: after the construction of the base layer and the organic matrix layer of the bank protection is finished, shrub seeds are dibbled from top to bottom, and the grass seeds are covered by the suitable materials and the surface soil.

S42: and (3) shrub maintenance: and (3) fully covering the whole bank slope by using non-woven fabrics, keeping the soil in a wet state, removing the non-woven fabrics after the shrubs emerge, and scattering and planting grass when the overall height exceeds 20 cm.

S43: grass planting: uniformly mixing grass seeds and soil according to the volume ratio of 1:3, then sowing the mixture on a soil matrix paved with a three-dimensional net mat, sealing a layer by using the soil after the sowing is finished, and spraying wet surface soil; completing the construction of the vegetation layer;

s5: the net wires of the net-shaped surface material are coated and bonded on the upper surface and the lower surface of the rib net, and the three-dimensional net cushion with the rib structure is selected according to the steepness of the slope, wherein the slope is less than or equal to 1: 1; selecting the type of the three-dimensional net cushion according to the gradient of the ecological slope protection, and carrying out three-dimensional net laying, anchoring ditch construction and earthwork backfilling:

s51: laying a three-dimensional net cushion: the operation is carried out from top to bottom, and U-shaped anchors are used for fixing;

s52: and (3) anchoring groove construction: excavating an anchoring ditch at a position 0.6m away from the edge of the top of the slope, anchoring the three-dimensional net cushion along the bottom of the excavated ditch after the excavation is finished, backfilling soil and compacting;

s53: backfilling earthwork: sealing and backfilling the three-dimensional net cushion by using soil excavated in situ or a soil mixture rich in organic matters, wherein the backfilling thickness is controlled to be 15-20 cm;

and finishing the construction of the three-dimensional net cushion reinforcing layer, and further finishing the construction of the log frame body and the ecological slope protection of the resource concrete combined structure.

Application example 1

The application example adopts the ecological slope protection provided by the embodiment 1 to be applied to the project of river regulation in the Chongying Dongcun center. Both sides of the original river bank are village level roads, and the river section of the east bank is a concrete revetment and a concrete cured river bed. The project is implemented by the subject group, and combines with the Chongming tax planning department, the construction mode adopts the block concrete, the log and the dredged sediment which are recycled on site, and the slope protection adopts 2 modes of log piling and ecological bag. Submerged plants and emergent plants are planted below the normal water level, original shrubs and arbors are reserved above the normal water level, herbaceous plants are properly planted, the natural landscape is quickly restored after completion, comprehensive benefits such as resource utilization, ecological slope protection and environment beautification are brought into play, and the cost is saved by 31%.

Application example 2

The application example adopts the black and odorous river regulation engineering of the Oqujin river in Taoyuan town of Wujiang, Suzhou, provided in example 1. As an engineering demonstration of the national key research and development plan borne by the subject group, the Chinese-Austrian cooperative team is responsible for the work of design, evaluation and the like. Based on comprehensive improvement of target positioning, on the basis of comprehensive investigation and evaluation, an original concrete bank protection construction plan is cancelled, long-term silted bed sediment is dredged, after various construction wastes and domestic wastes on a bank slope are cleaned, based on a natural solution scheme and an ecological river construction theory, the landform of an original natural shoreline is ingeniously utilized, methods such as log piling and stone throwing are utilized, various miniature gulfs and trees extending to the water surface are combined to construct a shoal habitat and a shading environment with good canopy density, vegetation is protected and quickly restored after completion, the effects of ecological protection priority and quick restoration are realized, and the total cost is saved by 45%.

While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way as long as there is no structural conflict. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The ecological slope protection of the log frame and resource concrete combined structure is characterized by consisting of a frame ecological slope protection of a slope structure and 2 modules of a beach type habitat which is connected with the frame ecological slope protection and is paved on the ground; the frame ecological slope protection comprises 5 layers of a substrate layer, an organic substrate layer, a vegetable layer and a three-dimensional net cushion reinforcing layer from bottom to top; the beach type habitat is a structure extending from a toe to the center of a river and is formed by combining a log pile, a log horizontally lying on the river bed and riprap;

the base layer is an inherent main body structure of a river bank zone, comprises a slope surface above the water surface, a slope surface below the water surface and a slope bottom, and is of a rock and soil structure;

the base layer is a filling layer with various particle sizes laid on the base layer, and mainly comprises a box type log frame body, in-situ resource block concrete filled in the box type log frame body, and natural stone, sand and soil matrix blended in the box type log frame body, wherein log piles vertical to a river bed are arranged above a normal water line at unequal intervals for reinforcement, so that the stability of filling stones is ensured; a groined log box body frame fixed on the vertical log pile is arranged below the normal water level line for reinforcement, so that the flexibility and the stability of the whole bank protection structure are ensured;

the organic matrix layer is arranged between the three-dimensional net cushion reinforcing layer and the matrix layer, is filled for facilitating vegetation growth and is a soil activity increasing machine or soil rich in organic matters, and is mainly formed by mixing a planting base material, straw activated carbon, a slow release fertilizer and a water retention material in proportion;

the vegetation layer is vegetation which is mainly pioneer species and is formed after the growth of grass seeds of an organic matrix layer sowed on a normal water line or a water level fluctuation area; or consists of covered shrubs and herbaceous plants planted in the gaps of the grids of the three-dimensional net pad;

the three-dimensional net cushion reinforcing layer is a reinforcing structure fixed on the surface of the mixed layer, is mainly composed of a net-shaped surface material woven by a three-dimensional spinning polymer material which can be degraded by ultraviolet rays, is laid on the covering soil, and is fixed by U-shaped rivets to prevent water and soil loss;

the beach type habitat is based on the actual requirement that the habitat function needs to be recovered after a hard revetment is dismantled, is composed of units formed by fixing 2 logs extending to the river center from slope feet by 3 pairs of log piles inserted into a riverbed and riprap, is mainly distributed in an open water area widened by a riverway, the distance interval between each group of units along the riverbank is 50-100m, and 3-5 groups are distributed according to the river scale and the available space on the site.

2. The log frame and resource concrete combined structure ecological slope protection of claim 1, wherein when the vegetation layer is below the normal water line, vegetation recovery is promoted by means of artificial planting of pioneer plants.

3. The log frame and resource concrete combined structure ecological slope protection of claim 1, characterized in that the vegetation layer is a grass, shrub and arbor vegetation layer from bottom to top in sequence, the grass, shrub and arbor vegetation layer is a submerged vegetation layer, an emergent vegetation layer and a wetland vegetation layer in sequence, and the natural succession of river bank vegetation is realized in the follow-up natural process along with the movement of silt.

4. The ecological slope protection with the log frame and resource concrete combined structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the log frame is constructed by constructing and fixing a groined log box frame on a vertical log pile in a water level fluctuation area and below a normal water level to form a frame structure with high stability and flexibility, filling resource block concrete crushed and sieved on site in each box frame, and blending partial natural stone and sand according to the proportion of not more than 20% as required to form a flexible bank protection structure; above the normal water level, on-site resource block concrete is mainly paved on the basal layer, partial natural macadam, sandy soil and soil matrix are blended, and the mixture is reinforced by log piles which are not equally spaced and are vertical to the river bed, so that the stability of filling stones is ensured;

the construction method of the habitat comprises the steps of erecting 2 logs in the same direction as the cross section of a river on a river bed at a wide position of a water surface, fixing the logs on 3 pairs of log piles extending from a slope toe to the center of the river by using galvanized wires, and compacting two sides of the logs lying on the river bed by using large-sized block stones, so that after sediment is promoted to deposit, habitat environments with different flow rates are built, and a natural landscape matched with the landform of the river is built.

5. The method for constructing the ecological slope protection of the log frame and resource concrete combined structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps:

s1: dismantling the original concrete bank protection, crushing and screening on site, and then stacking the recycled concrete capable of replacing the rock blocks and the broken stones for standby，Finishing the concrete dismantling and recycling, and then cleaning a side slope and a riverbed to finish the construction of the base layer;

s2: after piling logs, fixing transverse logs on 5 vertical rows of log piles from a slope bottom to a normal water level by using galvanized wires in an area below the normal water level to form 3 groups of 2-3 layers of staggered box-type frame structures built by the logs, wherein the frame structures are parallel to a water surface; after the frame structure is constructed, filling the classified and stacked resource concrete into the frame through mechanical operation, and mixing and filling partial rock blocks, broken stones and sand according to the order of the particle size from large to small; and paving resource concrete and soil matrix with different grain diameters on the base layer by means of the reinforcing effect of the 2 rows of log piles above the normal water level to complete the construction of all the base layers. 2 logs lying on the river bed are erected at a river section with a wide water surface or widened water surface, and are fixed on 3 pairs of log piles extending from a slope toe to the center of the river by using galvanized wires and riprap so as to achieve the aims of promoting sediment accumulation and building habitats with different water depths and different flow rates;

s3: for the bank slope with the slope surface more than or equal to 1:2 or the ecological restoration project with the demand of quickly recovering the vegetation of the slope, the organic matrix layer is adopted, and an organic matrix mixture consisting of straw, mushroom residue, grass carbon, sawdust and livestock and poultry manure is fermented or treated at high temperature and then mixed with an inorganic mixture consisting of one or more of river sand, coal residue, vermiculite and perlite according to a proportion, and the mixture is uniformly laid on the surface of the matrix layer above the normal water level or the laying thickness is controlled between 5 cm and 8cm according to the scale and the gradient of the bank slope, so that the construction of the organic matrix layer is completed;

s4: the method comprises three steps of shrub planting, shrub maintenance and grass planting, and the construction of the vegetation layer is completed;

s5: the mesh wires of the net-shaped surface material are coated and bonded on the upper surface and the lower surface of the rib net, and a three-dimensional mesh pad with a rib structure is selected according to the steepness of a slope, wherein the slope is less than or equal to 1: 1; and selecting the type of the three-dimensional net cushion according to the gradient of the ecological slope protection, and performing three-dimensional net laying, anchoring ditch construction and earthwork backfilling to finish the construction of the three-dimensional net cushion reinforcing layer, thereby finishing the construction of the ecological slope protection of the log frame and resource concrete combined structure.

6. The construction method according to claim 5, wherein the slope and river bed cleaning in the step S1 includes the steps of: according to design requirements, determining whether single bank construction or simultaneous construction of two banks is carried out according to land properties and space constraint conditions of two sides of a river bank; after cofferdam closure, removing silt and solid garbage deposited on the riverbed and the lower part of the river bank through engineering measures; excavating a river bank, and modeling a terrain to realize a bank slope foundation environment which can meet initial construction conditions; the original vegetation of the riparian zone is protected as much as possible for the riverway with the requirement of widening, and the slope bottom and the slope surface outside the vegetation protection are treated to be in a flat state as much as possible; the elevation, sideline and gradient need to be strictly controlled; large-area turning over of slope soil is avoided to the greatest extent so as to reduce water and soil loss of the slope.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the method of constructing the biological habitat at S2 is to vertically drive 2 sets of log pile combinations at 30m intervals along the bank at the near-shore bed in a relatively open river section for constructing shallow type habitats of different flow rates, each set of log pile combination includes 2 log piles, 2 logs are laid on the bed in the same direction as the cross section of the river corresponding to each set of log piles, and the laid logs are connected and fixed with the 2 sets of log pile combinations on the slope bottom and the bed by using galvanized lines, and the subsequent hydrologic sediment movement forms a shallow beach where sediment is deposited, and plant seeds form naturally growing vegetation with the sediment;

8. the construction method according to claim 5, wherein the resource concrete filling and laying method in the step S2 is as follows: the coarse particle filling material is mainly prepared from a material prepared by matching recycled concrete blocks obtained by crushing and screening a concrete revetment wall which is dismantled on site with natural stone according to a certain proportion;

below the normal water level, in order to prevent the water flow from washing, the box-type frame structure is mainly filled with resource concrete blocks, large-sized rock blocks, broken stones and sandy soil without filling soil;

above the normal water level, besides filling resource concrete blocks, large-sized rock blocks, broken stones and sandy soil, soil is also filled to promote the rapid recovery of the wet and terrestrial vegetation;

filling construction is carried out according to the order of the grain diameter from large to small, firstly, large stone and concrete blocks are required to press the bottom of a log frame to play a role of stabilizing the skeleton, and above the normal water level, fine-grain sandy soil and soil rich in organic matters are filled into gaps to form a mixed filling structure with the grain diameter from large to small; after filling, equipment is needed for compaction, and the situation that the slope sinks due to rainfall runoff to influence the structure stability and the landscape effect is prevented.

9. The method of constructing as claimed in claim 5, wherein said step of S4 includes the steps of:

s41: and (3) planting shrubs: after the construction of the base layer and the organic matrix layer of the bank protection is finished, shrub seeds are dibbled from top to bottom, and the grass seeds are covered by the suitable materials and the surface soil.

S42: and (3) shrub maintenance: and (3) fully covering the whole bank slope by using non-woven fabrics, keeping the soil in a wet state, removing the non-woven fabrics after the shrubs emerge, and scattering and planting grass when the overall height exceeds 20 cm.

S43: grass planting: uniformly mixing grass seeds and soil according to the volume ratio of 1:3, then sowing the mixture on a soil matrix paved with a three-dimensional net mat, sealing a layer by using the soil after the sowing is finished, and spraying wet surface soil.

10. The construction method according to claim 5, wherein the three-dimensional mat laying, the anchoring ditch construction and the earth backfilling in the step S5 are performed according to the following steps:

s51: the operation is carried out from top to bottom, and U-shaped anchors are used for fixing;

s52: excavating an anchoring ditch at a position 0.6m away from the edge of the top of the slope, anchoring the three-dimensional net cushion along the bottom of the excavated ditch after the excavation is finished, backfilling soil and compacting;

s53: and (3) backfilling the sealing layer of the three-dimensional net cushion by using the soil excavated in situ or the soil mixture rich in organic matters, wherein the backfilling thickness is controlled to be 15-20 cm.

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