CN114215003B - Construction method of water and soil conservation ecological system during construction of landscape topography in sea entrance area - Google Patents
Construction method of water and soil conservation ecological system during construction of landscape topography in sea entrance area Download PDFInfo
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- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water and soil conservation ecological system when a landscape topography is built in a sea-entrance area, the structure of the water and soil conservation ecological system comprises a topography structure when a new earth is built, a water and water anti-impact soil improvement structure and a wave elimination protection structure, and the combination of a riprap revetment, an ecological off-shore island, a pine pile isolation belt, an improved foundation backfill, planting soil and a hemp coconut ecological anti-impact blanket, the combination of the water and water anti-impact soil improvement structure and the wave elimination protection structure form an open system; also relates to a construction method of the water and soil conservation ecological system. The system and the method provide conditions for substance, energy and information exchange in the estuary river channel, the intertidal zone and the land ecological system, ensure the balance of the static and dynamic systems, ensure the whole system to have the capacity of organizing and self-regulating, achieve the overall attractive effect through the arrangement of the ecological offshore island and mangrove planting area, and provide better landscape experience for the travel of citizens.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of municipal engineering construction, in particular to a water and soil conservation ecological system and a construction method thereof during construction of landscape terrains in a sea area.
Background
When the landscape topography of the sea entrance is built, the newly built topography side slope is difficult to bear the flushing of the annual rapid water flow due to the large fluctuation of the tide of the sea entrance and the rapid water flow speed, so that the water and soil loss is serious, and the soil thickness and stable ecological environment required by the growth of mangrove plants are difficult to meet. For this problem, concrete precast blocks or grouted stone retaining walls are usually used for soil fixation, but the soil has the defects of easy weathering, peeling and the like of slope rock soil and quite high manufacturing cost. In the actual use process, the seaweed or shellfish pollution caused by high-temperature exposure and collapse and tides is difficult to be born, the cleaning is difficult, the landscape image is influenced and the like. Moreover, the slope protection such as concrete precast blocks or slurry masonry stones are adopted, so that unbalance of animal and plant ecological systems and loss of self-regulation function in the sea entrance area are caused, and negative effects are caused on ecological environment protection, resource development, utilization and development.
Another protection form is that the fir piles are combined with the hemp and the coconut to form the ecological impact blanket, and the ecological impact blanket meets the requirement of ecological functions, but has shorter life cycle under the environments of strong insolation, strong corrosion and strong scouring facing the sea entrance area, has poor actual soil fixing effect, and can destroy the growth environment of the mangrove plants just planted by replacement and maintenance, thereby causing adverse effects of reduced survival rate of the plants and the like. Therefore, the prior art cannot meet the requirement of providing stable water and soil conditions in the sea entrance area to ensure the landscape construction of the mangrove plant with high quality, and in addition, the prior art is ecological, either high in cost or high in maintenance cost. The invention aims to solve the problems of water and soil conservation at the sea entrance with low cost, low maintenance and high ecology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a water and soil conservation ecological system and a construction method thereof when landscape topography of a sea entrance area is constructed. The ecological system and the construction method of the invention combine the topography main body with the matched materials, plant materials and other measures to realize the construction of the system, thereby achieving the aim of building the landscape ecological system under the severe conditions of the sea entrance area.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a water and soil conservation ecological system for building landscape terrains in a sea entrance area, wherein a terrains structure for building terrains by newly advancing earthwork, a water-containing anti-impact soil improvement structure and a wave elimination protection structure are arranged in the water and soil conservation ecological system, an undisturbed riverbed, a submerged barrier stone revetment, a pine pile isolation belt, an ecological offshore island, a throwing stone revetment and a mangrove planting area are sequentially arranged along the direction of a river mouth to the land, and the terrains structure for building terrains by newly advancing earthwork comprises an undisturbed soil layer, a backfill foundation improvement layer, a bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer and a hemp coconut ecological blanket layer which are sequentially arranged along the height direction of a slope surface from the bottom to the top;
the backfill foundation improvement layer and the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer are used as the water-containing anti-impact soil improvement structure, a waterproof geotechnical cloth layer and a hemp-coconut ecological anti-impact blanket layer are arranged in the bamboo basket of the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer, and the backfill foundation improvement layer extends from the mangrove forest planting area to the undisturbed riverbed through an offshore island;
the pine pile isolation belt, the ecological offshore island and the riprap revetment are used as the wave-eliminating protection structure, and a mangrove planting area is arranged on the ecological offshore island so as to plant wave-eliminating pioneer red tree species.
In the water and soil conservation ecological system in the sea entrance area, the backfill foundation improvement layer extends upwards from the side slope undisturbed soil layer to the top of the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer, and the inner soil component and the outer soil component of the bamboo basket in the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer are improved soil.
In the water and soil conservation ecological system in the estuary area, the improved soil is prepared from sea sand: beach clay = 3:7, beach clay formulation: sea sand: organic fertilizer: delicatessen=1:2:7, and the height of the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer is half of the height of the backfill foundation improvement layer.
In the water and soil conservation ecological system in the estuary area, the laying range of the hemp and coconut ecological impact blanket layer extends from the mangrove planting area to the undisturbed river bed through the ecological offshore island.
In the water and soil conservation ecological system in the sea entrance area, the bamboo basket shape in the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer is an inverted trapezoid column, the bamboo baskets are placed in close proximity to each other, and waterproof geotextiles are paved inside the bamboo basket to form waterproof geotextiles for water and soil conservation.
In the water and soil conservation ecological system in the sea entrance area, the pine isolation piles in the pine pile isolation belt are made of pine, the exposed riverbed part of the pine isolation piles is half of the depth of the embedded riverbed part, and the height of the pine isolation piles exceeds the average high tide level of the sea entrance.
In the water and soil conservation ecological system in the sea entrance area, the average elevation of the earthwork of the ecological offshore island is higher than the average tide level elevation of the sea entrance, the ecological offshore island is planted above the planting elevation of the pioneer tree species of the mangrove forest, and the tree species of the pioneer tree species of the mangrove forest is planted in the principle of suitable living in the country and suitable for the ground.
The invention also relates to a water and soil conservation ecological system and a construction method thereof when the landscape topography of the sea entrance area is constructed, and the construction method comprises the following construction steps:
step 1, building stone blocks on the outer side of a sea wetland side slope, and forming a submerged barrier stone revetment 2 after the building is completed to form a 1 st wave eliminating barrier;
step 2, the bottom of the river channel structure is an undisturbed river bed, the bottom of the side slope is an undisturbed soil layer, a backfill foundation improvement layer is arranged on the upper portion of the undisturbed soil layer, the components of the backfill foundation improvement layer are improved soil, the prepared improved soil is conveyed to the upper portion of the undisturbed soil layer in a mechanical mode to form a backfill foundation improvement layer, the backfill foundation improvement is completed, and the proportion of the improved soil in the backfill foundation improvement layer adopts sea sand: beach clay = 3:7, wherein the beach clay comprises the following components: sea sand: organic fertilizer: deli = 1:2:7;
step 4, after the step 3 is completed, forming a pine isolation belt by pine isolation piles which are arranged in a mechanical and manual combination mode, wherein the pine isolation belt is positioned at the edge of the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer, and implementing the pine isolation piles to form a 2 nd wave-eliminating barrier;
step 5, after the step 4 is completed, finishing landscape topography by utilizing a mode of combining machinery and manpower, wherein the slope ratio of all slopes of the topography is less than or equal to 1:3, forming an ecological offshore island and an inner flow bay after finishing the topography finishing, wherein a backfill foundation improvement layer arranged on the ecological offshore island and a hemp-coconut ecological impact blanket on a bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer are laid to form a hemp-coconut ecological impact blanket layer, U-shaped grooves are dug on the ecological offshore island, the hemp-coconut ecological impact blanket is fixed by embedding coconut shell logs into the U-shaped grooves after finishing the laying of the hemp-coconut ecological blanket layer, the laying range of the hemp-coconut ecological impact blanket layer extends from an original river bed to a mangrove planting area, hole digging is carried out on the anti-impact blanket of the hemp-coconut ecological impact blanket layer on the ecological offshore island, and a 3 rd channel wave elimination barrier is formed on the ecological offshore island after finishing mangrove planting;
and 7, after the step 6 is completed, hole digging planting is carried out on the scour blanket of the hemp-coconut ecological scour blanket layer at the side slope of the river channel, and mangrove planting area planting is completed, so that a complete water and soil conservation ecological system is formed.
As a further optimization improvement, when the hemp-coconut ecological impact blanket layer is laid in the step 5, the anti-seepage blanket positioned on the upstream should be pressed on the anti-seepage blanket positioned on the downstream.
As a further optimization improvement, in the step 5, after laying the scour protection blanket of the hemp-coconut ecological anti-scouring blanket layer, wood piling nails are needed to be fixed.
As a further optimization improvement, the steps 5 and 7 further comprise: after the mangrove plant is planted, triangular support is carried out by using a wood stick.
Based on the technical scheme, the water and soil conservation ecological system and the construction method thereof for constructing the landscape topography of the sea area have the following technical advantages compared with the prior art:
1. according to the water and soil conservation ecological system and the construction method for constructing the landscape topography of the estuary area, the 5-channel wave elimination barrier is formed by combining the riprap revetment, the ecological offshore island, the pine pile isolation belt, the improved backfill soil and the planting soil and the hemp coconut ecological impact blanket, so that the stability of the estuary topography is ensured and the water and soil loss is prevented on the premise of meeting the ecological degradation requirement.
2. According to the water and soil conservation ecological system and the construction method for constructing the landscape topography of the sea entrance area, an open system is formed by combining the water and impact prevention soil improvement structure and the wave elimination protection structure, conditions are provided for substance, energy and information exchange of the sea entrance river, the intertidal zone and the land ecological system, balance of static and dynamic systems is guaranteed, complex biological chains exist in various systems, and the biological chains are balanced, so that the whole system has the capability of organizing and self-regulating. In addition, through the setting of ecological offshore island, mangrove planting area, reached whole pleasing to the eye effect, provided better view experience for citizen's trip.
3. The invention completely creates a set of water and soil conservation measure subsystem and a wave dissipation measure subsystem in the estuary area, so as to form a water and soil conservation ecological system when the landscape topography of the estuary area is built. The system utilizes ecologically degradable materials (pine piles, bamboo baskets, coconut logs, hemp and coconut ecological impact blanket, wooden piles and the like) which have certain strength and do not influence plant growth as soil containers, construction riveting measures and the like to reduce water and soil loss and stabilize planting environments, combines the topography main body with matched materials, plant materials and the like to realize the construction of the system, and achieves the aim of building a landscape ecological system under severe conditions in a sea entrance area.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a topography structure when a new earth is introduced into a water and soil conservation ecological system at a sea entrance to build a topography according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a water-containing anti-impact soil improvement structure in a water-soil conservation ecological system at a sea entrance according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a bamboo basket in the water and soil conservation ecological system at a sea entrance according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a U-shaped trough and coconut shell log fixed hemp coconut ecological impact blanket layer in a water and soil conservation ecological system at an entrance of a sea according to an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure, 1, an undisturbed riverbed 2, a submerged barrier Dan Boan 3, a pine pile isolation belt 4, an ecological offshore island 5, a riprap revetment 6, a mangrove planting area 7, a backfill foundation improvement layer 8, a hemp coconut ecological impact blanket layer 9, a bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer 10, waterproof geotechnical cloth 11, wooden piles and nails 12, an undisturbed soil layer 13, a mangrove 14, a U-shaped groove 15 and coconut shell log
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a topography structure of a newly-introduced earthwork building topography in an ecological system for water and soil conservation at a sea entrance according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the water and soil conservation ecological system for the sea entrance comprises the following components: the novel earth is a terrain structure when the novel earth is built, a water-containing anti-impact soil improvement structure and a wave-eliminating protection structure.
In the water and soil conservation ecological system of the sea entrance, an undisturbed river bed 1, a submerged barrier stone revetment 2, a pine pile isolation belt 3, an ecological offshore island 4 which is higher than a normal water level, an inner flow bay stone throwing revetment 5 and a pioneer tree species mangrove forest planting area 6 are sequentially arranged along the river entrance to the land. For the terrain structure when the new earthwork builds the terrain, an undisturbed soil layer 12, a backfill foundation improvement layer 7, a bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer 9 and a hemp and coconut ecological impact blanket layer 8 are sequentially arranged from bottom to top along the height direction of the slope surface. The backfilled foundation improvement layer 7 and the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer 9 are used as the water-containing anti-impact soil improvement structure, and a waterproof geotechnical cloth layer 10 and a hemp and coconut ecological anti-impact blanket layer 8 are arranged in the bamboo basket of the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer 9.
The backfill foundation improvement layer 7 is laid in a range extending from the mangrove planting area 6 through the ecological offshore island 4 into the undisturbed riverbed 1.
The pine pile isolation belt 3, the ecological offshore island 4 and the riprap revetment 5 are used as the wave-eliminating protective structure. Wherein, a mangrove planting area 6 is arranged on the ecological offshore island 4, and mangrove seeds serving as wave-eliminating pioneers are planted in the area.
As further improvement and optimization, the backfill foundation improvement layer 7 extends from an undisturbed soil layer 12 of the side slope to the top of the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer 9, the soil components inside and outside the bamboo basket of the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer 9 are improvement soil, and the mixture ratio of the improvement soil is sea sand: beach clay = 3:7, beach clay formulation: sea sand: organic fertilizer: delicatessen=1:2:7, the height of the bamboo basket soil-retaining ecological planting layer 9 is half of the height of the backfill foundation improvement layer 7.
As a further improvement and optimization, the extent to which the hemp-coconut ecological impact blanket layer 8 is laid extends from the mangrove planting area 6 through the ecological offshore island 4 into the undisturbed riverbed 1.
As a further improvement and optimization, the bamboo basket used in the ecological planting layer 9 is in an inverted trapezoid column shape, a plurality of bamboo baskets should be closely adjacent to each other when placed, and waterproof geotechnical cloth 10 should be laid in the bamboo basket to support water and soil.
As further improvement and optimization, the isolation piles are used for eliminating waves in the wave eliminating protective structure, and the pine is more corrosion-resistant than fir. A plurality of pine isolation piles are combined into a row to form the pine isolation belt 3. Wherein, the height of the exposed riverbed part of the pine isolation piles in the pine isolation belt 3 is half of the depth of the embedded riverbed part, and the height of the pine isolation piles exceeds the average high tide level of the sea entrance.
As a further improvement optimization, the average elevation of the earthwork of the ecological offshore island 4 should be higher than the average tide level elevation at the entrance. The ecological offshore island 4 should be above the planting elevation meeting the requirements of the mangrove pioneer tree species, and the mangrove pioneer tree species suitable for growth of planting soil is selected. Meanwhile, after the mangrove pioneer tree species are planted, ecological fixing planted mangrove trees in a stake fixing mode are adopted.
The invention also relates to a water and soil conservation ecological system and a construction method thereof when the landscape topography of the sea entrance area is constructed, and the construction method comprises the following construction steps:
step S1: and building stone blocks on the outer side of the side slope of the sea wetland, and forming a submerged barrier stone revetment 2 after the building is completed to form a 1 st wave eliminating barrier. The thickness of the submerged barrier stone revetment 2 is generally more than 1m, when the block stone is built, local stone blocks with the size of 50cm by 50cm can be selected as required to be mainly used, and when the block stone is built, the size of the block stone should be combined to form a compact revetment shape.
Step S2: the bottom of the river channel structure is an undisturbed river bed 1, the bottom of the side slope is an undisturbed soil layer 12, a backfill foundation improvement layer 7 is arranged on the upper portion of the undisturbed soil layer 12, and the thickness of the backfill foundation improvement layer 7 is generally 1m. The proportion of the improved soil in the backfill foundation improved layer 7 adopts sea sand: beach clay = 3:7, wherein the beach clay comprises the following components: sea sand: organic fertilizer: deli = 1:2:7. Wherein, the fine sand in the sea sand comprises the following steps: coarse sand=1:2:1, fine sand fineness modulus is 2.2-1.6, particle size more than 0.075mm exceeds total weight 85%, average particle size is sand stone of 0.25-0.125 mm, medium sand fineness modulus is 3.0-2.3, particle mass more than 0.25mm exceeds total weight 50%, average particle size is sand stone of 0.5-0.25mm, coarse sand fineness modulus is 3.7-3.1, particle content more than 0.5mm exceeds total weight 50%, average particle size is sand stone of 1-0.5 mm. The organic fertilizer can be prepared from 100 kg of cow dung, 60 kg of chicken dung, 20 kg of fungus dreg and 10 g of fungus agent. The preparation method comprises the steps of carrying out strip stacking according to the raw material proportion and the requirement, wherein the length of the strip stacking is not limited, the width of the strip stacking is 2 meters, and the height is 1 meter. When the strip is piled, the materials are required to be piled up layer by layer, the volume of the microbial inoculum is enlarged by microbial residues according to the proportion of 1:5, and the microbial inoculum is scattered on the surface of the strip according to the quantity of the strip piles after being evenly mixed. Stirring the strip pile uniformly by using a water truck, turning the pile once by using a dump truck every 4-5 days after the temperature is increased to above 60 ℃, and packing the strip pile after fermenting for 15 days at the temperature of above 60 ℃. After the organic fertilizer is produced according to the steps, the organic fertilizer is stacked for fermentation for a second time, the temperature is reduced to about 40 ℃ after stacking for 15-20 days, and the microbial inoculum with the functions of phosphate dissolving, potassium dissolving, nitrogen fixing and soil pest control is added into the fermented organic fertilizer uniformly according to the proportion of 1:500. And (3) uniformly adding the functional microbial inoculum and the fermented organic fertilizer into the organic fertilizer according to a proportion, stacking and fermenting for 7 days to produce the organic fertilizer meeting the standard. Beach clay is the original bottom clay when the estuary ramp is excavated. The mature soil is soil which is purchased newly and is not on the surface of the earth for one meter or less, does not see sunlight for the whole year, and does not grow plants on the surface of the soil, and is prepared by piling, sun-drying and removing impurities such as broken stone. The improved soil is also adopted as backfill in the bamboo basket, and the thickness is 0.5-0.6m.
Step S3: after the settlement of the backfill foundation improvement layer 7 is stable, closely paving the diabolo basket to form a bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer 9, wherein the specification of the selected bamboo basket can be as follows: 500cm x 340cm x 400cm, and reinforced with 2-3cm wide bamboo strips in the shape of a Chinese character 'jing', or adopting market finished bamboo basket. The waterproof geotextile 10 is placed in the bamboo basket, the geotextile can be needled by using white polyester staple fibers, the specification can be 200 g/square meter, 4m is 100 m/volume, backfilling soil in the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer 9 is completed by using a long-arm excavator, and as shown in fig. 3, a good water and soil conservation substrate is formed by using the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer 9.
And S4, after the step S3 is completed, performing construction operation through mechanical equipment, and according to the size of a field, if the size of the field is less than 10000 square meters, the arrangement implementation of loose wood isolation piles in the loose wood isolation belt 3 can be performed in a mode of combining beating and manual work by using a 20-60 crawler-type excavator, wherein the loose wood isolation belt 3 is arranged around the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer 9, as shown in FIG. 2, the upper parts of the loose wood isolation piles arranged in a row are generally required to be 50cm higher than a normal water level, the lower parts of the loose wood isolation piles are deeper than 90cm in a stratum, and the loose wood isolation piles can be implemented by using round piles with skin, wherein the thickness of about 10cm, so that the 2 nd wave-eliminating barrier is completed.
And S5, after the step S4 is completed, finishing the landscape topography by using a mode of combining machinery and manpower, wherein the slope ratio of all slopes of the topography is less than or equal to 1:3, and after the topography finishing is completed, forming the ecological offshore island 4. The average Gao Chengxu Gao Yuchang water level elevation of the ecological offshore island 4 is required to be excavated to a depth below the average low tide level under the premise of meeting the slope ratio of 1:3, and a natural inner flow bay is formed through flushing of tide water. The residual stones, garbage and the like in the planting soil need to be cleaned out during the terrain arrangement. The U-shaped grooves 14 are excavated every 1m along the same contour of the landscape slope surface of the terrain before artificial laying of the hemp-coconut ecological antishock blanket. The hemp and coconut ecological anti-impact blanket layer 8 is formed by paving the hemp and coconut ecological anti-impact blanket on the backfill foundation improvement layer 7 and the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer 9, and after the hemp and coconut ecological anti-impact blanket layer 8 is paved, the hemp and coconut ecological anti-impact blanket is fixed by embedding the coconut shell log 15 into the U-shaped groove 14, and a better water and soil conservation surface layer is formed after the hemp and coconut ecological anti-impact blanket layer 8 fully absorbs water, as shown in fig. 4. It should be noted that the laying range of the hemp-coconut ecological impact blanket layer 8 extends from the undisturbed river bed 1 to the mangrove planting area 6, and the combination of the U-shaped groove 14 and the coconut shell log 15 is laid along the horizontal direction. In the hemp and coconut ecological impact blanket layer 8, the hemp and coconut ecological impact blanket can be selected to have the specification of 2m x 2m, and the hemp and coconut ecological impact blanket finished product with the thickness of 3-5cm is paved, and the overlapping boundary is required to be overlapped by 10-15cm during paving. The size of the U-shaped groove 14 can be slightly larger than 20cm x 20cm when the U-shaped groove 14 is excavated, the optional specification of the coconut shell log 15 is 20cm in diameter and 3m in length, and after the coconut shell log 15 is embedded into the U-shaped groove 14 of the hemp coconut ecological impact blanket layer 8 after laying, the stability of the whole hemp coconut ecological impact blanket layer 8 can be improved through fixation. Digging holes on the scour blanket of the hemp-coconut ecological impact blanket layer 8 on the ecological offshore island 4, and planting mangrove in the bamboo basket of the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer 9, wherein the mangrove is generally planted with the height of 50 cm. The aperture size can be 20cm x 20cm during planting, the aperture size can be correspondingly adjusted according to the size of the nursery stock, and the variety can be selected from pioneer tree species such as tung flower tree, kandelia candel and the like. It should be noted that, when planting red trees, the roots of the red trees must be deeply planted in the planting soil in the bamboo basket, and the ecological offshore island 4 after planting the red trees forms the 3 rd wave-eliminating barrier.
S6, after the step S5 is completed, placing the riprap revetment 5 by mechanical artistic, wherein the riprap in the riprap revetment 5 can be selected as a local stone, and the specification of the riprap is 0.2m 3 -0.4m 3 Medium-sized 0.5-0.8m 3 Large 0.9-1.2m 3 The stone blocks with different body sizes are selected for natural combination, the lower parts of the stone blocks are buried into the terrain for 1/4-1/3 of the size of the stone blocks, the size is adjusted according to the field size, and the 4 th wave eliminating barrier is formed by the inner flow bay and the riprap revetment 5.
And S7, after the step S6 is completed, carrying out hole digging planting on the hemp and coconut ecological impact blanket on the river side slope, wherein the aperture size of the mangrove planted with the height of 50cm can be 20cm x 20cm, the aperture size can be correspondingly adjusted according to the size of the nursery stock, and the combination of pioneer mangrove, general true mangrove, half mangrove and companion mangrove which are suitable for the soil is selected as mangrove forest 13 or the variety selection which follows the design of the construction drawing. Fresh water is used for watering and curing during the curing period, and the time is two low-tide water level times in the morning and afternoon each day.
In the step 2, when the seepage-proofing blanket of the hemp-coconut ecological impact blanket layer 8 is paved, the seepage-proofing blanket positioned at the upstream should be pressed on the seepage-proofing blanket positioned at the downstream.
In the step 2, after the seepage-proofing blanket of the hemp-coconut ecological impact blanket layer 8 is laid, wood piles 11 are driven to fix, the wood piles 11 can be made of leather logs with the diameter of 3-5cm, and the lower parts of the wood piles 11 are sharpened and extend into the base layer by more than 50cm, as shown in fig. 2.
The step 5 further includes: after the mangrove plant is planted, triangular support is carried out by a wood stick, 2-4cm logs can be selected as the wood stick, the upper part of the wood stick is used for fixing the planted mangrove plant by using an environment-friendly degradable binding belt or a straw rope, and the size and the height of the logs are correspondingly adjusted according to the size of the nursery stock plant.
It should be noted that, the relevant parts in the construction method embodiment and the system embodiment may be referred to each other, and will not be described herein.
In summary, according to the water and soil conservation ecological system and the construction method thereof for constructing the landscape topography of the estuary area, the riprap revetment 5, the ecological offshore island 4, the pine pile isolation belt 3, the improved foundation backfill 7, the improved soil and the coconut shell log 15 are combined with the hemp coconut ecological impact blanket layer 8, so that the stability of the estuary topography is ensured and the water and soil loss is prevented on the premise of meeting the ecological degradation requirement.
The invention also combines the water-containing anti-impact soil improvement structure and the wave-dissipating protection structure to form an open system, and provides conditions for exchanging substances, energy and information for the river channel at the sea entrance, the intertidal zone and the land ecological system, thereby ensuring the balance of static and dynamic systems, leading a plurality of systems to have complex biological chain balance, and leading the whole system to have the capability of organizing and self-regulating due to the balance among biological chains.
In addition, the ecological offshore island 4 and the pioneer tree species mangrove forest planting area 6 are provided with the mangrove forest 13, so that the overall attractive effect is achieved, and better landscape experience is provided for traveling and playing of citizens.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (11)
1. The water and soil conservation ecological system in the sea entrance area is characterized in that a topography structure when new earthwork is introduced into the water and soil conservation ecological system is arranged, an original riverbed, a submerged barrier stone revetment, a pine pile isolation belt, an ecological offshore island, a throwing stone revetment and a mangrove forest planting area are sequentially arranged along the river entrance to the land, and the topography structure when the new earthwork is introduced into the water and soil conservation ecological system comprises an original soil layer, a backfill foundation improvement layer, a bamboo basket soil fixation ecological planting layer and a hemp coconut ecological impact blanket layer which are sequentially arranged from the bottom to the top along the height direction of a slope surface;
the backfill foundation improvement layer and the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer are used as the water-containing anti-impact soil improvement structure, a waterproof geotechnical cloth layer and a hemp-coconut ecological anti-impact blanket layer are arranged in the bamboo basket of the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer, and the backfill foundation improvement layer extends from the mangrove forest planting area to the undisturbed riverbed through an offshore island;
the pine pile isolation belt, the ecological offshore island and the riprap revetment are used as the wave-eliminating protection structure, and a mangrove planting area is arranged on the ecological offshore island so as to plant wave-eliminating pioneer red tree species.
2. The water and soil conservation ecological system in the sea-entrance area according to claim 1, wherein the backfill foundation improvement layer extends upwards from the side slope undisturbed soil layer to the top of the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer, and the inner and outer soil components of the bamboo basket in the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer are improvement soil.
3. The water and soil conservation ecological system of a sea area according to claim 2, wherein the improved soil ratio is sea sand: beach clay = 3:7, beach clay formulation: sea sand: organic fertilizer: delicatessen=1:2:7, and the height of the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer is half of the height of the backfill foundation improvement layer.
4. A soil and water conservation ecosystem in a estuary area according to claim 1 wherein the lay range of the baster ecological impact blanket layer extends from the mangrove forest planting area through an ecological offshore island into the undisturbed riverbed.
5. The ecological water and soil conservation system in the sea area according to claim 1, wherein the bamboo basket in the ecological planting layer is in the shape of an inverted trapezoid, the bamboo basket is placed in close proximity to each other, and waterproof geotextiles are paved inside the bamboo basket to form waterproof geotextiles for water and soil conservation.
6. The soil and water conservation ecological system in a sea area according to claim 1, wherein the pine pile isolation belt is made of pine, the exposed riverbed part of the pine pile isolation belt is half of the depth of the embedded riverbed part, and the height of the pine pile isolation belt exceeds the average high tide level of the sea.
7. The water and soil conservation ecosystem of a estuary area of claim 1 wherein the average elevation of the earthwork of the ecological offshore island is higher than the average elevation of the estuary tide level.
8. The construction method of the water and soil conservation ecological system during construction of landscape topography in a sea entrance area is characterized by comprising the following construction steps:
step 1, building stone blocks on the outer side of a sea wetland side slope, and forming a submerged stone-building refute (2) after building to form a 1 st wave-eliminating barrier;
step 2, the bottom of the river channel structure is an undisturbed river bed, the bottom of the side slope is an undisturbed soil layer, a backfill foundation improvement layer is arranged on the upper portion of the undisturbed soil layer, the components of the backfill foundation improvement layer are improved soil, the prepared improved soil is conveyed to the upper portion of the undisturbed soil layer in a mechanical mode to form a backfill foundation improvement layer, the backfill foundation improvement is completed, and the proportion of the improved soil in the backfill foundation improvement layer adopts sea sand: beach clay = 3:7, wherein the beach clay comprises the following components: sea sand: organic fertilizer: deli = 1:2:7;
step 3, after settlement of the backfilled foundation improvement layer is stabilized, closely paving a diabolo basket on the backfilled foundation improvement layer to form a bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer, placing waterproof geotechnical cloth in the bamboo basket, and finishing backfilling soil in the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer by using a long-arm excavator, wherein the backfilling soil also adopts the improvement soil in the step 2, and the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer is used as a water and soil conservation substrate;
step 4, after the step 3 is completed, forming a pine isolation belt by pine isolation piles which are arranged in a mechanical and manual combination mode, wherein the pine isolation belt is positioned at the edge of the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer, and implementing the pine isolation piles to form a 2 nd wave-eliminating barrier;
step 5, after the step 4 is completed, finishing landscape topography by utilizing a mode of combining machinery and manpower, wherein the slope ratio of all slopes of the topography is less than or equal to 1:3, forming an ecological offshore island and an inner flow bay after finishing the topography finishing, wherein a backfill foundation improvement layer arranged on the ecological offshore island and a hemp-coconut ecological impact blanket layer on a bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer are laid to form a hemp-coconut ecological impact blanket layer, U-shaped grooves are dug on the ecological offshore island, the hemp-coconut ecological impact blanket is fixed by embedding a coconut shell log into the U-shaped grooves after finishing the laying of the hemp-coconut ecological impact blanket layer, the laying range of the hemp-coconut ecological impact blanket layer extends from an original river bed to a mangrove planting area all the time, and hole digging is carried out on the anti-impact blanket of the hemp-coconut ecological impact blanket layer on the ecological offshore island, so that a 3 rd channel wave elimination barrier is formed after finishing mangrove planting;
step 6, after the step 5 is completed, placing the riprap revetment by mechanical artistic, selecting local stone types for riprap in the riprap revetment, selecting natural combinations of stones with different mass quantities and middle and small values, burying the lower parts of the stones into the terrain for 1/4-1/3, and forming a 4 th wave eliminating barrier by the inner flow bay and the riprap revetment;
and 7, after the step 6 is completed, hole digging planting is carried out on the scour blanket of the hemp-coconut ecological scour blanket layer at the side slope of the river channel, and mangrove planting area planting is completed, so that a complete water and soil conservation ecological system is formed.
9. The method for constructing a water and soil conservation ecological system in construction of landscape topography at a sea entrance area according to claim 8, wherein in the modified soil formulation of the step 2, fine sand in the sea sand is medium sand: coarse sand=1:2:1, fine sand fineness modulus is 2.2-1.6, particle with particle diameter larger than 0.075mm exceeds total weight 85%, average particle diameter is sand with particle diameter of 0.25mm-0.125mm, medium sand fineness modulus is 3.0-2.3, particle mass with particle diameter larger than 0.25mm exceeds total weight 50%, average particle diameter is sand with particle diameter of 0.5-0.25mm, coarse sand fineness modulus is 3.7-3.1, particle content with particle diameter larger than 0.5mm exceeds total weight 50%, average particle diameter is sand with particle diameter of 1mm-0.5 mm; the organic fertilizer can be prepared from 100 kg of cow dung, 60 kg of chicken dung, 20 kg of fungus dreg and 10 g of fungus agent.
10. The construction method of the water and soil conservation ecological system for constructing the landscape topography of the sea entrance area according to claim 8, wherein in the step 2, after the seepage-proofing blanket of the hemp-coconut ecological impact blanket layer (8) is paved, wood piles (11) are required to be driven for fixing, the wood piles (11) are made of leather logs with the diameter of 3-5cm, and the lower parts of the wood piles are sharpened and extend into the base layer by more than 50 cm.
11. The method for constructing a water and soil conservation ecological system for constructing a landscape topography of a sea area according to claim 8, wherein the steps 5 and 7 further comprise: after the mangrove plant is planted, the mangrove plant is supported by a wood stick in a triangular manner.
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