CN114215003A - Construction method of water and soil conservation ecological system during construction of landscape terrain in estuary region - Google Patents
Construction method of water and soil conservation ecological system during construction of landscape terrain in estuary region Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water and soil conservation ecological system used in landscape terrain construction in a sea entrance area, which comprises a terrain structure used in landscape terrain construction in a new earth-entering area, a water-containing anti-scouring soil improvement structure and a wave-eliminating protection structure, wherein the water-containing anti-scouring soil improvement structure and the wave-eliminating protection structure are combined to form an open system by combining a riprap revetment, an ecological offshore island, a pine pile isolation belt, improved foundation backfill soil, planting soil and a hemp coconut ecological anti-scouring blanket; also relates to a construction method of the water and soil conservation ecological system. The system and the method provide conditions for material, energy and information exchange of an estuary river channel, an intertidal zone and a land ecosystem, ensure static and dynamic system balance, enable the whole system to have organization and self-regulation capacity, achieve the overall beautiful effect through the arrangement of the ecological offshore island and the mangrove planting area, and provide better landscape experience for citizens going out.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of municipal engineering construction, in particular to a water and soil conservation ecological system and a construction method thereof during landscape terrain construction in a sea entrance area.
Background
When the landscape terrain of the sea entrance is built, because the tidal fluctuation of the sea entrance is large and the water flow speed is high, the newly built terrain side slope is difficult to bear the scouring of the rapid water flow all the year round, so that the water and soil loss is serious, and the soil thickness and the stable ecological environment required by the growth of mangrove forest plants are difficult to meet. In order to solve the problem, concrete precast blocks or masonry retaining walls are usually used for soil fixation, but the problems that slope rock soil is easy to weather and peel off and the manufacturing cost is quite high are caused. In the actual use process, the pollution of seaweeds or shellfishes caused by high-temperature exposure, collapse and tide is difficult to bear, the seaweeds or the shellfishes are difficult to clean, and the landscape image is influenced. Moreover, slope protection by adopting concrete precast blocks or masonry stones and the like causes the unbalance of the animal and plant ecosystem and the loss of self-regulation function in the estuary region, and also causes negative effects on the protection of the ecological environment and the development, utilization and development of resources.
The other protection form is that the fir piles are combined with the hemp coconuts to form an ecological anti-impact blanket, although the ecological blanket meets the requirement of ecological functions, the life cycle is short under the environment of strong solarization, strong corrosion and strong scouring in the sea entrance area, the actual soil fixing effect is poor, the replacement and maintenance can destroy the growth environment of the newly planted mangrove plants, and the survival rate of the plants is reduced. Therefore, the prior art can not meet the requirement of providing stable water and soil conditions in the estuary region to ensure the construction of high-quality mangrove plant landscape, and in addition, the prior art ecology has high manufacturing cost or high maintenance cost. The invention aims to solve the problem of conservation of water and soil at the sea entrance with low cost, low maintenance and high ecology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a water and soil conservation ecological system and a construction method thereof when landscape terrain is built in a sea entrance area. The ecological system and the construction method of the invention combine the main body of the terrain with the supporting materials and plant materials, etc. to realize the construction of the system, thus achieving the goal of building the landscape ecological system under the severe conditions of the sea entrance area.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme provided by the invention patent is as follows:
the invention provides a soil and water conservation ecological system for building landscape terrains in a sea entrance area, wherein a terrains structure for building terrains by using new earthworks, a water conservation and scour prevention soil improvement structure and a wave dissipation protection structure are arranged in the soil and water conservation ecological system, and sequentially comprise an original riverbed, a submerged stone revetment, a pine pile isolation belt, an ecological offshore island, a stone throwing revetment and a mangrove forest planting region along a river mouth to land direction, and the terrains structure for building terrains by using new earthworks comprises an original soil layer, a backfill foundation improvement layer, a bamboo basket soil fixation ecological planting layer and a hemp coconut ecological scour prevention blanket layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top along the height direction of a slope surface of a side slope;
the backfill foundation improvement layer and the bamboo basket soil-fixation ecological planting layer are used as the water-retaining and anti-scouring soil improvement structure, a waterproof geotextile layer and a hemp coconut ecological anti-scouring blanket layer are arranged in the bamboo basket of the bamboo basket soil-fixation ecological planting layer, and the backfill foundation improvement layer extends from the mangrove forest planting area to the undisturbed riverbed through an offshore island;
the pine pile isolation belt, the ecological offshore island and the riprap revetment are used as the wave-breaking protection structure, and the ecological offshore island is provided with a mangrove planting area for planting wave-breaking pioneer mangrove seeds.
In the water and soil conservation ecological system of the estuary region, the backfill foundation improvement layer extends upwards from the original soil layer of the side slope to the top of the bamboo basket soil fixation ecological planting layer, and the soil components inside and outside the bamboo basket in the bamboo basket soil fixation ecological planting layer are improved soil.
In the water and soil conservation ecological system of the sea entrance area, the improved soil is prepared from the following sea sand: the sand beach clay is 3:7, and the proportion of the sand beach clay is as follows: sea sand: organic fertilizer: the mature soil is 1:2:7, and the height of the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer is half of the height of the backfill foundation improvement layer.
In the water and soil conservation ecological system of the estuary region, the laying range of the hemp coconut ecological anti-impact blanket layer extends from the mangrove forest planting region to the undisturbed riverbed through an ecological offshore island.
In the water and soil conservation ecological system of the sea entrance area, the bamboo baskets in the soil-fixing ecological planting layer are inverted trapezoidal columns, the bamboo baskets are adjacent to each other when placed, and waterproof geotextile layers are laid inside the bamboo baskets to form the waterproof geotextile layers so as to conserve water and soil.
In the water and soil conservation ecological system in the sea entrance area, the pine isolation piles in the pine pile isolation belt are made of pine, the part of the pine isolation piles exposed out of the river bed is half of the depth of the part of the pine isolation piles embedded into the river bed, and the height of the pine isolation piles exceeds the average high tide level elevation of the sea entrance.
In the water and soil conservation ecological system in the sea entrance area, the earthwork average elevation of the ecological offshore island is higher than the sea entrance average tidal level elevation, the ecological offshore island is planted above the planting elevation of the mangrove forest pioneer tree species, and the mangrove forest pioneer tree species meet the principle of soil-adapting and land-adapting.
The invention also relates to a water and soil conservation ecological system and a construction method thereof when building the landscape terrain in the sea entrance area, wherein the construction method comprises the following construction steps:
step 1, building stones on the outer side of the side slope of the sea wetland, and forming a sinking stone revetment 2 after the building is finished to form a 1 st wave dissipation barrier;
step 2, the bottom of the river channel structure is an original river bed, the bottom of the side slope is an original soil layer, a backfill foundation improvement layer is arranged on the upper portion of the original soil layer, the backfill foundation improvement layer is made of improved soil, the prepared improved soil is conveyed to the upper portion of the original soil layer in a mechanical mode to form the backfill foundation improvement layer, backfill foundation improvement is completed, and the improved soil in the backfill foundation improvement layer is prepared from sea sand: the sand beach clay is 3:7, wherein the component proportion of the sand beach clay is as follows: sea sand: organic fertilizer: 1:2:7 of mellow soil;
step 4, after the step 3 is finished, pine isolation piles arranged in rows in a mechanical and manual combination mode form a pine isolation belt, the pine isolation belt is positioned at the edge of the soil-fixing ecological planting layer of the bamboo basket, and the pine isolation piles are implemented to form a 2 nd wave-dissipating barrier;
step 5, after step S4 is finished, finishing landscape terrain by using a mechanical and manual combination mode, wherein the slope ratio of all side slopes of the terrain is less than or equal to 1:3, forming an ecological offshore island and an inner inflow bay after finishing terrain finishing, the ecological offshore island is provided with a backfill foundation improvement layer and a hemp ecological anti-impact blanket on a bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer, and the hemp ecological anti-impact blanket layer is formed after paving the hemp ecological anti-impact blanket, digging U-shaped grooves on the ecological offshore island, embedding round coconut shell wood into the U-shaped grooves to fix the ecological hemp coconut impact resistant blanket after the laying of the ecological hemp coconut impact resistant blanket layer is finished, the laying range of the hemp coconut ecological impact resistant blanket layer extends from an undisturbed riverbed to a mangrove forest planting area, digging holes on an erosion-resistant blanket of a hemp coconut ecological erosion-resistant blanket layer on the ecological offshore island to plant mangrove seeds, and forming a 3 rd channel wave-dissipating barrier on the ecological offshore island after mangrove forest planting is completed;
and 7, after the step 6 is finished, digging holes on an erosion blanket of the hemp coconut ecological erosion blanket layer at the side slope of the river channel for planting, finishing planting in mangrove forest planting areas, and forming a complete water and soil conservation ecological system.
As a further optimization improvement, when the hemp ecological impact resistant blanket layer is laid in the step 5, the barrier blanket located at the upstream should be pressed on the barrier blanket located at the downstream.
As a further optimization improvement, in the step 5, after the anti-scouring blanket of the hemp coconut ecological anti-scouring blanket layer is laid, wooden pegs are required to be nailed and fixed.
As a further optimization improvement, the steps 5 and 7 further include: after the mangrove plants are planted, the mangrove plants are supported by a wooden stick in a triangular mode.
Based on the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the water and soil conservation ecological system and the construction method thereof in the landscape terrain construction in the estuary region have the following technical advantages:
1. according to the water and soil conservation ecological system and the construction method for building the landscape terrain in the sea entrance area, the stone throwing revetment, the ecological offshore island, the pine pile isolation belt, the improved backfill soil, the planting soil and the hemp coconut ecological anti-impact blanket are combined to form 5 wave dissipation barriers, so that the stability of the landscape terrain at the sea entrance is ensured and the water and soil loss is prevented on the premise of meeting the ecological degradable requirement.
2. According to the water and soil conservation ecological system and the construction method during landscape terrain construction in the estuary region, provided by the invention, an open system is formed by combining a water-containing anti-scouring soil improvement structure and a wave dissipation protection structure, conditions are provided for material, energy and information exchange of estuary river channels, intertidal zones and land ecological systems, static and dynamic system balance is ensured, multiple systems have complex biological chains, and the biological chains are balanced to enable the whole system to have the capacity of organization and self regulation. In addition, through the setting of ecological offshore island, mangrove planting area, reached whole pleasing to the eye effect, provided better view experience for citizen's trip.
3. The invention creates a set of estuary region water and soil conservation measure subsystem and wave dissipation measure subsystem completely, and forms a water and soil conservation ecological system when building landscape topography in the estuary region. The system utilizes ecological degradable materials (pine piles, bamboo baskets, coconut shell logs, hemp ecological anti-impact blankets, wooden stakes and the like) with certain strength and without influencing plant growth as soil containers, construction riveting measures and the like to reduce water and soil loss and stabilize the planting environment, combines the terrain main body with supporting materials, plant materials and other measures to realize the construction of the system, and achieves the aim of building the landscape ecosystem under the severe conditions of the sea entrance area.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a terrain structure when a terrain is built by new earth moving in an estuary water and soil conservation ecosystem provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a water-containing anti-scour soil improvement structure in the estuary water and soil conservation ecosystem according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a vertical view of a bamboo basket in the estuary water and soil conservation ecological system provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a U-shaped groove and a coconut shell log fixed hemp coconut ecological impact resistant blanket layer in the sea-entry water and soil conservation ecosystem according to the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure, 1, an original state riverbed 2, a submerged stone revetment 3, a pine pile isolation belt 4, an ecological offshore island 5, a riprap revetment 6, a mangrove planting area 7, a backfill foundation improvement layer 8, a hemp coconut ecological impact resistant blanket layer 9, a bamboo basket soil fixation ecological planting layer 10, waterproof geotextile 11, a wooden stud 12, an original state soil layer 13, a mangrove 14, a U-shaped groove 15, a coconut shell log round wood
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a topographic structure when a new earthwork builds a topography in an ecological system for water and soil conservation at an entrance to the sea according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the composition of the water and soil conservation ecological system at the sea entrance comprises: the new earthwork builds the landform structure, the water-containing anti-scour soil improvement structure and the wave-dissipating protection structure.
In the inventive estuary water and soil conservation ecological system, an undisturbed riverbed 1, a submerged stone revetment 2, a pine pile isolation belt 3, an ecological offshore island 4 higher than a normal water level, an internal inflow bay stone revetment 5 and a pioneer tree species mangrove forest planting area 6 are arranged along the estuary to the land direction in sequence. For the topographic structure when the new earthwork builds the terrain, an undisturbed soil layer 12, a backfill foundation improvement layer 7, a bamboo basket soil fixation ecological planting layer 9 and a hemp coconut ecological anti-impact blanket layer 8 are sequentially arranged from the bottom to the top along the height direction of the slope surface of the side slope. The backfilling foundation improvement layer 7 and the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer 9 serve as the water-containing anti-scouring soil improvement structure, and a waterproof geotextile layer 10 and a hemp coconut ecological anti-scouring blanket layer 8 are arranged in the bamboo basket of the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer 9.
The backfill foundation improvement layer 7 is paved in a range extending from the mangrove planting area 6 to the undisturbed riverbed 1 through the ecological offshore island 4.
The pine pile isolation belt 3, the ecological offshore island 4 and the riprap revetment 5 are used as the wave-dissipating protection structure. Wherein, a mangrove forest planting area 6 is arranged on the ecological offshore island 4, and the mangrove species which are wave-breaking pioneers are planted in the area.
As a further improvement and optimization, the backfill foundation improvement layer 7 extends from an original soil layer 12 of the side slope to the top of the bamboo basket soil fixation ecological planting layer 9, the soil components inside and outside the bamboo basket of the bamboo basket soil fixation ecological planting layer 9 are improved soil, and the proportion of the improved soil is sea sand: the sand beach clay is 3:7, and the proportion of the sand beach clay is as follows: sea sand: organic fertilizer: the mature soil is 1:2:7, and the height of the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer 9 is half of the height of the backfill foundation improvement layer 7.
As a further improvement optimization, the hemp ecological impact resistant blanket layer 8 is laid in a range extending from the mangrove forest planting area 6 through the ecological offshore island 4 into the undisturbed riverbed 1.
As a further improvement and optimization, the bamboo baskets used in the soil-fixing ecological planting layer 9 are inverted trapezoidal columns, a plurality of bamboo baskets should be adjacent to each other when placed, and waterproof geotextile 10 should be laid in the bamboo baskets to contain water and soil.
As further improvement and optimization, the isolation piles adopted for wave dissipation in the wave dissipation protective structure are pine, and the pine is more corrosion-resistant than fir. A plurality of pine isolation piles are combined into a row to form the pine isolation belt 3. The height of the part, exposed out of the riverbed, of the pine isolation piles in the pine isolation belt 3 is half of the depth of the part, buried in the riverbed, of the pine isolation piles, and the height of the pine isolation piles exceeds the average high tide level elevation of the sea entrance.
As a further improvement optimization, the mean earthwork elevation of the ecological offshore island 4 should be higher than the mean tidal level elevation at the sea entrance. The ecological offshore island 4 should select the mangrove forest pioneer tree species with suitable planting soil above the planting height of the mangrove forest pioneer tree species. Meanwhile, after the pioneer tree species of the mangrove forest are planted, the planted mangrove is fixed ecologically in a wood pile fixing mode.
The invention also relates to a water and soil conservation ecological system and a construction method thereof when building the landscape terrain in the sea entrance area, wherein the construction method comprises the following construction steps:
step S1: and building stones on the outer side of the side slope of the sea wetland, and forming a sinking stone revetment 2 after the building is finished to form a 1 st wave-dissipating barrier. The thickness of the submerged stone revetment 2 is generally more than 1m, local stones with the size of about 50cm by 50cm can be selected as main stones when the stones are built, and the size combination is also needed to form a compact revetment shape when the stones are built.
Step S2: the bottom of the river channel structure is an undisturbed riverbed 1, the bottom of the side slope is an undisturbed soil layer 12, a backfill foundation improvement layer 7 is arranged on the upper part of the undisturbed soil layer 12, and the thickness of the backfill foundation improvement layer 7 is generally 1 m. The improved soil proportion in the backfill foundation improved layer 7 adopts sea sand: the sand beach clay is 3:7, wherein the component proportion of the sand beach clay is as follows: sea sand: organic fertilizer: mellow soil is 1:2: 7. Wherein the fine sand in the sea sand comprises medium sand: coarse sand is 1:2:1, the fineness modulus of the fine sand is 2.2-1.6, the mass of particles with the particle diameter of more than 0.075mm is more than 85 percent of the total weight, the average particle diameter is 0.25mm-0.125mm, the fineness modulus of the medium sand is 3.0-2.3, the mass of particles with the particle diameter of more than 0.25mm is more than 50 percent of the total weight, the fineness modulus of the coarse sand is 3.7-3.1, the content of particles with the particle diameter of more than 0.5mm is more than 50 percent of the total weight, and the average particle diameter is 1mm-0.5 mm. The organic fertilizer can be prepared from cow dung and chicken manure, and the raw material ratio is 100 kg of cow dung, 60 kg of chicken manure, 20 kg of bacterial slag and 10 g of microbial inoculum. The preparation method comprises the steps of stacking the strips according to the mixture ratio of the raw materials as required, wherein the length of the strip stack is not limited, the width of the strip stack is 2 meters, and the height of the strip stack is 1 meter. When strip piles are used, materials need to be uniformly stacked layer by layer, the volume of the microbial inoculum is enlarged by using bacterial slag according to the proportion of 1:5, and the bacterial inoculum is uniformly mixed and then is scattered on the surface of the strip piles according to the quantity of the strip piles. Stirring the strip piles uniformly by using a water wheel, turning the strip piles once by using a tip lorry every 4-5 days after the temperature is raised to be higher than 60 ℃, and collecting the strip piles after fermenting for 15 days at the temperature of higher than 60 ℃. After the organic fertilizer is produced according to the steps, the organic fertilizer is subjected to secondary stacking fermentation, the temperature is reduced to about 40 ℃ after the organic fertilizer is stacked for 15-20 days, and the microbial inoculum with the functions of phosphate solubilizing, potassium solubilizing, nitrogen fixation and underground pest control is uniformly added into the fermented organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 1: 500. And uniformly adding the functional microbial inoculum and the fermented organic fertilizer into the organic fertilizer according to a proportion, stacking and fermenting for 7 days to produce the organic fertilizer meeting the standard. The beach clay is the original bottom clay when the estuary ramp is excavated. The mellow soil is prepared by newly purchasing soil which does not see sunlight all the year round and has no plant growth on the soil surface and is not more than one meter from the ground surface, and piling up and drying the soil and removing impurities such as broken stones. The improved soil is also used as backfill in bamboo baskets, and the thickness is 0.5-0.6 m.
Step S3: after the backfill foundation improvement layer 7 is settled stably, the diabolo baskets are densely paved to form a bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer 9, and the specifications of the selected bamboo baskets can be as follows: 500cm is multiplied by 340cm is multiplied by 400cm, the bottom is reinforced by a bamboo split with the width of 2-3cm in a shape like a Chinese character jing, or a market finished bamboo basket is adopted. The bamboo basket is internally provided with waterproof geotextile 10, white polyester staple fibers can be used for needling the geotextile, the specification can be 200 g/square meter and 4 m/100 m/roll, the backfill soil in the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer 9 is completed by using a long-arm excavator, and as shown in figure 3, the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer 9 is used for forming a better water and soil conservation base.
Step S4, after step S3 is completed, mechanical equipment is used for construction, if the square meter is less than 10000, a mode of pressing by a crawler excavator of 20-60 and manual combination can be selected for arrangement and implementation of pine isolation piles in the pine isolation belt 3 according to the situation of the site, the pine isolation belt 3 is arranged around the soil-fixing ecological planting layer 9 of the bamboo basket, as shown in figure 2, the upper parts of the pine isolation piles arranged in rows generally need to be higher than the normal water level by 50cm, the lower parts of the pine isolation piles penetrate into the stratum by more than 90cm, the pine isolation piles can be implemented by round piles with skins of about 10cm, and the 2 nd wave dissipation barrier is completed.
And step S5, finishing the landscape terrain in a mechanical and manual combined mode after step S4 is finished, wherein the slope ratio of all side slopes of the terrain is less than or equal to 1:3, and forming the ecological offshore island 4 after finishing the terrain. The average elevation of the ecological offshore island 4 needs to be higher than the normal water level elevation, the inner inflow bay needs to dig down to a depth below the average low sea level on the premise that the slope ratio is 1:3, and a natural inner inflow bay is formed by flushing with tide water. When the terrain is cleared up, residual stones, garbage and the like in the planting soil need to be cleared up. Before the hemp coconut ecological impact resistant blanket is laid manually, U-shaped grooves 14 are dug along the same contour line of the terrain and landscape slope surface at intervals of 1 m. Paving the hemp coconut ecological anti-impact blanket on the backfill foundation improvement layer 7 and the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer 9 to form a hemp coconut ecological anti-impact blanket layer 8, embedding the coconut ecological anti-impact blanket layer 8 into the U-shaped groove 14 to fix the hemp coconut ecological anti-impact blanket after the paving of the hemp coconut ecological anti-impact blanket layer 8 is finished, and forming a better integral water and soil conservation surface layer after the hemp coconut ecological anti-impact blanket layer 8 fully absorbs water, as shown in fig. 4. It should be noted that the laying range of the hemp ecological impact resistant blanket layer 8 extends from the undisturbed riverbed 1 to the mangrove planting area 6, and the combination of the U-shaped groove 14 and the coconut shell log 15 is laid in a horizontal full line. In the hemp coconut ecological impact resistant blanket layer 8, the hemp coconut ecological impact resistant blanket can be laid by selecting a hemp coconut ecological impact resistant blanket finished product with the specification of 2m by 2m and the thickness of 3-5cm, and the overlapped boundary needs to be overlapped by 10-15cm when the hemp coconut ecological impact resistant blanket is laid. The size of the U-shaped groove 14 can be slightly larger than 20cm x 20cm when being excavated, the diameter of the round coconut shell wood 15 can be 20cm, the length of the round coconut shell wood 15 can be 3m, and after the round coconut shell wood 15 is embedded into the U-shaped groove 14 paved with the ecological hemp coconut impact resistant blanket layer 8, the stability of the whole ecological hemp coconut impact resistant blanket layer 8 can be improved through fixation. Digging holes on the scour prevention blanket of the hemp coconut ecological scour prevention blanket layer 8 on the ecological offshore island 4 for planting, wherein mangroves are planted in bamboo baskets of the bamboo basket soil fixation ecological planting layer 9 during planting, and the mangroves with the rod height of 50cm are generally planted. The aperture size can be 20cm by 20cm when planting, the aperture size can be correspondingly adjusted according to the size of the nursery stock, and the variety can be selected from pioneer tree species such as tung flower trees, kandelia candel and the like. It should be noted that, when planting mangrove species, the roots of mangrove must be deeply planted in the planting soil in bamboo baskets, and the ecological offshore island 4 after completing mangrove forest planting forms the 3 rd wave-breaking barrier.
Step S6, after the step S5 is finished, the riprap revetment 5 is placed by mechanical artistic work, the riprap in the riprap revetment 5 can be selected from local stone seeds, and the size of the riprap in the specification is 0.2m3-0.4m3Medium size of 0.5-0.8m3Large size of 0.9-1.2m3The stone blocks with different sizes are naturally combined, the lower parts of the stone blocks are buried in the landform 1/4-1/3, the sizes of the stone blocks are adjusted according to the size of a field, and the inner inflow bay and the riprap revetment 5 form a 4 th wave-dissipating barrier.
And step S7, after the step S6 is completed, digging holes on the hemp coconut ecological anti-impact blanket on the riverway side slope, planting mangroves with the stem height of 50cm, wherein the aperture size can be 20cm by 20cm, the aperture size can be correspondingly adjusted according to the size of seedlings, and the variety is selected from the combination of pioneer mangroves, common real mangroves, semi-mangroves and companion mangroves which are suitable for the country as mangrove forest 13 or the variety selection designed according to the construction drawing. During the maintenance period, fresh water is used for irrigating and maintaining, and the time is twice low tide water level time in the morning and afternoon every day.
In the step 2, when the impermeable blanket of the hemp ecological impact resistant blanket layer 8 is laid, the upstream impermeable blanket should be pressed on the downstream impermeable blanket.
In the step 2, after laying the impermeable blanket of the hemp coconut ecological impact resistant blanket layer 8, fixing the impermeable blanket by using wooden stakes 11, wherein the wooden stakes 11 can be round wood with bark and the diameter of which is 3-5cm, and the lower part of the wooden stakes is sharpened to be deeper than 50cm of the base layer, as shown in fig. 2.
The step 5 further comprises: after the mangrove plants are planted, the mangrove plants are supported in a triangular mode by using a wood stick, the wood stick can be round wood with the length of 2-4cm, the upper portion of the wood stick is used for fixing the planted mangrove plants through an environment-friendly degradable bandage or a grass rope, and the size and the height of the round wood are adjusted correspondingly according to the size of the seedling plants.
It should be noted that, the relevant parts in the embodiment of the construction method and the embodiment of the system can be referred to each other, and are not described herein again.
In summary, the soil and water conservation ecological system for building landscape topography at the sea entrance area and the construction method thereof provided by the invention ensure the stability of the sea entrance topography and prevent soil and water loss on the premise of meeting the requirement of ecological degradation by combining the riprap revetment 5, the ecological offshore island 4, the pine pile isolation belt 3, the improved foundation backfill 7, the improved soil, the coconut shell logs 15 and the hemp ecological impact resistant blanket layer 8.
The invention also combines the water-containing anti-scour soil improvement structure and the wave-dissipating protection structure to form an open system, and provides conditions for exchanging substances, energy and information for the estuary river channel, intertidal zone and land ecosystem, thereby ensuring the balance of static and dynamic systems, ensuring the complex biological chain balance of various systems, and ensuring the whole system to have the capacity of organization and self regulation by the balance among biological chains.
In addition, the ecological offshore island 4 and the mangrove 13 in the pioneer tree species mangrove planting area 6 are arranged, so that the overall beautiful effect is achieved, and better landscape experience is provided for citizens to play during traveling.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (11)
1. An entry area water and soil conservation ecological system is characterized in that a terrain structure, a water-retaining and anti-scour soil improvement structure and a wave dissipation protection structure are arranged in the water and soil conservation ecological system when new earthwork builds a terrain, and the terrain structure comprises an original riverbed, a submerged stone-piling revetment, a pine pile isolation belt, an offshore ecological island, a stone-throwing revetment and a mangrove forest planting area which are sequentially arranged along a river mouth to land direction, wherein the terrain structure when the new earthwork builds the terrain comprises an original soil layer, a backfill foundation improvement layer, a bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer and a hemp and coconut ecological anti-scour blanket layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top along the height direction of a slope surface of a side slope;
the backfill foundation improvement layer and the bamboo basket soil-fixation ecological planting layer are used as the water-retaining and anti-scouring soil improvement structure, a waterproof geotextile layer and a hemp coconut ecological anti-scouring blanket layer are arranged in the bamboo basket of the bamboo basket soil-fixation ecological planting layer, and the backfill foundation improvement layer extends from the mangrove forest planting area to the undisturbed riverbed through an offshore island;
the pine pile isolation belt, the ecological offshore island and the riprap revetment are used as the wave-breaking protection structure, and the ecological offshore island is provided with a mangrove planting area for planting wave-breaking pioneer mangrove seeds.
2. The water and soil conservation ecological system for the estuary region according to claim 1, wherein the backfill foundation improvement layer extends upwards from the raw soil layer of the side slope to the top of the soil-stabilizing ecological planting layer of the bamboo basket, and the soil components inside and outside the bamboo basket in the soil-stabilizing ecological planting layer are improved soil.
3. The water and soil conservation ecosystem of an estuary region according to claim 2, wherein the improved soil is prepared from sea sand: the sand beach clay is 3:7, and the proportion of the sand beach clay is as follows: sea sand: organic fertilizer: the mature soil is 1:2:7, and the height of the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer is half of the height of the backfill foundation improvement layer.
4. The water and soil conservation ecosystem of an estuary region, according to claim 1, wherein the layer of hemp ecological impact blanket extends from the mangrove forest planting area, through an ecological offshore island, and into the undisturbed riverbed.
5. The water and soil conservation ecological system for the estuary region according to claim 1, wherein the bamboo baskets in the soil-fixing ecological planting layer of the bamboo baskets are inverted trapezoidal columns, and are disposed adjacent to each other, and waterproof geotextile is laid inside the bamboo baskets to form a waterproof geotextile layer to conserve water and soil.
6. The water and soil conservation ecosystem for the sea entrance area of claim 1, wherein the pine isolation piles in the pine pile isolation belt are made of pine, the exposed part of the pine isolation piles to the river bed is half of the depth of the part embedded in the river bed, and the height of the pine isolation piles exceeds the average high tide level elevation of the sea entrance.
7. The water and soil conservation ecosystem of an estuary region according to claim 1, wherein the ecological offshore island has an earthwork mean elevation higher than an estuary mean tidal level elevation.
8. A construction method of a water and soil conservation ecological system during construction of landscape landforms in a sea entrance area is characterized by comprising the following construction steps:
step 1, building stones on the outer side of the side slope of the sea wetland, and forming a sinking stone revetment 2 after the building is finished to form a 1 st wave dissipation barrier;
step 2, the bottom of the river channel structure is an original river bed, the bottom of the side slope is an original soil layer, a backfill foundation improvement layer is arranged on the upper portion of the original soil layer, the backfill foundation improvement layer is made of improved soil, the prepared improved soil is conveyed to the upper portion of the original soil layer in a mechanical mode to form the backfill foundation improvement layer, backfill foundation improvement is completed, and the improved soil in the backfill foundation improvement layer is prepared from sea sand: the sand beach clay is 3:7, wherein the component proportion of the sand beach clay is as follows: sea sand: organic fertilizer: 1:2:7 of mellow soil;
step 3, after the sedimentation of the improved layer of the backfilled foundation is stable, laying diabolo baskets densely on the improved layer of the backfilled foundation to form a bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer, placing waterproof geotextile in the bamboo basket, completing backfill in the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer by using a long-arm excavator, wherein the backfill also adopts the improved soil in the step 2, and the bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer is used as a soil and water conservation substrate;
step 4, after the step 3 is finished, pine isolation piles arranged in rows in a mechanical and manual combination mode form a pine isolation belt, the pine isolation belt is positioned at the edge of the soil-fixing ecological planting layer of the bamboo basket, and the pine isolation piles are implemented to form a 2 nd wave-dissipating barrier;
step 5, after the step 4 is finished, finishing landscape terrain by using a mechanical and manual combination mode, wherein the slope ratio of all side slopes of the terrain is less than or equal to 1:3, forming an ecological offshore island and an inner inflow bay after finishing terrain finishing, the ecological offshore island is provided with a backfill foundation improvement layer and a hemp ecological anti-impact blanket on a bamboo basket soil-fixing ecological planting layer, and the hemp ecological anti-impact blanket layer is formed after paving the hemp ecological anti-impact blanket, digging U-shaped grooves on the ecological offshore island, embedding round coconut shell wood into the U-shaped grooves to fix the ecological hemp coconut impact resistant blanket after the laying of the ecological hemp coconut impact resistant blanket layer is finished, the laying range of the hemp coconut ecological impact resistant blanket layer extends from an undisturbed riverbed to a mangrove forest planting area, digging holes on an erosion-resistant blanket of a hemp coconut ecological erosion-resistant blanket layer on the ecological offshore island to plant mangrove seeds, and forming a 3 rd channel wave-dissipating barrier on the ecological offshore island after mangrove forest planting is completed;
step 6, after the step 5 is finished, placing the riprap revetment by utilizing mechanical artistic work, wherein the riprap in the riprap revetment is selected from local stone seeds, and stone blocks with large, medium and small sizes are selected for natural combination, the lower parts of the stone blocks are buried into the terrain 1/4-1/3, and an inner inflow bay and the riprap revetment form a path 4 wave dissipation barrier;
and 7, after the step 6 is finished, digging holes on an erosion blanket of the hemp coconut ecological erosion blanket layer at the side slope of the river channel for planting, finishing planting in mangrove forest planting areas, and forming a complete water and soil conservation ecological system.
9. The construction method of the water and soil conservation ecosystem for the landscape architecture construction in the sea entrance area according to claim 8, wherein in the modified soil formula of the step 2, the fine sand in the sea sand comprises the following steps: 1:2:1 of coarse sand, 2.2-1.6 of fine sand fineness modulus, 85% of particles with the particle size larger than 0.075mm by total weight, 0.25-0.125 mm of sand with average particle size, 3.0-2.3 of medium sand fineness modulus, 50% of particles with the particle size larger than 0.25mm by total weight, 0.5-0.25mm of sand with average particle size, 3.7-3.1 of coarse sand fineness modulus, 50% of particles with the particle size larger than 0.5mm by total weight, and 1-0.5 mm of sand with average particle size; the organic fertilizer can be prepared from cow dung and chicken manure, and the raw material ratio is 100 kg of cow dung, 60 kg of chicken manure, 20 kg of bacterial slag and 10 g of microbial inoculum.
10. The construction method of the water and soil conservation ecosystem for the landscape terrain construction in the estuary region according to claim 8, wherein in the step 2, after laying the impermeable blanket of the hemp coconut ecological impact resistant blanket layer 8, wooden pegs 11 are required to be fixed, the wooden pegs 11 are round woods with skins and with the diameter of 3-5cm, and the lower parts of the round woods are sharpened to the depth of the base layer of more than 50 cm.
11. The construction method of the water and soil conservation ecosystem for building the landscape terrain at the sea entrance according to claim 8, wherein the steps 5 and 7 further comprise: after the mangrove plant is planted, the mangrove plant is triangularly supported by a wooden stick.
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