CN109853461A - The ecological restoring method and system of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch - Google Patents

The ecological restoring method and system of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109853461A
CN109853461A CN201910070020.9A CN201910070020A CN109853461A CN 109853461 A CN109853461 A CN 109853461A CN 201910070020 A CN201910070020 A CN 201910070020A CN 109853461 A CN109853461 A CN 109853461A
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China
Prior art keywords
ditch
wetland
dam
mire
plateau
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CN201910070020.9A
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CN109853461B (en
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马牧源
朱耀军
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Research Institute of Forestry New Technology of Chinese Academy of Forestry
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Research Institute of Forestry New Technology of Chinese Academy of Forestry
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion

Abstract

The present invention provides the ecological restoring methods and system of a kind of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch, are related to ecological restoration technical field, and the ecological restoring method includes the following steps: the gradient and water volume flow rate that first measure plateau mire wetland erosion ditch difference ditch section;Further according to the gradient and water volume flow rate of different ditch sections, different buffering dams are built in different ditch sections, improve that existing native stone bag builds a dam method and concrete method of building a dam repairs plateau mire wetland erosion ditch, meeting is so that water body detours to side or continues incision from dam bottom, aggravate the soil erosion in dam body two sides and ditch, the technical issues of forming new erosion, the ecological restoring method of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch provided by the invention, according to the gradient of different ditch sections, slope depth and water volume flow rate, build different buffering dams, water volume flow rate can effectively be slowed down and raise ditch bed, improve vegetation coverage, water body is avoided to corrode to dam bottom and furrow bank two sides, promote the sound development of wetlands ecosystems.

Description

The ecological restoring method and system of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological restoration technical fields, more particularly, to a kind of restoration of the ecosystem of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch Method and system.
Background technique
The presence of fountainhead dew point, big ponding assembling area or soil erosion point in wetland, so that water body needs often stream Through certain places, these places gradually form fixed water passage under the action of water erosion and gravity are lost, and water passage by Gradually deepen and widen, form erosion ditch in wetland, is constantly extended to source, cause Partial Wetland soil exposed, vegetation deterioration Seriously.
It is mainly repaired by the way of cramming for plateau mire wetland erosion ditch at present, main includes that native stone bag is built Dam method and concrete are built a dam method etc..Although native stone bag is built a dam, method and the concrete method of building a dam can will be in plateau mire wetland erosion ditches Most of water body intercepted, but can make water body to side detour or from dam bottom continue incision, aggravate dam body two sides and Soil erosion in ditch forms new erosion.
In view of this, the present invention is specifically proposed.
Summary of the invention
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a kind of ecological restoring methods of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch, to improve mesh Although preceding native stone bag is built a dam, method and the concrete method of building a dam can carry out most of water body in plateau mire wetland erosion ditch It intercepts, but water body can be made to detour to side or continue incision from dam bottom, aggravate the soil erosion in dam body two sides and ditch, shape The technical issues of erosion of Cheng Xin.
The ecological restoring method of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch provided by the invention, includes the following steps:
(a) gradient and water volume flow rate of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch difference ditch section are measured;
(b) according to the gradient and water volume flow rate of different ditch sections, different buffering dams are built in different ditch sections.
Further, the height on the different buffering dam≤50cm, and be below the bank of same ditch section;
Preferably, the width on the different buffering dam≤3m.
Further, it when the gradient of ditch section≤0.5%, builds tower head and buffers dam;
And/or the gradient > 0.5% when ditch section, and when water velocity >=2m/s, it builds rubble and buffers dam, and water body can Penetrate through rubble buffering dam;
And/or the gradient>0.5% when ditch section, and when water velocity<2m/s, it builds peat and buffers dam.
Further, when the gradient of ditch section≤0.5%, pass through transplanting tower head and form tower head and buffer dam.
Further, rubble buffering dam is piled up using multiple rubbles, and forms hole between multiple rubbles, so that Obtaining water body can be penetrated through by hole.
Further, it piles up to form peat buffering dam using multiple peat bags, the peat bag includes loading bag, the dress The inside for carrying bag is mounted with peat soil and grass seeds.
Further, the loading bag is made of degradation material;
Preferably, the loading bag is gunnysack.
Further, kind is implanted with careless class vegetation on the different buffering dams.
Further, multiple identical buffering dams are arranged at intervals in same ditch section.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch repair system, including plateau mire is wet Ground erosion ditch, the plateau mire wetland erosion ditch include multiple and different ditch ends, and the difference ditch section is provided with different delay Rush dam.
The ecological restoring method of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch provided by the invention, it is deep according to the gradient of different ditch sections, slope And water volume flow rate, different buffering dams is built, can effectively slow down water volume flow rate and raise ditch bed, improve vegetation coverage, avoid Water body is corroded to dam bottom and furrow bank two sides, promotes the sound development of wetlands ecosystems.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical solution in the prior art Embodiment or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art be briefly described, it should be apparent that, it is described below Attached drawing is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, before not making the creative labor It puts, is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional structure schematic diagram for the first ditch section that the build that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides has tower head buffering dam;
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional structure schematic diagram for the second ditch section that the build that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides has rubble buffering dam;
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional structure schematic diagram for the third ditch section that the build that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides has peat buffering dam.
Icon: 101- the first ditch section;102- the second ditch section;103- third ditch section;200- tower head buffers dam;300- rubble is slow Rush dam;400- peat buffers dam.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but those skilled in the art will Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the invention.It is not specified in embodiment specific Condition person carries out according to conventional conditions or manufacturer's recommended conditions.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is The conventional products that can be obtained by commercially available purchase.
It should be understood that
In the present invention, if without particularly illustrating, all embodiments mentioned in this article and preferred implementation method It can be combined with each other to form new technical solution.
In the present invention, if percentage (%) or part refer to the weight relative to composition without particularly illustrating Percentage or parts by weight.
In the present invention, if related each component or its preferred ingredient can be combined with each other shape without particularly illustrating The technical solution of Cheng Xin.
In the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, numberical range " a~b " indicates the contracting of any real combinings between a to b Sketch form shows that wherein a and b is real number.Such as numberical range " 6~22 " indicate herein all listed " 6~22 " it Between whole real numbers, " 6~22 " be these combinations of values breviary indicate.
" range " disclosed in this invention can be respectively one or more lower limits and one in the form of lower and upper limit A or multiple upper limits.
In the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, it is each reaction or operating procedure can sequentially carry out, can also in sequence into Row.Preferably, reaction method herein is that sequence carries out.
Unless otherwise indicated, profession used herein and meaning phase known to scientific term and one skilled in the art Together.In addition, any method similar to or equal to what is recorded or material can also be applied in the present invention.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of restoration of the ecosystem sides of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch Method includes the following steps:
(a) gradient and water volume flow rate of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch difference ditch section are measured;
(b) according to the gradient and water volume flow rate of different ditch sections, different buffering dams are built in different ditch sections.
During wetland buffering structure is repaired, the ditch section of different gradient and water volume flow rate needs to delay using different Rush dam carry out specific aim reparation, can effectively slow down water volume flow rate, improve ditch bed, improve vegetation coverage, avoid water body to Dam bottom and furrow bank two sides are corroded, and the sound development of wetlands ecosystems is promoted.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the height on different buffering dams≤50cm, and be below same ditch section Bank.
By control the height on different buffering dams≤50cm, and be below the bank of different ditch sections, can effectively avoid Because buffering the excessive height on dam, so that because phenomena such as bend, incision or furrow bank collapse occurs in congestion when water body flows through ditch section.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the width on different buffering dams≤3m.If the width for buffering dam is big It in 3m, is then easy to cause water body congestion serious, so that phenomena such as bend or incision occurs in water body, causes water body to dam bottom and furrow bank Two sides are further corroded, and wetland is further destroyed, and when buffering the width≤3m on dam, water volume flow rate can either be slowed down, again It not will cause the serious phenomenon of water body congestion, facilitate the reparation of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch, repair the ecological environment of wetland.
In a kind of preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, when the gradient of ditch section≤0.5%, builds tower head and buffer dam.
The gradient and water volume flow rate of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch difference ditch section are all different, and the ditch section of grading is built Tower head buffering dam can slow down water volume flow rate, and avoid water body incision by the growth of tower head, so that ditch bed effectively be avoided to deepen.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, tower head buffering dam is transplanted to form tower head buffering dam by tower head.
Tower head is also known as " tower head block of wood ", is a kind of careless pier for being higher by even one meter of tens centimetres of the water surface, is by marshland Regrowth after the root system of various sedges is dead, then rot, regrowth in cycles, and month after month condenses and shape throughout the year with plaster carbon At.Tower head is transplanted by the ditch section in the plateau mire wetland erosion ditch gradient≤0.5%, so that tower head is grown in the ditch section, On the one hand the soil erosion of the ditch section is reduced, on the other hand also can slow down the flow velocity of water body by tower head, to effectively avoid The ditch section is widened and is deepened, to effectively keep the ecological environment of the wetland of the ditch section.
In further preferred embodiment of the invention, if the ditch segment length of the gradient≤0.5% is longer, it can be spaced Multiple tower head bufferings dam is set and promotes the reparation of the ditch section ecological environment further to slow down the flow velocity of water body.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the ditch section gradient is more precipitous, when and the gradient > 0.5%, if water body Flow velocity it is higher >=2m/s when, then need to build the rubble buffering dam that water body can penetrate through, to subtract by rubble buffering dam Slow water volume flow rate, avoids because the gradient is larger, and water volume flow rate is higher, soil erosion aggravation, so that the ditch section is widened and is deepened, ecology Environment is further destroyed.
In the gradient > 0.5%, the flow velocity of water body is higher >=the ditch section of 2m/s, water body kinetic energy with higher, if still using Tower head buffers dam or peat bag buffering dam and intercepts water body, then tower head can be buffered dam or peat bag buffering dam and destroyed by rush of water by water body, causes Tower head buffering dam or peat bag buffering dam cannot achieve water body deceleration.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the rubble that can be penetrated through using water body buffers dam, and it can not only make It obtains water body to penetrate through, avoids water body congestion from leading to water body bend or incision, and can keep under the percussion of water body It is firm, it will not be rushed by water body across while sedimentation can also being promoted, and form sediment before dam, persistently subtracted to reach Slow water volume flow rate, promotes the purpose of wetland wet condition reparation.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is piled up using multiple rubbles, and is formed between multiple rubbles Hole, so that water body can be penetrated through by hole.
It piles up to form rubble buffering dam by multiple rubbles, so that the intensity on rubble buffering dam is higher, is resistant to height The impact of water body, so that high-velocity fluid is under the interception function on rubble buffering dam, it can only be by the hole that is formed between rubble Hole penetrates through, to effectively slow down the flow velocity of water body, can effectively avoid widening and deepening for ditch section, promote Wetland ecological The quick reparation of environment.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it when the gradient>0.5% of ditch section, and when water velocity<2m/s, repairs Build peat buffering dam.
More precipitous, and the ditch section that water velocity is not high, it builds peat and buffers dam, rushing for low speed water body can either be resistant to Hit, and the flow velocity of water body can be slowed down, at the same can also matrix by peat as vegetation growth, promote vegetation growth, add The restoration of the ecosystem of fast ditch section.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it piles up to form peat buffering dam, the mud using multiple peat bags Charcoal bag includes loading bag, and the inside for loading bag is mounted with peat soil and grass seeds.
It piles up to form peat buffering dam by using multiple peat bags, so that the technology for constructing on peat buffering dam is simpler, It more being capable of effectively save man power and material.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, peat bag includes loading bag, loads in bag and is mounted with peat soil and grass Kind.
Peat soil refers to that in certain fluviolacustrine deposit low plains and mountain valley, due to long-term ponding, aquatic vegetation is dense, Under anaerobic conditions, the soil that insufficient plant residue accumulates and forms peat horizon is largely decomposed.Peat soil is distributed in cold more The low-lying land of Humid Area, earth's surface can have the grass roots layer of thick 20-30cm, be peat horizon and mineral gley horizon under grass roots layer, sometimes mud There are also humus transition zones under layer of charcoal.
By being mounted with peat soil and grass seeds inside peat bag, grass seeds is carried out by growth substrate of peat soil Growth promotes the quick reparation of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch so that growing a variety of careless class vegetation on peat buffering dam.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, bag is loaded to be made of degradation material.By using degradable Material preparation load bag, enable load bag in the environment natural degradation avoid environment at the product of environmental sound Pollution.
In present invention further optimization embodiment, loads bag and be prepared by plant fiber.Using plant fiber Preparation loads bag, and ecological environment will not only be destroyed by generating plant fiber fragment after the loading bag degradation made, but also can also conduct Fertilizer promotes the growth of careless class vegetation.
In still more preferably embodiment of the invention, loading bag is gunnysack.Using gunnysack as bag is loaded, more It is easy to degrade, the peat soil siltation broken up after degradation can raise bottom of trench on buffering dam, slow down water volume flow rate, mix in peat soil Miscellaneous grass seeds also can sprout growth under appropriate conditions, accelerate the restoration of the ecosystem of ditch section.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, kind is implanted with careless class vegetation on different buffering dams.
In the ditch section of the gradient≤0.5%, the gap kind between multiple tower heads on tower head buffering dam is implanted with straw or like vegetable, To further increase the vegetation coverage on tower head buffering dam, the soil erosion of ditch section is reduced.
In the gradient > 0.5%, and water velocity >=2m/s ditch section, straw or like vegetable appropriate is planted on rubble buffering dam, Void growth of the straw or like vegetable between rubble, can not only further slow down water volume flow rate, additionally it is possible to beautify the environment, accelerate life State remediation efficiency.
In the gradient>0.5%, and water velocity<2m/s ditch section, it is appropriate in the gap of straw or like vegetable on peat buffering dam Some straw or like vegetables are reseeded, vegetation coverage can be further increased, accelerate restoration of the ecosystem efficiency.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ditch section often passed in livestock preferably builds rubble buffering dam, with Avoid the drowned phenomenon of livestock occur because dam body intensity is insufficient.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, after building buffering dam, it is ensured that after building buffering dam, Ba Qianshui Deeply no more than 20-30cm, it will appear incision to avoid water body or around dam lateral incision, formed before leading to dam compared with deep water face sound livestock Drinking-water.
Technical solution provided by the invention is further described below with reference to embodiment and comparative example.
Embodiment 1
The ecological restoring method for present embodiments providing a kind of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch, includes the following steps:
(1) gradient and water volume flow rate of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch difference ditch section are measured, and according to the gradient and water body stream Ditch section is marked in speed, and the ditch segment mark of the gradient≤0.5% is denoted as the first ditch section 101;By the gradient > 0.5%, and water velocity The ditch segment mark of >=2m/s is denoted as the second ditch section 102, and by the gradient > 0.5%, and water velocity >=2m/s ditch segment mark is denoted as third ditch Section 103;
(2) spaced multiple tower head bufferings dam 200 is formed by transplanting tower head in the first ditch section 101, such as Fig. 1 institute Show, tower head buffering dam 200 is crammed in the first ditch section 101, and tower head buffers the height≤50cm on dam 200, width≤3m, and is lower than The bank of the ditch section improves vegetation coverage to slow down the flow velocity of the water body flowed through by tower head, avoid the occurrence of bottom of trench deepen and Furrow width widens the appearance of phenomenon;Meanwhile careless class has also been reseeded in the gap between tower head;
(3) multiple spaced rubbles are built by multiple rubbles in the second ditch section 102 and buffers dam 300, such as Fig. 2 institute Show, rubble buffering dam 300 is crammed in the second ditch section 102, and rubble buffers the height≤50cm on dam 300, width≤3m, and is lower than The bank of the ditch section, the rubble buffering dam 300 multiple rubbles between form hole so that water body can be seeped by hole Pass through thoroughly, so that the flow velocity of water body be effectively reduced;Meanwhile also kind is implanted with careless class on rubble buffering dam 300;
(4) third ditch section 103 is mounted with peat soil and the gunnysack of grass seeds piles up multiple spaced peat by multiple Buffer dam 400, as shown in figure 3, peat buffering dam 400 cram in third ditch section 103, peat buffer dam 400 height≤ 50cm, width≤3m, and it is lower than the bank of the ditch section, while also kind is implanted with careless class on peat buffering dam 400.
After repairing 1 year, bottom of trench depth and furrow width and water are carried out to the ditch section that the plateau mire wetland erosion ditch marked at that time The measurement of body flow velocity, the results show that after being repaired using the ecological restoring method of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch provided in this embodiment, The water volume flow rate of first ditch section 101, the second ditch section 102 and third ditch section 103 reduces by 30% or more over the same period last year, and bottom of trench is deep Degree reduces 5-30cm, and furrow width is showed no and widens, and does not occur furrow bank collapsing phenomenon.
In addition, the vegetation coverage in the plateau mire wetland erosion ditch dramatically increases after repairing 1 year, it is exposed in the past Cao Lei vegetational type is formed in ditch body, vegetation coverage improves 60% or more before relatively repairing, effectively facilitated plateau mire wetland The restoration of the ecosystem of erosion ditch.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations;To the greatest extent Pipe present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: its according to So be possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of the technical features into Row equivalent replacement;And these are modified or replaceed, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution The range of scheme.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of ecological restoring method of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch, which comprises the steps of:
(a) gradient and water volume flow rate of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch difference ditch section are measured;
(b) according to the gradient and water volume flow rate of different ditch sections, different buffering dams are built in different ditch sections.
2. the ecological restoring method of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the difference Buffer the height on dam≤50cm, and be below the bank of same ditch section;
Preferably, the width on the different buffering dam≤2m.
3. the ecological restoring method of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch according to claim 1, which is characterized in that when ditch section When the gradient≤0.5%, builds tower head and buffer dam;
And/or the gradient > 0.5% when ditch section, and when water velocity >=2m/s, it builds rubble and buffers dam, and water body can permeate Dam is buffered by rubble;
And/or the gradient>0.5% when ditch section, and when water velocity<2m/s, it builds peat and buffers dam.
4. the ecological restoring method of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch according to claim 3, which is characterized in that when ditch section When the gradient≤0.5%, passes through transplanting tower head and form tower head and buffer dam.
5. the ecological restoring method of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch according to claim 3, which is characterized in that rubble buffering Dam is piled up using multiple rubbles, and forms hole between multiple rubbles, is led to so that water body can be permeated by hole It crosses.
6. the ecological restoring method of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch according to claim 3, which is characterized in that using multiple Peat bag pile up to be formed peat buffering dam, the peat bag include load bag, it is described load bag inside be mounted with peat soil and Grass seeds.
7. the ecological restoring method of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the loading Bag is made of degradation material;
Preferably, the loading bag is gunnysack.
8. the ecological restoring method of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch according to claim 1-7, which is characterized in that Kind is implanted with careless class vegetation on the different buffering dams.
9. the ecological restoring method of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch according to claim 1-7, which is characterized in that Multiple identical buffering dams are arranged at intervals in same ditch section.
10. a kind of plateau mire wetland erosion ditch repair system, which is characterized in that described including plateau mire wetland erosion ditch Plateau mire wetland erosion ditch includes multiple and different ditch sections, and the difference ditch section is provided with different buffering dams.
CN201910070020.9A 2019-01-24 2019-01-24 Ecological restoration method and system for erosion gully of plateau marsh wetland Active CN109853461B (en)

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CN116267479A (en) * 2023-05-24 2023-06-23 北京建工环境修复股份有限公司 Method for recovering water level and vegetation of peat marshland with drainage and drainage
CN116862733A (en) * 2023-06-14 2023-10-10 自然资源部国土整治中心 Track restoration method

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116267479A (en) * 2023-05-24 2023-06-23 北京建工环境修复股份有限公司 Method for recovering water level and vegetation of peat marshland with drainage and drainage
CN116267479B (en) * 2023-05-24 2023-08-11 北京建工环境修复股份有限公司 Method for recovering water level and vegetation of peat marshland with drainage and drainage
CN116862733A (en) * 2023-06-14 2023-10-10 自然资源部国土整治中心 Track restoration method
CN116862733B (en) * 2023-06-14 2024-03-29 自然资源部国土整治中心 Track restoration method

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