CN204940307U - Pattern of farming and ecological slope protection structure - Google Patents
Pattern of farming and ecological slope protection structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN204940307U CN204940307U CN201520688994.0U CN201520688994U CN204940307U CN 204940307 U CN204940307 U CN 204940307U CN 201520688994 U CN201520688994 U CN 201520688994U CN 204940307 U CN204940307 U CN 204940307U
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- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 22
- 101150054854 POU1F1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
本实用新型涉及水土保持技术领域,提供了一种种植结构,该种植结构包括栽培坑、管桩和第一填土,通过在栽培坑内插设管桩,不仅使土体得到了一定程度的固定,还可以利用在管桩内第一填土的上方形成的灌溉坑蓄存雨水,蓄存的雨水受管桩的圈定竖直入渗,从而全部作用于待栽培植株的根系,使待栽培植株在成长初期获得充足的水分,后期根系穿过根孔还可实现更大范围的固土;本实用新型还提供了一种包括多个该种植结构的生态护坡结构,该生态保护结构通过在横向上每相邻的两个种植结构之间设置中部较高的挡板,将坡地上的地表径流分流至挡板两端的管桩内,使雨水资源得到了充分的利用,增加了植株的成活率。
The utility model relates to the technical field of water and soil conservation, and provides a planting structure, which includes a planting pit, pipe piles and the first filling soil. By inserting pipe piles in the planting pit, the soil body is fixed to a certain extent. , it is also possible to use the irrigation pit formed above the first filling in the pipe pile to store rainwater, and the stored rainwater is vertically infiltrated by the delineation of the pipe pile, thereby all acting on the root system of the plant to be cultivated, so that the plant to be cultivated Sufficient water is obtained in the early stage of growth, and the root system can pass through the root hole in the later stage to achieve a wider range of soil fixation; the utility model also provides an ecological slope protection structure comprising a plurality of planting structures. A high baffle in the middle is set between each two adjacent planting structures to divert the surface runoff on the slope to the pipe piles at both ends of the baffle, so that the rainwater resources are fully utilized and the survival rate of the plants is increased. .
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及水土保持技术领域,特别提供了一种种植结构及生态护坡结构。The utility model relates to the technical field of water and soil conservation, and in particular provides a planting structure and an ecological slope protection structure.
背景技术Background technique
随着经济社会的发展,交通、电力、矿山、水利等开发建设项目数量剧增,工程本身会形成大量的永久性边坡。其次,我国是多山国家,存在大面积的自然边坡(坡地),各类生产建设项目施工过程中,因取土、采石、弃渣造成大量废弃边坡。这些边坡不仅是滑坡、落石、泥石流等地质灾害的根源,还会带来因坡面裸露引起的水土流失、局部小气候恶化以及生物链破坏等环境问题。我国绿化事业初期,人们只是把边坡当成没有生命的有失稳倾向的土体或岩体,边坡防护也只是单纯采取支挡、封闭等工程措施保持它的稳定。With the development of the economy and society, the number of development and construction projects such as transportation, electric power, mining, and water conservancy has increased dramatically, and the project itself will form a large number of permanent slopes. Secondly, my country is a mountainous country with a large area of natural slopes (slopes). During the construction of various production and construction projects, a large number of abandoned slopes are caused by soil borrowing, quarrying, and spoil. These slopes are not only the source of geological disasters such as landslides, rockfalls, and debris flows, but also bring about environmental problems such as soil erosion caused by exposed slopes, local microclimate deterioration, and biological chain damage. In the early days of my country's greening industry, people only regarded slopes as lifeless soil or rock masses with a tendency to be unstable, and slope protection only took engineering measures such as support and closure to maintain its stability.
近年来,随着相关学科(如恢复生态学、水土保持工程学等)的发展以及人们环境意识的提高,采用工程措施与生物措施相结合的方法,对边坡进行防护和绿化逐渐被大家认可,并取得了明显的经济和生态效益。对于立地条件差、坡面不稳定的边坡,多采用乔灌草结合,利用乔灌木根系结合工程措施稳定坡面,但存在效果慢、成活率低等问题。In recent years, with the development of related disciplines (such as restoration ecology, soil and water conservation engineering, etc.) and the improvement of people's environmental awareness, the combination of engineering measures and biological measures to protect and green slopes has gradually been recognized by everyone. , and achieved obvious economic and ecological benefits. For slopes with poor site conditions and unstable slopes, the combination of trees, shrubs and grasses, and the combination of tree and shrub roots are used to stabilize the slope, but there are problems such as slow effect and low survival rate.
实用新型内容Utility model content
(一)要解决的技术问题(1) Technical problems to be solved
本实用新型的目的是提供一种能够对坡地起到防护作用且有利于植株成活的生态护坡结构。The purpose of the utility model is to provide an ecological slope protection structure that can protect the slope and is beneficial to the survival of the plants.
(二)技术方案(2) Technical solution
为实现上述目的,本实用新型提供了一种种植结构,该结构包括:In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a planting structure, which comprises:
栽培坑;cultivation pit;
管桩,所述管桩为整体呈管状结构,侧壁的中部开设有若干个根孔,所述管桩的底端插设在所述栽培坑的内部,所述管桩的顶端的高度与所述栽培坑的开口的高度相适应;以及Pipe pile, the pipe pile is a tubular structure as a whole, several root holes are opened in the middle of the side wall, the bottom end of the pipe pile is inserted in the inside of the cultivation pit, and the height of the top of the pipe pile is the same as The height of the opening of the cultivation pit is suitable; and
第一填土,所述第一填土填设在所述管桩的内部,顶面低于所述管桩的开口,待栽培植株的根部埋设在所述第一填土中。The first filling, the first filling is filled inside the pipe pile, the top surface is lower than the opening of the pipe pile, and the roots of the plants to be cultivated are embedded in the first filling.
优选的,若干个所述根孔具有多种孔径,同种孔径的所述根孔圆周均布。Preferably, several of the root holes have various pore sizes, and the root holes of the same pore size are evenly distributed around the circumference.
优选的,所述第一填土中包含营养土。Preferably, the first filling contains nutrient soil.
优选的,所述第一填土的下方还设有隔水层。Preferably, a water-resisting layer is further provided under the first filling.
优选的,所述第一填土的顶面距所述管桩的顶端100~150mm。Preferably, the top surface of the first filling is 100-150mm away from the top of the pipe pile.
优选的,所述管桩与所述栽培坑的侧壁之间具有环状间隙,所述环状间隙内填设有第二填土。Preferably, there is an annular gap between the pipe pile and the side wall of the cultivation pit, and the second filling soil is filled in the annular gap.
优选的,所述栽培坑的底部设有固定层,所述固定层用于固定所述管桩。Preferably, a fixing layer is provided at the bottom of the cultivation pit, and the fixing layer is used to fix the pipe pile.
本实用新型还提供了一种生态护坡结构,该结构包括多个如上所述的种植结构,横向上每相邻的两个所述种植结构之间均设有一个挡板,所述挡板的中部较两端高,用于将地表径流导流至管桩中。The utility model also provides an ecological slope protection structure, which comprises a plurality of planting structures as described above, a baffle plate is arranged between every two adjacent planting structures in the transverse direction, and the baffle plate The middle part is higher than the two ends, and is used to divert the surface runoff into the pipe pile.
(三)有益效果(3) Beneficial effects
本实用新型提供的一种种植结构,通过在栽培坑内插设管桩,使土体得到了一定程度的固定;利用管桩内第一填土的上方形成的灌溉坑,使蓄存的雨水受管桩的圈定竖直入渗而全部作用于待栽培植株的根系,使待栽培植株在成长初期获得充足的水分,后期根系穿过根孔可实现更大范围的固土。The planting structure provided by the utility model fixes the soil to a certain extent by inserting pipe piles in the cultivation pit; the irrigation pit formed above the first filling soil in the pipe piles is used to absorb the stored rainwater The delineated vertical infiltration of the pipe pile acts on the root system of the plant to be cultivated, so that the plant to be cultivated can obtain sufficient water in the early stage of growth, and the root system can pass through the root hole in the later stage to achieve a wider range of soil consolidation.
另外,本实用新型还提供了一种包括多个上述种植结构的生态护坡结构,通过在横向上每相邻的两个种植结构之间设置中部较高的挡板,将坡地上的地表径流分流至挡板两端的管桩内,使雨水资源得到了充分的利用。In addition, the utility model also provides an ecological slope protection structure comprising a plurality of above-mentioned planting structures, by setting a higher baffle in the middle between every two adjacent planting structures in the transverse direction, the surface runoff on the slope can be diverted into the pipe piles at both ends of the baffle, so that the rainwater resources have been fully utilized.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型实施例的一种种植结构的示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a planting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2是本实用新型实施例的一种生态护坡结构的示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ecological slope protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
附图标记:Reference signs:
1、灌溉坑;2、管桩;3、待栽培植株;4、第一填土;5、栽培坑;6、坡地;7、泡状土;8、挡板;9、种植结构。1. Irrigation pit; 2. Pipe pile; 3. Plants to be cultivated; 4. First fill; 5. Cultivation pit; 6. Slope; 7. Bubble soil; 8. Baffle; 9. Planting structure.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例,对本实用新型的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本实用新型,但不用来限制本实用新型的范围。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the specific embodiment of the utility model is described in further detail. The following examples are used to illustrate the utility model, but not to limit the scope of the utility model.
在本实用新型的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本实用新型中的具体含义。In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the term "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; It can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model in specific situations.
如图1所示,本实用新型提供的一种种植结构,该种植结构包括栽培坑5、管桩2以及第一填土4;栽培坑5优选为竖直向下开设;管桩2为整体呈管状结构,两端具有开口,侧壁的中部开设有若干个均匀分布的根孔,管桩2的底端插设在栽培坑5的内部,管桩2的顶端的高度与栽培坑5的开口的高度相适应,即当栽培坑5开设在平地上时,管桩2的顶端应与栽培坑5的开口齐平,当培坑开设在坡地6上,管桩2的顶端应与栽培坑5的开口的较高的一侧齐平,这样可以使降雨所产生的地表径流流入到管桩2中;待栽培植株3的根部容置于管桩2的内部,并将第一填土4填入到管桩2的内部,第一填土4将待栽培植株3包围,将待栽培植株3的根部埋设在管桩2中,而且,第一填土4的高度应低于管桩2的开口,由此可在管桩2的内部、并位于第一填土4的上方形成灌溉坑1,该灌溉坑1用于蓄积流入的水资源,由于管桩2上部的侧壁不透水,灌溉坑1中的水资源只能向下入渗,进而全部作用于待栽培植株3的根系。但是,若蓄积过量的水容易导致淹苗,而灌溉坑1的容量过小又会使蓄积的水分不够用,所以本实施例将第一填土4的顶部设置为距管桩2的顶部100~150mm,经大量实验证明,该深度的灌溉坑1的单位入渗量较为适宜植株生长。As shown in Figure 1, a kind of planting structure provided by the utility model, this planting structure comprises cultivation pit 5, pipe pile 2 and first filling soil 4; The cultivation pit 5 is preferably vertically opened downward; Pipe pile 2 is a whole It is a tubular structure with openings at both ends, and several evenly distributed root holes are opened in the middle of the side wall. The height of the opening is suitable, that is, when the cultivation pit 5 was opened on the flat ground, the top of the pipe pile 2 should be flush with the opening of the cultivation pit 5; The higher side of the opening of 5 is flush, so that the surface runoff produced by rainfall can flow into the pipe pile 2; the root of the plant 3 to be cultivated is accommodated in the pipe pile 2, and the first filling 4 Fill into the inside of the pipe pile 2, the first filling soil 4 surrounds the plant 3 to be cultivated, and the root of the plant 3 to be cultivated is buried in the pipe pile 2, and the height of the first filling soil 4 should be lower than the pipe pile 2 The opening of the pipe pile 2 can thus form an irrigation pit 1 above the first filling 4. The irrigation pit 1 is used to accumulate inflowing water resources. Since the side wall at the top of the pipe pile 2 is impermeable, The water resources in the irrigation pit 1 can only infiltrate downwards, and then all act on the root system of the plant 3 to be cultivated. However, if excessive water is accumulated, it will easily lead to flooding of seedlings, and the too small capacity of the irrigation pit 1 will make the accumulated water not enough, so the top of the first filling 4 is set to 100 meters from the top of the pipe pile 2 in this embodiment. ~150mm, a large number of experiments have proved that the unit infiltration of the irrigation pit 1 at this depth is more suitable for plant growth.
由于新栽培的植株的根系并不发达,相较于直接将待栽培植株3种植在土壤中,蓄积在植株周围的灌溉用水并不会向四周入渗,因此可在相同的降雨条件下,使成长初期的植株吸收更多的水分,更利于植株的生长。Because the root system of the newly cultivated plants is not developed, compared with directly planting the plants 3 to be cultivated in the soil, the irrigation water accumulated around the plants will not infiltrate to the surroundings, so it can be used under the same rainfall conditions. Plants in the early growth stage absorb more water, which is more conducive to plant growth.
在植株成长的过程中,由于水分在管桩2的内部分布均匀,植株的根系在成长初期会均匀的向四周散开延伸,并不会像传统栽培方式那样朝着水多的一侧生长,而且,由于若干个根孔均匀分布在管桩2的侧壁上,也会使四散开来的根系向四周均匀地穿过根孔,并在根孔的限制下继续偏向管桩2的径向生长,最终实现大范围的固土。During the growth of the plant, because the water is evenly distributed inside the pipe pile 2, the root system of the plant will spread out and extend around evenly in the early stage of growth, and will not grow towards the side with more water like the traditional cultivation method. Moreover, since several root holes are evenly distributed on the side wall of the pipe pile 2, the scattered roots will pass through the root holes evenly around, and continue to deflect to the diameter of the pipe pile 2 under the restriction of the root holes. To grow, and finally to achieve a wide range of soil fixation.
其中,若干个根孔可以是具有多种孔径,且同种孔径的所述根孔圆周均布,例如,可通过几个周向均匀分布的大孔径根孔而使植株的几个主根系向四周均匀散开,不仅有利于植株的生长,还可以达到更佳的固土效果。Wherein, several root holes can have multiple apertures, and the circumference of the root holes of the same aperture is evenly distributed. Spreading evenly around is not only beneficial to the growth of plants, but also can achieve better soil consolidation effect.
另外,还可以在第一填土4中添加营养土,如肥料等,同理于对水分的圈定,营养土也会被管桩2圈定在植株的根系的周围,不会随水分的入渗而向四周流失,因此可保证植株在生长的初期有充足的养分供应,使植株的根系更快生长。并且,在第一填土4的下方还设有隔水层,隔水层可减少营养土中的营养物质和水分的下渗,而由于管桩的下部并无根孔,所以营养物质和水分会在管桩的底部堆积,利用植物根系的趋肥性,使植物的根系向下生长,最终冲破隔水层向更深处生长,从而达到更好的固土效果。In addition, it is also possible to add nutritious soil, such as fertilizer, etc. in the first filling 4. Similarly to the delineation of water, the nutritious soil will also be delineated around the root system of the plant by the pipe pile 2, and will not infiltrate with the water. And it is lost to the surroundings, so it can ensure that the plant has sufficient nutrient supply in the early stage of growth, so that the root system of the plant can grow faster. Moreover, a water-repelling layer is also provided below the first filling 4, which can reduce the infiltration of nutrients and moisture in the nutrient soil, and because there is no root hole in the bottom of the pipe pile, the nutrients and moisture It will accumulate at the bottom of the pipe pile, and use the fertilization of the plant root system to make the plant's root system grow downward, and finally break through the aquifer to grow deeper, so as to achieve better soil consolidation effect.
栽培坑5的直径优选为大于管桩2的直径,这样可使管桩2更容易插入到栽培坑5中,为防止管桩2在栽培坑5中晃动,可在栽培坑5的底部铺设固定层,固定层可以是培土、碎石等,以此对管桩2起到初步固定的作用。另外,管桩2与栽培坑5的侧壁之间还会形成环状间隙,可在环状间隙内填设第二填土,由于第二填土是回填的土壤,相较于栽培坑5的侧壁的原状土壤要松软,因此,当植株的根系探触至根孔范围内时,由于跟孔外的第二填土的松软度相较于管桩2的侧壁有着明显的差异,所以会使根系更容易穿出根孔而向外生长。The diameter of the cultivation pit 5 is preferably greater than the diameter of the pipe pile 2, so that the pipe pile 2 can be more easily inserted into the cultivation pit 5, and for preventing the pipe pile 2 from shaking in the cultivation pit 5, a fixed pipe can be laid at the bottom of the cultivation pit 5. layer, and the fixing layer can be earth, gravel, etc., so as to play a preliminary fixing effect on the pipe pile 2. In addition, an annular gap will be formed between the pipe pile 2 and the side wall of the cultivation pit 5, and the second filling soil can be filled in the annular gap. Since the second filling soil is backfilled soil, compared with the cultivation pit 5 The undisturbed soil on the side wall of the pipe pile should be soft. Therefore, when the root system of the plant touches the root hole, the softness of the second filling outside the hole is significantly different from that of the side wall of the pipe pile 2. So it will make it easier for the root system to pass through the root hole and grow outward.
如图2所示,本实施例还提供了一种生态护坡结构,该生态护坡结构包括多个上述种植结构9,多个种植结构9可以矩阵的形式分布在坡地6上,为使各个植株的根系分布得更均匀,每上下相邻的两排种植结构9在沿坡地倾斜的方向上相互错开。并且,在横向上每相邻的两个种植结构9之间均设置一个挡板8,挡板8的一端位于其中一个管桩2的上方,另一端位于另一个管桩2的上方。挡板8的中部较两端高,类似一个钝角三角形,当降雨形成地表径流时,挡板8可对地表径流形成横向拦截,由于挡板8的中部较高,地表径流不会从挡板8的中部越过,而是会分开流向挡板8的两侧,即流入到管桩2顶部的灌溉坑1中,由此可保证对雨水充分利用。As shown in Figure 2, the present embodiment also provides a kind of ecological slope protection structure, and this ecological slope protection structure comprises a plurality of above-mentioned planting structures 9, and a plurality of planting structures 9 can be distributed on the slope 6 in the form of matrix, in order to make each plant The root system is distributed more evenly, and every two rows of planting structures 9 adjacent up and down are staggered in the direction along the inclination of the slope. Moreover, a baffle 8 is provided between every two adjacent planting structures 9 in the transverse direction, one end of the baffle 8 is located above one of the pipe piles 2 , and the other end is located above the other pipe pile 2 . The middle part of the baffle plate 8 is higher than the two ends, similar to an obtuse triangle. When the rainfall forms surface runoff, the baffle plate 8 can form a transverse interception of the surface runoff. Instead, it will flow separately to both sides of the baffle plate 8, that is, to flow into the irrigation pit 1 on the top of the pipe pile 2, thereby ensuring full utilization of rainwater.
另外,由于坡地6上的栽培坑5的开口为沿坡面向下倾斜,而管桩2的开口是与栽培坑5较高的一侧侧壁齐平的,所以管桩2朝下坡底的一侧会外露,因此可在管桩2外露部分之外堆设泡状土7,用于加固管桩2。In addition, because the opening of the cultivation pit 5 on the slope 6 is inclined downward along the slope, and the opening of the pipe pile 2 is flush with the higher side wall of the cultivation pit 5, so the pipe pile 2 faces downward toward the bottom of the slope. One side will be exposed, so the bubbly soil 7 can be stacked outside the exposed part of the pipe pile 2 for reinforcing the pipe pile 2.
以上所述仅是本实用新型的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本实用新型技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和替换,这些改进和替换也应视为本实用新型的保护范围。The above is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the utility model, some improvements and replacements can also be made. And replacement should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present utility model.
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CN105200998A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-30 | 北京林业大学 | Planting structure and ecological slope protection structure |
CN109596807A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-09 | 重庆地质矿产研究院 | Surface subsidence monitoring system |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105200998A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-30 | 北京林业大学 | Planting structure and ecological slope protection structure |
CN105200998B (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2017-12-19 | 北京林业大学 | ecological slope protection structure |
CN109596807A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-09 | 重庆地质矿产研究院 | Surface subsidence monitoring system |
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