CN112211157A - Ecological restoration method for micro-topography of abandoned sand pit of riparian zone in high-altitude area - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for micro-topography of abandoned sand pit of riparian zone in high-altitude area Download PDFInfo
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- CN112211157A CN112211157A CN202011039595.3A CN202011039595A CN112211157A CN 112211157 A CN112211157 A CN 112211157A CN 202011039595 A CN202011039595 A CN 202011039595A CN 112211157 A CN112211157 A CN 112211157A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/32—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water with artificial enrichment, e.g. by adding water from a pond or a river
- E03B3/36—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water with artificial enrichment, e.g. by adding water from a pond or a river of surface water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/30—Flood prevention; Flood or storm water management, e.g. using flood barriers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The invention provides an ecological restoration method for micro-topography of waste sand extraction sites of riparian zones in high altitude areas, which comprises the following steps: s1, building a revetment along a river channel: building revetments with slopes on two sides of a river channel respectively, and arranging gabion revetments at slope feet of each revetments; s2, newly building an ecological wetland: a plurality of small islands are piled up on a sand field river bed between a revetment and a river bank soil foundation by adopting gravel materials, soil is integrally covered, green plants are planted on the small islands, and emergent aquatic plants are planted in low-lying positions; s3, ecological wetland water replenishing: the effluent of the sewage station is used as ecological water supplement of the wetland; s4, maintenance of the water ecosystem: and in the wetland maintenance period, the damaged nursery stocks are timely renewed, and the plants planted in the wetland are respectively maintained according to the ecological characteristics of the plants. The restoration method provided by the invention aims at the abandoned sand field in the alpine region to construct the ecological microtopography, so that the effects of purifying water quality, preventing water and soil loss and beautifying the landscape of the river bank are achieved, the pertinence is strong, the stability is good, the landscape is high, and the subsequent maintenance difficulty is small.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to an ecological restoration method for micro-topography of waste sand stopes of riparian zones in high-altitude areas.
Background
The existing technical methods for sand field ecological restoration in alpine regions are few, and particularly, the technical method for combining sand field ecological restoration with river bank protection construction is few.
The application provides an ecological restoration method for micro-topography of a waste sand pit in a bank area of a high-altitude area, and aims to solve the problem of ecological restoration of bare lands such as a wasteland and a sand pit left behind after sand mining of the waste sand pit in the bank area of the high-cold area, and the construction concept of a sponge city is utilized to carry out low-impact development and transformation on the bare lands through a series of ecological bank protection engineering, field leveling engineering and plant restoration engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ecological restoration method for micro-topography of a waste sand pit of a riparian zone in a high-altitude area aiming at the waste sand pit in the alpine region, aiming at constructing the ecological micro-topography so as to achieve the effects of purifying water quality, preventing water and soil loss and beautifying the landscape of the riparian.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an ecological restoration method for micro-topography of abandoned sand stopes of riparian zones in high-altitude areas comprises the following steps:
s1, building a revetment along a river channel: the revetment with the slope is built on two sides of the river channel respectively, and a gabion revetment is arranged at a slope toe of each revetment, so that the stability of the revetment structure is improved;
s2, newly building an ecological wetland: a plurality of small islands are piled up on a sand field river bed between a revetment and a river bank soil foundation by adopting gravel materials, soil is integrally covered, green plants are planted on the small islands, and emergent aquatic plants are planted in low-lying positions;
s3, ecological wetland water replenishing: the effluent of the sewage station is used as ecological water supplement of the wetland; specifically, water is introduced to a water inlet at the upstream of the wetland and enters from multiple points, so that the wetland is uniformly distributed, the fluidity of a water body is ensured, a water outlet is arranged at the downstream of the wetland, and a PE pipe is adopted for small fullness and natural overflow;
s4, maintenance of the water ecosystem: and in the wetland maintenance period, the damaged nursery stocks are timely renewed, and the plants planted in the wetland are respectively maintained according to the ecological characteristics of the plants.
Further limiting, in the step S1, building a right bank protection bank along the soil foundation of the right bank of the river channel; dredging on the river bed, filling sand gravel materials in a slope shape, sequentially laying geotextile and sand gravel cushion layers on the slope surface of the water-facing slope, laying a gabion facing surface on the sand gravel cushion layer, and arranging a concrete coping between the slope top of the water-facing slope and the adjacent edge of the river bank soil foundation.
Further limiting, when the right bank revetment is constructed, the dredging thickness on the riverbed is 0.8-1.2 m, the thickness of a gravel cushion layer is 8-12 cm, the slope of a water-facing slope is 1:1.5, the flood bank is at least 3.0m high, the slope top is at least 0.5m wide, and the foot protection embedded depth of the foot protection gabion is 1.4-1.8 m.
Further limiting, in the step S1, building a left bank protection along the left side of the river; the method comprises the following steps of dredging on a river bed, filling sand gravel materials in a trapezoid shape, sequentially laying geotextile and sand gravel cushion layers on the slope surfaces of a water-facing slope and a backwater slope, laying a gabion protective surface on the sand gravel cushion layers, and setting concrete coping on the slope tops of the water-facing slope and the backwater slope.
Further limiting, when the left bank revetment is constructed, the dredging thickness on the riverbed is 0.8-1.2 m, the thickness of a gravel cushion layer is 8-12 cm, the gradient of a water-facing slope is 1:1.5, the gradient of a backwater slope is 1:1, the height of the flood bank is at least 3.0m, and the buried depth of the toe guard gabion is 1.4-1.8 m.
And further limiting, filling soil on a riverbed close to the backwater slope of the left bank revetment to form a pool, and planting emergent aquatic plants on two sides of the pool.
Further, the maximum height of the gravel pack in S2 is 1.0m, and the thickness of the casing is 0.2 m.
And further limiting, the gabion protective surface and the gabion foot are both formed by the net cage and the block stone materials filled in the net cage, and after the net cage with the gabion protective surface and the gabion foot is placed in place, gravel materials are filled back into the net cage, so that the gravel materials are filled in gaps of the block stone materials.
Further limiting, the net cage is a hexagonal double-glued steel wire mesh which is formed by stranding Golgin coated plastic-plated steel bars with the diameter of 3.7mm, and a plurality of tie bars which are formed by plating Golgin coated plastic steel bars with the diameter of 3.0mm are adopted in the steel wire mesh for strengthening and fixing; specifically, a horizontal lacing wire is arranged in the net cage along the height direction every 20cm, each lacing wire takes two meshes as a distance, is tensioned inwards and twisted tightly, and is arranged in a shape like a Chinese character 'ba'.
Further defined, the particle size of the block stone material is larger than 12cm, and the relative density of the backfilled sand gravel material is not less than 0.75.
Further limiting, when the gabion protective surface and the gabion foot are installed, the net cages between the layers are crisscrossed, stacked and connected up and down; when the upper net cage is placed and bound, the upper net cage needs to be bound with a frame line or a net piece of the surface layer of the lower net cage, so that the net cages are connected into a whole, binding wire materials are consistent with net cage materials, the distance between binding points is not more than 20mm, partition plates and net cushions, the edge lines of cover plates and net cushions and the intersection lines between the net cushions and the net cushions need to be bound together completely, the edges of the adjacent check guest net cages are twisted together by long steel wires, and the edges are twisted by single and double steel wires at an interval of 10-15 cm.
According to the technical scheme, the ecological restoration method for the micro-topography of the waste sand pit of the riparian zone in the high-altitude area, provided by the invention, has the beneficial effects that: the sand field micro-terrain ecosystem reconstructed by the restoration method has multiple purposes of preventing water and soil loss, treating non-point source pollution, beautifying the landscape of the river bank and the like, and the greening demonstration project of the bare land of the river bank area is constructed aiming at the abandoned sand field in the alpine region, so that the effects of purifying water quality, preventing water and soil loss and beautifying the landscape of the river bank are achieved, and the sand field micro-terrain ecosystem has strong pertinence, good stability, high landscape and small subsequent maintenance difficulty.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the detailed description of the invention or the prior art will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the net cage of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the mechanical flanging of the net cage of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic mesh of the net cage of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an operational view of tie bars inside the net cage of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "left", "right", "top", "bottom", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1 to 5, an ecological restoration method for micro-topography of waste sand stopes of riparian zones in high altitude areas comprises the following steps:
s1, building a revetment along a river channel: the revetment with the slope is built on two sides of the river channel respectively, and a gabion revetment is arranged at a slope toe of each revetment, so that the stability of the revetment structure is improved;
s2, newly building an ecological wetland: a plurality of small islands are piled up on a sand field river bed between a revetment and a river bank soil foundation by adopting gravel materials, soil is integrally covered, green plants are planted on the small islands, and emergent aquatic plants are planted in low-lying positions;
s3, ecological wetland water replenishing: the effluent of the sewage station is used as ecological water supplement of the wetland; specifically, water is introduced to a water inlet at the upstream of the wetland and enters from multiple points, so that the wetland is uniformly distributed, the fluidity of a water body is ensured, a water outlet is arranged at the downstream of the wetland, and a PE pipe is adopted for small fullness and natural overflow;
s4, maintenance of the water ecosystem: and in the wetland maintenance period, the damaged nursery stocks are timely renewed, and the plants planted in the wetland are respectively maintained according to the ecological characteristics of the plants.
In this embodiment, in S1, a right bank protection is built along the soil bed of the right bank of the river; dredging on the river bed, filling sand gravel materials in a slope shape, sequentially laying geotextile and sand gravel cushion layers on the slope surface of the water-facing slope, laying a gabion facing surface on the sand gravel cushion layer, and arranging a concrete coping between the slope top of the water-facing slope and the adjacent edge of the river bank soil foundation.
In the embodiment, when the right bank revetment is constructed, the dredging thickness on the riverbed is 1.0m, the thickness of a gravel cushion layer is 10cm, the slope of the water-facing slope is 1:1.5, the height of the flood bank is 3.0m, the width of the slope top is 0.5m, and the foot-slope gabion foot-guard burial depth is 1.6 m.
In this embodiment, a left bank protection bank is built along the left side of the river course in S1; the method comprises the following steps of dredging on a river bed, filling sand gravel materials in a trapezoid shape, sequentially laying geotextile and sand gravel cushion layers on the slope surfaces of a water-facing slope and a backwater slope, laying a gabion protective surface on the sand gravel cushion layers, and setting concrete coping on the slope tops of the water-facing slope and the backwater slope.
In the embodiment, when the left bank revetment is constructed, the dredging thickness on the riverbed is 1.0m, the thickness of a gravel cushion layer is 10cm, the gradient of a water-facing slope is 1:1.5, the gradient of a backwater slope is 1:1, the height of a flood bank is 3.0m, and the foot-slope gabion foot-guard burial depth is 1.6 m.
In this embodiment, the bed near the back slope of the left bank revetment is filled with soil to form a pool, and emergent aquatic plants are planted on both sides of the pool.
In this embodiment, the maximum height of the island filled with gravel in S2 is 1.0m, and the thickness of the covering soil is 0.2 m.
In this embodiment, the stone cage protective surface and the stone cage protection feet are both formed by the net cage and the block stone materials filled in the net cage, and after the net cage with the stone cage protective surface and the stone cage protection feet is placed in place, gravel materials are filled back into the net cage, so that the gravel materials fill gaps of the block stone materials.
In the embodiment, the net cage is a hexagonal double-glued steel wire mesh which is formed by stranding Golgi plastic-plated steel bars with the diameter of 3.7mm, and a plurality of tie bars which are formed by plating Golgi plastic-plated steel bars with the diameter of 3.0mm are adopted in the steel wire mesh for strengthening and fixing; specifically, a horizontal lacing wire is arranged in the net cage along the height direction every 20cm, each lacing wire takes two meshes as a distance, is tensioned inwards and twisted tightly, and is arranged in a shape like a Chinese character 'ba'.
In the embodiment, when the gabion protective surface and the gabion foot are installed, the net cages between the layers are crisscrossed, stacked and connected up and down; when the upper net cage is placed and bound, the upper net cage needs to be bound with a frame line or a net piece of the surface layer of the lower net cage, so that the net cages are connected into a whole, binding wire materials are consistent with net cage materials, the distance between binding points is not more than 20mm, partition plates and net cushions, the edge lines of cover plates and net cushions and the intersection lines between the net cushions and the net cushions need to be bound together completely, the edges of the adjacent check guest net cages are twisted together by long steel wires, and the edges are twisted by single and double steel wires at an interval of 10-15 cm.
In the embodiment, the mesh size of the net cage of the gabion protective surface and the gabion foot is 100 x 80 x 50, the grain size of the block stone material is more than 12cm, and the relative density of the backfilled sand gravel material is not less than 0.75; the construction sequence of the gabion is as follows: weaving an iron wire net cage, preparing materials (stone special filler), paying off, placing a gabion and filling, wherein the method for manufacturing the gabion net cage refers to technical regulation of ecological grid structure (CECS-355: 2013)
The sand field micro-terrain ecosystem reconstructed by the restoration method has multiple purposes of preventing water and soil loss, treating non-point source pollution, beautifying the landscape of the river bank and the like, and the greening demonstration project of the bare land of the river bank area is constructed aiming at the abandoned sand field in the alpine region, so that the effects of purifying water quality, preventing water and soil loss and beautifying the landscape of the river bank are achieved, and the sand field micro-terrain ecosystem has strong pertinence, good stability, high landscape and small subsequent maintenance difficulty.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 6, the difference between the ecological remediation method for the micro-topography of the abandoned sand pit of the riparian zone in the high-altitude area and the embodiment 1 is that: and (3) covering soil on a river bed close to the back water slope of the left bank revetment to prepare a wetland, and planting emergent aquatic plants at a low-lying position of the wetland.
Claims (10)
1. An ecological restoration method for micro-topography of waste sand stopes of riparian zones in high altitude areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, building a revetment along a river channel: building revetments with slopes on two sides of a river channel respectively, and arranging gabion revetments at slope feet of each revetments;
s2, newly building an ecological wetland: a plurality of small islands are piled up on a sand field river bed between a revetment and a river bank soil foundation by adopting gravel materials, soil is integrally covered, green plants are planted on the small islands, and emergent aquatic plants are planted in low-lying positions;
s3, ecological wetland water replenishing: the effluent of the sewage station is used as ecological water supplement of the wetland;
s4, maintenance of the water ecosystem: and in the wetland maintenance period, the damaged nursery stocks are timely renewed, and the plants planted in the wetland are respectively maintained according to the ecological characteristics of the plants.
2. The ecological restoration method for the micro-topography of the abandoned sand pit of the riparian zone of the high-altitude area according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: building a right bank protection along the river bank soil foundation on the right side of the river channel in the S1; dredging on the river bed, filling sand gravel materials in a slope shape, sequentially laying geotextile and sand gravel cushion layers on the slope surface of the water-facing slope, laying a gabion facing surface on the sand gravel cushion layer, and arranging a concrete coping between the slope top of the water-facing slope and the adjacent edge of the river bank soil foundation.
3. The ecological restoration method for the micro-topography of the abandoned sand pit of the riparian zone of the high-altitude area according to claim 2, characterized in that: when the right bank revetment is constructed, the dredging thickness on a riverbed is 0.8-1.2 m, the thickness of a gravel cushion layer is 8-12 cm, the slope of a water-facing slope is 1:1.5, the height of a flood bank is at least 3.0m, the width of a slope top is at least 0.5m, and the embedding depth of slope foot gabion revetment is 1.4-1.8 m.
4. The ecological restoration method for the micro-topography of the abandoned sand pit of the riparian zone of the high-altitude area according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: building a left bank protection along the left side of the river course in the S1; the method comprises the following steps of dredging on a river bed, filling sand gravel materials in a trapezoid shape, sequentially laying geotextile and sand gravel cushion layers on the slope surfaces of a water-facing slope and a backwater slope, laying a gabion protective surface on the sand gravel cushion layers, and setting concrete coping on the slope tops of the water-facing slope and the backwater slope.
5. The ecological restoration method for the micro-topography of the abandoned sand pit of the riparian zone of the high-altitude area according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: when the left bank revetment is constructed, the dredging thickness on a riverbed is 0.8-1.2 m, the thickness of a gravel cushion layer is 8-12 cm, the gradient of a water-facing slope is 1:1.5, the gradient of a backwater slope is 1:1, the flood bank is at least 3.0m high, and the foot-slope gabion foot guard is embedded 1.4-1.8 m deep.
6. The ecological restoration method for the micro-topography of the abandoned sand pit of the riparian zone of the high-altitude area according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: and filling soil on a river bed close to the back water slope of the left bank revetment to form a pit, and planting emergent aquatic plants on two sides of the pit.
7. The ecological restoration method for the micro-topography of the abandoned sand pit of the riparian zone of the high-altitude area according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the maximum height of the island filled with gravel in the S2 is 1.0m, and the thickness of the covering soil is 0.2 m.
8. The ecological restoration method for the micro-terrain of the abandoned sand pit at the riparian zone of the high-altitude area according to claim 2 or 4, which is characterized in that: the stone cage protecting surface and the stone cage protecting feet are both formed by the net cage and the block stone materials filled in the net cage, and after the net cage with the stone cage protecting surface and the stone cage protecting feet is placed in place, the sand gravel materials are filled back into the net cage.
9. The ecological restoration method for the micro-topography of the abandoned sand pit of the riparian zone of the high-altitude area according to claim 8, characterized in that: the net cage is a hexagonal double-glued steel wire mesh which is formed by stranding plated Golgi plastic-coated steel bars with the diameter of 3.7mm, and a plurality of tie bars which are formed by plated Golgi plastic-coated steel bars with the diameter of 3.0mm are adopted inside the steel wire mesh to strengthen and fix.
10. The ecological restoration method for the micro-topography of the abandoned sand pit of the riparian zone of the high-altitude area according to claim 9, which is characterized in that: when the gabion protective surface and the gabion foot are installed, the net cages between the layers are crisscrossed, stacked and connected up and down.
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| CN113216078A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-08-06 | 朴草(重庆)生态环境科技有限公司 | Method for artificially repairing wind-blown wetland |
| CN113371944A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-09-10 | 广西壮族自治区自然资源生态修复中心 | Treatment method for high-density river channel development in villages |
| CN114215003A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-22 | 上海市园林设计研究总院有限公司 | Construction method of water and soil conservation ecological system during construction of landscape terrain in estuary region |
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| CN114982581B (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2023-09-26 | 海南省林业科学研究院(海南省红树林研究院) | Ecological restoration forestation method for wetland mangrove forest |
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Application publication date: 20210112 |
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