CN111011305A - Luke bird habitat restoration method based on pond-withdrawing forest-returning wet-returning engineering - Google Patents
Luke bird habitat restoration method based on pond-withdrawing forest-returning wet-returning engineering Download PDFInfo
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- CN111011305A CN111011305A CN201911362693.8A CN201911362693A CN111011305A CN 111011305 A CN111011305 A CN 111011305A CN 201911362693 A CN201911362693 A CN 201911362693A CN 111011305 A CN111011305 A CN 111011305A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recovering an aigrette bird habitat based on pond-withdrawing forest-returning wet engineering, which is used for recovering the aigrette bird habitat by withdrawing a pond according to the habitat structure of the fish pond and the requirements of aigrette birds on feeding, reproduction, concealment and migration, and comprises the following steps: habitat site selection requirement, fish pond habitat surrounding city, human interference radius and habitat patch scale control, water level regulation, barricade forest restoration, ecological island construction, beach land construction and ecological revetment design. Through the mode, the method for restoring the aigregatae bird habitat based on the pond-withdrawing forest-returning wet-returning engineering is used for effectively building the aigregatae bird habitat according to the ecological diversity principle, the bird inhabitation principle, the minimum interference principle and the minimum engineering quantity principle according to the early investigation and research foundation; meanwhile, the water level is controlled by combining the migration dynamics of the aigrette birds, the aigrette bird protection is assisted, and the method is particularly suitable for recovering and nursing the aigrette birds habitat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of bird habitat recovery methods, in particular to an aigrette bird habitat recovery method based on pond-withdrawing forest-returning wet-returning engineering.
Background
Lu family birds (Ardeidae) are large and medium-sized waders, inhabit in wetlands, mostly live in communities, find food together, gather nests and breed, Lu family birds mostly migrate, mostly feed on aquatic animals, move police, Lu family birds are important components of wetland ecosystem, can indicate change of wetland environmental characteristics and are widely concerned, at present, 17 Lu family birds belong to 62 Lu family birds in the world, and 9 Lu family birds belong to 20 birds in China.
The wetland is influenced by human activities mainly for lake surrounding and pond building, the wetland is faced with the problems of area reduction, habitat fragmentation, single habitat type, wetland vegetation shortage, biodiversity reduction and the like, the degradation of the wetland causes the reduction of the number of the Luke birds, some species are in an endangered state, in order to protect the ecological environment, pond retreating and forest returning and wetting engineering is carried out in many areas, and the opportunity is provided for the protection and recovery of the Luke birds.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing an aigrette bird habitat restoration method based on pond-withdrawing forest-returning wet-returning engineering.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts a technical scheme that:
the method for recovering the luke bird habitat based on the pond-withdrawing forest-returning wet-returning engineering comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: habitat site selection requirements: under normal conditions, the foraging range is centered on the aigrette bird habitat and has the radius of 8-10 km, and the foraging range is centered on the aigrette bird habitat and has the radius of 3-5 km in the breeding period;
step two: the fish pond habitat surrounding: performing ecological transformation on the pond ridge and the pool base, and recovering a proper waterfowl inhabiting space by using local breaking, cutting, widening and curvating modes;
step three: human interference radius and habitat plaque size control: the distance between the Luke bird breeding area and the artificial moving area isOver 50m, isolated by water area, and the area of continuous forest habitat perching plaque of Luke bird breeding area is more than 5000 m2；
Step four: water level regulation and control: the water level variation of the Luke bird habitat in the water-rich period and the water level variation in the dry-water period are 0.5 m, the water depth of the forest wetland is 0.3-0.5 m, the water depth of the herb marsh is 0.2-0.8 m, the water depth of the beach land in the water-rich period is 0.0-0.3 m, the water depth of the beach land in the dry-water period is 0m, the water depth of the deep pool in the water-rich period is 2.5-3.0 m, and the water depth of the deep pool in the dry-water period is 2.0-2.5 m;
step five: recovering the campsite forest: the nest-building forest plants comprise trees and shrubs suitable for the nest building and the perching of the Luke birds, the height of the tree plants of the nest-building of the Luke birds is higher than 5 m, the diameter of the tree plants is larger than 8 cm, and the branch branching angle of the trees is 50-90 degrees;
step six: constructing an ecological island: keeping original beaches and pond ridges, wherein the height of each plateau and each pond ridge is 1.0-2.0 m higher than the normal water level, arranging the terrains into a crescent shape, arranging shallow water beach land and gentle slope on the inner side of the crescent-shaped terrains, arranging a highland suitable for the growth of trees on the belly of the ecological island, and enabling the distance between the ecological island and the shore to be more than 400 m;
step seven: building a beach land: the beach is positioned at the periphery of the open shallow water surface and is enclosed by emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants, the base of the beach comprises silt and sand and stones convenient for the birds to stand, and the slope of the beach is 1: 10;
step eight: ecological revetment design: the revetment on the water surface is provided with a gentle slope and a soft slope, and is planted with a hygrophyte revetment, a bare beach and an epiphytic aquatic plant area with a set area are reserved, a bare mud beach is formed in a dry season, the slope is 1:10, a natural repose angle is adopted for slope placement on the revetment at the convex bank, vegetation is planted on the surface layer of the revetment, or fine sand and pebbles are laid to form a grass slope, a sand beach or a pebble beach, and a deep pool for a fish habitat is arranged at the concave bank.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the shrubs grow thick or the branches are barbed.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the trees comprise salix matsudana, populus idescens, populus maple, elm, zelkova, acacia, sapium sebiferum, metasequoia or pond fir.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the natural angle of repose is 30 °.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method organically combines the near natural directional recovery of the Lu family bird habitat with the gradual development of pond and forest withdrawal and wetting engineering in each region to construct a systematic method for protecting and recovering the Lu family bird habitat, and effectively builds the Lu family bird habitat according to early investigation and research foundation and according to the ecological diversity principle, the bird inhabitation principle, the minimum interference principle and the minimum engineering quantity principle; meanwhile, the water level is controlled by combining the migration dynamics of the aigrette birds, the aigrette bird protection is assisted, and the method is particularly suitable for recovering and nursing the aigrette birds habitat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
a method for restoring the habitat of Lu's birds based on the engineering of returning to a pond and returning to a forest and returning to a wet area includes such steps as solving ecological obstacles, rebuilding water network, restoring hydrologic connection, restoring and rebuilding the typical complete habitat of waterfowl composed of herbaceous marsh, forest marsh, beach, high-lying land, shallow beach, ecological island of marsh, nest forest, etc. according to the structural problem of fish pond and the requirement of Lu's birds on space for ingestion, reproduction, concealment and migration, building up large-scale habitat network and good niche.
An aigrette represented by an aigrette comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: habitat site selection requirements: under normal conditions, the foraging range is in a range with the habitat of the Lu-family birds as the center and the radius of 8-10 km, and the foraging range is in a range with the habitat of the Lu-family birds as the center and the radius of 3-5 km in the breeding period, so that the requirement of the foraging range on the position of the habitat to be recovered is fully considered when the position of the habitat to be recovered, particularly the breeding period, is selected, and the smooth completion of the feeding of the chicks is ensured.
Step two: the fish pond habitat surrounding: ecological transformation is carried out on the pond ridge and the pool foundation, engineering measures and wetland ecosystem restoration are combined, permeation communication, curved extension and habitat remodeling work on the hardened and closed boundaries is carried out by using local breaking, cutting, widening and curving modes, and a proper waterfowl inhabiting space and an elastic landscape interface are restored.
Step three: human interference radius and habitat plaque size control: the human interference radius of different animal groups is greatly different, the distance between the breeding areas of the aigrette birds and the artificial moving area is more than 50m, the breeding areas are isolated by water areas, and the areas of continuous forest habitat inhabiting plaques of the aigrette bird breeding areas are more than 5000 m2。
Step four: water level regulation and control: the water level variation of the Luke bird habitat in the water-rich period and the water level variation in the dry-water period are 0.5 m, the water depth of the forest wetland is 0.3-0.5 m, the water depth of the herb marsh is 0.2-0.8 m, the water depth of the beach land in the water-rich period is 0.0-0.3 m, the water depth of the beach land in the dry-water period is 0m, the water depth of the deep pool in the water-rich period is 2.5-3.0 m, and the water depth of the deep pool in the dry-water period is 2.0-2.5 m.
Step five: recovering the campsite forest: the nest-building forest plants comprise trees and shrubs suitable for the nest building and dwelling of the Lu-family birds, the shrubs are required to grow densely or have thorns on branches, the lusters build nests in the branches of the trees and dwell on the tops of the crowns, and the species of the lusters are selected in consideration of the following characteristics: the aigrette is a large and medium-sized wader, the adult aigrette generally reaches 350-750 g, the top of a crown can bear the mass of the aigrette, and the arbor plants of the nest of the aigrette birds are higher than 5 m, the diameter of the arbor plants is larger than 8 cm, and the arbor plants are high in hardness; the branches of the trees are convenient for aigrette nesting, because the aigrette nest has larger volume and the diameter is generally larger than 35 cm, the campshed tree species should select trees with harder branches and the bifurcation angle of generally 50-90 degrees, the crowns have better shading effect, and a relatively comfortable growing environment can be created for young birds; the arbor species can be selected from Salix alba, Populus chinensis, Pterocarya stenoptera, Ulmus pumila, Zelkova, Sophora japonica, Sapium sebiferum, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Populus sylvestris, etc.
Step six: constructing an ecological island: original beaches and pond banks are reserved, the height of each high beach and pond bank is 1.0-2.0 m higher than the normal water level, the terrains are arranged to form a crescent shape, shallow water beach land and gentle slope are arranged on the inner side of the crescent shape, a highland suitable for arbor growth is arranged on the belly of the ecological island, and the distance between the ecological island and the shore is larger than 400 m.
Step seven: building a beach land: the beach is mainly positioned at the periphery of a wider shallow water surface with a larger area and is enclosed by emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants, the base of the beach comprises silt and sand and stones convenient for the waders to stand, part of the sand and stones is added to facilitate the waders to stand, and the slope of the beach is 1: 10.
Step eight: ecological revetment design: the revetment at the large water surface is provided with a gentle slope and a soft slope, and is planted with a wet grass revetment, a bare beach and an epiphytic aquatic plant area with a set area are reserved, a bare mud beach is formed in a dry season, the slope is 1:10, the revetment at the convex bank is put on a slope by adopting a natural repose angle, the natural repose angle is 30 degrees, vegetation is planted on the surface layer of the revetment or fine sand and pebbles are paved to form a grass slope, a sand beach or a pebble beach, and a deep pool for a fish habitat is arranged at the concave bank.
Through reasonable habitat transformation and habitat conservation and restoration technology, the wetland ecosystem structure is effectively improved, a healthy water ecosystem is restored, wetland habitat diversity is built, and the method is suitable for effectively combining pond-retreating forest-returning and wetting engineering and aigrette bird habitat restoration.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for recovering an aigrette bird habitat based on pond-withdrawing forest-returning wet engineering is characterized in that according to the habitat structure of a fish pond and the requirements of aigrette birds on feeding, breeding, hiding and migration, the pond-withdrawing aigrette bird habitat recovery method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: habitat site selection requirements: under normal conditions, the foraging range is centered on the aigrette bird habitat and has the radius of 8-10 km, and the foraging range is centered on the aigrette bird habitat and has the radius of 3-5 km in the breeding period;
step two: the fish pond habitat surrounding: performing ecological transformation on the pond ridge and the pool base, and recovering a proper waterfowl inhabiting space by using local breaking, cutting, widening and curvating modes;
step three: human interference radius and habitat plaque size control: the distance between the Luke bird breeding area and the artificial moving area is more than 50m, and the Luke bird breeding area is isolated by water area, the area of continuous forest habitat perching plaque is more than 5000 m2；
Step four: water level regulation and control: the water level variation of the Luke bird habitat in the water-rich period and the water level variation in the dry-water period are 0.5 m, the water depth of the forest wetland is 0.3-0.5 m, the water depth of the herb marsh is 0.2-0.8 m, the water depth of the beach land in the water-rich period is 0.0-0.3 m, the water depth of the beach land in the dry-water period is 0m, the water depth of the deep pool in the water-rich period is 2.5-3.0 m, and the water depth of the deep pool in the dry-water period is 2.0-2.5 m;
step five: recovering the campsite forest: the nest-building forest plants comprise trees and shrubs suitable for the nest building and the perching of the Luke birds, the height of the tree plants of the nest-building of the Luke birds is higher than 5 m, the diameter of the tree plants is larger than 8 cm, and the branch branching angle of the trees is 50-90 degrees;
step six: constructing an ecological island: keeping original beaches and pond ridges, wherein the height of each plateau and each pond ridge is 1.0-2.0 m higher than the normal water level, arranging the terrains into a crescent shape, arranging shallow water beach land and gentle slope on the inner side of the crescent-shaped terrains, arranging a highland suitable for the growth of trees on the belly of the ecological island, and enabling the distance between the ecological island and the shore to be more than 400 m;
step seven: building a beach land: the beach is positioned at the periphery of the open shallow water surface and is enclosed by emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants, the base of the beach comprises silt and sand and stones convenient for the birds to stand, and the slope of the beach is 1: 10;
step eight: ecological revetment design: the revetment on the water surface is provided with a gentle slope and a soft slope, and is planted with a hygrophyte revetment, a bare beach and an epiphytic aquatic plant area with a set area are reserved, a bare mud beach is formed in a dry season, the slope is 1:10, a natural repose angle is adopted for slope placement on the revetment at the convex bank, vegetation is planted on the surface layer of the revetment, or fine sand and pebbles are laid to form a grass slope, a sand beach or a pebble beach, and a deep pool for a fish habitat is arranged at the concave bank.
2. The method for restoring the habitat of aigrette birds based on pond-returning forest-returning wet engineering according to claim 1, wherein the shrubs grow densely or have thorns on branches.
3. The method for restoring aigrette bird habitat based on pond-retreating forest-returning wet engineering according to claim 1, wherein the trees comprise salix matsudana, populus idescens, populus pterocarpa, elm, zelkova schneideriana, sophora japonica, sapium sebiferum, metasequoia or pond fir.
4. The method for restoration of aigrette bird habitat based on pond-retreating forest-returning wet engineering according to claim 1, wherein the natural angle of repose is 30 °.
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| CN113045139A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-29 | 中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所 | Ecological restoration method for lugu lake big grass sea degraded wetland |
| CN113615495A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-11-09 | 南大（常熟）研究院有限公司 | Bird habitat restoration method based on eco-friendly planting |
| CN114711100A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-07-08 | 成都环美园林生态股份有限公司 | Wetland anseriformes order anatidae bird habitat restoration method |
| CN114586739A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-06-07 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for constructing artificial breeding farm of amphibian and artificial breeding farm |
| CN114586739B (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-11-29 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for constructing artificial breeding farm of amphibian and artificial breeding farm |
| CN115443856A (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2022-12-09 | 江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区管理处 | Method for constructing bird habitat of coastal beach wetland |
| CN115443856B (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2024-02-20 | 江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区管理处 | Construction method of bird habitat of coastal beach wetland |
| CN117280906A (en) * | 2023-11-27 | 2023-12-26 | 中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所 | Ecological restoration method for coastal beach wetland-related bird habitat |
| CN117280906B (en) * | 2023-11-27 | 2024-02-02 | 中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所 | Ecological restoration method for coastal beach wetland-related bird habitat |
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