CN101078205A - Reservoir bank ecological protection system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an eco-protection system in buffer zone of reservoir, comprising forest-grass protection zone at the top of bank, ecological protection zone at the slope of bank and protection zone on the beach. The forest-grass protection zone comprises reservoir ecological protective forest zone at the front end and interception ditch. The reservoir ecological protective forest zone at the front end is built in the belt zone at the top of bank. The interception ditch extends along the bank shoulder and gravel is put in groove to protect flush. The bank slop protection comprises strengthening structure of multi-layer composite geo-textile and interlayer shrub. The foundation of bank slope adopts tamping earth mixing sandy gravel and the slope foot is rubble mound. The mound is protected at the side by plants. The protection zone on the beach comprises protective forest zone on the beach, vegetation anti-scour stone cage and wetland vegetation zone in shallow water zone from top to bottom. The vegetation anti-scour stone cage is formed by long-cage geotechnical grille with gravel and living willow pile. The invention can be widely applied in ecological protection and restoration in buffer zone of reservoir, lakeside zone and riverside zone. It is provided with notable economical benefit and ecological benefit.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of reservoir bank ecological protection system, belong to the water and soil conservation and the ecological protection field in shore, storehouse, lakeside, area, riverbank.
Two, background technology
Shore, storehouse band is the abbreviation of the ecological staggered band in reservoir land and water (aquatic-terrestrialecotone), is a kind of very important ecotone between reservoir aquatic ecosystem, terrestrial ecosystems, and similar intermediate zone also has lakeside band, Riparian Zone etc.Shore, storehouse band in water conservation, keep bio-diversity and all there is crucial effect aspects such as the ecological homeostasis and eco-tour, be the natural protection barrier of reservoir, be the important component part of the healthy reservoir area ecosystem.This zone enters the reservoir area water body for control reservoir periphery non-point source nutriment and improves water body self-purification ability and plays a part very crucially, and reservoir area periphery non-point pollution thing generally needs just can enter reservoir water body through shore, storehouse band.
The reservoir bank ecological system is extremely responsive to mankind's activity.Because China ploughs, forest land resource lacks, the phenomenon that shore, storehouse band generally all exists the excessive reclamation of wasteland, overgraze and cuts trees excessively, vegetation is destroyed, and the storehouse bank caves in, soil erosion, the ecosystem is degenerated, and causes the reservoir Ecological environment worsening.
Three, summary of the invention
The present invention adopts the ecological engineering measure according to the years of researches test result, prevents bank erosion, optimizes the reservoir bank ecological structure, recovers shore, the storehouse ecosystem and water body purification function.
Technical scheme of the present invention is, a kind of reservoir bank ecological protection system is provided, and is made of bank top woods grass buffer zone, bank slope ecological protection band and beach buffer zone three parts.
Wherein, bank top woods grass buffer zone comprises ecological protection forest belt, shore, front end storehouse and intercepting drain, ecological protection forest belt construction scope in shore, described front end storehouse is outer 20～30 meters wide belt-like zones in bank top, the engineering form is that dungarunga, shrub and drought-enduring grass seeds are the woods straw cord of main body, and floristics comprises dry land willow, elm, Chinese tamarisk, sea-buckthorn, jujube tree, twists drought-enduring anti-, barren, adaptable indigenous trees such as bar, wool top, wild jujube, ansu apricot and arbor-vitae; The littoral shoulder of described intercepting drain extends, and groove shop rubble erosion control holds back on the bank that non-point source is contaminated to come water, and stays a drainage gallery every 200 meters, and water conservancy diversion enters shore, water storehouse band.
Bank slope ecological protection band is the core of whole reservoir bank ecological protection system, is guarantee and prerequisite that shore, storehouse ecological protection system is normally brought into play effect.The mode that the present invention takes ecological technique to combine with protective slope structure by making up storehouse bank ecological protection structure, to stablize the storehouse bank, prevents further developing of reservoir bank slump.Bank slope protection adopts composite geotextile to wrap up in native compaction in layers and in interlayer heeling-in shrub.Composite geotextile is inner opening " mouth " font, inner earth filling tamping, stepped stacked rising, floor height 40～60cm, each layer by layer between from low to high respectively heeling-in possess certain storm resistance anti-ly flood plant, land and water two living plant and drought enduring plants, as: salix monogolica, Chinese tamarisk, elm, wild jujube etc., the plant root of institute's heeling-in must be more than the contact soil 20cm.The bank slope basis is adopted and is mixed native sandy gravel compacting, mixes soil amount 30% (volume ratio), basic thick 100cm.Toe riprap protection, jackstone are banded four jiaos of bodies, and bottom width 300cm, high 100cm, stone are grating cobble or the piece stone of particle diameter 15～50cm, the protection of planting seedlings of spats side.
The beach buffer zone comprises beach shelter belt, vegetation erosion control gabion and phytal zone hygrophilous vegetation band from high to low, and this part is positioned on the staggered beach in land and water that landform is mild at the bottom of the bank, influenced significantly by fluctuation in stage.Waterlogging shrubs such as beach shelter belt plantation salix monogolica, Chinese tamarisk, purple willow, purple willow, dry land willow work the wave effect of cutting.Vegetation erosion control gabion is made of the long cage shape geo-grid and the stake of live body willow of interior dress cobble, and the geo-grid gabion plays anti-scour effect, and the willow stake survives and forms a row willow wall, works wave, the short silt effect of cutting.Phytal zone hygrophilous vegetation band plantation reed, cattail, submerged plant etc. recover shore, storehouse ecology, the pollution of interception warehouse-in and improve the water body purification function.
Reservoir bank ecological protection system provided by the invention, engineering measure and biological control measure combine, have water source self-restraint, damming purifies surface flow, alleviates pollution of area source and bank slope protection function, make impaired or degraded ecosystem reconstruct, restorative reservoir bank ecological system architecture function, simple in structure, reduced investment, ecological effect are remarkable, can be widely used in the ecological protection and the ecological recovery of shore, storehouse band, lakeside band, Riparian Zone, have remarkable economic efficiency and ecological benefits.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is reservoir bank ecological protection system typical module figure
Among the figure: A is a bank top woods grass buffer zone, and B is bank slope (bank slump) ecological protection band, and C is the beach buffer zone, 1 for holding back ditch, and 2 is composite geotextile, and 3 plant seedlings for bank slope, 4 is the bank slope basis, and 5 is piece stone spats, and 6 plant seedlings for spats, 7 is the beach shelter belt, 8 are T-shape protection osiery, and 9 is the stake of gabion live body willow, and 10 is erosion control geo-grid gabion, 11 is phytal zone hygrophilous vegetation band, and 12 is ordinary water level.
Five, the specific embodiment
Reservoir bank ecological protection system is made of bank top woods grass buffer zone A, bank slope ecological protection band B and beach buffer zone C three parts.
Bank top woods grass buffer zone A comprises ecological protection forest belt, shore, front end storehouse and intercepting drain 1, be the peripheral barrier of shore, storehouse ecological protection system, major function comprises water and soil conservation, reduction warehouse-in silt, damming purifies surface flow, reduces non-point source warehouse-in contaminant capacity, recovery and improve the reservoir bank ecological environment.
Ecological protection forest belt, shore, described front end storehouse project content is to build Qiao, filling, the three-dimensional friendship zone of vegetation of mixing of grass, and the construction scope is the outer wide belt-like zone of 20～30m in bank top, extends along storehouse bank length.Because of bank top land occupation condition comparatively abominable, that shelter-forest is preferentially selected for use is drought-enduring, impoverishment tolerant, adaptable indigenous tree, concrete floristics comprises dry land willow, elm, Chinese tamarisk, sea-buckthorn, jujube tree, twists bar, wool top, wild jujube, ansu apricot and arbor-vitae etc., tall, the mixed friendship of shrub that plant growing adopts, herbosa is by wild naturally.
According to the difference of function and land occupation condition, shelter-forest is divided into shore protection band and two levels of buffer protection band again, adopts different tree arrangement patterns respectively:
(1) shore protection band
In the outer 6m scope of bank shoulder alignment, based on shore protection, anti-collapse, this zone forest is selected fast living, deep-rootedness seeds substantially for use, specifically adopts wild jujube, American elm, false indigo and locust tree to mix and hands over, and considers storehouse bank protection effect, adopts the dense planting mode of 1 * 2m and 2 * 2m.
(2) buffer protection band
The buffer protection band is positioned at the shore protection band outside, and mean breadth is 16m, outside the basic function that satisfies protection isolation, vegetation recovery, according to the emphasis difference, can consider to build following three kinds of dissimilar buffer protection bands.
A. protection type
The compliance of planting is strong, the vanguard tree seed rapidly of growing, and the off coast side forms shelter belt fast in the storehouse, holds back the function of non-point pollution thing to play isolation, solid soil, quick restore vegetation and reduction.This part is far away apart from the water surface, adopts drought-enduring, impoverishment tolerant seeds construction shelter-forest (table 1).
Table 1 protection mode storehouse bank buffer protection woods construction mode
| Type | Seeds (combination) | Pattern of mixture, ratio | Seeding row spacing (m * m) |
| Arbor pure forest shrub pure forest mixes hands over | Locust tree wild jujube locust tree, arbor-vitae | // band shape, 60%, 40% | 2×2 1×1 2×3 |
B. ecological recovery type
Stablize natural vegetation group according to the project district and carry out woods grass configuration, for example: arbor is selected dry land willow for use, and elm etc., shrub select wild jujube for use, twist wild seeds such as bar, and grass seeds is being introduced a fine variety on the main grass seeds basis such as pin lance, to revert to the master naturally.This kind shelter-forest pattern adopts the local vegetational type of simulation mode, with the stable shelterbelt network (table 2) of quick formation.
Table 2 ecological recovery pattern storehouse bank buffer protection woods construction mode
| Type | Seeds | Ratio | Planting density |
| Dungarunga shrub meadow | Elm, dry land willow wild jujube, caragana microphylla, wild winter daphne pin lance, reed | 1∶1 1∶1∶1 2∶1 | Rare woods, spacing 5～6m dense planting, 1.5m * 1.5m sowing, 12g/m 2 |
C. economical
From the local economy situation, the economic tree of the suitable local environment conditions such as jujube tree, sea-buckthorn of suitably planting is set up shore, the economical storehouse shelter-forest of sustainable development, reaches fwaater resources protection as far as possible and (table 3) distributed in economic development rationally.
Table 3 economic model storehouse bank buffer protection woods is built form
| Type | Seeds | Seeding row spacing (m * m) |
| Pure forest pure forest pure forest | Jujube tree ansu apricot sea- | 2×3 2×2 2×2 |
Described intercepting drain 1 is positioned at the bank top, and apart from bank shoulder 2.5m, littoral shoulder direction extends in parallel.According to catchment area, the intercepting drain 1 general top width 1.2m that adopts, dark 0.4m, the groove of arc-shaped sections, ditch trough rim wall are spread the thick 10cm rubble of one deck particle diameter 1～3cm erosion control, and reserve a drainage gallery every 200m.Non-point source is contaminated to be come water to hold back through ecological protection forest belt, shore, front end storehouse to purify after intercepting drain 1 water conservancy diversion enters shore, water storehouse band further purifies.
Bank slope ecological protection band B is the core of whole reservoir bank ecological protection system, is guarantee and prerequisite that shore, storehouse ecological protection system is normally brought into play effect.The mode that the present invention takes ecological technique to combine with novel protective slope structure by making up storehouse bank ecological protection structure, to stablize the storehouse bank, prevents further developing of reservoir bank slump.Bank slope protection adopts composite geotextile 2 to wrap up in native compaction in layers and in interlayer heeling-in shrub 3.The sandy gravel compacting is adopted on bank slope basis 4, and compactness is not less than 95%, basic thick 100cm, wide 1.7m.The top, basis is stepped stacked vegetation composite geotextile ecological revetment structure, constitute by MULTILAYER COMPOSITE geotextile reinforcement and interlayer shrub, each layer composite geotextile reinforcement is inner opening " mouth " font, shop fixtures portion of elder generation composite geotextile 2 during construction, lay width 1.5m, on backfill loam compacting, compactness is not less than 90%, backfill floor height 40～60cm, compacting is cut the back, slope by composite geotextile 2 outer wrapping up in, top composite geotextile 2 presses the buried depth degree to be not less than 3.5m, each layer composite geotextile reinforcement interlayer heeling-in shrub 3, from low to high respectively heeling-in possess certain storm resistance anti-ly flood plant, land and water two living plant and drought enduring plants, as: salix monogolica, Chinese tamarisk, elm, wild jujubes etc., the plant root of institute's heeling-in must be more than the contact soil 20cm.The toe riprap protection forms piece stone spats 5, and jackstone is banded four jiaos of bodies, and bottom width 300cm, high 100cm, stone are grating cobble or the piece stone of particle diameter 5～50cm.
Beach buffer zone C comprises beach shelter belt 7, vegetation erosion control gabion and phytal zone hygrophilous vegetation band 11 from high to low, this part is positioned on the staggered beach in land and water that landform is mild at the bottom of the bank, belong to reservoir and forever flood shallow water band and the frequent fluctuation zone of water level, influenced significantly by fluctuation in stage, its major function is for recovery and improve the reservoir bank ecological environment, cut down the warehouse-in pollution of area source, utilize beach shrub forest belt, erosion control gabion and emergent vegetation zone to absorb Wave energy simultaneously, alleviate erosion damage bank slope.
Described beach shelter belt is to build 10～15 meters wide shrub beach wave resistance forest belt 7 at toe along the storehouse bank, and waterlogging shrubs such as plantation salix monogolica, Chinese tamarisk, purple willow, purple willow, dry land willow work the wave effect of cutting.
At 7 outsides, toe shrub wave resistance forest belt plantation beach wave resistance shrub zone 8, adopt dry land willow to cut and do the "T"-shaped protection osiery of building wide 8m, with the effect of further fortification of plants wave resistance bank protection perpendicular to water front.Beach wave resistance shrub zone 8 is parallel to toe shrub wave resistance forest belt 7, plants purple willow, Chinese tamarisk, purple willow etc. respectively.
Phytal zone hygrophilous vegetation band 11 is positioned at beach wave resistance shrub zone 8 outsides, plantation reed, cattail, submerged plant etc., and planting density is 6～9 strains/m
2Phytal zone hygrophilous vegetation band 11 plays and recovers shore, storehouse ecology, the pollution of interception warehouse-in and improve the water body purification function.By the direct nutrient such as absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus from lake water of water plant, reduce the eutrophication level of reservoir water body, and the results by wetland plant, increase the output of pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus; Can set up the water plant resource contention mechanism that suppresses algae, the predation mechanism of periphyton food web, suppress phytal zone, limit, storehouse algal grown, avoid wawter bloom to take place, the water plant surface fully contacts with lake water, has the purification function that is similar to " biomembrane ", by the pollutant in surface absorption and all clump action of microorganisms decomposition and inversion reservoir area water body.
Vegetation erosion control gabion is between above-mentioned beach Liu Gan wave resistance forest belt 8 and phytal zone hygrophilous vegetation band 11, two-way geo-grid 10 of long cage shape and live body willow stake 9 by interior dress cobble constitute, geo-grid gabion 10 plays anti-scour effect, and willow stake 9 survives and forms a row willow wall, works the wave effect that disappears.The dense vegetation that grows thickly in band SEA LEVEL VARIATION district, shore, storehouse has the short effect of becoming silted up of wave absorption, is aided with the erosion control gabion again, can effectively alleviate wave directly washing away the storehouse bank.
Reservoir bank ecological protection system to pollution of area source to hold back purification process as follows:
Upstream surface flow → bank top woods grass buffer zone → bank slope ecological protection band → beach buffer zone → warehouse-in.
Claims (2)
1. a reservoir bank ecological protection system is characterized in that, is made of bank top woods grass buffer zone, bank slope ecological protection band and beach buffer zone three parts.
Wherein, described bank top woods grass buffer zone comprises ecological protection forest belt, shore, front end storehouse and intercepting drain, ecological protection forest belt construction scope in shore, described front end storehouse is outer 20～30 meters wide belt-like zones in bank top, the engineering form is that dungarunga, shrub and drought-enduring grass seeds are the woods straw cord of main body, floristics is drought-enduring anti-, barren, adaptable indigenous tree, comprises dry land willow, elm, Chinese tamarisk, sea-buckthorn, jujube tree, twists bar, wool top, wild jujube, ansu apricot and arbor-vitae etc.; The littoral shoulder of described intercepting drain extends, and groove is spread the rubble erosion control, and stays a drainage gallery every 200 meters.
The mode that described bank slope ecological protection band takes ecological technique to combine with protective slope structure, make up storehouse bank ecological protection structure, bank slope protection is made of MULTILAYER COMPOSITE geotextile reinforcement and interlayer shrub, each layer composite geotextile reinforcement is inner opening " コ " font, inner earth filling tamping, stepped stacked rising, floor height 40～60cm, each layer composite geotextile reinforcement interlayer from low to high respectively heeling-in possess certain anti-unrestrained ability anti-ly flood plant, land and water two livings plant and drought enduring plants, the plant root of institute's heeling-in must contact more than the soil 20cm.The bank slope basis is adopted and is mixed native sandy gravel compacting, mixes soil amount 30% (volume ratio), and compacting back thickness is 100cm.Toe is a piece stone spats, the about 300cm of spats bottom width, and high about 100cm, stone is grating cobble or the piece stone of particle diameter 15～50cm, the protection of planting seedlings of spats side.
Described beach buffer zone comprises beach shelter belt, vegetation erosion control gabion and phytal zone hygrophilous vegetation band from high to low, and waterlogging shrubs such as described beach shelter belt plantation salix monogolica, Chinese tamarisk, purple willow, purple willow, dry land willow work the wave effect of cutting.Vegetation erosion control gabion is made of the long cage shape geo-grid and the stake of live body willow of interior dress cobble, and the geo-grid gabion plays anti-scour effect, and the willow stake survives and forms a row willow wall, works wave, the short silt effect of cutting.Phytal zone hygrophilous vegetation band plantation reed, cattail, submerged plant recover shore, storehouse ecology, the pollution of interception warehouse-in and improve the water body purification function.
2. reservoir bank ecological protection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the inner earth filling tamping of described each layer composite geotextile reinforcement, and compactness is not less than 90%.
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