CN110589980A - A multi-stage ecological revetment purification system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-stage ecological revetment purification system, which includes the first-level ecological revetment, the second-level ecological revetment, the first-level ecological revetment, the second-level ecological revetment, the N-level ecological From revetment to level N+1 ecological revetment, where N is a positive integer not less than 2; each level of ecological revetment is provided with a planting layer and a substrate layer, the planting layer is set above the substrate layer, and planting layers are planted with Plants; the material of the matrix layer is sand and gravel; the first-level ecological revetment, the second-level ecological revetment...the material of the planting layer in the N-level ecological revetment is planting soil, and the N+1-level ecological revetment The material of the middle planting layer is mixed substrate; each level of adjacent ecological revetment is connected through the outlet pipe, and the outlet pipe is horizontally inserted in the substrate layer. Through the above method, the present invention can realize the effect of denitrification and dephosphorization of rainwater, and improve the purification function of runoff rainwater.

Description

A multi-stage ecological revetment purification system

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of river bank purification, in particular to a multi-stage ecological revetment purification system.

Background technique

At present, water bodies such as lakes and rivers in my country are polluted to varying degrees, mainly from non-point source pollution. Due to the application of various nitrogen scale fertilizers in the process of agricultural production, a large part of them enters the river through surface runoff, resulting in eutrophication of the river water; waste and sewage from poultry and animal husbandry are discharged in an unorganized manner. After these pollutants enter the water body, the water quality will be affected. deterioration.

In order to protect and manage the natural riparian zone, restore and rebuild the riparian zone severely damaged by human activities, the construction of ecological revetment is the development trend of modern river management. At present, my country's bank revetment has also begun to develop towards an ecological type. Vegetation revetment is mostly used in combination with other types of revetment. In consideration of beautifying the environment and improving water quality, various ecological revetments have been formed. At present, the common ecological revetment modes mainly include gabion revetment, three-dimensional geonet revetment, geogrid stone mat, media screen revetment, ecological concrete revetment, chain-locking ecological brick revetment, planting groove revetment, etc.

Although our country adopts this kind of revetment method to remediate river and lake slopes, and has achieved certain results, but also found some problems. For example, due to the limited space of the existing river channel, some bank revetments are vertically hardened, so it is difficult to carry out ecological transformation, and there is no purification function for the runoff rainwater entering the river channel; some ecological bank revetment structures are mainly suitable for slope-type bank revetment structures with wide river channel construction sites, It occupies a large area, which increases the difficulty and cost of construction; the ability to intercept and degrade pollutants and hydraulic load is generally low, and the ability to collect and purify urban rainfall runoff non-point source pollution is also weak.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem mainly solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-stage ecological revetment purification system, which can realize the effect of denitrification and dephosphorization of rainwater, and improve the purification function of runoff rainwater.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:

A multi-level ecological revetment purification system, from the direction away from the river to the direction close to the river, it includes the first level of ecological revetment, the second level of ecological revetment, the first level of ecological revetment, the second level of ecological revetment ... Nth level ecological revetment to Nth level +1 level ecological revetment, where N is a positive integer not less than 2;

Each level of ecological revetment is provided with a planting layer and a matrix layer, the planting layer is arranged above the matrix layer, and plants are planted on the planting layer; the material of the matrix layer is sand and gravel; Describe the first-level ecological revetment, the second-level ecological revetment...the material of the planting layer in the N-level ecological revetment is planting soil, and the material of the planting layer in the N+1-level ecological revetment is a mixed matrix;

Each level of adjacent ecological revetment is connected by an outlet pipe, and the outlet pipe is horizontally inserted in the substrate layer, between the water outlet end of the outlet pipe in the N-1st grade ecological revetment and the planting layer of the Nth grade There is a distance between them in the vertical direction.

Preferably, the side wall of each level of ecological revetment is provided with a water hole, and the water hole is arranged above the planting layer.

Preferably, trees are planted on the planting layer in the first-level ecological revetment, shrubs are planted on the planting layer in the N-th level ecological revetment, and herbs are planted on the planting layer in the N+1-th level ecological revetment.

Preferably, the matrix layer includes a sand layer and a gravel layer, the material of the sand layer is sand, the material of the gravel layer is gravel, and the thickness of the gravel layer is greater than that of the sand layer.

Preferably, the planting layer in the N+1th level ecological revetment is provided with a connecting pipe, and a strip-shaped water-absorbing strip is arranged in the connecting pipe, and one end of the water-absorbing strip is buried in the planting layer in the N+1-level ecological revetment. In the layer, the other end of the water-absorbing strip extends into the water surface of the river, and the material of the water-absorbing strip is cotton or hemp.

Preferably, the mixed substrate includes straw, fermented sludge, wood chips, vermiculite and fermented manure, and the weight ratio thereof is 1:1:1.5:0.2:0.2.

Preferably, the particle size of the vermiculite is 1cm-2cm.

Preferably, the moisture content of the fermented sludge is 40%-60%.

Preferably, the mixed matrix further includes earthworms, and the density of the earthworms in the mixed matrix is 40 to 50 earthworms/m3.

Preferably, small holes are evenly opened on the side wall and the top of the water outlet pipe.

Due to the application of the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

Provides a multi-level ecological revetment purification system, which can effectively ensure the purification effect of rainwater before entering the river. It integrates plant system, animal system and microbial system, and can realize ecosystem stability, rainwater purification, landscape greening, and animal habitat space. and other multiple functions. There is a vertical distance between the outlet pipe and the substrate layer of the next level of ecological revetment, so as to realize the natural oxygenation of the rainwater falling step by step, and at the same time ensure that the rainwater enters the substrate layer to complete the corresponding aerobic, facultative and anaerobic processes, which can realize the protection of rainwater The effect of denitrification and phosphorus removal can be improved, and the purification function of runoff rainwater can be improved.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a multi-stage ecological revetment purification system of the present invention.

Explanation of reference signs:

First level ecological revetment 1, second level ecological revetment 2, third level ecological revetment 3, planting layer 4, sand layer 5, gravel layer 6, outlet pipe 7, water hole 8, connecting pipe 9, water absorption strip 10 , river course 11, curb stone 12.

Detailed ways

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, so as to define the protection scope of the present invention more clearly.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, a multi-level ecological revetment purification system includes first-level ecological revetment 1, second-level ecological revetment 2, which are closely connected from the direction away from the river 11 to the direction close to the river 11, and the height is successively reduced... From the Nth level ecological revetment to the N+1st level ecological revetment, where N is a positive integer not less than 2. That is to say, the multi-level ecological revetment purification system includes at least three ecological revetments to realize a comprehensive ecological system. The multi-level ecological revetment system is the product of the development of river control engineering to a relatively advanced stage, and it is the need of modern people to live in harmony with nature. It can not only form a harmonious river landscape with the surrounding environment, enhance the continuity of the habitat of animals and plants on the bank, but also provide a good place for people to rest and entertain, and enhance the taste of the entire city.

Each level of ecological revetment is provided with a planting layer 4 and a matrix layer, and the planting layer 4 is set above the matrix layer. The above-mentioned heights decrease in turn. It can be understood that the matrix layer of the first level of ecological revetment 1 is higher than that of the second level of ecological revetment 2 The planting layer 4... The substrate layer of the N-level ecological revetment is higher than the planting layer 4 of the N+1-level ecological revetment.

Plants are planted on the planting layer 4, and trees can be planted on the planting layer 4 in the first-level ecological revetment 1, shrubs can be planted on the planting layer 4 in the N-level ecological revetment, and the planting in the N+1-level ecological revetment Plant herbs on layer 4. Trees, shrubs, and vegetation are selected as plants of different levels of ecological revetment. The plants transport oxygen to the root system through the hollow tissue, providing an aerobic environment for the planting layer 4 in the entire system; the uneven spatial arrangement of plants builds a good ecological landscape , providing leisure places and beautiful enjoyment for nearby residents. Through the system of trees, shrubs and grasses, multiple functions such as ecosystem stability, rainwater purification, landscape greening, and animal habitat space can be realized.

The first-level ecological revetment 1, the second-level ecological revetment 2...The material of the planting layer 4 in the N-level ecological revetment is planting soil, and the material of the planting layer 4 in the N+1-level ecological revetment is a mixed matrix . The substrate layer is made of sand and gravel. The matrix layer includes a sand layer 5 and a gravel layer 6 , the material of the sand layer 5 is sand, the material of the gravel layer 6 is gravel, and the thickness of the gravel layer 6 is greater than that of the sand layer 5 . Choose planting soil, sand, gravel, etc. as fillers, planting soil as the substrate for plant growth, slow down surface runoff, and prevent soil erosion; sand and gravel have good hydraulic conductivity, easy to form biofilm on the surface, and are easy to obtain materials, economical Be applicable.

The mixed substrate is a solid mixture, which includes straw, fermented sludge, wood chips, vermiculite and fermented manure, and its weight ratio is 1:1:1.5:0.2:0.2. Among them, the particle size of the vermiculite can be selected to be 1cm-2cm, and the moisture content of the fermented sludge is 40%-60%. The animal system + microbial system is realized through the mixed matrix, which integrates the plant system, animal system and microbial system, so as to effectively ensure the purification effect of rainwater before entering the river channel 11.

The mixed substrate also includes earthworms, and the density of earthworms in the mixed substrate is 40 to 50/cubic. Introducing earthworms into the mixed substrate layer, earthworms have a synergistic symbiosis with microorganisms in the biological treatment system, and vermicompost also provides a good living substrate for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. During the foraging process, earthworms move up and down, which loosens the filler and keeps it in a good ventilation environment, which is conducive to the further degradation of pollutants.

The planting layer 4 in the N+1th grade ecological revetment is provided with a connecting pipe 9, and a long water-absorbing strip 10 is arranged inside the communicating pipe 9, and the material of the water-absorbing strip 10 is cotton or hemp. One end of the water-absorbing strip is buried in the planting layer of the N+1-level ecological revetment, and the other end of the water-absorbing strip extends into the water surface of the river. The N+1 level ecological revetment is an ecological revetment directly connected to the river channel 11. Due to the capillary action, the water absorbing strip 10 automatically absorbs water and transmits it to the substrate layer in the N+1 grade ecological revetment, keeping the mixed substrate layer in a wet state, thereby ensuring the introduction Normal life activities of earthworms in the substrate layer.

Each level of adjacent ecological revetment is connected through the outlet pipe 7, and the outlet pipe 7 is horizontally inserted in the substrate layer. There is a distance between them in the vertical direction. Through this vertical distance, the rainwater will fall from the outlet pipe 7 from the N-1 level ecological revetment to the N-level ecological revetment to realize the natural oxygenation of the rainwater falling step by step, and at the same time ensure that the rainwater enters the matrix layer to complete the corresponding Aerobic, facultative and anaerobic processes can achieve nitrogen and phosphorus removal effects on rainwater.

Outlet pipe 7 plays the effect of collecting rainwater simultaneously, can be evenly provided with small hole on the side wall and top of water outlet pipe 7, and small hole is through hole, is convenient to the effective collection of filtered rainwater, and can keep the moisture content of matrix layer.

The side wall of each level of ecological revetment is provided with a water hole 8, and the water hole 8 is set above the planting layer 4, so that excess rainwater can directly enter the next level of ecological revetment through the water hole 8, which not only alleviates the impact of rain on the ecological revetment. impact, and avoiding long-term submersion of plants in rainwater is not conducive to plant growth, thus helping to play the role of revetment in purification and ecological landscape.

Taking N as 2 as an example, that is, taking the multi-level ecological revetment purification system including the third-level ecological revetment as an example: rainwater enters the first-level ecological revetment 1 through surface runoff and curb stones 12, and the first-level ecological revetment 1 is from top to bottom It is divided into three layers, which are respectively 80cm-100cm thick planting soil layer, 10cm thick sand layer 5 and 20cm thick gravel layer 6, and trees are planted. On the one hand, the planting soil layer provides a stable attachment surface for the growth of microorganisms, and also provides carriers and nutrients for the arbor. The first-level ecological revetment 1 can filter the soil in the water flow, allowing it to settle and fill it into the matrix layer, thereby promoting the growth of trees. Filtration reduces the concentration of organic pollutants in stormwater. Outlet pipes 7 are arranged in the gravel layer 6, and small holes are evenly opened on both sides and top of the outflow pipes 7 to facilitate the effective collection of filtered rainwater, and the collected rainwater directly enters the second-level ecological revetment 2. Under normal rainfall conditions, the rainwater entering the first-level ecological revetment 1 through the curb 12 is purified by multi-layer matrix, and flows into the second-level ecological revetment 2 through the outlet pipe 7; The second-level ecological revetment 2 not only alleviates the impact of rainwater on the revetment, but also reduces the chance of trees being submerged in rainwater for a long time, which helps the first-level ecological revetment 1 to better play revetment and ecological functions.

The second-level ecological revetment 2 is divided into three layers from top to bottom, which are 30cm-40cm thick planting soil layer, 10cm thick sandy soil layer 5 and 20cm thick gravel layer 6, and plant shrubs. The rainwater in the outlet pipe 7 of the first-level ecological revetment 1 and the primary rainwater passing through the water hole 8 directly enter the second-level ecological revetment 2, and further reduce the concentration of pollutants in the rainwater through the purification of the shrub root system and the filtration of the matrix layer. Similar to the first-level ecological revetment 1, the second-level ecological revetment 2 is arranged with outlet pipes 7 in the bottom matrix layer (gravel layer 6), and small holes are evenly opened on both sides and top of the outlet pipes 7 to facilitate the effective collection of purified rainwater. The collected rainwater directly enters the third-level ecological revetment 3. During heavy rain or long-term rainy weather, excess rainwater can directly enter the third-level ecological revetment 3 through the water hole 8.

The third-level ecological revetment 3 is divided into three layers from top to bottom, which are 20cm-30cm thick mixed matrix layer, 10cm thick sand layer 5 and 20cm thick gravel layer 6, and plant herbaceous plants. The mixed substrate layer is composed of agricultural straw (length 1cm-2cm), fermented urban sewage treatment plant sludge (moisture content 40%-60%), wood chips (maximum length 2cm-3cm), vermiculite (1cm-2cm), After fermentation, it is composed of animal manure (according to the weight ratio 1:1:1.5:0.2:0.2) and other mixtures. And introduce earthworms into the matrix layer. When earthworms are introduced for the first time, the density is 40-50/cubic meter. Under normal circumstances, there is no need to add food to the earthworms. The food is the organic matter in the sewage. In order to ensure the normal function of earthworms under drought conditions, pipes are set in the mixed substrate layer to directly communicate with the river water, and water-absorbable cotton slivers are placed in the pipes, and the cotton sliver automatically absorbs water and is sent to the mixed substrate layer. After the rainwater enters the third-level ecological revetment 3, it passes through three filter layers in sequence, and the suspended matter is intercepted. Part of the pollutants in the water provide nutrients for the growth of herbs, part of them are decomposed by the biofilm in the matrix layer, and the other part is used as food for earthworms. break down. The purified rainwater is discharged into the river channel 11 after being collected by the gravel layer 6 outlet pipe 7 . Same as the first two levels of ecological revetment, the third level of ecological revetment 3 is provided with a water hole 8 at the junction of the river 11 to prevent excessive accumulation of rainwater in the third level of ecological revetment 3, affecting the normal growth of herbs and hindering the normal life activities of earthworms. Then affect its normal purification and landscape functions.

The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the description of the present invention and the contents of the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly used in other related technical fields, All are included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention in the same way.

Claims (10)

1. A multi-stage ecological bank protection purification system is characterized by comprising a first-stage ecological bank protection and a second-stage ecological bank protection which are closely connected and have sequentially reduced heights from a direction far away from a river channel to a direction close to the river channel, wherein N is a positive integer not less than 2;

each level of ecological bank protection is provided with a planting layer and a substrate layer, the planting layer is arranged above the substrate layer, and plants are planted on the planting layer; the substrate layer is made of sandy soil and gravels; the planting layer in the Nth-level ecological bank protection is made of planting soil, and the planting layer in the (N + 1) th-level ecological bank protection is made of a mixed matrix;

and the adjacent ecological revetments of each level are communicated through a water outlet pipe, the water outlet pipe is horizontally inserted into the matrix layer, and a distance is arranged between the water outlet end of the water outlet pipe in the N-1 level ecological revetments and the planting layer of the N level ecological revetments in the vertical direction.

2. The multi-stage ecological revetment purification system of claim 1, wherein: the lateral wall of ecological shore protection of each grade all is provided with the water hole, it is in to cross the water hole setting the top on planting the layer.

3. The multi-stage ecological revetment purification system of claim 1, wherein: arbor is planted on the planting layer in the first level ecological bank protection, shrub is planted on the planting layer in the Nth level ecological bank protection, and herbaceous plant is planted on the planting layer in the (N + 1) th level ecological bank protection.

4. The multi-stage ecological revetment purification system of claim 1, wherein: the matrix layer includes sand soil layer and metalling, sand soil layer's material is sand, the material on metalling is the rubble, the thickness on metalling is greater than sand soil layer's thickness.

5. The multi-stage ecological revetment purification system of claim 1, wherein: the ecological revetment of (N + 1) th level is provided with communicating pipe in the planting layer, be provided with long banding strip that absorbs water in the communicating pipe, the strip one end that absorbs water is buried underground in the planting layer in the ecological revetment of (N + 1) th level, the strip other end that absorbs water stretches into in the river course water face, the material of strip that absorbs water is cotton or numb.

6. The multi-stage ecological revetment purification system of claim 1, wherein: the mixed substrate comprises straw, fermented sludge, wood chips, vermiculite and fermented excrement in a weight ratio of 1:1:1.5:0.2: 0.2.

7. The multi-stage ecological revetment purification system of claim 6, wherein: the particle size of the vermiculite is 1 cm-2 cm.

8. The multi-stage ecological revetment purification system of claim 6, wherein: the water content of the fermented sludge is 40-60%.

9. The multi-stage ecological revetment purification system of claim 6, wherein: the mixed matrix also comprises earthworms, and the density of the earthworms in the mixed matrix is 40 to 50 per cubic meter.

10. The multi-stage ecological revetment purification system of claim 1, wherein: the side wall and the top of the water outlet pipe are uniformly provided with small holes.