CN113802511B - Ecological buffer zone for ecological restoration and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Ecological buffer zone for ecological restoration and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
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- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of buffer zones, and discloses an ecological buffer zone for ecological restoration and a construction method thereof; the ecological buffer zone comprises a first buffer zone arranged along the river bank, a second buffer zone arranged at the periphery of the first buffer zone and connected with a farmland, and a third restoration zone clamped between the second buffer zone and the first buffer zone; the construction method comprises the steps of determining the water system side line of a river coverage area and the side line of coverage areas such as farmlands; detecting various data of surface runoff water quality, and calculating and determining the accurate extension width of the buffer zone by combining local maximum precipitation data; optimally designing the distribution position and the floor area ratio of the vegetation restoration blocks and the microorganism restoration blocks in the third restoration zone; paving a vegetation restoration block and a microorganism restoration block; constructing a first slope land, a second slope land, a detention zone and an energy dissipation grass planting ditch; the technical scheme greatly improves the comprehensive performance of the buffer zone, and has the functions of high-efficiency interception and excellent comprehensive repair capacity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of buffer zones, in particular to an ecological buffer zone for ecological restoration and a construction method thereof.
Background
The agricultural non-point source is one of the main pollution sources of the water body, and more than 50 percent of phosphorus and nitrogen pollution load of rivers and lakes comes from agricultural non-point source pollution load. Therefore, controlling agricultural non-point source pollution is one of the key factors for preventing and controlling water eutrophication. The shore buffer zone can effectively remove N, P, organic pollutants, heavy metals and the like in water, is an effective means for intercepting agricultural non-point source pollutants and improving the water quality and the ecological environment of a river channel, and has ecological service functions of landscaping, variety protection, water and soil conservation and the like. In a patent document with a shore ecological buffer zone structure with a composite effect and with a publication number of CN201810609816.2, a herbaceous infiltration area, a shrub and grass purification area, an arbor and grass purification area and a reed grass purification area are sequentially arranged along the runoff direction of a farmland, so that the water purification, landscape beautification, biological diversity protection, water and soil conservation and the like are realized to a certain extent, and the shore ecological buffer zone structure has composite high-efficiency functions; in the river bank zone pollution reduction method with the publication number of CN201610200331.9, a percolation strengthening zone and a pollution interception buffer zone of perennial herbaceous plants are established by combining a perennial vegetation zone and the percolation strengthening zone, so that water quality is purified.
However, in actual operation, particularly in summer and autumn rainy days, surface runoff water flow penetrating through the buffer zone is relatively quick, the retention time in the buffer zone is relatively short, the buffer absorption effect on the surface runoff is not realized by the natural penetration of greening vegetation, a large amount of surface runoff still enters a river channel without being fully purified by the buffer zone, and a large amount of pollutants are loaded; the effect that the buffer strip should realize is greatly reduced; on the other hand, the existing ecological buffer zone does not have a reasonable design of a composite restoration system consisting of surface plants and underground microorganisms, so that the ecological restoration function is limited; therefore, the construction of the ecological buffer zone with the combination of efficient interception, rain and flood regulation and underground and overground biological comprehensive restoration remains a great problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the ecological buffer zone has the advantages of high-efficiency interception, rainfall flood regulation and storage, and comprehensive restoration of underground and overground organisms, and the comprehensive performance of ecological restoration of the ecological buffer zone is effectively improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an ecological buffer zone for ecological restoration comprises a first buffer zone, a second buffer zone and a third restoration zone, wherein the first buffer zone is arranged in 10-20 m along a river bank and is arranged along the flowing direction of river flow, the second buffer zone is arranged at the periphery of the first buffer zone and is connected with a farmland, and the third restoration zone is clamped between the second buffer zone and the first buffer zone;
the first buffer zone comprises a first sloping field with a slope surface of 30 degrees and a horizontal length of 5-10 m, a second sloping field with a slope surface of 45 degrees and a horizontal length of 3-8 m, and a detention zone horizontally arranged at the joint of the first sloping field and the second sloping field;
the third repairing zone comprises an interception and detention zone communicated with the second buffer zone, and a first repairing module and a second repairing module which are arranged between the interception and detention zone and a second sloping field;
the first repairing module and the second repairing module are rectangular repairing blocks with the same area and are alternately distributed; the penetration-resistant layer is vertically inserted into the alternate connection position of the first repairing module and the second repairing module;
the rectangular repairing block of the first repairing block is a vegetation repairing block provided with arbors and shrubs on the surface layer;
the rectangular repairing block of the second repairing block is a microorganism repairing block; the microorganism repairing block comprises an interception percolation layer arranged on the ground surface, microorganism loading fillers laid on the lower layer of the interception percolation layer, a guide drainage layer arranged on the lower layer of the microorganism loading fillers and a guide drainage pipe connected with the adjacent guide drainage layer;
the second buffer zone comprises a surface runoff intercepting ditch communicated with the intercepting detention zone and an energy dissipation grass planting ditch arranged between the surface runoff intercepting ditch and a farmland;
the energy dissipation grass planting ditch comprises a planting zone with the width of 3-5 m and a wavy surface, a soil-fixing nylon net embedded in the surface layer of the planting zone, and grass vegetation arranged on the upper surfaces of the planting zone and the soil-fixing nylon net.
Furthermore, wetland plants are planted on the first slope land; the wetland plants comprise reeds, cattails and canna;
the second sloping field is composed of rectangular blocks with side lengths of 50-80 cm; the rectangular square blocks are sequentially and alternately provided with ophiopogon japonicus, bermudagrass and manila;
the retention zone consists of a rectangular infiltration area and a rectangular planting area which are alternately arranged; the rectangular infiltration area sequentially comprises a first layer of gravels with the grain size of 8-15 cm, a second layer of gravels with the grain size of 3-8 cm and a third layer of gravels with the grain size of 0.5-2 cm from top to bottom.
Wetland plants are adopted for the adjacent water of the first sloping field, so that a good soil fixing effect and an ecological restoration effect can be achieved; in the second sloping field, vegetation with developed underground stems and root systems, such as cynodon dactylon and the like, are planted in the rectangular square blocks, so that on one hand, compact ground surface coverage can be formed, and pollutant diffusion caused by rainwater erosion is effectively reduced; on the other hand, the vegetation is taken as lawn plants, does not enter a food chain, and a pollution source for repairing the vegetation does not enter the food chain to harm human beings; the surface runoff absorption can be effectively relieved through the arrangement of the rectangular infiltration area.
Furthermore, a grid with the height of 5-10 cm is laid on the upper layer of the interception percolation layer, and ryegrass and bermuda grass are arranged on the upper surface of the grid.
Surface soil is filled in the grid, and bermuda grass and ryegrass are planted in the surface soil; the upper surface of the interception percolation layer needs to keep better water permeability, so a grating is adopted; not only can stabilize the surface vegetation soil, but also can ensure better water permeability; ecological restoration is carried out while realizing efficient seepage by planting vegetation on surface soil; the ecological restoration realized at the upper layer of the interception percolation layer comprises the absorption of the plant rhizomes and the restoration of microbial communities loaded on the rhizomes.
Further, the microorganism repairing block also comprises a ventilation device;
the ventilation device comprises a ventilation pipe which is vertically arranged and penetrates through the interception and infiltration layer to be connected with the microorganism loading filler, a ventilation ring which is horizontally arranged at the lower end of the ventilation pipe and surrounds the microorganism loading filler, and an air inlet ventilation opening which is arranged at the upper end of the ventilation pipe; and the ventilation fan is arranged at the joint of the ventilation pipe and the air inlet ventilation port.
The ventilation ring surrounding the microorganism-loaded filler can provide a uniform oxygen environment for the microorganism-loaded filler, ensure the uniformity of aerobic microorganism distribution on the microorganism-loaded filler, and enhance the ecological treatment capacity of good and strong microorganisms.
Furthermore, the longitudinal depth of the rectangular repairing blocks of the first repairing module and the second repairing module is 0.8-1.5 m; the horizontal plane of the rectangular repairing block is square, and the side length is 1.2 m-1.8 m;
the ratio of the total floor area of the first repairing block to the total floor area of the second repairing block is 1-5: 1.
The longitudinal depth of 0.8-1.5 m can greatly reduce the construction period and construction cost of the whole buffer zone, improve the difficulty of the whole buffer zone construction process and effectively ensure the practicability of the whole scheme; the reasonable proportion of the occupied area can ensure that the buffer zone can efficiently intercept and compositely repair the surface runoff water source; effectively improve the comprehensive performance of the whole buffer zone.
Further, microorganism load packs including setting up in the upper strata and with take a breath the MBBR biofilm carrier of ring at same degree of depth, set up the plait formula of MBBR lower floor is packed, sets up aerobic microbial inoculum on the MBBR biofilm carrier, sets up anaerobic microbial inoculum on the plait formula is packed.
The setting through ventilation unit can provide its required oxygen to aerobic microbe, ensures the good growing environment of microorganism, effectively strengthens aerobic microbe's ecological remediation function.
Further, the interception percolation layer comprises a pebble layer which is paved on the upper layer and has the grain diameter of 3-5 cm, and a ceramic grain layer which is arranged on the lower layer and has the grain diameter of 0.5-1.5 cm.
The pebble layer with the particle size of 3-5 cm has high water permeability and can quickly absorb and intercept surface runoff; the ceramsite layer with the particle size of 0.5-1.5 cm has a certain filtering function.
The construction method of the ecological buffer zone provided by the ecological buffer zone comprises the following steps:
s1: determining the water system sideline of a river coverage area and the sideline of coverage areas such as farmlands and the like by utilizing a satellite remote sensing image technology; then, extending to two sides by a water system sideline to determine the basic position of the buffer zone;
s2: detecting various data of soil in the position of the buffer zone in a segmented manner, detecting various data of surface runoff water quality, and calculating and determining the accurate extension width of the buffer zone by combining with local maximum precipitation data; calculating the width proportion of the first buffer zone, the second buffer zone and the third repair zone;
s3: optimally designing the distribution positions and the floor area ratio of the vegetation restoration blocks and the microorganism restoration blocks in the third restoration zone; designing vegetation on the vegetation restoration block, the interception percolation layer and the rectangular square block;
s4: paving vegetation restoration blocks and microorganism restoration blocks according to the calculation result of S3;
s5: and constructing a first slope land, a second slope land, a detention zone, a surface runoff interception ditch and an energy dissipation grass planting ditch, and finishing the whole buffer zone.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the ecological buffer zone for ecological restoration, firstly, the flow path of surface runoff is changed from a straight line to a wave shape through the groove wave type energy dissipation grass planting groove, so that the water flow energy is greatly reduced; the nylon net can be used for protecting the fire-fighting grass so as to prevent soil loss caused by long-term scouring; the surface vegetation realizes the first absorption, interception and restoration of surface runoff on one hand and protects the ditch wave type energy dissipation grass planting ditch by utilizing the developed root system on the other hand; the buffer zone can be continuously and completely protected by arranging the surface runoff intercepting ditch, and the surface runoff is intercepted and converged into the intercepting and detention zone for precipitation, and then is made to pass through the first repairing module and the second repairing module through overflow; the first repairing block can provide a vegetation repairing function, and the second repairing module can realize an excellent permeation and absorption function; through the reasonable configuration design of the first repairing block and the second repairing block, the whole buffer zone has the composite performance of efficient interception, rainfall flood regulation and underground and overground biological comprehensive restoration, and the comprehensive performance of ecological restoration of the ecological buffer zone is effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the whole of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second repair module according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a grid mounting position in accordance with embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a ventilating device according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
wherein, 1-a first buffer zone, 10-a first slope, 11-a second slope, 110-a rectangular block, 12-a detention zone, 120-a rectangular infiltration zone, 121-a rectangular planting zone, 2-a second buffer zone, 20-a surface runoff interception ditch, 21-an energy dissipation grass planting ditch, 210-a planting zone, 211-a soil fixation nylon net, 212-grass vegetation, 3-a third restoration zone, 30-an interception detention zone, 31-a first restoration module, 32-a second restoration module, 320-an interception infiltration layer, 321-a microorganism loading filler, 322-a drainage guide layer, 323-a drainage guide pipe, 324-a grid, 33-an infiltration blocking layer, 34-a ventilation device, 340-a ventilation pipe, 341-a ventilation ring, 342-an air inlet ventilation port, 343-ventilating fan.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
an ecological buffer zone construction method comprises the following steps:
s1: determining the water system sideline of a river coverage area and the sideline of coverage areas such as farmlands and the like by utilizing a satellite remote sensing image technology;
then, extending to two sides by a water system sideline to determine the basic position of the buffer zone;
s2: detecting various data of soil in the position of the buffer zone in a segmented manner, detecting various data of surface runoff water quality, and calculating and determining the accurate extension width of the buffer zone by combining with local maximum precipitation data;
calculating the width proportion of the first buffer zone 1, the second buffer zone 2 and the third repair zone 3;
s3: optimally designing the distribution position and the floor area ratio of the vegetation restoration blocks and the microorganism restoration blocks in the third restoration zone 3;
s4: paving vegetation restoration blocks and microorganism restoration blocks according to the calculation result of S3;
s5: and constructing a first sloping field 10, a second sloping field 11, a detention zone 12, a surface runoff intercepting ditch 20 and an energy dissipation grass planting ditch 21, and then constructing the whole buffer zone.
As shown in fig. 1, the specifically constructed ecological buffer zone includes a first buffer zone 1 disposed in a river along a bank 10m and arranged along a river flow direction, a second buffer zone 2 disposed at the periphery of the first buffer zone 1 and connected to a farmland, and a third restoration zone 3 sandwiched between the second buffer zone 2 and the first buffer zone 1;
wherein, the width ratio of the second buffer zone 2, the third repair zone 3 and the first buffer zone 1 is 1: 3: 1;
the first buffer zone 1 comprises a first sloping field 10 with a slope surface of 30 degrees and a horizontal length of 5m, a second sloping field 11 with a slope surface of 45 degrees and a horizontal length of 3m, which is arranged above the first sloping field 10, and a detention zone 12 which is horizontally arranged at the joint of the first sloping field 10 and the second sloping field 11;
the third repairing zone 3 comprises an intercepting and detenting zone 30 communicated with the second buffer zone 2, and a first repairing module 31 and a second repairing module 32 which are arranged between the intercepting and detenting zone 30 and the second sloping field 11;
the first repair module 31 and the second repair module 32 are rectangular repair blocks with the same area and are alternately distributed; the permeation-resisting layer 33 is vertically inserted at the alternate connection part of the first repairing module 31 and the second repairing module 32;
the rectangular restoration block of the first restoration block 31 is a vegetation restoration block provided with trees and shrubs on the surface layer;
as shown in fig. 2, the rectangular repair mass of the second repair mass 32 is a microbial repair mass; the microorganism repairing block comprises an interception percolation layer 320 arranged on the ground surface, microorganism loading fillers 321 laid on the lower layer of the interception percolation layer 320, a guide and drainage layer 322 arranged on the lower layer of the microorganism loading fillers 321, and a guide and drainage pipe 323 connected with the adjacent guide and drainage layer 322;
the second buffer zone 2 comprises a surface runoff intercepting ditch 20 communicated with the intercepting detention zone 30 and an energy dissipation grass planting ditch 21 arranged between the surface runoff intercepting ditch 20 and a farmland;
the energy dissipation grass planting ditch 21 comprises a planting belt 210 with the width of 3m and the wavy surface, a soil-fixing nylon net 211 embedded on the surface layer of the planting belt 210, and grass vegetation 212 arranged on the upper surfaces of the planting belt 210 and the soil-fixing nylon net 211.
Wetland plants are planted on the first sloping field 10; the wetland plant is reed;
the second sloping field 11 is composed of rectangular blocks 110 with the side length of 50 cm; the rectangular square block 110 is sequentially and alternately provided with ophiopogon japonicus, bermudagrass and manila;
the retention zone 12 consists of rectangular infiltration areas 120 and rectangular planting areas 121 which are alternately arranged; the rectangular infiltration zone 120 comprises a first layer of gravel with the grain diameter of 8cm, a second layer of gravel with the grain diameter of 3cm and a third layer of gravel with the grain diameter of 0.5cm from top to bottom in sequence.
As shown in FIG. 3, a grid 324 with a height of 5cm is laid on the upper layer of the intercepting and percolating layer 320, and ryegrass and bermuda grass are arranged on the upper surface of the grid 324.
The longitudinal depth of the rectangular repairing blocks of the first repairing module 31 and the second repairing module 32 is 0.8 m; the horizontal plane of the rectangular repairing block is square, and the side length is 1.2 mm;
the ratio of the total floor area of the first repair block 31 to the total floor area of the second repair block 32 is 1: 1.
The interception and infiltration layer 320 comprises a pebble layer with the grain diameter of 3cm paved on the upper layer and a ceramic grain layer with the grain diameter of 0.5cm arranged on the lower layer.
Example 2:
an ecological buffer zone construction method comprises the following steps:
s1: determining the water system sideline of a river coverage area and the sideline of coverage areas such as farmlands and the like by utilizing a satellite remote sensing image technology;
then, extending to two sides by a water system sideline to determine the basic position of the buffer zone;
s2: detecting various data of soil in the position of the buffer zone in a segmented manner, detecting various data of surface runoff water quality, and calculating and determining the accurate extension width of the buffer zone by combining with local maximum precipitation data;
calculating the width proportion of the first buffer zone 1, the second buffer zone 2 and the third repair zone 3;
s3: optimally designing the distribution position and the floor area ratio of the vegetation restoration blocks and the microorganism restoration blocks in the third restoration zone 3;
designing vegetation types paved on the vegetation restoration block, the interception percolation layer 320 and the rectangular block 110;
s4: paving vegetation restoration blocks and microorganism restoration blocks according to the calculation result of S3;
s5: and constructing a first sloping field 10, a second sloping field 11, a detention zone 12, a surface runoff intercepting ditch 20 and an energy dissipation grass planting ditch 21, and then, constructing the whole buffer zone.
The ecological buffer zone comprises a first buffer zone 1, a second buffer zone 2 and a third restoration zone 3, wherein the first buffer zone 1 is arranged in a river bank 20m and arranged along the flowing direction of river flow, the second buffer zone 2 is arranged on the periphery of the first buffer zone 1 and connected with a farmland, and the third restoration zone is clamped between the second buffer zone 2 and the first buffer zone 1;
wherein, the width ratio of the second buffer zone 2, the third repair zone 3 and the first buffer zone 1 is 1: 5: 1;
the first buffer zone 1 comprises a first sloping field 10 with a slope surface of 30 degrees and a horizontal length of 10m, a second sloping field 11 which is arranged above the first sloping field 10 and has a slope surface of 45 degrees and a horizontal length of 8m, and a detention zone 12 which is horizontally arranged at the joint of the first sloping field 10 and the second sloping field 11;
the third repairing zone 3 comprises an intercepting and detenting zone 30 communicated with the second buffer zone 2, and a first repairing module 31 and a second repairing module 32 which are arranged between the intercepting and detenting zone 30 and the second sloping field 11;
the first repair module 31 and the second repair module 32 are rectangular repair blocks with the same area and are alternately distributed; the permeation-resistant layer 33 is vertically inserted at the alternate connection position of the first repairing module 31 and the second repairing module 32;
the rectangular restoration block of the first restoration block 31 is a vegetation restoration block provided with trees and shrubs on the surface layer; wherein the planting area proportion of arbors and shrubs is 2: 1;
the rectangular repair block of the second repair block 32 is a microbial repair block; the microorganism repairing block comprises an interception percolation layer 320 arranged on the ground surface, microorganism loading fillers 321 laid on the lower layer of the interception percolation layer 320, a guide and drainage layer 322 arranged on the lower layer of the microorganism loading fillers 321, and a guide and drainage pipe 323 connected with the adjacent guide and drainage layer 322;
the second buffer zone 2 comprises a surface runoff intercepting ditch 20 communicated with the intercepting detention zone 30 and an energy dissipation grass planting ditch 21 arranged between the surface runoff intercepting ditch 20 and a farmland;
the energy dissipation grass planting ditch 21 comprises a planting belt 210 with the width of 5m and the wavy surface, a soil-fixing nylon net 211 embedded on the surface layer of the planting belt 210, and grass vegetation 212 arranged on the upper surfaces of the planting belt 210 and the soil-fixing nylon net.
Wetland plants are planted on the first sloping field 10; the wetland plants comprise reed, cattail and canna; wherein the reed, the cattail and the canna are planted according to the planting area of 3: 5: 2, mixed planting.
The second sloping field 11 is composed of rectangular blocks 110 with the side length of 80 cm; the rectangular square block 110 is sequentially and alternately provided with ophiopogon japonicus, bermudagrass and manila; wherein the coverage area ratio of ophiopogon japonicus, bermudagrass and manila is 1: 3: 1;
the retention zone 12 consists of rectangular infiltration areas 120 and rectangular planting areas 121 which are alternately arranged; the rectangular infiltration zone 120 comprises a first layer of gravel with the grain diameter of 15cm, a second layer of gravel with the grain diameter of 8cm and a third layer of gravel with the grain diameter of 2cm from top to bottom in sequence.
A grid 324 with the height of 5-10 cm is laid on the upper layer of the interception percolation layer 320, and ryegrass and bermuda grass with the planting area ratio of 1:1 are arranged on the upper surface of the grid 324.
The longitudinal depth of the rectangular repairing blocks of the first repairing module 31 and the second repairing module 32 is 1.5 m; the horizontal plane of the rectangular repairing block is square, and the side length is 1.8 m;
the ratio of the total floor area of the first repair block 31 to the total floor area of the second repair block 32 is 5: 1.
The interception and infiltration layer 320 comprises a pebble layer with the grain diameter of 5cm paved on the upper layer and a ceramic grain layer with the grain diameter of 1.5cm arranged on the lower layer.
As shown in fig. 4, the microbial remediation block further includes a ventilation means 34;
the ventilation device 34 comprises a ventilation pipe 340 which is vertically arranged and penetrates through the interception and infiltration layer 320 to be connected with the microorganism loading filler 321, a ventilation ring 341 which is horizontally arranged at the lower end of the ventilation pipe 340 and surrounds the microorganism loading filler 321, and an air inlet ventilation opening 342 which is arranged at the upper end of the ventilation pipe 340; and a ventilation fan 343 disposed at a connection of the ventilation pipe 340 and the intake ventilation opening 342.
Microorganism load packs 321 including setting up in the upper strata and with take a breath the MBBR biofilm carrier of ring 341 in same degree of depth, set up the plait formula of MBBR biofilm carrier lower floor is packed, sets up the aerobic microbial inoculum on the MBBR biofilm carrier, sets up anaerobic microbial inoculum on the plait formula is packed.
The aerobic microbial agent, the anaerobic microbial agent and the ventilator 343 are all existing products, and the specific product types can be selected by those skilled in the art according to the needs.
Claims (9)
1. An ecological buffer zone for ecological restoration is characterized by comprising a first buffer zone (1) arranged in 10-20 m along a river bank and arranged along the flow direction of river, a second buffer zone (2) arranged at the periphery of the first buffer zone (1) and connected with a farmland, and a third restoration zone (3) clamped between the second buffer zone (2) and the first buffer zone (1);
the first buffer zone (1) comprises a first sloping field (10) with a slope surface of 30 degrees and a horizontal length of 5-10 m, a second sloping field (11) which is arranged above the first sloping field (10) and has a slope surface of 45 degrees and a horizontal length of 3-8 m, and a detention zone (12) which is horizontally arranged at the joint of the first sloping field (10) and the second sloping field (11);
the third repairing belt (3) comprises an intercepting and detenting area (30) communicated with the second buffer belt (2), and a first repairing module (31) and a second repairing module (32) which are arranged between the intercepting and detenting area (30) and the second sloping field (11);
the first repairing module (31) and the second repairing module (32) are rectangular repairing blocks with the same area and are alternately distributed; the permeation-resistant layer (33) is vertically inserted at the alternate connection position of the first repairing module (31) and the second repairing module (32);
the rectangular repairing block of the first repairing module (31) is a vegetation repairing block with trees and shrubs on the surface layer;
the rectangular repair block of the second repair module (32) is a microbial repair block; the microorganism restoration block comprises an interception and infiltration layer (320) arranged on the ground surface, microorganism loading fillers (321) laid on the lower layer of the interception and infiltration layer (320), a guide and drainage layer (322) arranged on the lower layer of the microorganism loading fillers (321), and guide and drainage pipes (323) connected with the adjacent guide and drainage layers (322);
the second buffer zone (2) comprises a surface runoff intercepting ditch (20) communicated with the intercepting detention zone (30) and an energy dissipation grass planting ditch (21) arranged between the surface runoff intercepting ditch (20) and a farmland;
the energy dissipation grass planting ditch (21) comprises a planting belt (210) with the width of 3-5 m and the wavy surface, a soil-fixing nylon net (211) embedded on the surface layer of the planting belt (210), and grass vegetation (212) arranged on the upper surfaces of the planting belt (210) and the soil-fixing nylon net (211).
2. The ecological buffer zone for the ecological restoration according to the claim 1, wherein wetland plants are planted on the first sloping field (10); the wetland plants comprise reeds, cattails and canna;
the second sloping field (11) is composed of rectangular blocks (110) with the side length of 50-80 cm; the rectangular square block (110) is sequentially and alternately provided with ophiopogon japonicus, bermudagrass and manila;
the retention zone (12) consists of rectangular infiltration areas (120) and rectangular planting areas (121) which are alternately arranged; the rectangular infiltration region (120) sequentially comprises a first layer of gravels with the grain size of 8-15 cm, a second layer of gravels with the grain size of 3-8 cm and a third layer of gravels with the grain size of 0.5-2 cm from top to bottom.
3. The ecological buffer zone for ecological restoration according to claim 1, wherein a grid (324) with a height of 5-10 cm is laid on the upper layer of the intercepting and percolating layer (320), and ryegrass and bermuda grass are arranged on the upper surface of the grid (324).
4. The ecological buffer zone for ecological restoration, according to the claim 1, characterized in that the microorganism restoring block further comprises a ventilation device (34);
the ventilation device (34) comprises a ventilation pipe (340) which is vertically arranged and penetrates through the interception and infiltration layer (320) to be connected with the microorganism loading filler (321), a ventilation ring (341) which is horizontally arranged at the lower end of the ventilation pipe (340) and surrounds the microorganism loading filler (321), and an air inlet ventilation opening (342) which is arranged at the upper end of the ventilation pipe (340); and a ventilation fan (343) arranged at the joint of the ventilation pipe (340) and the air inlet ventilation opening (342).
5. The ecological buffer zone for ecological restoration, according to claim 4, wherein the microorganism-loaded packing (321) comprises MBBR biological packing arranged at the upper layer and at the same depth with the ventilation ring (341), braided packing arranged at the lower layer of the MBBR biological packing, aerobic microbial inoculum arranged on the MBBR biological packing, and anaerobic microbial inoculum arranged on the braided packing.
6. The ecological buffer zone for ecological restoration, according to the claim 1, is characterized in that the longitudinal depth of the rectangular restoration blocks of the first restoration module (31) and the second restoration module (32) is 0.8-1.5 m; the horizontal plane of the rectangular repairing block is square, and the side length is 1.2 m-1.8 m;
the ratio of the total floor area of the first repairing module (31) to the total floor area of the second repairing module (32) is 1-5: 1.
7. The ecological buffering zone for ecological restoration according to claim 1, wherein the intercepting percolator layer (320) comprises a pebble layer having a grain size of 3-5 cm laid on the upper layer and a ceramic grain layer having a grain size of 0.5-1.5 cm laid on the lower layer.
8. The construction method of the ecological buffer zone for ecological restoration according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps:
s1: determining a water system sideline of a river coverage area and a sideline of a farmland coverage area by utilizing a satellite remote sensing image technology; then, extending to two sides by a water system sideline to determine the basic position of the buffer zone;
s2: detecting various data of soil in the position of the buffer zone in a segmented manner, detecting various data of surface runoff water quality, and calculating and determining the accurate extension width of the buffer zone by combining with local maximum precipitation data; calculating the width proportion of the first buffer zone (1), the second buffer zone (2) and the third repair zone (3);
s3: optimally designing the distribution position and the floor area ratio of the vegetation restoration blocks and the microorganism restoration blocks in the third restoration belt (3);
s4: paving vegetation restoration blocks and microorganism restoration blocks according to the calculation result of S3;
s5: constructing a first sloping field (10), a second sloping field (11), a detention zone (12), a surface runoff interception ditch (20) and an energy dissipation grass planting ditch (21), and then constructing the whole buffer zone.
9. The method for constructing an ecological buffer zone according to claim 8, wherein the step S3 further comprises designing plant species for vegetation laying on the vegetation restoration block, the interception and filtration layer (320), and the rectangular block (110).
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