CN111827203A

CN111827203A - Variable-seepage-diameter ecological bank protection and surface runoff purification method by using ecological concrete

Info

Publication number: CN111827203A
Application number: CN202010642349.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王晓玲; 刘宇阳; 李松敏; 佟大威; 任炳昱
Original assignee: Tianjin University
Current assignee: Tianjin University
Priority date: 2020-07-06
Filing date: 2020-07-06
Publication date: 2020-10-27

Abstract

The invention discloses a variable-seepage-diameter ecological bank protection and surface runoff purification method by using ecological concrete, which comprises a bank protection body, a water purification layer, an impermeable layer and a concrete partition wall, wherein the water purification layer is arranged on the bank protection body; the water purification layer is arranged in the slope surface of the revetment body and comprises a variable-seepage-diameter filler layer and a surface planting layer arranged on the variable-seepage-diameter filler layer; the impermeable layer is arranged on the contact surface of the water purification layer and the bank protection body, and the impermeable layer is arranged on the bottom surface of the water purification layer and two side surfaces along the river course direction; the concrete partition wall sets up the tip that is close to the river course at the bank protection body, and the hole has been seted up to the high position that on the concrete partition wall, is located the barrier layer. The variable seepage radius concept is drawn, the problem of poor surface runoff pollution intercepting and purifying capacity of the traditional ecological concrete revetment is effectively solved through a surface runoff multi-stage treatment mode, the treatment requirement of high-efficiency purification of road runoff can be met, the anti-scouring effect when large-water-volume runoff occurs can be realized, and the variable seepage radius concept has the advantages of high removal efficiency, good water permeability, strong anti-scouring capacity and the like.

Description

Variable-seepage-diameter ecological bank protection and surface runoff purification method by using ecological concrete

Technical Field

The invention relates to surface runoff treatment, in particular to a variable-seepage-diameter ecological revetment for intercepting and purifying road surface runoff by utilizing ecological concrete and a road surface runoff purification method thereof.

Background

In recent years, the problem of urban ecological environment deterioration is becoming more serious, and a large amount of surface runoff containing various pollutants is directly discharged into urban river channels without treatment, so that the water quality environment is deteriorated, and potential harm is generated to the aquatic environment and the health of human beings. The ecological concrete technology can improve the affinity and landscape of the bank protection plants, has a certain water quality purification effect, and is widely applied to the engineering of treating urban road runoff and river bank protection.

Traditional ecological concrete shore protection simple structure is mostly the form that combines together that shore protection surface concrete sash and ecological concrete fill, and is relatively poor to the throughput that rainfall and surface runoff pollute, and the inside is more closely knit of shore protection, and the water permeability is not enough.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the problem of poor pollutant interception capability of the traditional ecological bank protection and provides a variable-seepage-diameter ecological bank protection by using ecological concrete and a road surface runoff purification method thereof. The invention draws the idea of variable seepage diameter, fully utilizes the advantages of good water permeability, strong adsorbability, excellent filtering effect and easy growth of microorganism biofilm formation of ecological concrete and the selective adsorbability of coal slag and zeolite filler, strengthens the purification capability of landscape water, simultaneously has very strong water permeability of the coconut shell fiber layer on the upper layer, and can provide better root attachments for the revetment plants. The invention can meet the treatment requirement of high-efficiency purification of the road runoff, can realize the anti-scouring effect when large-water-volume runoff occurs, and has the advantages of high removal efficiency, good water permeability, strong anti-scouring capability and the like.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides an utilize ecological concrete's ecological bank protection of reducing infiltration footpath, the ecological bank protection of reducing infiltration footpath includes the bank protection body, the ecological bank protection of reducing infiltration footpath still includes:

the water purification layer is arranged in the slope surface of the revetment body and comprises a variable-seepage-diameter filler layer and a surface planting layer arranged on the variable-seepage-diameter filler layer;

the impermeable layer is arranged on the contact surface of the water purification layer and the revetment body, and the impermeable layer is arranged on the bottom surface of the water purification layer and the two side surfaces along the river channel direction; and the number of the first and second groups,

the concrete partition wall sets up the tip that the shore protection body is close to the river course, on the concrete partition wall, be located the hole has been seted up to the high position of barrier layer.

Furthermore, a grass planting ditch is arranged between the revetment body and the road surface.

Further, plants are planted in the grass planting ditches.

Further, a plurality of water purification layers are arranged at intervals along the direction of the river channel.

Furthermore, the variable-seepage-diameter filler layer comprises a coconut shell fiber layer, a vegetation concrete layer, a reverse-filtration concrete layer and a coal cinder-zeolite mixed layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.

Further, plants are planted in the surface planting layer.

Further, become ecological shore protection of seepage footpath still includes gabion and wooden pile wall, wooden pile wall sets up concrete partition wall towards one side of river course and with concrete partition wall arranges at a distance apart, the gabion sets up concrete partition wall with between the wooden pile wall.

Further, the top of gabion is the stair structure, the stair face of stair structure certainly concrete partition wall extremely the timber pile wall reduces step by step.

The other technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a road surface runoff purification method adopting the variable-seepage-diameter ecological bank protection comprises the following steps:

flowing into the grass planting ditch after the road surface runoff is generated, overflowing after the sewage in the grass planting ditch is fully accumulated, and flowing to the variable-seepage-diameter ecological revetment;

sewage flowing through the surface of the variable-seepage-diameter ecological revetment is infiltrated to the variable-seepage-diameter filler layer from the surface planting layer, and the sewage is purified through the variable-seepage-diameter filler layer;

after the sewage is purified, the sewage flows out of the holes of the concrete partition wall under the action of the impermeable layer and enters the river channel after passing through the gabion and the wood pile wall.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the surface runoff sewage from the road is collected through the grass planting ditch, the sewage is subjected to preliminary sedimentation, meanwhile, the plants in the grass planting ditch can adsorb and absorb partial pollutants, and the grass planting ditch is full of sewage and then can distribute water uniformly, so that the sewage subjected to preliminary treatment uniformly flows to the variable-seepage-diameter ecological revetment surface.

(2) The coconut fiber is plant-type filler, has good ecological effect, can effectively improve the firmness degree of the root system of herbaceous plants, and can effectively resist large-flow surface runoff and rainfall erosion.

(3) The ecological concrete, zeolite and coal cinder surface layers are easy to form and grow biological membranes and can be used as biological carriers, and nitrogen and phosphorus in water can be effectively intercepted under the synergistic action of bacteria on the surfaces of the biological membranes and plants on the revetment surfaces. Besides, the green zeolite has a good ammonia nitrogen interception effect, the coal cinder has high phosphorus removal efficiency, and the ecological concrete has a certain removal effect on the green zeolite and the coal cinder.

(4) Draw and become the seepage footpath theory, through the form of becoming the seepage footpath filler layer, constantly change seepage flow path and filler aperture at sewage infiltration in-process, effectively improved the contact area and the frequency of filler and sewage, the seepage flow path of simultaneously complicacy abundance can improve the purifying effect of revetment to sewage greatly.

(5) The concrete retaining wall provided with the impermeable layer and the holes can introduce purified sewage into a river channel instead of permeating soil, so that the permeability and water treatment capacity of the revetment are greatly improved.

(6) Set up gabion layer and wooden pile wall, the view is effectual on the one hand, and on the other hand has formed water route intercommunication exchange area, provides the habitat for aquatic organisms.

Drawings

FIG. 1: the side view of the variable-seepage-diameter ecological revetment of the ecological concrete is utilized;

FIG. 2: the invention utilizes the front view of the variable-seepage-diameter ecological revetment of ecological concrete;

FIG. 3: the concrete partition wall of the invention has a schematic structure;

the attached drawings are marked as follows:

1-road surface; 2-grass planting ditch;

3-low shrubs; 4-herbaceous plants;

5-surface planting layer; 6-coconut shell fiber layer;

7-planting concrete layer; 8-reverse filtering concrete layer;

9-cinder-zeolite mixed layer; 10-barrier layer;

11-concrete partition wall; 12-gabion;

13-timber pile wall; 14-river channel.

Detailed Description

In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are illustrated and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

as shown in the attached figures 1 to 3, the variable-seepage-diameter ecological revetment utilizing ecological concrete mainly comprises two parts: (1) a water purification system: the ecological water purification layer mainly comprises a grass planting ditch 2 and a water purification layer, wherein the water purification layer mainly comprises a surface planting layer 5 (herbaceous plants 4 planted on a revetment surface layer), and a variable-seepage-diameter filler layer (a coconut shell fiber layer 6, a planting concrete layer 7, a reverse filtration concrete layer 8 and a coal cinder-zeolite mixed layer 9). (2) A water exchange system: including impermeable layer 10, concrete partition 11, gabion 12, timber pile wall 13 and so on.

The grass planting ditch 2 is arranged between the revetment body and the road surface 1, and short shrubs 3 are planted in the grass planting ditch 2. The grass planting ditch 2 is mainly used for collecting sewage and distributing water uniformly, and can control the flow and the flow velocity of the sewage flowing to the revetment and remove a small part of pollutants.

The water purification layer is arranged in the slope surface of the revetment body and can be arranged in a plurality of intervals along the 14 direction of the river channel. Each water purification layer all includes becomes the infiltration footpath filler layer and sets up it plants layer 5 to become the surface on the infiltration footpath filler layer. Herbaceous plants 4 are planted in the surface planting layer 5. The variable-seepage-diameter filler layer comprises four layers, namely a coconut shell fiber layer 6, a vegetation concrete layer 7, a reverse filtration concrete layer 8 and a coal cinder-zeolite mixed layer 9 from top to bottom. The coconut shell fiber layer 6 is used as a plant filler, has no adsorption performance, has the main functions of providing a good root system growth environment for revetment grass planting, increasing the complexity of the root system of the grass planting, improving the scouring resistance of the grass planting, and simultaneously has excellent water permeability of the coconut shell fiber, thereby being beneficial to rapid infiltration of sewage on the surface of the revetment; the plant-growing concrete layer 7 is formed by paving and compacting plant-growing concrete, the coarse aggregate has large grain diameter and high porosity, has good water permeable effect, and the large grain diameter simultaneously provides sufficient space for deep growth of plant root systems and microorganism attachment; the reverse filtration concrete layer 8 is formed by paving and compacting reverse filtration concrete, and compared with plant-growing concrete, the coarse aggregate has a small particle size, lower porosity, higher compressive strength and flexural strength and better mechanical property; the first three packing layers mainly utilize plant roots and microbial communities to biologically purify sewage, the cinder-zeolite mixing layer 9 is used as the last layer of packing and has the main function of further physically purifying sewage, the cinder-zeolite mixing layer 9 is only formed by physically mixing and filling cinder and zeolite and does not relate to chemical reaction among packing materials, wherein the zeolite and the cinder respectively have strong adsorption effects on ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus, and besides, some microbes can be attached to the surfaces of the green zeolite, the volcanic rock and the cinder.

The barrier layer 10 sets up the water purification layer with the contact surface of shore protection body, every the bottom surface on water purification layer and the both sides face along river 14 direction all set up barrier layer 10.

The concrete partition wall 11 is arranged at the end part of the revetment body close to the river channel 14, and holes are formed in the concrete partition wall 11 and at the height position of the impermeable layer 10.

The gabion 12 is arranged on one side, facing the river channel 14, of the concrete partition wall 11 and is closely arranged with the concrete partition wall 11, and the wood pile wall 13 is arranged on the periphery of the gabion 12. The top of the gabion 12 is of a step structure, the gabion can be of an integrated structure and can also be composed of a plurality of gabion monomers with different heights, and the step surface of the step structure is gradually reduced from the concrete partition wall 11 to the wood pile wall 13. The gabion 12 and the wood pile wall 13 can effectively protect the bank and the river 14 excessively, and provide living space for aquatic organisms in the river.

Fig. 1 is a side view of the varied-seepage-diameter ecological bank protection using ecological concrete according to the present invention. The figure illustrates the basic structure and the internal structure of the ecological bank protection system. In the water purification system, the width of the bottom of a grass planting ditch 2 is 15cm, the height of the grass planting ditch is 20cm, the side edge inclination angle is 45 degrees, and short shrubs 3 are planted in the grass planting ditch 2; the thickness of the coconut shell fiber layer 6 is 3cm-5cm, the thickness of the vegetation concrete layer 7 is 20cm, the particle size of coarse aggregates is 20mm-30mm, the porosity is about 35%, the thickness of the reverse filter concrete layer 8 is about 30cm, the particle size of the coarse aggregates is 12mm-20mm, the porosity is about 25%, the thickness of the coal slag-zeolite mixed layer 9 is about 15cm, and the particle sizes of zeolite and coal slag in the coal slag-zeolite mixed layer 9 are 5mm-8 mm; the thickness of the impermeable layer 10 is 2cm-3 cm. In the water exchange system, a concrete partition wall 11 plays a role in supporting and stabilizing a revetment, gabions 12 are laid in a grading mode, and a wood pile wall 13 is arranged on the outermost periphery of the gabion.

Fig. 2 is a front view of the varied-seepage-diameter ecological revetment using ecological concrete according to the present invention. The figure illustrates the main structure of the ecological revetment surface. The thickness of the soil layer on the surface of the revetment is about 5cm, and heat-resistant and moisture-resistant common southern herbaceous plants such as bermuda and the like or dry-cold herbaceous plants such as festuca arundinacea and the like are selected and planted according to local climatic conditions.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the concrete partition wall 11 of the present invention. The figure illustrates the basic configuration and main components of a concrete partition wall 11, the concrete partition wall 11 is 1.5m high and 10cm wide, and a plurality of square holes are uniformly arranged at the height of the cinder-zeolite mixing layer 9 to facilitate the outflow of purified water.

The method for purifying the road surface runoff by adopting the variable-seepage-diameter ecological bank protection comprises the following steps:

(1) road surface runoff that forms behind the rainfall at first can flow into the road side in the grass planting ditch 2, the grass planting ditch 2 can carry out preliminary deposit to the runoff sewage of collecting, gets rid of partial large granule material, the partial nitrogen phosphorus pollutant of sewage can be absorbed to the short bush 3 of planting in the grass planting ditch 2. After the grass planting ditch 2 is filled with sewage, the sewage uniformly overflows from one side and flows to the surface of the variable-seepage-diameter ecological revetment.

(2) Flow through become the sewage on the ecological shore protection surface of seepage path at first sees through 5 inflow in surface planting layer 6 of coconut husk fiber of becoming the seepage path packing layer, the complex structure of coconut husk fiber and plant roots can make sewage constantly shunt, makes sewage and root system fully contact, and partial pollutant is got rid of under by coconut husk fiber, plant roots, and the combined action of microorganism.

(3) Sewage continues to permeate downwards and flows through the vegetation concrete layer 7 and the reverse filtration concrete layer 8, the sewage seepage path changes again, the void space is larger, and the sewage is more fully contacted with the microbial community and the surface of the filler. In the process, part of heavy metals, organic matters and nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants are removed by the ecological concrete and the microorganisms in a synergistic manner.

(4) The sewage finally flows into the cinder-zeolite mixed layer 9, and the residual nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the sewage are removed in the mixed layer.

(5) The sewage purified by the water purification system is intercepted by the bottom layer and the impermeable layer 10 on the side surface, cannot freely seep into the soil on the ground bottom, and flows out in the direction of the river channel 14 under the guidance of the holes of the concrete partition wall 11 in the water exchange system; the purified water flowing out through the drainage holes flows into the river 14 in the transition area formed by the gabions 12 and the wood pile walls 13.

The variable-seepage-diameter ecological revetment utilizing the ecological concrete has a remarkable effect of removing heavy metals, nitrogen and phosphorus in a water body through the synergistic effect of multiple plants and various packing layers, and has high removal rate of pollutants in sewage, and due to the variable-seepage-diameter structure in the ecological revetment, the revetment has high water permeability, strong permeability and large sewage treatment capacity in unit time. Compared with the water quality condition of surface runoff of the original road, the nitrogen and phosphorus interception removal rate of the variable-seepage-diameter ecological revetment can reach over 75 percent, and compared with other ecological revetments, the sewage treatment capacity is improved by 30 percent.

In summary, the variable-seepage-diameter ecological bank protection and the road surface runoff purification method thereof utilizing the ecological concrete draw the variable-seepage-diameter concept, and effectively solve the problem of poor surface runoff pollution interception and purification capacity of the traditional ecological concrete bank protection through a surface runoff multi-stage treatment mode.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make many modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an utilize ecological concrete's ecological bank protection of reducing infiltration footpath, the ecological bank protection of reducing infiltration footpath includes the bank protection body, its characterized in that, the ecological bank protection of reducing infiltration footpath still includes:

the water purification layer is arranged in the slope surface of the revetment body and comprises a variable-seepage-diameter filler layer and a surface planting layer (5) arranged on the variable-seepage-diameter filler layer;

the impermeable layer (10) is arranged on the contact surface of the water purification layer and the revetment body, and the impermeable layer (10) is arranged on the bottom surface of the water purification layer and two side surfaces along the direction of a river channel (14); and the number of the first and second groups,

the revetment comprises a concrete partition wall (11), the concrete partition wall (11) is arranged at the end part of the revetment body close to a river channel (14), and holes are formed in the concrete partition wall (11) and located at the height position of an impermeable layer (10).

2. The varied-seepage-diameter ecological revetment utilizing ecological concrete according to claim 1, wherein a grass planting ditch (2) is arranged between the revetment body and the road surface (1).

3. The varied-seepage-diameter ecological revetment utilizing ecological concrete according to claim 2, wherein plants are planted in the grass planting furrows (2).

4. The varied-permeability ecological revetment utilizing ecological concrete according to claim 1, wherein said water purification layer is arranged in plurality at intervals along the direction of river (14).

5. The varied-permeability ecological revetment utilizing ecological concrete according to claim 1, wherein the varied-permeability filler layer comprises a coconut shell fiber layer (6), a vegetation concrete layer (7), a reverse filter concrete layer (8) and a cinder-zeolite mixed layer (9) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.

6. The varied-permeability ecological revetment utilizing ecological concrete according to claim 1, wherein plants are planted in the surface planting layer (5).

7. The varied-permeability ecological revetment utilizing ecological concrete according to claim 1, further comprising a gabion (12) and a wood pile wall (13), wherein the wood pile wall (13) is disposed on a side of the concrete partition wall (11) facing the river channel (14) and is spaced apart from the concrete partition wall (11), and the gabion (12) is disposed between the concrete partition wall (11) and the wood pile wall (13).

8. The varied-seepage-diameter ecological revetment utilizing ecological concrete according to claim 7, wherein the top of the gabion (12) is of a step structure, and the step surface of the step structure is gradually reduced from the concrete partition wall (11) to the wood pile wall (13).

9. A method for purifying surface runoff of a road by using the variable-seepage-diameter ecological bank protection of any one of the claims 1 to 8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

after the road surface runoff flows, the sewage flows into the grass planting ditch (2), overflows after the grass planting ditch (2) is full of sewage, and flows to the variable-seepage-diameter ecological bank protection;

sewage flowing through the surface of the variable-seepage-diameter ecological bank protection is infiltrated to the variable-seepage-diameter packing layer from the surface planting layer (5) and purified through the variable-seepage-diameter packing layer;

after being purified, the sewage flows out of the holes of the concrete partition wall (11) under the action of the impermeable layer (10), passes through the gabion (12) and the wood pile wall (13) and then enters the river channel (14).