CN105256761A - River biological-physical habitat system construction method for low hilly areas of northern water sources - Google Patents
River biological-physical habitat system construction method for low hilly areas of northern water sources Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a river biological-physical habitat system construction method for low hilly areas of northern water sources. For constructing a river biological-physical habitat ecosystem, gravel of different sizes is laid on a river course, benthic algae grow in a river, and aquatic plants are planted beside the river course; for constructing a terrestrial-aquatic transverse zone biological-physical habitat ecosystem, aquatic plants and herbaceous plants are planted, the number ratio of the aquatic plants to the herbaceous plants ranges from 1 to 1.8 to 1 to 2.5, the planting width of the aquatic plants ranges from 1 m to 2 m, and the planting width of the herbaceous plants ranges from 4 m to 6 m; for constructing a river bank biological-physical habitat ecosystem, herbaceous plants, shrubs and arbors are planted. The river biological-physical habitat system construction method is designed for northern rivers, and long-term exploration and construction are carried out for solving the problem of ecological environment destruction caused by sand excavation. According to the river biological-physical habitat system construction method, a stable biological-physical habitat system can be obtained through near-natural growth of 2-5 years, strong vegetation measure support can be provided for protection of the water sources, and various ecological functions can be effectively achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the engineering field relevant with river course, be specifically related to the construction process that a kind of near-nature forest theory determines river, northern water head site Hills And Low Mountains biology-physics habitat system.
Background technology
Implement the background of Ecological Civilization Construction strategy in China under, the ecological buffer strip construction in riverbank, basin, Non-point Source Pollutants prevention and control, river Ecology health care become the Science & Technology Demands of river basin ecological management system, engineering demand and Demand of Nation.The ecological buffer strip in riverbank is the ecotone in basin between river biology-physics habitat " water-land system ", has unique ecosystem structure and Ecosystem Service.Water head site river biology-physics habitat system mainly includes river course biology-physics habitat, land inland water ecotone biology-physics habitat, riverbank biology-3, physics habitat subsystem.On the other hand, biology-physics habitat mainly comprises aquatile habitat, algae bio habitat, zoobenthos Biotope Landscape, terrestrial organism habitat, cobble physics habitat, river course.
In basin " society-economic-nature " hybrid system, river biology-physics habitat system has the critical function controlling Non-point Source Pollutants migration, reduce the soil erosion, maintain aquatic life habitat.Because the change of natural environment and mankind's activity such as to disturb strongly at the impact of compound action, river biology-physics habitat system is damaged, and basin water ecological health is subject to serious threat.Northern area is cold dry for winter, and the river freezeup phase is longer, and river ethic Tendency analysis is very uneven, and seasonal variety is comparatively large, and water flow in dry season is less, and wet season flow dynamics changes greatly, upstream, basin tool flashy stream characteristic.Due to the seasonal variations of northern river natural conditions, water environment has obvious Time dynamic characteristic, and the ecological buffer strip structure design in the riverbank of existing traditional mode can not meet the multiple comprehensive function of river habitat system under northern basin feature and the special changeable condition of water environment.At present; river course biology-physics habitat, land inland water ecotone biology-physics habitat, riverbank biology-3, physics habitat subsystem receive destruction in various degree, and the every Ecosystem Service of subsystem such as its water conservation, water and soil conservation, reduction non-point pollution, species conservation, Flood Pondage Action, habitat maintenance, view guarantee all weaken.The bio-diversities such as water head site river course water plant, algae, zoobenthos, terrestrial organism go down, and water body self-purification ability goes down, and result in the decline of water head site environmental quality, water head site pollution has generation frequently.Therefore; for basin, north cold area seasonal freezing variation characteristic; a kind of northern water head site river biology-physics habitat system construction process is proposed; biological habitat that is environmental, Mobyneb is built imperative at upper river; strengthen the protection of water resource ground, improve the river course environment of water conservation district.But; not yet formed all the time at present set of system, science, specification, build that northern wellhead protection zone upper river is environmental, the technical method in the biology-physics habitat of Mobyneb efficiently; the function that ecological basin gives full play to ecological nursing, ecological regulation and control, ecology service can not be met, need the biology-physics habitat of the structure ecotype, Mobyneb to guarantee that ecological basin plays its important ecosystem service function.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, water conservation low for river habitat system non-point pollution abatement function under northern basin feature and the changeable condition of water environment and the hydrology to regulate and store the problems such as usefulness is weak, aquatile habitat is imperfect; according to the ecological buffer strip theory in near-nature forest riverbank; propose river, a kind of northern water head site Hills And Low Mountains biology-physics habitat system construction process, be intended to be formed set of system, science, specification, efficiently build that Hills And Low Mountains, northern wellhead protection zone river is environmental, the technical system in the biology-physics habitat of Mobyneb.
The technical scheme realizing the object of the invention is:
The construction process of river, a kind of northern water head site Hills And Low Mountains biology-physics habitat system, comprise the structure of river course biology-physics habitat ecosystem, land inland water ecotone biology-physics habitat ecosystem, the riverbank biology-physics habitat ecosystem three subsystems, wherein
Being configured to of river course biology-physics habitat ecosystem: the gravel (cobble) of different size is laid in river course, be A1 (1000 ~ 1500mm): A2 (500 ~ 1000mm): A3 (100 ~ 500mm): A4 (16 ~ 100mm): A5 (8 ~ 16mm): A6 (4 ~ 8mm): A7 (0.425 ~ 4mm): A8 (< 0.425mm)=(2.5 ~ 3.0) according to particle diameter (8 footpath levels) size: (2.0 ~ 2.5): (2.0 ~ 2.5): (1.0 ~ 1.5): (1.5 ~ 2.0): (1.0 ~ 1.5): (1.5 ~ 2.0): the volume ratio of (1.0 ~ 1.5) is laid, plant benthic algae in korneforos, plant water plant in limit, river course,
Being configured to of land inland water ecotone biology-physics habitat ecosystem: in land inland water ecotone planting aquatic plants and herbaceous plant, described water plant and herbal number ratio are 1:1.8 ~ 2.5; Described water plant planting width is 1 ~ 2m, and described herbaceous plant plantation width is 4 ~ 6m; Canopy density 60 ~ 80%;
Being configured to of riverbank biology-physics habitat ecosystem: in riverbank plantation herbaceous plant, shrub, arbor.Herbaceous plant: shrub: the arbor ratio of planting is 1.8 ~ 2.5:1.8 ~ 2.5:0.8 ~ 1.5.
Preferably, in the structure of described river course biology-physics habitat ecosystem, every 100 square meters introduce 10 ~ 15, large gravel, and large gravel is of a size of particle size 2.5 ~ 4.0m.The gravel ratio laid contributes to the end and to dwell vegeto-animal existence and breeding.
Wherein, in the structure of described river course biology-physics habitat ecosystem, the benthic algae of korneforos is one or more in Ye Heizao, eel grass, large najas marina; Described water plant planting width is 1 ~ 3m, and described water plant leading thread is 2 ~ 5mm, canopy density 80 ~ 100%.
Wherein benthic algae can be zoobenthos provides and takes food material etc., and the preferred plant height of described water plant is the water plant of 30 ~ 50cm.
The aquatic plant species of one's native land that grows under the special habitats of northern water head site Hills And Low Mountains is suitable for based on a large amount of investigation, in the structure of described river course biology-physics habitat ecosystem, limit, river course aquatic plant species is preferably, 5 ~ 8 kinds in calamus, cattail, Scirpus tabernaemontani, reed, nutgrass flatsedge, long halberd leaf knotweed, long arrow leaf knotweed, prince's-feather, red shank, head knotweed, rare colored knotweed, Chinese celery, Fischer grass, plant with number ratio equal proportion.
Limit, above-mentioned preferred river course water plant can be the habitat that zoobenthos provides good.
Wherein, described land inland water ecotone is sandy or Muddy Bottoms.
Based on a large amount of investigation in the biology to river, northern water head site Hills And Low Mountains-abiotic habitat, be adapted to northern area cold dry for winter, the river freezeup phase is longer, and river ethic Tendency analysis is very uneven, and seasonal variety is larger, water flow in dry season is less, the wet season flow dynamics change feature such as greatly, optional water plant leading thread is 3 ~ 5mm, and plant height is 40 ~ 50cm, herbal leading thread is 8 ~ 10mm, and plant height is 40 ~ 60cm; Water plant and the herbaceous plant indigenous species of its suitable growth are as follows:
Wherein, in the structure of described land inland water ecotone biology-physics habitat ecosystem, water plant comprises: long halberd leaf knotweed, long arrow leaf knotweed, prince's-feather, red shank, head knotweed, rare colored knotweed, rhizoma alismatis, dayflower, Fischer grass, humulus careless in one or more; Herbaceous plant comprises: touch-me-not, bur beggar-ticks, nettle, galvanized iron or tinned iron garden sorrel, bur garden sorrel, bird retch, meadow pine, buttercup, Lythrum salicaria, lead a cow, one or more in Pelargonium.
More than 3 kinds that preferably plant in described water plant, more than 3 kinds that plant in described herbaceous plant, various plants combines with number ratio equal proportion.
Various plants in water plant and herbaceous plant indigenous species, with the random combine of number ratio equal proportion, can be zoobenthos, birds provides good habitat.
Wherein, described riverbank is sandy or Muddy Bottoms riverbank.
In the structure of described riverbank biology-physics habitat ecosystem, preferred described herbal leading thread is 8 ~ 10mm, and plant height is 40 ~ 60cm; The leading thread of described shrub is 10 ~ 12mm, and plant height is 50 ~ 60cm; Described arbor leading thread is 20 ~ 30mm, and plant height is 120 ~ 150cm; Described herbaceous plant, shrub, magaphanerophytes's plantation width are 6 ~ 10m (overall width of the plantation that mixes), canopy density 60 ~ 80%.
Based on a large amount of investigation in the biology to river, northern water head site Hills And Low Mountains-abiotic habitat, be adapted to northern area cold dry for winter, the river freezeup phase is longer, river ethic Tendency analysis is very uneven, seasonal variety is larger, water flow in dry season is less, and on the basis of the wet season flow dynamics change feature such as greatly, the herbaceous plant of its suitable growth, shrub, arbor indigenous species are as follows:
Herbaceous plant comprises lamb's-quarters, chrysanthemum wormwood artemisia, mountain lettuce, lamb's-quarters wormwood artemisia, willow wormwood artemisia, reed wormwood artemisia, sweet wormwood, Artemisia capillaris, galvanized iron or tinned iron garden sorrel, bur garden sorrel, bird retch, leads a cow, trailing plants Japonica, Siberian cocklebur, dandelion, evening primrose, Chinese violet, humulus grass, Asiatic plantain, annual fleabane herb, clover, short covered barley grass, the seed of Chinese dodder, wild mint, motherwort, burdock, Ji, chrysanthemum draft sweet-scented osmanthus, greater celandine, sharp mouth sedge, one or more in pendentfruit rockcress fruit; Shrub comprise in hawthornleaf raspberry herb, Nanking cherry, shrub lespedeza, meadow sweet, false indigo, kuh-seng one or more; Arbor comprise in wormwood artemisia willow, Chinese ash, Chinese catalpa one or more.
Various plants, with the random combine of number ratio equal proportion, can be animal, birds provides good habitat.
When carrying out biology-physics habitat structure, without the need to carrying out the plantation of regulation line-spacing and spacing in the rows according to existing afforestation standard, but carry out multiple types according to the requirement of the bio-diversity of plant growth and plant at random, near-nature forest then through 2-5 grows (based on the theory of intimate natural management, First Year kind has been got well, just no longer planted) later, stable biology-physics habitat ecosystem is obtained by natural selection, this technical method is different from the way of manmade landscape, artificial landscape, without the need to too much nourishment, and Plant Diversity, stability is all better than the method for manmade landscape, artificial landscape, protection for water head site provides vegetation measures forcefully, and can effectively play various ecological functions, also possesses good landscape function simultaneously.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention is directed to northern river, especially because dig the environmental destruction that sand causes to have carried out long-felt and structure.According to design of the present invention, the near-nature forest through 2-5 grows, and obtain stable biology-physics habitat ecosystem, the protection for water head site provides vegetation measures forcefully, and can effectively play various ecological functions, also possesses good landscape function simultaneously.
By the enforcement of technical solution of the present invention, each index of structure of community of the algae of Liaoning Province's water head site test site, zoobenthos, plant increases with the increase of structure time, total nitrogen in area source pollutants, the content of total phosphorus reduce year by year, the near-nature forest building up to the 4th year from First Year is built, the indices of ecological environment rises appreciably, and the kind of algae, bio-diversity, vegetation relative density, biomass all have remarkable growth.
By the inventive method, dig the pollution of river after sand and obtain effective improvement, the concentration of total nitrogen, the concentration of total phosphorus obviously reduce, and show that the structure in biology-physics habitat can effectively play and cut down pollution of area source function, play the functions such as species child care.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 makes a living object-object reason ecosystem schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 make a living object-object reason ecosystem restoration build flow chart.
Fig. 3 is embodiment 1 indices water time variation diagram after 4 years build, and wherein Fig. 3-1 is Algal Community Structure index, and Fig. 3-2 is benthic fauna structure index, and Fig. 3-3 is Vegetation community index, and Fig. 3-4 is total nitrogen total phosphorus content.
Fig. 4 is embodiment 2 indices water time variation diagram after 4 years build, and wherein Fig. 4-1 is Algal Community Structure index, and Fig. 4-2 is benthic fauna structure index, and Fig. 4-3 is Vegetation community index, and Fig. 4-4 is total nitrogen total phosphorus content.
Fig. 5 is that embodiment 1 builds place outdoor scene photo.
Fig. 6 is that embodiment 2 builds place outdoor scene photo.
Fig. 7 upper river biology-physics habitat sectional schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 upper river river course biology-physics habitat sectional schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 upper river riverbank ecotone biology-physics habitat sectional schematic diagram.
Figure 10 upper river riverbank biology-physics habitat sectional schematic diagram.
Wherein 1 is river course, and 2 is land inland water ecotone, and 3 is riverbank, and 4 is gravel, and 5 is water plant, and 6 is arbor, and 7 is shrub, and 8 is water body, and 9 is herbaceous plant.
Detailed description of the invention
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
See table 1, the present embodiment is implemented under following implementation condition and technical requirements condition:
1. implement basin: Taizihe River upstream (see Fig. 5, new Bin County table mountain town).
2. dig road, Shahe section biology-physics habitat system and carry out near-nature forest structure (see Fig. 7), overall width 25m, wherein river course 1 biology-wide 5m of the physics habitat ecosystem, land inland water ecotone 2 biologies-wide 3m of the physics habitat ecosystem, riverbank 3 biologies-wide 7m of the physics habitat ecosystem.The flow process built is as Fig. 2.In Fig. 7, the safety water depth scope on close riverbank 3 is >=2000mm, dark 500mm.
River course biology-physics habitat ecosystem builds:
The gravel 4 laying different volumes ratio in river course 1 is A1 (1000 ~ 1500mm): A2 (500 ~ 1000mm): A3 (100 ~ 500mm): A4 (16 ~ 100mm): A5 (8 ~ 16mm): A6 (4 ~ 8mm): A7 (0.425 ~ 4mm): A8 (< 0.425mm)=2.6:2.1:2.3:1.4:1.8:1.3:1.6:1.4 according to particle size, and every 100 square meters introduce 12, the large gravel of particle size 2.5 ~ 4.0m simultaneously; The kind of limit, river course planting aquatic plants 5 is: knotweed (Dominant variety), reed, calamus, cattail, Scirpus tabernaemontani, nutgrass flatsedge, with the intermingle of number ratio 3:1:1:1:1:1 ratio, described water plant planting width is 1.5m, described water plant leading thread is 5mm, plant height is 50cm, canopy density 100%.The algae such as the Ye Heizao grown in river course, eel grass, large najas marina provide excellent habitat (Fig. 8) for zoobenthos.
Land inland water ecotone biology-physics habitat ecosystem builds:
The water plant 5 of plantation has: knotweed, rhizoma alismatis, dayflower, with the intermingle of number ratio 1:1:1 equal proportion; The herbaceous plant 9 of plantation has: touch-me-not (Dominant variety), bur beggar-ticks, nettle, galvanized iron or tinned iron garden sorrel, meadow pine are with the intermingle of number ratio 2.5:1:1:1:1 ratio.Described water plant and herbal number ratio are 1:2; Described water plant leading thread is 5mm, and plant height is 50cm; Described herbal leading thread is 10mm, and plant height is 60cm; Described water plant planting width is 1m, and described herbaceous plant plantation width is 2m; Canopy density 80% (Fig. 9).
Riverbank biology-physics habitat ecosystem builds
Based on a large amount of investigation in the biology to river, northern water head site Hills And Low Mountains-abiotic habitat, be adapted to northern area cold dry for winter, the river freezeup phase is longer, river ethic Tendency analysis is very uneven, seasonal variety is larger, water flow in dry season is less, on the basis of the wet season flow dynamics change feature such as greatly, the herbaceous plant 9 of plantation has: chrysanthemum wormwood artemisia, lamb's-quarters wormwood artemisia, reed wormwood artemisia, Artemisia capillaris, lamb's-quarters, mountain lettuce, galvanized iron or tinned iron garden sorrel, bird retch, trailing plants Japonica, dandelion, evening primrose, Chinese violet, humulus grass, Asiatic plantain, annual fleabane herb; The shrub 7 of plantation has shrub lespedeza, meadow sweet, Nanking cherry; Plantation arbor 6 has wormwood artemisia willow, Chinese ash.Various plants in herbaceous plant, shrub, arbor is with the intermingle of number ratio 1:1 equal proportion.Described herbaceous plant: shrub: arbor is than being 2:2:1; Described herbal leading thread is 8mm, and plant height is 40cm; The leading thread of described shrub is 10mm, and plant height is 60cm; Described arbor leading thread is 22mm, and plant height is 120cm; Described herbaceous plant, shrub, magaphanerophytes's plantation width are 7m, canopy density 80% (Figure 10).
According to above design, through the growth of the near-nature forest of 4 years, obtain stable biology-physics habitat ecosystem, the protection for water head site provides vegetation measures forcefully, and can effectively play various ecological functions, also possesses good landscape function simultaneously.As can be seen from Figure 3, each index of structure of community of algae (Fig. 3-1), zoobenthos (Fig. 3-2), plant (Fig. 3-3) increases with this builds the increase of time; And the content of total nitrogen in area source pollutants, total phosphorus (Fig. 3-4) reduces year by year, the kind of algae from 19 in the 1st year belong to 32 kinds increase to the 4th year 31 belong to 62 kinds, biodiversity index from 1.36 in the 1st year increase to the 4th year 3.50, relative density is from the 8.54ind/m of the 1st year
2plant the 63.73ind/m increasing to the 4th year
2, biomass is from the 9.49g/m of the 1st year
2plant the 51.27g/m increasing to the 4th year
2; From 6 sections 7 of the 1st year, the kind of zoobenthos belongs to that 10 sections 13 increasing to the 4th year belong to, biodiversity index from 0.84 in the 1st year increase to the 4th year 2.18, relative density is from the 9.34ind/m of the 1st year
2kind to increase to the 51.86ind/m2 of the 4th year, biomass from the 13.12g/m of the 1st year
2plant the 54.36g/m increasing to the 4th year
2; The kind of vegetation from 22 in the 1st year belong to 29 kinds increase to the 4th year 44 belong to 59 kinds, biodiversity index to increase to from 1.81 in the 1st year the 4th year 4.18; The concentration of total nitrogen is reduced to from the 15.84mg/L of the 1st year the 6.21mg/L of the 4th year, the concentration of total phosphorus to be reduced to the 4th year 0.24mg/L from the 0.41mg/L of the 1st year, show that the structure in biology-physics habitat can effectively play and cut down pollution of area source function, play the functions such as species child care.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is implemented under following implementation condition and technical requirements condition:
1. implement basin: Taizihe River upstream (see Hei Gou township of Fig. 6, Huan Ren county stone little tiger)
2. dig road, Shahe section biology-physics habitat system and carry out near-nature forest structure, overall width 36m, wherein river 1 biology-wide 10m of the physics habitat ecosystem, land inland water ecotone 2 biologies-wide 5m of the physics habitat ecosystem, riverbank 3 biologies-wide 8m of the physics habitat ecosystem.
River course biology-physics habitat ecosystem builds:
The gravel laying different volumes ratio in river course is A1 (1000 ~ 1500mm): A2 (500 ~ 1000mm): A3 (100 ~ 500mm): A4 (16 ~ 100mm): A5 (8 ~ 16mm): A6 (4 ~ 8mm): A7 (0.425 ~ 4mm): A8 (< 0.425mm)=2.8:2.4:2.1:1.2:1.6:1.5:1.8:1.3 according to particle size, and every 100 square meters introduce 14, the large gravel of particle size 2.5 ~ 4.0m simultaneously; Limit, river course planting aquatic plants kind is: knotweed (Dominant variety), touch-me-not (Dominant variety), reed, cattail, Scirpus tabernaemontani, bur beggar-ticks, with the intermingle of number ratio 2:1.5:1:1:1:1 ratio, described water plant planting width is 3m, described water plant leading thread is 5mm, plant height is 50cm, canopy density 100%.Be the algae such as Ye Heizao, eel grass, large najas marina in river course.
The structure of land inland water ecotone biology-physics habitat ecosystem:
The water plant of plantation has: knotweed, rhizoma alismatis, dayflower, Fischer grass, with the intermingle of number ratio 1:1:1:1 equal proportion; The herbaceous plant of plantation has: touch-me-not (Dominant variety), bur beggar-ticks, nettle, galvanized iron or tinned iron garden sorrel, meadow pine, bird retch are with the intermingle of number ratio 2.5:1:1:1:1:1 ratio.Described water plant and herbal number ratio are 1:2; Described water plant leading thread is 5mm, and plant height is 50cm; Described herbal leading thread is 10mm, and plant height is 60cm; Described water plant planting width is 2m, and described herbaceous plant plantation width is 3m; Canopy density 80%.
The structure of riverbank biology-physics habitat ecosystem:
The herbaceous plant of plantation has: reed wormwood artemisia, lamb's-quarters wormwood artemisia, Artemisia capillaris, lamb's-quarters, galvanized iron or tinned iron garden sorrel, bur garden sorrel, bird retch, trailing plants Japonica, dandelion, evening primrose, Chinese violet, humulus grass, Asiatic plantain, annual fleabane herb, Siberian cocklebur; The shrub of plantation has shrub lespedeza, meadow sweet; Plantation arbor has wormwood artemisia willow, Chinese ash.Various plants in herbaceous plant, shrub, arbor is with the intermingle of number ratio 1:1 equal proportion.Described herbaceous plant: shrub: arbor is than being 2.5:2:1; Described herbal leading thread is 8mm, and plant height is 50cm; The leading thread of described shrub is 12mm, and plant height is 50cm; Described arbor leading thread is 25mm, and plant height is 150cm; Described herbaceous plant, shrub, magaphanerophytes's plantation width are 8m, canopy density 70%.
According to above design, through the near-nature forest growth of 4 years, obtain stable biology-physics habitat ecosystem, the protection for water head site provided vegetation measures forcefully, and can effectively play various ecological functions, also possesses good landscape function simultaneously.As can be seen from following figure, each index of structure of community of algae (Fig. 4-1), zoobenthos (Fig. 4-2), plant (Fig. 4-3) increases with this builds the increase of time; And the content of total nitrogen in area source pollutants, total phosphorus (Fig. 4-4) reduces year by year, the kind of algae from 18 in the 1st year belong to 29 kinds increase to the 4th year 29 belong to 52 kinds, biodiversity index from 1.25 in the 1st year increase to the 4th year 3.23, relative density is from the 11.84ind/m of the 1st year
2plant the 53.93ind/m increasing to the 4th year
2, biomass is from the 9.98g/m of the 1st year
2plant the 61.32g/m increasing to the 4th year
2; From 6 sections 8 of the 1st year, the kind of zoobenthos belongs to that 10 sections 15 increasing to the 4th year belong to, biodiversity index from 0.89 in the 1st year increase to the 4th year 2.39, relative density is from the 9.65ind/m of the 1st year
2plant the 41.83ind/m increasing to the 4th year
2, biomass is from the 23.42g/m of the 1st year
2plant the 74.35g/m increasing to the 4th year
2; The kind of vegetation from 42 in the 1st year belong to 49 kinds increase to the 4th year 62 belong to 75 kinds, biodiversity index to increase to from 1.41 in the 1st year the 4th year 4.38; The concentration of total nitrogen is reduced to from the 12.84mg/L of the 1st year the 6.01mg/L of the 4th year, the concentration of total phosphorus to be reduced to the 4th year 0.22mg/L from the 0.53mg/L of the 1st year, show that the structure in biology-physics habitat can effectively play and cut down pollution of area source function, play the functions such as species child care.
Table 1 case study on implementation biology-physics habitat ecosystem constructing technology scheme
Embodiment that is disclosed or that require can make or implement in the scope being no more than existing disclosed laboratory facilities above.All products described by the preferred embodiment of the present invention and/or method, refer to expressly those do not violate concept of the present invention, scope and spirit may be used for this product and/or experimental technique and following step.To all changes and the improvement of described technological means, all belong to concept, the scope and spirit of the claims in the present invention definition.
Claims (10)
1. the construction process of river, northern water head site Hills And Low Mountains biology-physics habitat system, it is characterized in that, comprise the structure of river course biology-physics habitat ecosystem, land inland water ecotone biology-physics habitat ecosystem, the riverbank biology-physics habitat ecosystem three subsystems, wherein
Being configured to of river course biology-physics habitat ecosystem: the gravel of different size is laid in river course, be A1 (1000 ~ 1500mm): A2 (500 ~ 1000mm): A3 (100 ~ 500mm): A4 (16 ~ 100mm): A5 (8 ~ 16mm): A6 (4 ~ 8mm): A7 (0.425 ~ 4mm): A8 (< 0.425mm)=(2.5 ~ 3.0) according to particle size: (2.0 ~ 2.5): (2.0 ~ 2.5): (1.0 ~ 1.5): (1.5 ~ 2.0): (1.0 ~ 1.5): (1.5 ~ 2.0): the volume ratio of (1.0 ~ 1.5) is laid, korneforos growth has benthic algae, plant water plant in limit, river course,
Being configured to of land inland water ecotone biology-physics habitat ecosystem: in land inland water ecotone planting aquatic plants and herbaceous plant, described water plant and herbal number ratio are 1:1.8 ~ 2.5; Described water plant planting width is 1 ~ 2m, and herbaceous plant plantation width is 4 ~ 6m; Canopy density 60 ~ 80%;
Being configured to of riverbank biology-physics habitat ecosystem: in riverbank plantation herbaceous plant, shrub, arbor, herbaceous plant: shrub: the arbor ratio of planting is 1.8 ~ 2.5:1.8 ~ 2.5:0.8 ~ 1.5.
2. construction process according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the structure of described river course biology-physics habitat ecosystem, every 100 square meters introduce 10 ~ 15, large gravel, the particle size 2.5 ~ 4.0m of large gravel.
3. construction process according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the structure of described river course biology-physics habitat ecosystem, the benthic algae of korneforos is one or more in Ye Heizao, eel grass, large najas marina; Described water plant planting width is 1 ~ 3m, and described water plant leading thread is 2 ~ 5mm, canopy density 80 ~ 100%.
4. construction process according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, in the structure of described river course biology-physics habitat ecosystem, limit, river course aquatic plant species is: 5 ~ 8 kinds in calamus, cattail, Scirpus tabernaemontani, reed, nutgrass flatsedge, long halberd leaf knotweed, long arrow leaf knotweed, prince's-feather, red shank, head knotweed, rare colored knotweed, Chinese celery, Fischer grass, plant with number ratio equal proportion.
5. construction process according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described land inland water ecotone is sandy or Muddy Bottoms.
6. construction process according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, in the structure of described land inland water ecotone biology-physics habitat ecosystem, water plant comprises: long halberd leaf knotweed, long arrow leaf knotweed, prince's-feather, red shank, head knotweed, rare colored knotweed, rhizoma alismatis, dayflower, Fischer grass, humulus careless in one or more; Herbaceous plant comprises: touch-me-not, bur beggar-ticks, nettle, galvanized iron or tinned iron garden sorrel, bur garden sorrel, bird retch, meadow pine, buttercup, Lythrum salicaria, lead a cow, one or more in Pelargonium.
7. construction process according to claim 6, is characterized in that, more than 3 kinds that plant in described water plant, more than 3 kinds that plant in described herbaceous plant, and various plants combines with number ratio equal proportion.
8., according to the arbitrary described construction process of claim 1 ~ 7, it is characterized in that, described riverbank is sandy or Muddy Bottoms riverbank.
9. construction process according to claim 8, is characterized in that, in the structure of described riverbank biology-physics habitat ecosystem, the plantation width of described herbaceous plant, shrub, magaphanerophytes is 6 ~ 10m, canopy density 60 ~ 80%.
10. construction process according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, in the structure of described riverbank biology-physics habitat ecosystem, herbaceous plant comprises lamb's-quarters, chrysanthemum wormwood artemisia, mountain lettuce, lamb's-quarters wormwood artemisia, willow wormwood artemisia, reed wormwood artemisia, sweet wormwood, Artemisia capillaris, galvanized iron or tinned iron garden sorrel, bur garden sorrel, bird retch, lead a cow, trailing plants Japonica, Siberian cocklebur, dandelion, evening primrose, Chinese violet, humulus grass, Asiatic plantain, annual fleabane herb, clover, short covered barley grass, the seed of Chinese dodder, wild mint, motherwort, burdock, Ji, chrysanthemum draft sweet-scented osmanthus, greater celandine, point mouth sedge, one or more in pendentfruit rockcress fruit, shrub comprise in hawthornleaf raspberry herb, Nanking cherry, shrub lespedeza, meadow sweet, false indigo, kuh-seng one or more, arbor comprise in wormwood artemisia willow, Chinese ash, Chinese catalpa one or more.
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